Unit 1 Back to school Grammar--Project 导学案（含答案）-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版（2019）必修第一册

江苏译林版高一必修第一册Unit 1 词汇导学案（II）
必修一 Unit1 Back to school: Grammar—Project
【学习目标】
1. Learn some important words and phrases;
2. Apply them in various ways.
核心单词拓展
1. base vt. 以...为基础 (依据) n. 根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营→basis n. 基础；基准；原因→basic adj. 基础的→basically adv. 大体上；基本上；总的来说；从根本上来说
2. propose v. 提议，建议→proposal n. 提议，建议，动议
3. aim n. 目的，目标 vi.&vt. 力争做到；目的是；针对→aimless adj. 漫无目的的→aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地
4. host n. 主人；东道主；主持人 vt. 主办；主持→hostess n. 女主人
5. contribute vt. 贡献；促成；造成→contribution n. 贡献；捐款；捐赠
6. fortune n. 运气；命运；财富→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地，幸亏→unfortunate adj.不幸的，遗憾的→unfortunately adv.不幸地
7. option n.可选择的事物，选择；选修课→optional adj.可选择的
8. attract vt.吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起（反应）→attractive adj.吸引人的→attraction n.吸引（力）；吸引人的事
二、核心短语
1.关注 pay attention to sth./doing sth.
2.管理你的时间 manage your time
3.取得进步 make progress/advances
4.过着快乐的生活live a happy life
5.以..为基础be based on=be on the basis of
6.由于… 结果as a result of
结果 as a result,…
导致result in
由..引起 result from
7.使你集中注意力 keep you focused
8.坚持 stick to sth./doing sth.
9.提醒某人某事 remind sb. of sth.
10.保持积极乐观stay positive
11.还清债务;报复；结清工资解雇;成功pay off
12.报名参加 sign up for
13.举起;张贴;投宿put up
14.使读者同意你的观点get the readers to agree to your idea
15.在..方面, 就..而言in terms of
16.作为一个交换生as a exchange student
17.和某人相处融洽 get on well with sb.
18..与..不同be different from=differ from
19.对某人来说做某事很困难it’s tough for sb. to do
20.贡献make contributions to sth./doing sth.
21.贡献;有助于，促成；捐献［赠］；投稿；contribute to
22.习惯于作某事be used to doing
过去常常做某事 used to do
23.实现come true
24.和某人交朋友 make friends with sb.
25.体验不同的生活方式experience different ways of life
26. 铺开,展开;布置,设计lay out
27.选修课 optional courses
28.练习做某事 practice doing sth.
29.有做某事的潜力have the potential to do
30. 随着时间流逝，久而久之over time
31.挑战某人做某事 challenge sb. to do
32.对..有正面的影响have positive effects on
33.不遗余力做某事 spare no effort to do
34.提前 in advance/ahead of time/beforehand
35.令某人惊奇的是 to one’s amazement
36.等同;胜任be equal to
37.对...的态度attitude towards
38.均衡的饮食 a balanced diet
39.责任感 a sense of responsibility
40.独立于 be independent of sth.
41.详细地 in detail
42.旨在 be aimed at
43.别无选择只能做某事 have no option but to do
44.旅游景点 a tourist attraction
45.精通 acquire a knowledge of sth
三、重点词汇学习
1.focus n.焦点，重点 [singular/un] vt/vi. 集中，对焦
【归纳总结】
the focus of attention 关注的焦点
sth come into focus | bring sth into focus 成为焦点/使某事成为焦点
in focus/out of focus 〔照片/相机等〕对焦/失焦
focus your attention/mind/energy on/upon sth 把你的注意力集中在某事上
focus on/upon sth （synonym(同义词）: concentrate/center on） 专注于某事antonym反义词 distract from 例：Noise distracts from work.（噪音让人无法专注工作。
【例句巩固】
It was the main focus of attention at the meeting.
We shall maintain our focus on the needs of the customer.
The incident brought the problem of violence in schools into sharp focus.
