2026届高三英语一轮复习—动词及动词词组 课件（共60张PPT)

(共60张PPT)
动词及动词短语
高考一轮复习之
一：动词的含义
动词(verb): 说明主语的动作或状态的词，如：run、keep、buy、do、sing、organise。
动词是句子的灵魂，有人称和数的变化，还有不同的时态、语态、语气等的变化。
动词含义
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Actions speak louder than words.
Lost time is never found again.
Rome wasn’t built in a day.
二：动词的分类
实义动词
动词
助动词
情态动词
系动词
及物 vt.
不及物 vi.
doing
done
to do
谓语动词
非谓语动词
表主动、进行
表被动、完成
表目的、将来
（是否做谓语）
句法功能
意义
延续性 v.
非延续性 v.
实义动词
表示行为、动作的动词，词义完整，可单独做谓语，有人称和数、时态、语态变化。分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1. 及物动词：后直接加宾语【单宾语，双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）和复合宾语（宾语+宾补）】，句子意义才能完整。
She likes art.
He gave me a letter.
I want him to clean the classroom.
2. 不及物动词：本身意义完整，后面无须跟宾语的实义动词。若后面要加宾语，必须加介词再加宾语。【没有被动!!!】
I run every day.
Yes, I agree.
Yes, I agree with you.
动宾和介宾的来源！！
We are senior high school students.
He is from a powerful nation.
系动词主要分为：
(1)“状态”类：be (am, is, are, was, were)
(2)“持续”类：keep, stay, remain, lie等
(3)“好像，似乎”类：seem, appear等
(4)“感官”类：look, sound, smell, taste, feel
(5)“变化”类：grow, turn, get, go, become, come, fall
(6)“证明”类：prove, turn out
妆感正持续变好
系动词
用于连接主语和表语，描述主语的状态、性质或特征的动词。虽有词义，但不能单独作谓语，需和表语一起构成谓语。 【没有被动!!!】
助动词
助动词 变化形式 例句 功能
be am,is,are,was,were等 I am studying grammar. They were watching TV at that time. 帮助构成进行时态
He is hired by the company. 帮助构成被动语态
do does,did He doesn't know her at all. 帮助实义动词构成否定
Do you like English 帮助实义动词构成疑问
have have, has, had I have studied English for 3 years. 帮助构成完成时态
无词义，不能单独作谓语，需和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示不同的时态、语态、否定和疑问等。
！！！：助动词be, do和have，也可用作实义动词。观察以下例句，找出两者的不同作用。
例句 特征 词性及作用
be I am a student. be 单独使用，后无动词其他形式 系动词；用作谓语
I am studying grammar. be doing (后有动词其他形式） 助动词；帮助动词构成进行时态
Many trees are planted by Xiaoming. be done (后有动词其他形式） 助动词；帮助动词构成被动语态
have I have an apple. have 单独使用，后无动词其他形式 实义动词，“有”；用作谓语
I have learned English for 10 years. have done (后有动词其他形式） 助动词；帮助动词构成完成时态
do I often do my homework at home. do 单独使用，后无动词其他形式 实义动词，“做”；用作谓语
I don’t/didn’t like swimming. 否定式后有动词其他形式 助动词；帮助动词构成时态、否定
助动词do的三大考点
1. 助动词do，does ，did后的动词用 。
He didn't come yesterday.
2. 助动词do，does ，did可以放在 加强语气，表强调。
I do hope we can do a good job through joint effort.
She does sing well.
3.动词do，does ，did可以用来代替其它动词。
He played better than he did a year ago.
原形
谓语动词前
如何选择助动词？
句中有动词原形用 ;
无动词原形用 ;
现在完成时用 ;
过去完成时用 .
1. she want to seek help from you
2. they want to seek help from you
3. We making arrangements for the visit to nearby nursing home.
4. I learnt English for 15 years.
5. I learnt English for 15 years before I went abroad.
选择合适的助动词并用其正确形式填空。
have
had
Dose
Do
are
do, does, did
be (am/is/are/was/were)
have, has + done
had + done
情态动词
常见情态动词
原型 过去式 同义词组
能够、会 can could be able to
必须、肯定 must have to
可能、也许 may might
应该、应当 shall should ought to
将要 will would
需要、必须 need
敢、胆敢 dare
有一定词义，但不完整，不能单独做谓语，需与实义动词原型一起构成复合谓语，无人称和数的变化，否定形式为直接在后面加not【但mustn’t表禁止】 。表示说话人对某行为/状态的态度和看法，用于给谓语动词增添情感、态度、语气。
情态动词特殊用法
一、need
1. You needn't do your homework.
You need spare no effort to live up to your parents’ expectation.
