2026届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解之议论文阅读题型剖析课件(共48张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2026届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解之议论文阅读题型剖析课件(共48张PPT) |
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| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 16.5MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-10-16 00:00:00 | ||
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文档简介
(共48张PPT)
议论文
以观点为中心的文章
一、议论文3要素
1. 论点(opinion/conclusion)
2. 论据(facts/evidence)
3. 论证(argument)
能力训练1
能力训练1：区分观点和事实
辣条（别名辣片）是一种以小麦粉和辣椒为主要原料、辅以一定量的食品添加剂制成的零食。
辣条是一种好吃的零食。
地球表面大部分是海洋。
掉进海洋里很可怕。
能力训练1：区分观点和事实
唐朝是中国历史上最强盛最辉煌的朝代。
唐朝是中国在公元618唐唐朝是618年—907年间的一个朝代。
能力训练1：区分观点和事实
Latiao is usually made from flour.
I like Latiao very much. We should all like Latiao.
能力训练1：区分观点和事实
Everyone should go and visit the Pacific Ocean.
The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean
on earth.
能力训练1：区分观点和事实
The Tang Dynasty was established by a great lord, Li Yuan.
Li Yuan was not as great as his son Li Shimin.
能力训练1：区分观点和事实
区分观点&事实方法提炼：
(1) 观点的3个特点 (以下属于 "或" 的关系)：
含有形容词(good, better, best, …)
含有意见倾向性 (think, feel, believe, in my
opinion,…)和概括总结性的词(always, never, …)
含有体现观点的情态动词(should, need to等)
能力训练1：区分观点和事实
区分观点&事实方法提炼：
(1) 观点的3个特点 (以下属于 "或" 的关系)：
含有形容词(good, better, best, beautiful…)
含有意见倾向性 (think, feel, believe, in my
opinion,…)和概括总结性的词(always, never, …)
含有体现观点的情态动词(should, need to等)
(2) 事实的特点：
表现的是数字、统计、科学、历史、非虚构等信息
能力训练1：区分观点和事实
（相当于公理、定理，只有真假，没有好坏，无需论证）
能力训练2
能力训练2：掌握论点和论据的关系
论 据
A. He is teaching in XDF.
B. He makes a lot of money every year.
C. He often donates
money to charities.
D. He often bargains
for a bag of Latiao.
XX is really mean.
论 点
能力训练2：掌握论点和论据的关系
论 据
连连看
A. It is named by Magellan.
B. It is an ocean mainly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
C. It is spectacular.
D. Not everyone is rich.
Everyone should go and visit the Pacific Ocean.
论 点
能力训练2：掌握论点和论据的关系
论点与论据的关系：相辅相成
若：文章论点句子简单生词少能读懂
不看论据
若：文章论点句子复杂生词多看不懂
要看论据
1. XX是一个极其髝 的人。每天为了省下坐地铁
的钱，他居然跑10公里去上班；跟别人聚餐，从来
不出钱让别人出；在学校小卖部买包辣条，还要跟
小卖部老板讨价还价。
2. 我们要做一个善良的人。当我们圀 鱳的时候，要
扶一扶老爷爷髝 ；当我们看到迷路的小朋友，
要儑韡他，簤他回家；当我们看到鴮斚 嶲的流浪
者，要瞉寙綂 ，提供一点沴趖 瞉的帮助。
技巧点拨1：论点必在重要位置
(重要位置：标题；首尾段；段首句；段末句)
3种作用：
技巧点拨2：有些议论文的开头在讲故事？
1. 引出主题 introduce the topic
2. 引起兴趣 increase the readers' interest
能力训练2：掌握论点和论据的关系
3. 充当论据 serve as an evidence
技巧点拨1：论点必在重要位置
(重要位置：标题；首尾段；段首句；段末句)
3种作用：
技巧点拨2：有些议论文的开头在讲故事？
1. 引出主题 introduce the topic
2. 引起兴趣 increase the readers' interest
能力训练2：掌握论点和论据的关系
3. 充当论据 serve as an evidence
技巧点拨3：开头的论点一定是作者论点吗？
不一定，有时是作者要反对的论点。
一、议论文3要素
1. 论点(opinion/conclusion)
2. 论据(facts/evidence)
3. 论证(argument)
“怎么看？”
“凭什么？”
“怎么说？”
3. 论证 (argument)
常见的论证方式：
(1) 举例论证(by giving examples)
(2) 对比论证(by comparison; by comparing A with B)
(3) 道理论证(by quoting; by quoting sb's comments)
(4) 比喻论证(by using metaphor)
举例论证
舜发于畎亩之中，傅说举于版筑之间，胶鬲举于鱼盐之中，管夷吾举于士，孙叔敖举于海，百里奚举于市。
故天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。
人恒过，然后能改；困于心，衡于虑，而后作；征于色，发于声，而后喻。入则无法家拂士，出则无敌国外患者，国恒亡。
然后知生于忧患而死于安乐也。
对比论证
锲而舍之，朽木不舍；锲而不舍，金石可镂。
道理论证
很多人把特别聪明成功的人叫“天才”，投去羡慕的眼光，他们却万万没有想到所谓天才，也是经过磨练而造就的。
爱因斯坦先生曾经说过：“天才是百分之九十九的汗水加百分之一的灵感。”天才的聪明只占了成功的1%，说明天才绝大部分靠的是努力，和不断的创新所产生出来的。
要想成为所谓的天才，可以分为五个阶段。
……
比喻论证
……
积土成山，风雨兴焉；积水成渊，蛟龙生焉；积善成德，而神明自得，圣心备焉……
……
二、议论文结构
二、议论文结构
1. 总－分－总
2. 总－分
3. 分－总
没有分－分－分，也没有总－总－总
总－分－总的不同表现：
(1) 主体部分(即“分”的部分)并列
分论点并列。文章长这样
总－分－总的不同表现：
(1) 主体部分(即“分”的部分)并列
分论点并列。文章长这样
开头：提出中心论点、分论点
主体：
分论点1：论据＋分析论证
分论点2：论据＋分析论证
分论点3：论据＋分析论证
结尾：照应全文，重申论点
总－分－总的不同表现：
(1) 主体部分(即“分”的部分)并列
分论据并列。文章长这样
开头：提出论点
主体：
论据1＋分析论证
论据2＋分析论证
论据3＋分析论证
结尾：照应全文，重申论点
总－分－总的不同表现：
(3) 主体部分(即“分”的部分)正反对比
文章长这样
开头：提出中心论点、分论点
主体：
论点正：论据（事实、论据）＋小结
论点反：论据（事实、论据）＋小结
结尾：结论（评析照应）
三、议论文的应试指南
1. 题型：细节/主旨/推理/猜词皆可能考
2. 策略：找中心(即论点/观点)，读关键细节
3. 禁忌：死磕文章，不会概括，偏离中心
EXERCISE
After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, "Why Why Why "
Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don't have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.
"The great man," said Mencius (孟子), "is he who does not lose his child's heart." Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to weaken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven't any special ability Most people don't; there are only a few geniuses. You haven't any time That's good, because it's always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking. You're too old Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment.
1. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to _______.
A. propose a definition
B. make a comparison
C. reach a conclusion
D. present an argument
2. What does the example of Galileo tell us
A. Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.
B. Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.
C. Creativity results from challenging authority.
D. Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.
3. What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent
A. Observe the unknown around you.
B. Develop a questioning mind.
C. Lead a life of adventure.
D. Follow the fashion.
4. What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7
A. Gaining success helps you become an expert.
B. The genius tends to get things done creatively.
C. Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
D. You should remain modest when approaching perfection.
5. What could be the best title for the passage
A. Curious Minds Never Feel contented
B. Reflections on Human Nature
C. The Keys to Achievement
D. Never Too Late to Learn
Women are friendly. They often share with others. But men are more competitive. They are trying to improve their social status. Why Researchers have found it’s all due to the hormone oxytocin (荷尔蒙催生素). Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently.
Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it when falling in love or giving birth.
But in a former experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during a negative situation such as envy (嫉妒).
Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relations, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship.
Professor Ryan’s recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37. Half of the participants (参与者) received oxytocin. The other half received placebo (安慰剂).
After a week, the two groups switched with participants. They went through the same steps with the other material.
Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social behavior. Then they were asked to analyze the relations by answering some questions. The questions were about telling friendship from competition. And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions.
The results showed that, after treatment with oxytocin, men’s ability to correctly recognize competitive relations improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.
Professor Ryan thus concluded, “Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people’s abilities to better tell apart different social behaviors.”
1. What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text
A. Placebo B. Oxytocin
C. The gesture D. The social status
2.What can we learn from Professor Ryan’s former experiment
A. Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way.
B. Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.
C. Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others’ success.
D. Oxytocin improves our abilities to
3. Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment
A.To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social behavior.
B.To know the differences between friendship and competition.
C.To know people’s different abilities to answer questions.
D.To test people’s understanding of body language.
4.The author develops the text by _______.