The children's faces are badly out of focus in the photograph.
The discussion focused on three main problems.
We need to focus public attention on this issue.
With her mind focused (focus) on her work, she didn’t pay attention to what had happened.
focus the camera on the kids
2. detail n. 细节；具体情况 vt. 详细说明，详述
【归纳总结】
for further/more details 欲知详情 in detail 详细地（放在句末做状语）
go into detail(s) 详细叙述 detailed adj. 详细/尽的
for further details 欲知详情
give a detailed description/account/analysis of sth 详细说明/描述/分析某事
【例句巩固】
every detail of her trip
For further details, please contact me.
He described the process in detail.
The report details the progress we have made over the last year.
3. as a result of 由于
【归纳总结】
as a result/consequence of sth = on account of / due to / owing to 因为（后接短语）
as a result/consequence, 句子。 因此，…（后接句子）
result from +原因
result in +结果（give rise to/ contribute to/lead to/cause/ bring about）
【例句巩固】
He worked very hard. As a result, he had his English improved.
－He had his English improved as a result of working hard.
The talks resulted in reducing the number of missiles.
We are still dealing with problems resulting from errors made in the past.
巧学活用: 同义句改写
He was lazy so he failed.
=1.He failed _____as a result of ____ his laziness.
=2.He was lazy. _____ As a result _____ , he failed.
=3.His laziness ____3. resulted in ___ his failure.
=4.His failure ___4.resulted from____ his laziness.
4.tip n.提示, 技巧；尖端；顶, 尖端, 梢, 倾斜, 轻击, 末端, 小费, 秘密消息
vt.在...顶端装附加物, 使倾斜, 使翻倒, 暗示, 轻击, 给, 泄露, 给小费
vi.倾斜, 翻倒, 倾覆, 踮脚走, 给小费
【归纳总结】
a tip on/for doing sth 做某事的建议
on the tip of your tongue 话在嘴边上（却一时想不起来）
the tip of the iceberg （问题的）冰山一角，端倪
【例句巩固】
useful tips on how to save money 几个省钱的窍门儿
the tips of your fingers 手指尖
I tipped the bottle over and it broke.
give/ offer the waiter a large/generous/big tip
base n.底部, 基础, 根据地, 基地, 本部, 基数, (运动)出发点
vt.以...作基础, 基于（依据） adj.卑鄙的, 低级的
【归纳总结】
lay the base/foundation for sth 为…打基础
base A on/upon B= A be based on B 把A建立在B之上
【例句巩固】 an air base
at the base of the mountain
That company has offices all over the world, but their base is in Paris.
They were laying the base for a new economic recovery.
One should always base one's opinions on facts.
Their relationship was based upon mutual respect.
【延伸拓展】
basic adj. 基础的 basically adv. 基础地 basic research 基础研究
basis n.基础, 根据, 基底 bases（pl.）
on the basis of sth在某事基础上；根据某事 on a regular /weekly basis定期/每周
She was chosen for the job on the basis of her kindness. 她因心地善良而被选做这项工作。
巧学活用: 单句语法填空
1.This is a film ___based __ (base) on a novel with the same name.
2.___Based _ (base) on a novel with the same name, the film is a success.
3. __Basing__(base)your opinions on facts, you can be objective.
6. remind vt. 提醒，使想起 reminder n. 暗示; 提醒者[物], 令人回忆的东西, 纪念品
【归纳总结】
remind sb of sth 使某人想起…；提醒某人某事
remind sb (not) to do sth 提醒某人（不）做某事
remind sb (that)…
keep sb reminded of sth/that … 使某人想起某事
【例句巩固】
The audience was reminded to turn their cell phones off in the theatre.
He put up a picture of his favorite star beside the bed to keep himself reminded of his own dreams.
