2026届高考英语一轮复习词法之介词 课件（共34张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2026届高考英语一轮复习词法之介词 课件（共34张PPT) |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-10-15 21:27:37 | ||
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(共34张PPT)
高考一轮复习（英语)
词法之介词
（Preposition)
介词/介词短语
1）定义：
注意:
2）常见介词的基本用法：
1.表时间的介词: at, on, in, since, for, from, during, through, before, by, until / till, after, in, within
介词是一种用来表示词与词，词与句子之间的关系的虚词。
介词在句中不能单独作句子成分，介词后面一般接名词，代词，动名词(doing),或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词短语，在句中可作定语，状语，补语或表语
介词/介词短语
(1)at 用在钟点、黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜、节日等时间名词前或表示一段时间的开头或结尾。
(2)on：用在具体的某一天、周几及某一天的上午、下午、晚上等的时间名词前，即on表示具体的时间。
on October 1st; on a rainy day ; on National Day
on the morning of January 3rd; on the afternoon of his arrival
at 12:00; at dawn; at daybreak; at sunrise; at noon; at night;
at midnight; at the weekend; at Christmas
介词/介词短语
(3) in：用在某年、月、季节、上午、下午、晚上等的时间名词以及较长的时间如世纪、朝代之前。
注意:
a. 当时间名词前有this，that，last，next，some，every, each等词限定时，通常不用任何介词。
b. “on / upon + 名词或动名词”意为“一...就...
in 2025; in August; in summer;
in the morning/afternoon/evening
in the Tang Dynasty; in the 21st century; in the late 1990s
介词/介词短语
(4) since: 自从... 表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用(since+ 时间点)。
(5) for+时间段，表示行为或状态持续的时间，也常与现在完成时连用。
(6) from: 从....表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。
We have not seen each other since 2005.
I have been teaching in the school for ten years.
I hope to do exercises from today.
介词/介词短语
(7) during:在...期间，表示一段持续的时间，也可表示这段持续时间的某一点或某一时刻
(8) through: 在...期间; 从…开头到结尾
(9) before：早于；在……之前(不包括某时在内)
The shop was closed during the whole three months / during the summer vacation.
I will finish the work before Friday.
介词/介词短语
(10) by: 不迟于..., 到...为止(包括某时在内)
(11) until / till: 直到..., 表示动作一直持续到until后面的时间为止；在否定句中表示该动作直到until后面的时间才开始。(not... until...: 直到....才....)
I will finish the work by Friday.
He stayed until / till the end of it.
I didn’t leave until 11 o’clock.
介词/介词短语
(12) after: 在...之后
(13) in+时间段: 在...之后(常与一般将来时态连用)
After seven the rain began to fall.
We’ll be back in three days.
介词/介词短语
2.表方位的介词:
第一类: at, on, to, in;
(1) at 后接小地方，接地点名词时，常将此地视为空间上的某个点
(2) on表示两地接壤
In 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.
Guangdong is on the southeast of Guangxi.
介词/介词短语
(3) to两地不接壤
(4) in后接大地点，或表示在某个范围之内
Japan is to the east of China.
Hunan is in the south of China.
介词/介词短语
第二类：on, above, over(在...上面)
below, under, beneath(在...下面)
(1) on: 在...上面，强调两个物体之间相接触，反义词是beneath
(2) above:在...上面，强调位置高于某物，不一定在正上方，反义词是below
(3) over: 在...上面，强调两个物体之间无接触，在物体的正上方，反义词是under
He put another blanket on her body.
The airline flew above the clouds.
介词/介词短语
第三类：in front of; in the front of(在...前面)
(1) in front of 通常相对于某物体的外部来说，指某人或某物位于该物前面，意为“在……前面”
(2) in the front of 通常相对于空间而言，指某人或某物位于某个空间的内部，意为“在……的前部”
The teacher stands in front of the blackboard.
The teacher stands in the front of the classroom.
介词/介词短语
第四类：along, across, through, by
(1) along: 表示“沿着...”一路行径
(2) across: 表示“横穿”，强调从某一物体表面通过。
Silk had become one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
He watched Karl run across the street to Tommy.