2. He needs to have a rest.
He doesn't need to have a rest.
The garden needs watering.
The garden doesn’t needs watering.
情态动词，表“需要”，变否定:needn't
实义动词，表“需要”，否定形式为 don’t/doesn’t didn’t need
need to do sth. 需要做某事
need doing 需要被.... = need to be done
情态动词特殊用法
二、have to 不得不
1. We have to find ourselves a new home.
She has to sell her house.
He had to attend an important meeting.
2. We don't have to find ourselves a new home.
She doesn’t have to sell her house.
He didn't have to attend an important meeting.
have to有人称和数的变化，否定形式为：
don’t / doesn't /didn’t have to
情态动词特殊用法
三、had better 最好
You had better go to hospital at once.
You had better not miss the last bus.
had better do sth. 最好做某事
had better not do sth. 最好不做某事
You had better expose yourself to as much healthier activities like reading or doing exercise as possible, rather than excessive use of digital devices.
你最好让自己尽可能多地接触更健康的活动，例如阅读或做运动，而不是过度使用电子设备。
情态动词特殊用法
四、情态动词 + have done
1. He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.
2. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.
3. I shouldn't have yelled at my parents. They were just worried about me.
4. I needn't have bought so many apples. There are still a lot at home.
5. She might have achieved greater progress.
6. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
7. Mr. Smith can’t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.
can't/couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事
must have done一定做过某事
can/could have done 本能做某事而实际没做
should/ought to have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做
shouldn’t have done本不该做某事。有自责，懊悔的意思。
needn’t+have+done本来不需要做某事，而做了（无用功）
might/may+have+done可能已经做了
情态动词特殊用法
四、情态动词 + have done
1. 表虚拟语气
can/could have done 原本能够做（却没做）
should/ought to have done原本应该做（却没做）
needn't have done原本不必做（却做了）
2. 表推测
may/might have done 可能已经做了
must have done一定已经做了
can't/couldn't have done不可能已经做了
1. They have done things that they ought______
A. not to do B. not to be done C. not to have done D. not having done
2. I'm not surprised you failed the exam. You _____have worked harder.
A. should B. must C. would D. ought
3. You_____me because I didn't say that.
A. must misunderstand B. must be understanding
C.must have misunderstood D. had to misunderstand
4. Steven_____my letter; otherwise he would have replied before now.
A. has received B. should have received
C. couldn't have received D. ought to have received
5. You_____not have seen her yesterday, for she was abroad.
A. must B. should C. could D. would
C
A
C
before now
在此以前，现在
C
C
Dear Zhang Lin，
How's it going I ______ (have) some problems at school. I find it difficult to work in the evening and I can't concentrate on anything at the moment. I spend most of my time ________(listen) to records or watching TV instead of doing my homework. The other students in my class ____(be) much better than me. I have the following problems as well. I can't always take down the important things my teacher ______(say), because I write too slowly. She _____(tell) me that I'm falling behind my classmates in my studies, I'm not good at ____(write) and I usually hand in my homework late because I won't do it until the last minute.
have
listening
are
says
tells
writing
So I often have to find different excuses ______(let) my teacher know why I haven't done the homework. I'm sure I _______(get) through my final exam in January. I'm now so far behind the other students that I don't know how I can ______(catch) up with them. Last week, when my teacher ______(help) me with my homework, she found so many mistakes, which made me more upset.
Could you please give me some good suggestions
Yours，
Wei Hua
to let
won’t get
catch
helped
I have learned Chinese since I came here.
I have learned English for ten years.
He left three hours ago.
He died in 2003.
延续性 & 非延续性动词
1.延续性动词：表示一个动作可以持续一段时间。可与时间段状语连用，可用于when、while引导的时间状语中。如stay、learn、celebrate、complain等。
2.非延续性动词：动作不可以延续，是在瞬间完成的。不可以和时间段连用。不用于while引导的时间状语从句中。如arrive、begin、buy、borrow、finish、close、come、die、leave、marry、stop等。
延续性 & 非延续性动词
It has been ten years since he left Beijing.
他离开北京已经十年了。
It has been ten years since he was a doctor.