7. stick to 坚持；固守，维持 (stick-stuck-stuck)
【归纳总结】
stick to (doing) sth 坚持(做)某事
stick to one’s dream/ word 坚持某人的梦想/坚守诺言
stick to one’s decision/principles/ the rules 坚持自己的决定/原则/规则
stick to one’s the point/subject/facts 紧扣主题/题目/事实
stick to the path/road 沿着小径/大路等走〔以免迷路〕
get/be stuck in the traffic/mud 堵车/陷入泥潭
【例句巩固】
Everyone said it was an impossible plan, but she stuck to carrying it out and succeeded.
8. proposal n. 提议，建议，动议
【归纳总结】
come up with a proposal 想出一个建议
put forward a proposal for/to do sth 提出做某事的建议。
approve of /accept a proposal 批准/接受提案
reject a proposal 否决提议
【例句巩固】
The committee put forward a proposal to reduce the time limit.
【延伸拓展】
propose vt.建议 propose doing sth 建议做某事
propose that Sb (should) do It is proposed that Sb (should) do 建议某人做…
【例句巩固】
She proposed that the book should be banned. 她提议查禁这本书。
In his speech he proposed that the UN should set up an emergency centre for the environment.
巧学活用: 单句语法填空
①His proposal that the system___(should) be changed ____(change) was rejected.
②He proposed __changing___(change) the name of the company.
9. aim n. 目的，目标 vi/vt. 力争做到；目的是；针对；瞄准
【归纳总结】
achieve one’s aim 实现某人的目标
with the aim of sth= for the purpose of sth 为了
take aim at ... 瞄准
aim to do/aim at doing sth 力求做到某事
be aimed at (doing) sth 旨在，目的是
be aimed at sb 针对；对象是
with the aim of 以...为目的
【例句巩固】 aim the gun at her head
With all the aims he set for himself achieved（achieve) , he decided to take a holiday to relax himself.
He came to China with the aim of acquiring a good knowledge of Chinese.
Alan took aim at the target. 艾伦瞄准了目标。
These measures are aimed at preventing violent crime. 这些措施旨在防止暴力犯罪。
The book is aimed at very young children.
【延伸拓展】
aimless adj. 无目标的 aimlessly adv.漫无目的
巧学活用: 单句语法填空
①The new toy ____aimed___ (aim) at children has been a surprise hit with adults.
②__Aimed ___(aim) at improving the taste of life, this fashion manual has been popular with youngsters.
③They are__ aiming __(aim) to reduce unemployment by 50%.
10. style n. 风格；方式；样式 in/out of style时髦的/过时的
11. technique n. 技巧，技艺；技能 marketing techniques 营销技巧
12. professional adj. 职/专业的;有职业的;娴熟的,精通业务的 n. 专门人员，专业人士
【例句巩固】
seek professional help
professional knowledge
health professionals
This business plan looks very professional.
【延伸拓展】
profession n. 行业，职业 go into / enter/join a profession 加入一个行业
13. material n. 材料；素材 adj. 物质的，实际的；客观存在的
【例句巩固】 raw material原料 the material world物质世界
14. secondary adj. 中学的；次要的
【归纳总结】
secondary education 中学教育
be secondary to 居于其次
second to none 不亚于任何人[事物]，首屈一指
【例句巩固】
Writing was always secondary to spending time with my family.
a question of secondary importance 次要问题
As a dancer, he is second to none. 作为舞者，他是首屈一指的。
15. exchange n/vt. 交换；交流；兑换
【归纳总结】
in exchange for sth 交换…
an exchange of sth …的交换/交流
exchange A for B 把A兑换/更换/调换成B
exchange sth with sb 和某人交换/交流……
【例句巩固】
an exchange student
exchange of fire/gunfire
exchange rate 汇率
Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera
We need to promote an open exchange of ideas and information.
Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds
He exchanged the black jacket for a blue one.
I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager.
16. host n. 主人；东道主；主持人(hostess女主人/女主持人) vt. 主办/持
【归纳总结】
play host to sth 接待/主办（某事）
a (whole) host of people/things 许多人/大量某物
【例句巩固】
host country/government /family
a game show host
The college is playing host to a group of visiting scientists.
South Africa hosted the World Cup finals.
