Welcome unit Discovering useful structures 课件(共27张PPT) 高一英语 人教版（2019） 必修第一册

(共27张PPT)
B1 Welcome Unit
Discovering Useful
Srtuctures
Learn to analyze the structure of the sentences
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Learn to know the basic sentence
structures of English.
Learn to analyze the structure of the
sentences .
Learning objectives
What do think of the grammar
Lead in
vocabulary
grammar
What makes a sentence
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Lead in
sentence elements
S 表示主语（subject)
V 表示谓语（predicate）
O 表示宾语（object）
IO 表示间接宾语（indirect object）
DO 表示直接宾语（direct object）
P 表示表语（predicative）
Attr. 表示定语 (attributive)
A 表示状语（adverbial）
C 表示补足语（complement）
Seeing is believing.
眼见为实。
The baby is sleeping.
宝宝正在睡觉。
主语就是一个句子的陈述的对象，是施动者，可以是人，也可以是物。
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主语
It drives me mad to teach her.
注意：主语一般位于句首，但若不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句作主语，常用it作形式主语，则把真正的主语放在句后。
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找出下列句子的主语。
Twenty years is a short time in history.
Running is good for our health.

To study hard is your duty.

She likes dancing.
What I want is some apples .
数词
动名词
不定式
代词
主语从句
We plant trees in spring every year. 我们每年春天都种许多树。
The aircraft had taken off at 7.
飞机已在7点起飞。
谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词，主要由实义动词充当。
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谓语
注意：谓语：表示主语的行为或状态,一般在主语之后。
谓语中最重要的是谓语动词 (通常由实义动词充当)，它有时态，语态的变化，并受主语人称和数的影响。
简单谓语：由实义动词或者是动词短语组成
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谓语
复合谓语：由情态动词/助动词＋实义动词
These students will go to visit the museum tomorrow.
明天这些学生将去参观博物馆.。
I will return you the book tomorrow.
我会在明天把书还给你。
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谓语的分类
1. 实义动词：又实在意义并能独立作谓语
及物动词 ：需带宾语才能完整表意，若缺少宾语，句意不完整。
不及物动词 ：无需宾语即可独立使用，动作本身可独立存在。
3. 系动词谓语 ：连接主语与表语，说明状态或特征。
4. 助动词谓语 ：辅助构成时态或语态。
5. 情态动词谓语 ：表达能力、意愿等主观态度。
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找出下列句子的谓语。
We have finished reading this book.
Running is good for our health.
He doesn’t like fruit.
A tiger eats meat.
What I want is some apples .
助动词＋实义动词
助动词＋实义动词
形容词短语
实义动词
助动词
She bought a book.
她买了本书。
She didn't say anything.
她什么也没说。（宾语为不定代词）
宾语：动作的承受者，表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者。宾语一般位于及物动词和介词之后。
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宾语
注意：除副词以外的一切实词都能充当宾语（名词、动词、形容词、数量词和代词充当宾语）。
She loves the red dress with pockets.
她喜欢那件有口袋的红色连衣裙。
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Show me your tickets, please.
请让我看看你的票。
She gave me a gift.
她给我一份礼物。
双宾语：有些动词后面跟直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物，间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。
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双宾语
双宾语：间接宾语（人）、直接宾语（物）
双宾语
接双宾语的动词有：
ask、bring、buy、cost、fetch、give、hand、lend、pass、pay、read、return、sell、send、show、take、teach、tell、write等。
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He is a boy.
他是一位男孩。
Five plus two is seven.
五加二等于七。
表语：属于主语补足语，语法名词，是指说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的词或从句。
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表语
注意：表语常由名词、分词、形容词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、副词来充当，它常位于系动词之后。
My hobby is reading.
我的爱好是阅读。
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找出下列句子的表语。
The flower smells sweet.
My hobby is collecting stamps.
Our duty is to make our environment better.
That is why he didn't come to school yesterday.
形容词
不定式
动名词
从句
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I'm going to paint the desk pink.
我打算把桌子涂成粉色。
I find learning English difficult.
我发现学习英语很难。
宾语补足语：有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，简称宾补。
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宾语补足语
注意：宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等。
Tom made the girl cried.
汤姆把这个女孩弄哭了。
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These are apple trees.
有一些苹果树
I have no time to travel in spring.
我在春天没有时间去旅行。
定语：是用来修饰、限定、说明名词、名词短语或代词的品质与特征的。
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定语
注意：主要由形容词（短语）、名词（短语）、副词（短语）、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词（短语）、定语从句 等相当于形容词的词、形容词性短语或句子来充当。
He is the man whom I saw yesterday.
他是我昨天见到的男人。
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She arrived yesterday.
她昨天到的。
We met at the train station.
我们在火车站见的面。
状语：说明动作何时、何地、如何发生；说明形容词或副词的程度。用于修饰形容词,副词,动词或句子。
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状语
注意：状语一般是放在主语之后、被修饰的谓语中心语之前。状语在形式上可以由副词、名词短语、介词短语、定式、不定式 、分词、等充当，主要功能是修饰句子中的动词、动词短语、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子，
You can go wherever you like.
你可以去任何你喜欢的地方。
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Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。
同位语：是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词，与前者指代同一事物，只是加以说明，为同位关系。
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同位语
注意：同位语只有主语和宾语才有，可以由名词、代词以及从句充当。并且同位语一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后，充当的语法成分与前面的词一致。
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基本句型结构
主谓：主语+谓语(SV)。谓语一般是不及物动词。
eg： Linda smiled.
The baby is sleeping.
主谓宾：主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)。谓语是及物动词。
eg： Mike will fix everything.
Jeff loves swimming.
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主系表：主语+连系动词+表语(SP)。
eg ： They are friends.
The dish smells good.
主谓宾宾：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO)。谓语是可跟双宾语的及物动词。
eg： Alex gave his sister the piano.
Mary handed me the letter.
主谓宾补：主语+谓语+宾语+补语(SVOC)。谓语是可跟复合宾语的及物动词。
eg： I found the book easy.
They called their daughter Amy.
There be：There +be +主语+其它。主语是其后的名词，be动词形式根据主语的单复数而定。除be外，sound, look, seem, appear, lie,
stand等，也可用于此结构。
eg： There is a book on the table.
There seems to be something wrong with me.
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由SV和SVO扩展：
主谓状：主语+谓语+状语(SVA)。谓语为不及物动词。
eg He talked too much.
主谓宾状：主语+谓语+宾语+状语(SVOA)。
eg I had my first maths class at senior high
school.
Read the sentences and analyze the structures.
I’m not outgoing.
The teacher was kind and friendly.
He told a funny story.
Everyone laughed.
I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
I didn’t feel awkward or frightened.
He told us funny stories.
SP
SP
SVO
SV
SVOC
SP
SVOO
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Complete sentences with the verbs in the brackets in proper structures.
1. I hope my dream ______________. (come true) SV
2. I _______________________ (look forward
to). SVO
3. Learning English ______________ (seem). SP
4. They _________________ (live). SVA
5. He ____________________ (show). SVOO
will come true
look forward to your letter
seems interesting
are living in the city
showed us his pictures
Thanks！