介词/介词短语
(3) through:表示“穿过”，强调从物体内部穿过
(4) by表示“从某物或某人的旁边经过”
Go straight through that door under the EXIT sign.
He passed by me, and didn’t see me.
介词/介词短语
第五类：between, among
(1) between: 在...之间，强调两者之间，常与and连用
(2) among: 在...之间，强调三者及三者以上之间
Hubei lies between Henan and Hunan.
注意:如果指三个及三个以上的人或物中的每两个之间，仍要用between.
Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany.
He is begining to talk his idea among us.
介词/介词短语
第六类：near, beside, by
(1)beside 表示“在...的旁边”，强调两者的位置关系，多用于人
(2)near: 表示“接近，近” 强调两者之间的距离，多用于场所
(3)by表示“在…旁边”时含有“倚，凭，靠，沿着”等意。
He was standing beside his father.
There is a school near my house.
There is a small house by the river.
介词/介词短语
第七类：about, round, around 表示“在…周围”
3. 表示“原因，理由”的介词/介词短语 : for, because of, owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to, out of , with, as a result of 等。
The open-air celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.
Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.
介词/介词短语
4. 表示“除……之外”的介词(短语): besides, except, but, apart from = in addition to = except for, other than...
(1) besides: 除...之外(还有)
(2) except:除...之外(别无)+n. /pron. / 从句...(通常不置于句首)
I think she has many good qualities besides being very beautiful.
I wouldn’t have accepted anything except a job in New York.
介词/介词短语
(3) but: 除...之外(别无)
(4) other than: 除...之外(别无)后可接名词、代词、动名词和动词原形
(5)except for：意为“除…之外”，它的含义是肯定句子主体，排除局部
We cannot choose but (to) stay.
Except for this，everything is in good order.
介词/介词短语
注意:(1)but 常用于nobody, none, no one, nothing, anything, everyone, all 之后。接不定式时，如果前面有实义动词do, 则不定式的to省略。
nobody but / no one but: 除了...谁都不...；none but:只有；仅仅；
nothing but:只有；除了...都不...; anything but: 根本不；决不
everyone but:除了...之外；all but: 几乎；差不多(almost / nearly)
(2) besides还可作副词，意为“另外，而且”，常置于句首。
I have nothing but (to) praise for the police
介词/介词短语
5. 表示“使用...工具，手段，方式等的介词：by, in, on, with, through
(1)by表示“乘坐(交通工具)” 或“通过...方式(by means of...: 用...方式)”
(2) in 当“用” 时，后接表示语言，材料，方式等词
(3) with 表示“使用某种具体的工具，手段，方式等”
You can go there by bus./The man made a living by selling newspaper.
in ink; in French, in this way.
write with a pen; see with your eyes;
with this method:用这种方式
介词/介词短语
(4)through: 表示“通过...途径，方式等
Babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments.
介词/介词短语
6. 其他的介词：against, for, beyond, by, despite, off, as, than, in, with, down, to...
against: 违背，反对，倚靠；以...为背景，衬托
for: 支持，赞成
beyond: (范围，限度)超出，为...所不能及
by: 程度或增减的幅度, 以/按...计算; 由...
despite: 尽管
off: 离开，远离，从...去掉，休息，由于
as: 作为 than: 比...
in: 在...方面 with：和，随着，因为
down: 向下 to: 朝...方向；到...状态，给
真题再现
1. (2025年新课标1卷)“A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent 62. ___ no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side.
解析：考查介词。句意：一位体面的获胜者总是尽力以不超过一两分的优势击败对手，作为对对手的尊重。根据句意可知，考查介词by表示程度，意为“以...”, 故填by.
by
真题再现
2. (2025年新课标2卷) Nothing in my life before prepared me 38. ___ this one-and to be sure...
解析：考查介词。句意：我以前的生活中没有任何东西能让我为此做准备。根据句意以及prepare可知，考查prepare...for...: 为...做准备，故填for.
for
真题再现
3. (2024年新课标1卷) The Glasshouse stands 63. ___ a great achievement in contemporary design...