A. explaining people’s behavior
B. describing his own experiences
C. telling apart sexual differences
D. discussing research experiments
议论文
以观点为中心的文章
一、议论文3要素
1. 论点(opinion/conclusion)
2. 论据(facts/evidence)
3. 论证(argument)
能力训练1
能力训练1：区分观点和事实
辣条（别名辣片）是一种以小麦粉和辣椒为主要原料、辅以一定量的食品添加剂制成的零食。
辣条是一种好吃的零食。
地球表面大部分是海洋。
掉进海洋里很可怕。
能力训练1：区分观点和事实
唐朝是中国历史上最强盛最辉煌的朝代。
唐朝是中国在公元618唐唐朝是618年—907年间的一个朝代。
能力训练1：区分观点和事实
Latiao is usually made from flour.
I like Latiao very much. We should all like Latiao.
能力训练1：区分观点和事实
Everyone should go and visit the Pacific Ocean.
The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean
on earth.
能力训练1：区分观点和事实
The Tang Dynasty was established by a great lord, Li Yuan.
Li Yuan was not as great as his son Li Shimin.
能力训练1：区分观点和事实
区分观点&事实方法提炼：
(1) 观点的3个特点 (以下属于 "或" 的关系)：
含有形容词(good, better, best, …)
含有意见倾向性 (think, feel, believe, in my
opinion,…)和概括总结性的词(always, never, …)
含有体现观点的情态动词(should, need to等)
能力训练1：区分观点和事实
区分观点&事实方法提炼：
(1) 观点的3个特点 (以下属于 "或" 的关系)：
含有形容词(good, better, best, beautiful…)
含有意见倾向性 (think, feel, believe, in my
opinion,…)和概括总结性的词(always, never, …)
含有体现观点的情态动词(should, need to等)
(2) 事实的特点：
表现的是数字、统计、科学、历史、非虚构等信息
能力训练1：区分观点和事实
（相当于公理、定理，只有真假，没有好坏，无需论证）
能力训练2
能力训练2：掌握论点和论据的关系
论 据
A. He is teaching in XDF.
B. He makes a lot of money every year.
C. He often donates
money to charities.
D. He often bargains
for a bag of Latiao.
XX is really mean.
论 点
能力训练2：掌握论点和论据的关系
论 据
连连看
A. It is named by Magellan.
B. It is an ocean mainly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
C. It is spectacular.
D. Not everyone is rich.
Everyone should go and visit the Pacific Ocean.
论 点
能力训练2：掌握论点和论据的关系
论点与论据的关系：相辅相成
若：文章论点句子简单生词少能读懂
不看论据
若：文章论点句子复杂生词多看不懂
要看论据
1. XX是一个极其髝 的人。每天为了省下坐地铁
的钱，他居然跑10公里去上班；跟别人聚餐，从来
不出钱让别人出；在学校小卖部买包辣条，还要跟
小卖部老板讨价还价。
2. 我们要做一个善良的人。当我们圀 鱳的时候，要
扶一扶老爷爷髝 ；当我们看到迷路的小朋友，
要儑韡他，簤他回家；当我们看到鴮斚 嶲的流浪
者，要瞉寙綂 ，提供一点沴趖 瞉的帮助。
技巧点拨1：论点必在重要位置
(重要位置：标题；首尾段；段首句；段末句)
3种作用：
技巧点拨2：有些议论文的开头在讲故事？
1. 引出主题 introduce the topic
2. 引起兴趣 increase the readers' interest
能力训练2：掌握论点和论据的关系
3. 充当论据 serve as an evidence
技巧点拨1：论点必在重要位置
(重要位置：标题；首尾段；段首句；段末句)
3种作用：
技巧点拨2：有些议论文的开头在讲故事？
1. 引出主题 introduce the topic
2. 引起兴趣 increase the readers' interest
能力训练2：掌握论点和论据的关系
3. 充当论据 serve as an evidence
技巧点拨3：开头的论点一定是作者论点吗？
不一定，有时是作者要反对的论点。
一、议论文3要素
1. 论点(opinion/conclusion)
2. 论据(facts/evidence)
3. 论证(argument)
“怎么看？”
“凭什么？”
“怎么说？”
3. 论证 (argument)
常见的论证方式：
(1) 举例论证(by giving examples)
(2) 对比论证(by comparison; by comparing A with B)
(3) 道理论证(by quoting; by quoting sb's comments)
(4) 比喻论证(by using metaphor)
举例论证
舜发于畎亩之中，傅说举于版筑之间，胶鬲举于鱼盐之中，管夷吾举于士，孙叔敖举于海，百里奚举于市。
故天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。
人恒过，然后能改；困于心，衡于虑，而后作；征于色，发于声，而后喻。入则无法家拂士，出则无敌国外患者，国恒亡。
然后知生于忧患而死于安乐也。
对比论证
锲而舍之，朽木不舍；锲而不舍，金石可镂。
道理论证
很多人把特别聪明成功的人叫“天才”，投去羡慕的眼光，他们却万万没有想到所谓天才，也是经过磨练而造就的。
爱因斯坦先生曾经说过：“天才是百分之九十九的汗水加百分之一的灵感。”天才的聪明只占了成功的1%，说明天才绝大部分靠的是努力，和不断的创新所产生出来的。
要想成为所谓的天才，可以分为五个阶段。
……
比喻论证
……
积土成山，风雨兴焉；积水成渊，蛟龙生焉；积善成德，而神明自得，圣心备焉……
……
二、议论文结构
二、议论文结构
1. 总－分－总
2. 总－分
3. 分－总
没有分－分－分，也没有总－总－总
总－分－总的不同表现：
(1) 主体部分(即“分”的部分)并列
分论点并列。文章长这样
总－分－总的不同表现：
(1) 主体部分(即“分”的部分)并列
分论点并列。文章长这样
开头：提出中心论点、分论点
主体：
分论点1：论据＋分析论证
分论点2：论据＋分析论证
分论点3：论据＋分析论证
结尾：照应全文，重申论点
总－分－总的不同表现：
(1) 主体部分(即“分”的部分)并列
分论据并列。文章长这样
开头：提出论点
主体：
论据1＋分析论证
论据2＋分析论证
论据3＋分析论证
结尾：照应全文，重申论点
总－分－总的不同表现：
(3) 主体部分(即“分”的部分)正反对比
文章长这样
开头：提出中心论点、分论点
主体：
论点正：论据（事实、论据）＋小结
论点反：论据（事实、论据）＋小结
结尾：结论（评析照应）
三、议论文的应试指南
1. 题型：细节/主旨/推理/猜词皆可能考
2. 策略：找中心(即论点/观点)，读关键细节
3. 禁忌：死磕文章，不会概括，偏离中心
EXERCISE
After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, "Why Why Why "
Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don't have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.