17. biology n. 生物学 biologist 生物学家 biological adj. 生物/与生物有关的(~ parents)
18. tough adj. 艰难的;严厉的;坚强的;坚固的;(肉) 难切开的,嚼不烂的,老的
(comparative tougher, superlative toughest)
【归纳总结】
go through a tough time 经历艰难的时期
be tough on sb 对某人严厉
as tough as nails 坚如磐石;硬如铁钉
as tough as old boots 非常坚韧;十分耐用
【例句巩固】
My mother was very tough on my sister.
tough, durable plastic
The meat was tough and hard to chew.
He’s as tough as nails when it comes to negotiating—he never backs down.（他谈判时非常强硬，从不退让。）
After surviving that accident, she’s as tough as nails.（经历那场事故后，她变得异常坚韧。）
My grandfather is 80 but still works on the farm every day—he’s as tough as old boots.（我爷爷80岁了还每天在农场干活，身体硬朗得很。）
【延伸拓展】
toughly adv. toughness un.
toughen vt/vi 使）变坚韧；（使）变坚强
19. alarm n. 闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 vt. 使惊恐/害怕
【归纳总结】
in alarm 惊慌地（常用作状语） raise/sound the alarm 发警报
【例句巩固】
a burglar/fire/smoke alarm
an alarm system
The cat set off the alarm (= made it start ringing) .
Car alarms are always going off in the street.
She looked up in alarm.
I don’t want to alarm you, but I can’t find the key.
【延伸拓展】
alarmed adj. 担忧的；恐慌的 alarming adj. 令人担忧/恐慌的
【例句巩固】
Many people are alarmed by/at the increase in pollution.
The rainforest is disappearing at an alarming rate.
①The little girl was __alarmed __ (alarm) at the snake.
②I turned __ in __ alarm as the wind blew the door open.
③The boy was alarmed___to see ___(see) the bear walking to him.
④ We ___were alarmed _ at the _alarming_ scream as the scream did alarm us. (alarm)
20. contribution n. 贡献；捐款；捐赠；（书/杂志）稿件
【归纳总结】
make a contribution/ contributions to sth 为……做贡献
【例句巩固】
make a contribution/ contributions to society/ charity 为社会做贡献/为慈善事业捐款
a magazine with contributions from well-known travel writers 由著名旅行作家写稿的杂志
【延伸拓展】
Contribute v. 捐献/助/赠; 促成,造成; (给报纸/杂志)撰/投稿
contribute (sth) to sth 为……捐款/投稿
contribute to 促成，导致
【例句巩固】
We contributed (money) to the earthquake fund.
She contributed (a host of articles) to the magazine.
The heavy rain contributed to the delay of the flight.
fortunately adv. 幸运地,幸亏(luckily)
【例句巩固】
Fortunately for him, he was very soon offered another job.
【延伸拓展】
fortunate adj. 幸运的(lucky) fortunately adv.幸运地 unfortunate adj. 不幸运的 unfortunately adv.不幸运地 fortune n.大笔的钱/财富(cn) ; 运气(un); 时运/命运cn/un.
【归纳总结】
be fortunate in doing sth.因做某事感到幸运
be fortunate to do sth.有幸做某事
make a fortune发财, 赚钱 seek one’s fortune 寻出路
try one’s fortune 碰运气 have the good/bad fortune 运气好/不好
tell one’s fortune 给某人算命
misfortune n.不幸un; 不幸的事故cn
巧学活用：单句语法填空
①He felt ___fortunate _(fortune) that the interviewer spoke highly of him during the interview.
② __ Fortunately ___(fortunate), she promised me an interview chance.
③I was fortunate _to enjoy___(enjoy) such attractive scenery in your hometown.
单句写作
④Knowing that it was easy to find diamonds in the desert,he went there to__ try his fortune______（碰运气）.
22. over time 随着时间流逝，久而久之
【例句巩固】
Over time, the effects will spread.