解析：考查介词。句意：我这座温室作为当代设计的一大成就。根据句意以及stand可知，考查stand as: 作为...的存在，故填as.
as
真题再现
4. (2024年新课标2卷) I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion ( 牡丹亭 ) is similar in some ways 59. ___ Romeo and Juliet.
解析：考查介词。句意：我偶然知道汤的话剧《牡丹亭》和罗密欧与朱丽叶在某些方面是相似的。根据句意以及similar可知，考查be similar to...: 与...相似，故填to.
to
真题再现
5. (2024年全国甲卷) . This area, its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 47. ___ all people of the nation to enjoy— as a national park.
解析：考查介词。句意：这个地区拥有独特且令人惊叹的自然美景，作为国家公园，必须为了这个国家的所有人能享受它而保护好。根据句意可知，考查for:为了...，故填for.
for
真题再现
6. (2023年全国甲卷) ...she teaches that people must take responsibility 63. ___ saving their environment.
解析：考查介词。句意：她教育人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。根据句意以及take resposibility可知，考查固定短语take resposibility for: 对...负责，故填for.
for
真题再现
7. (2023年新课标2卷) And who do they speak English 58. ___
解析：考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语。根据句意可知，考查with: 和，与...一起，故填with.
with
真题再现
8. (2022年全国甲卷) He flew 4,700 kilometers 64. ______Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20...
解析：考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从西安到喀什飞了4700公里。根据句意可知，考查from...to...:从...到...，故填from.
from
真题再现
9. (2022年全国乙卷) May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 56.___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
解析：考查介词。句意：今年5月21日是第一个国际茶日，是由联合国在2019年11月27日正式命名。根据句意以及was named可知，考查by: 由...，故填by.
by
真题再现
10. (2021新课标全国乙卷) It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 4. _____ the late 1980s.
11. (2021新课标全国乙卷)...various types 6. ____ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
until
解析：考查介词。句意：直到20世纪80年代末，这一概念才被广泛接受。根据句意以及not可知，考查not...until...: 直到...才，故填until.
解析：考查介词。句意：如今，各种各样的旅行都被归类为生态旅行。根据句意以及types可知，考查various types of...: 各种各样的，故填of.
of
Thanks for your listening
高考一轮复习（英语)
词法之介词
（Preposition)
介词/介词短语
1）定义：
注意:
2）常见介词的基本用法：
1.表时间的介词: at, on, in, since, for, from, during, through, before, by, until / till, after, in, within
介词是一种用来表示词与词，词与句子之间的关系的虚词。
介词在句中不能单独作句子成分，介词后面一般接名词，代词，动名词(doing),或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词短语，在句中可作定语，状语，补语或表语
介词/介词短语
(1)at 用在钟点、黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜、节日等时间名词前或表示一段时间的开头或结尾。
(2)on：用在具体的某一天、周几及某一天的上午、下午、晚上等的时间名词前，即on表示具体的时间。
on October 1st; on a rainy day ; on National Day
on the morning of January 3rd; on the afternoon of his arrival
at 12:00; at dawn; at daybreak; at sunrise; at noon; at night;
at midnight; at the weekend; at Christmas
介词/介词短语
(3) in：用在某年、月、季节、上午、下午、晚上等的时间名词以及较长的时间如世纪、朝代之前。
注意:
a. 当时间名词前有this，that，last，next，some，every, each等词限定时，通常不用任何介词。
b. “on / upon + 名词或动名词”意为“一...就...
in 2025; in August; in summer;
in the morning/afternoon/evening
in the Tang Dynasty; in the 21st century; in the late 1990s
介词/介词短语
(4) since: 自从... 表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用(since+ 时间点)。
(5) for+时间段，表示行为或状态持续的时间，也常与现在完成时连用。
(6) from: 从....表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。
We have not seen each other since 2005.
I have been teaching in the school for ten years.
I hope to do exercises from today.
介词/介词短语
(7) during:在...期间，表示一段持续的时间，也可表示这段持续时间的某一点或某一时刻
(8) through: 在...期间; 从…开头到结尾
(9) before：早于；在……之前(不包括某时在内)
The shop was closed during the whole three months / during the summer vacation.