他不当医生已经十年了。
1. It is/has been +时间段+since从句（非延续性动词）
做……某事多久了
2. It is/has been +时间段+since从句（延续性动词）
不做……多久了
辨别谓语动词和非谓语动词
1. operating 2. to achieve 3.obtains 4.given 5.will be punished
6. was inspired 7. have elected 8.choose 9. chose 10. chosen
11. are considering 12. can get 13. was thinking
非谓语动词
非谓语动词 Non-predicate Verbs:
1. operating
2. to achieve
4. given
10. chosen
谓语动词 Predicate Verbs:
3. obtains 5. will be punished
6. was inspired 7. have elected
8.choose 9. chose 11. are considering 12. can get 13. was thinking
谓语可以是单个动词，也可以在前加助动词、情态动词构成复合谓语。其形式注意时态、语态和主谓一致
非谓语动词的形式为：doing, to do, done
1. 简单句只含有____个“主语+谓语”。
2. 并列句有___________“主语+谓语”，用 （and、but、or、so、 while等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
3. 复合句有___________“主语+谓语”，用 （which、that、what、who等）把一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
故：确定谓语动词，其余动词前若无并列连词或从属连词，则用非谓语。
非谓语动词的使用
匹配句子及其句子类型
He even told us a funny story, and everyone laughed so much! 简单句
He often reads English in the morning. 并列句
I know the girl who is standing on the stage. 复合句
1
2个或以上
2个或以上
并列连词
从属连词
;
介
连
连
连
is schedule
waited
waiting
goes
going
简单句
并列句
复合句
简单句
复合句
谓语
谓语
非谓语
非谓语
谓语
谓语
witnessed
简单句
提示：先找出句子中的谓语动词，分辨出句子类型，再确认设空处是谓语还是非谓语，最后选用合适形式。
① An interview _________(schedule) for this afternoon.
② He stood there and_______(wait)for his mother.
③ He stood there,_______(wait)for his mother.
④ Last week (witness) an extraordinary sport meeting, which nearly drew the attention of every student and teacher of our school.
⑤ The teacher said that the earth ________(go) around the sun.
⑥ With time_______(go)by, he gradually realized the importance of honesty.
三：动词的基本形式
实义动词基本形式
动词原形
动词三单形式
动词过去式
动词现在分词(V-ing)
动词过去分词(V-ed)
We do exercise regularly.
The old man does exercise regularly.
He did exercise regularly in youth.
He was doing exercise when I saw him.
He has done exercise for 30minutes.
动词三单形式
动词三单变化规律
类型 原型 三单 规则
一般情况 like、sit、run、swim、play likes、sits、runs、swims、plays
以-s、-x、-ch、-sh、-o结尾 express、fix、watch、wash、do expresses、fixes、watches、washes、does
以辅音字母+y结尾 fly、study、carry、apply、rely flies、studies、carries、applies、relies
特殊变化 have has
词尾直接+s
词尾直接+es
把y变i，再+es
思考：元音字母+y结尾的呢？如say、stay。
动词现在分词形式
动词现在分词变化规律
类型 原型 现在分词 规则
一般情况 play、apply、ski、do playing、applying、skiing、doing
以不发音的e结尾 exchange、revise exchanging、revising
以发音的e结尾，如： ee、oe、ye see、agree、hoe锄地、dye染色 seeing、agreeing、hoeing、dyeing
少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加ing die、lie、lie dying、lying、lying
辅元辅，重读闭音节 sit、run、swim sitting、running、swimming、preferring
以-c结尾发/k/ picnic、panic picnicking、panicking
词尾直接+ing
去e，再+ing
词尾直接+ing
把ie变y，再+ing
双写末尾辅音字母，再+ing
词尾+k，再+ing
辅元辅重读闭音节判断
1. 结尾字母和音标都是以“辅-元-辅”
2. 重读闭音节：重音落在闭音节上，或单音节词汇有闭音节
判断以下单词是否为辅元辅重读闭音节类型
refer [r f r]
visit [ v z t]
play [ple ]
wet [wet]
make [me k]
①√ ②√
①√ ②× 结尾的辅元辅没有重读
①× ②√ 音标不是辅元辅结尾
①√ ②√
①× ②√ 字母不是辅元辅结尾
是
不是
不是
是
不是
动词过去式、过去分词变化规律
类型 原型 过去式 过去分词 规则