"The great man," said Mencius (孟子), "is he who does not lose his child's heart." Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to weaken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven't any special ability Most people don't; there are only a few geniuses. You haven't any time That's good, because it's always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking. You're too old Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment.
1. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to _______.
A. propose a definition
B. make a comparison
C. reach a conclusion
D. present an argument
2. What does the example of Galileo tell us
A. Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.
B. Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.
C. Creativity results from challenging authority.
D. Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.
3. What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent
A. Observe the unknown around you.
B. Develop a questioning mind.
C. Lead a life of adventure.
D. Follow the fashion.
4. What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7
A. Gaining success helps you become an expert.
B. The genius tends to get things done creatively.
C. Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
D. You should remain modest when approaching perfection.
5. What could be the best title for the passage
A. Curious Minds Never Feel contented
B. Reflections on Human Nature
C. The Keys to Achievement
D. Never Too Late to Learn
Women are friendly. They often share with others. But men are more competitive. They are trying to improve their social status. Why Researchers have found it’s all due to the hormone oxytocin (荷尔蒙催生素). Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently.
Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it when falling in love or giving birth.
But in a former experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during a negative situation such as envy (嫉妒).
Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relations, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship.
Professor Ryan’s recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37. Half of the participants (参与者) received oxytocin. The other half received placebo (安慰剂).
After a week, the two groups switched with participants. They went through the same steps with the other material.
Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social behavior. Then they were asked to analyze the relations by answering some questions. The questions were about telling friendship from competition. And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions.
The results showed that, after treatment with oxytocin, men’s ability to correctly recognize competitive relations improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.
Professor Ryan thus concluded, “Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people’s abilities to better tell apart different social behaviors.”
1. What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text
A. Placebo B. Oxytocin
C. The gesture D. The social status
2.What can we learn from Professor Ryan’s former experiment
A. Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way.
B. Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.
C. Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others’ success.
D. Oxytocin improves our abilities to
3. Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment
A.To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social behavior.
B.To know the differences between friendship and competition.
C.To know people’s different abilities to answer questions.
D.To test people’s understanding of body language.
4.The author develops the text by _______.
A. explaining people’s behavior
B. describing his own experiences
C. telling apart sexual differences
D. discussing research experiments