I will finish the work before Friday.
介词/介词短语
(10) by: 不迟于..., 到...为止(包括某时在内)
(11) until / till: 直到..., 表示动作一直持续到until后面的时间为止；在否定句中表示该动作直到until后面的时间才开始。(not... until...: 直到....才....)
I will finish the work by Friday.
He stayed until / till the end of it.
I didn’t leave until 11 o’clock.
介词/介词短语
(12) after: 在...之后
(13) in+时间段: 在...之后(常与一般将来时态连用)
After seven the rain began to fall.
We’ll be back in three days.
介词/介词短语
2.表方位的介词:
第一类: at, on, to, in;
(1) at 后接小地方，接地点名词时，常将此地视为空间上的某个点
(2) on表示两地接壤
In 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.
Guangdong is on the southeast of Guangxi.
介词/介词短语
(3) to两地不接壤
(4) in后接大地点，或表示在某个范围之内
Japan is to the east of China.
Hunan is in the south of China.
介词/介词短语
第二类：on, above, over(在...上面)
below, under, beneath(在...下面)
(1) on: 在...上面，强调两个物体之间相接触，反义词是beneath
(2) above:在...上面，强调位置高于某物，不一定在正上方，反义词是below
(3) over: 在...上面，强调两个物体之间无接触，在物体的正上方，反义词是under
He put another blanket on her body.
The airline flew above the clouds.
介词/介词短语
第三类：in front of; in the front of(在...前面)
(1) in front of 通常相对于某物体的外部来说，指某人或某物位于该物前面，意为“在……前面”
(2) in the front of 通常相对于空间而言，指某人或某物位于某个空间的内部，意为“在……的前部”
The teacher stands in front of the blackboard.
The teacher stands in the front of the classroom.
介词/介词短语
第四类：along, across, through, by
(1) along: 表示“沿着...”一路行径
(2) across: 表示“横穿”，强调从某一物体表面通过。
Silk had become one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
He watched Karl run across the street to Tommy.
介词/介词短语
(3) through:表示“穿过”，强调从物体内部穿过
(4) by表示“从某物或某人的旁边经过”
Go straight through that door under the EXIT sign.
He passed by me, and didn’t see me.
介词/介词短语
第五类：between, among
(1) between: 在...之间，强调两者之间，常与and连用
(2) among: 在...之间，强调三者及三者以上之间
Hubei lies between Henan and Hunan.
注意:如果指三个及三个以上的人或物中的每两个之间，仍要用between.
Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany.
He is begining to talk his idea among us.
介词/介词短语
第六类：near, beside, by
(1)beside 表示“在...的旁边”，强调两者的位置关系，多用于人
(2)near: 表示“接近，近” 强调两者之间的距离，多用于场所
(3)by表示“在…旁边”时含有“倚，凭，靠，沿着”等意。
He was standing beside his father.
There is a school near my house.
There is a small house by the river.
介词/介词短语
第七类：about, round, around 表示“在…周围”
3. 表示“原因，理由”的介词/介词短语 : for, because of, owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to, out of , with, as a result of 等。
The open-air celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.
Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.
介词/介词短语
4. 表示“除……之外”的介词(短语): besides, except, but, apart from = in addition to = except for, other than...
(1) besides: 除...之外(还有)
(2) except:除...之外(别无)+n. /pron. / 从句...(通常不置于句首)
I think she has many good qualities besides being very beautiful.
I wouldn’t have accepted anything except a job in New York.
介词/介词短语
(3) but: 除...之外(别无)
(4) other than: 除...之外(别无)后可接名词、代词、动名词和动词原形
(5)except for：意为“除…之外”，它的含义是肯定句子主体，排除局部
We cannot choose but (to) stay.
Except for this，everything is in good order.