一般情况 play、comment played、commented played、commented
以不发音的-e结尾 like、revise liked、revised liked、revised
以辅音字母+y结尾 fly、study、carry、apply、rely flied、studied、carried、applied、relied flied、studied、carried、applied、relied
辅元辅，重读闭音节 chat、plan、prefer chatted、planned、preferred chatted、planned、preferred
不规则变化 have、fly、sit、run、do had、flew、sit、ran、did had、flown、sit、run、done
词尾直接+ed
词尾直接+d
把y变i，再+ed
动词过去式&过去分词
双写末尾辅音字母，再+ed
写出下列动词的对应形式。
do does doing did done
take takes taking took taken
flash flashes flashing flashed flashed
watch watches watching watched watched
fly flies flying flew flown
speak speaks speaking spoke spoken
plan plans planning planned planned
forget forgets forgetting forgot forgotten
prefer prefers preferring preferred preferred
lie（躺） lies lying lay lain
arrange arranges arranging arranged arranged
apply applies applying applied applied
overcome overcomes overcoming overcame overcome
四：动词词组
break away 突然挣脱、逃脱、脱离
break away from 脱离、摆脱
break down 失败、摧毁、出故障、(身体)垮掉、分解
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发
break off 中断,突然终止
break through 突破,突围
break up 粉碎、结束、(指人群)散开、解散
break up with sb. 与某人断绝关系
break in 破门而入(不及物)
break into 强行闯入(及物)
1. break词组
bring about 使发生、造成
bring back 带回来、使恢复
bring back to life 使……生动;使……苏醒
bring down 降低,减少、使降落、击落
bring in 引进、提出、赚得
bring out 出版、生产、使显现
bring up 培养、养育、提出(讨论等 )、呕吐
2. bring词组
call for 要求
call back 回电话
call up 使想起、(给某人)打电话
call on 号召、拜访(某人)
call in 召集
call off 取消
3. call词组
catch on 理解、明白
catch fire 着火
catch sight of 发现、瞥见
catch a cold 伤风、感冒
catch up 赶上、把…缠住
catch up on 赶上、得到…消息
catch up with 追上、逮捕
4. catch词组
carry around 随身携带
carry away 运走、失去自制力
carry out 执行、实行、贯彻
carry on 继续做、从事
carry through 完成、坚持下去
5. carry词组
come across 偶然遇见、被理解
come about 发生
come into being/existence 形成、产生
come out 出版、开花
come on 快点、加油
come to a conclusion 得出结论
come to an end 结束、终止
come to life (变得)活泼、苏醒过来
come into / to power 当权、上台
come up with 提出、想出
6. come词组
cut in 插嘴、插队
cut off 切断
cut up 切碎
cut away 砍掉
cut down 砍倒、削减
cut out 删除、剪下
7. cut词组
die of 死于（内因）（hunger/illness/old age/cold）
die from 死于（外因）（wound/overwork）
die off 相继死去
die out 灭绝
die down （暴风雨、火、兴奋等）渐弱、渐息
die away （声音、光线、风等）渐弱、渐息
be dying to do sth./be dying for sth. 渴望（做）某事
8. die 词组
get along/on with 相处、进展
get away from 摆脱
get across 被理解
get away with (做错事)免受惩罚
get close to 接近
get down to 着手做
get involved in 卷入、牵涉进去、参加
get into 开始
get over 克服
get rid of 除掉
get through 完成、通过、接通电话
get used to 习惯于
9. get词组
give away 分发、赠送、泄露
give back 归还
give in(to sb./sth.) 屈服、让步、勉强同意
give out 用完、耗尽、分发
give off 发出(气味、光、热等)
give up 放弃
10. give词组
go about 忙于、着手做
go ahead 进行、先走
go beyond 超越
go back (to) 追溯到
go by (时间)流逝、过去
go for 努力获取、适用于
go for a walk 散步
go over 复习
go on 继续
go through 经历、仔细检查
go with 与……相配
11. go词组
hand down 公布、把…传下去
hand in 上交、交付
hand out 分发、施舍
hand over 移交
hand in hand (n.) 手拉手、联合
12. hand 词组
hold out 递出、拿出；伸出
hold off 推迟、延迟；拖延；
hold back 缩回; 抑制(情感); 隐瞒(真相); 阻挡; 退缩、犹豫