介词/介词短语
注意:(1)but 常用于nobody, none, no one, nothing, anything, everyone, all 之后。接不定式时，如果前面有实义动词do, 则不定式的to省略。
nobody but / no one but: 除了...谁都不...；none but:只有；仅仅；
nothing but:只有；除了...都不...; anything but: 根本不；决不
everyone but:除了...之外；all but: 几乎；差不多(almost / nearly)
(2) besides还可作副词，意为“另外，而且”，常置于句首。
I have nothing but (to) praise for the police
介词/介词短语
5. 表示“使用...工具，手段，方式等的介词：by, in, on, with, through
(1)by表示“乘坐(交通工具)” 或“通过...方式(by means of...: 用...方式)”
(2) in 当“用” 时，后接表示语言，材料，方式等词
(3) with 表示“使用某种具体的工具，手段，方式等”
You can go there by bus./The man made a living by selling newspaper.
in ink; in French, in this way.
write with a pen; see with your eyes;
with this method:用这种方式
介词/介词短语
(4)through: 表示“通过...途径，方式等
Babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments.
介词/介词短语
6. 其他的介词：against, for, beyond, by, despite, off, as, than, in, with, down, to...
against: 违背，反对，倚靠；以...为背景，衬托
for: 支持，赞成
beyond: (范围，限度)超出，为...所不能及
by: 程度或增减的幅度, 以/按...计算; 由...
despite: 尽管
off: 离开，远离，从...去掉，休息，由于
as: 作为 than: 比...
in: 在...方面 with：和，随着，因为
down: 向下 to: 朝...方向；到...状态，给
真题再现
1. (2025年新课标1卷)“A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent 62. ___ no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side.
解析：考查介词。句意：一位体面的获胜者总是尽力以不超过一两分的优势击败对手，作为对对手的尊重。根据句意可知，考查介词by表示程度，意为“以...”, 故填by.
by
真题再现
2. (2025年新课标2卷) Nothing in my life before prepared me 38. ___ this one-and to be sure...
解析：考查介词。句意：我以前的生活中没有任何东西能让我为此做准备。根据句意以及prepare可知，考查prepare...for...: 为...做准备，故填for.
for
真题再现
3. (2024年新课标1卷) The Glasshouse stands 63. ___ a great achievement in contemporary design...
解析：考查介词。句意：我这座温室作为当代设计的一大成就。根据句意以及stand可知，考查stand as: 作为...的存在，故填as.
as
真题再现
4. (2024年新课标2卷) I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion ( 牡丹亭 ) is similar in some ways 59. ___ Romeo and Juliet.
解析：考查介词。句意：我偶然知道汤的话剧《牡丹亭》和罗密欧与朱丽叶在某些方面是相似的。根据句意以及similar可知，考查be similar to...: 与...相似，故填to.
to
真题再现
5. (2024年全国甲卷) . This area, its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 47. ___ all people of the nation to enjoy— as a national park.
解析：考查介词。句意：这个地区拥有独特且令人惊叹的自然美景，作为国家公园，必须为了这个国家的所有人能享受它而保护好。根据句意可知，考查for:为了...，故填for.
for
真题再现
6. (2023年全国甲卷) ...she teaches that people must take responsibility 63. ___ saving their environment.
解析：考查介词。句意：她教育人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。根据句意以及take resposibility可知，考查固定短语take resposibility for: 对...负责，故填for.
for
真题再现
7. (2023年新课标2卷) And who do they speak English 58. ___
解析：考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语。根据句意可知，考查with: 和，与...一起，故填with.
with
真题再现
8. (2022年全国甲卷) He flew 4,700 kilometers 64. ______Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20...
解析：考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从西安到喀什飞了4700公里。根据句意可知，考查from...to...:从...到...，故填from.
from
真题再现
9. (2022年全国乙卷) May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 56.___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
解析：考查介词。句意：今年5月21日是第一个国际茶日，是由联合国在2019年11月27日正式命名。根据句意以及was named可知，考查by: 由...，故填by.
by
真题再现
10. (2021新课标全国乙卷) It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 4. _____ the late 1980s.
11. (2021新课标全国乙卷)...various types 6. ____ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
until
解析：考查介词。句意：直到20世纪80年代末，这一概念才被广泛接受。根据句意以及not可知，考查not...until...: 直到...才，故填until.
解析：考查介词。句意：如今，各种各样的旅行都被归类为生态旅行。根据句意以及types可知，考查various types of...: 各种各样的，故填of.
of
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