hold on ①别挂，等等（电话用语）；
②紧紧抓住；
③在逆境中坚持；
④不出售，不出让，保留；
hold up ①举起，拿起，支撑柱；
②抢劫；
③使延误，使停顿；
④视...为榜样；
13. hold 词组
keep an eye on 注意、留心
keep away from 避开、别靠近
keep off 避开、使……不接近
keep on 继续
keep sb. from doing 阻止某人做
keep up 保持，坚持，维持
keep up with 跟上、(与……)并驾齐驱、保持
keep… in mind 记住
keep in touch with sb. 和某人保持联络
14. keep词组
leave behind 忘带、留下；落后、落在后面；
leave off 停止做某事
leave about 乱扔乱放
leave out 省略、遗漏
leave sb. alone 别管某人、让某人一个人呆着
leave for 离开去某地
leave aside 搁置、不考虑
leave a message 捎一个口信
15. leave 词组
look around/round 环顾
look after 照顾,照料
look back 回首、回顾过去
look down on/upon 看不起、轻视
look for 寻找
look forward to 盼望
look into 调查
look out 向外看、当心
look through 浏览
look up 查阅、向上看
look up to 尊敬
16. look词组
make a good impression on sb. 给某人留下良好的印象
make a living 谋生
make an apology to sb. for sth. 因为……而向某人道歉
make for 走向、前往、促成
make fun of 取笑、嘲笑
make out 弄清楚、明白 (find out/figure out)
make it 获得成功
make sense of 理解、弄懂
make the most of 充分利用
make up 编造、组成、占、化妆、和解
make up for 弥补
17. make词组
put aside 把······放在一边、储存
put away 把……收拾好、积蓄
put down 放下、记下、镇压
put forward 提出(建议)
put in 放进
put off 推迟,拖延
put on 穿上,戴上、增加、上演
put out (把火)扑灭
put up 举起、张贴、搭建、提供
18. put词组
push down 下推、叠加
push for 奋力争取
push out 拉出、排出
push up 增加、提高
push off 推迟、离开
push over 把…推倒
19. push词组
run over 车辆碾过、液体溢出；
run into sb. 偶遇、碰上某人
run after 追赶
run away 逃跑
run out of 用完
run for 为...竞选
20. run 词组
set about (doing sth.) 着手(做某事)
set aside 把……放在一边、留出
set down 写下,记下
set up 建立,创立
set off 激起、引爆、出发、动身
set out(to do sth.) 着手(做某事) 、出发
21. set词组
take apart 拆卸、拆开
take away 带走,拿走,取走
take down 记下、拆卸、取下
take off 起飞、脱下、匆匆离开
take on 承担、呈现、雇用
take over 接手,接管、接替
take in 理解、吸收、欺骗
take up 占据、开始从事
take care of 照顾、处理
take place 发生、举行
take the place of 取代、替代
22. take词组
turn around/round (使)向后转,回头,转身
turn against (使)反对(某人)
turn up 调高、到来、出现
turn down 调低,关小、拒绝
turn off 关掉
turn on 打开
turn in 上交、产生、告发
turn out 熄灭、生产、证明是
turn over 翻转
turn to 求助于、转向
23. turn词组
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起
(remind sb to do 提醒某人做某事）
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 = charge sb with sth
rob sb. of sth. 抢某人某物
rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某事
cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的某病
inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事
convince sb. of sth. 使某人确信某事
deprive sb. of sth 剥夺某人某物
suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某事
cheat sb. of sth. 欺骗某人某事
24. V. + sb. + of sth.
spring up 突然兴起、迅速出现；弹跳；
build up 建立；增强，增进；
clear up 打扫干净；天气放晴；
stay up 熬夜
polish up 磨光，擦亮；改进，提高；
light up 点亮；（脸色等）放光彩；
pack up 打包；整理；
step up 加快，加紧
pick up ①捡起；②接收信号；③去接某人；④偶然学到（知识等）⑤情况好转；⑥廉价得到；⑦加速；⑧（中断后）重新开始；
25. V. +up
carry out 执行，贯彻；进行（到底）
drop out 退学，退出
find out 查明；找到
lay out 布置，安排；设计；摆出，展开
point out 指出
try out 试用，试验，选拔
work out 计算出；制定出；锻炼；结果良好
26. V. + out
Summary
动词verb
动词的分类
动词的基本形式
动词短语
第三人称单数（动词单数）
动词+介词
过去式和过去分词
动词+副词
动词+形容词+介词
实义动词
连系动词
句法功能
意义
助动词
情态动词
延续动词
非延续动词
及物动词
不及物动词
现在分词
动词+副词+介词
动词+名词+介词