归纳拓展
in time及时；终于；迟早
in time for sth.赶上某事
in no time立即；马上 (相当于at once或immediately, 用于句首不倒装)
at one time曾经；一度
at no time从不；决不 (用在句首时, 句子要部分倒装)
at a time每次；一次
巧学活用：单句语法填空
① You must get there ___in ___time even if the weather should change.
②At_____no time should we give in to difficulties.
③Do one thing at___ a __time and do it well.
④___over _time, you will learn from your mistakes and discover the key issues.
同义句改写
As time__goes__ (go) by, the effects will spread=With time ___going_ (go) by, the effects will spread.
23. option n. 可选择的事物，选择；选修课
【归纳总结】
have the option of doing sth．有……的选择
a wide range of options =a variety of options=various options
have no option/choice but to do sth 别无选择只能做…
【例句巩固】
She had the option of staying for an extra year. 她可以选择再逗留一年。
I had no option but to reject his proposal. 我别无选择，只能拒绝他的提议。
【延伸拓展】
optional adj. 可选择/非强制的 optional courses选修课
compulsory adj. 规定/强制/义务的 compulsory courses 必修课
巧学活用：单句语法填空
①As I see it, we have two__options__(option).
②Going to college was not__ an __option for me.
③I have no option but_to ask ___(ask)him to leave.
④Certain courses are compulsory; others are_optional__(option).
24.butter n. 黄油
Bread and butter is (be) what Americans usually have for breakfast.
bread and butter：除了字面意思，还可指“”（视为整体生活保障）
bread and butter n. [ U]黄油面包片;生计、主要收入来源
a piece of bread and butter一块黄油面包
25. attract vt. 吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起（反应）
【归纳总结】
attract sb to sth 吸引某人到……上
attract (one’s) attention/interest 吸引(某人的)注意/兴趣
attract criticism 招致批评
【例句巩固】
What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel.
The story has attracted a lot of interest from the media.
【延伸拓展】
attractive adj. 诱人/有吸引力的 an attractive voice 有魅力的声音
attraction n. 喜爱；吸引人之物；吸引力 a tourist attraction 旅游景点
巧学活用: 单句语法填空
①__Attracted ____(attract)by the beautiful music, he had no option but to step into the shop.
②With his attention __attracted __(attract) by the fantastic view, he decided to stay for another two days.
③.The book is ___attractive ___(attract) to young people.
④ It is natural for people to be attracted _ to __ beautiful things.
⑤That's why I recommend the tourist____ attraction_(attract) to you.
巩固练习：
一、根据汉语或首字母提示填空
1. Tell me the main points now; leave the d________ till later.
2. Most of the people on the course were ________ (职业的) women.
3. The f________ of our discussion today is how to protect natural resources.
4. The cartoon on the ________ (海报) was drawn by my friend Jacky.
5. I was wondering whether my ________ (提议) would be accepted.
6. With the help of his teammates, his ________ (技术) has improved a lot over the past three years.
7. Have you thought about having your hair in a shorter s________
8. I like to read and fill my brain with knowledge, so finding m________ for writing is easy for me.
9. The following t________ can help if you have some of these worries.
10. Beijing will be the h________ of the next Olympic Winter Games.
11. The audience hurried to the exit in panic when the a_______ sounded.
12. What first ________ (吸引) me to her was her sense of humour.
13. He made a very positive c________ to the success of the project.
14. The forum promotes an open ________ (交流) of ideas and information.
15. They think that the result is of only ________ (次要的) importance while experience is what matters.
1details 2.professional 3.focus 4.poster 5.proposal 6.technique. 7.style 8.material 9.tips. 10.host 11.alarm. 12.attracted 13. contribution 14. exchange 15. secondary.
巧学活用答案:
3.1.as a result of 2.As a result 3. resulted in 4.resulted from）
5.based 2.Based 3.Basing
8. ①.(should) be changed ②.changing
9.①aimed ②Aimed ③ aiming
19.①alarmed ②in ③to see ④were alarmed ;alarming
21..①fortunate ②Fortunately ③to enjoy ④try his fortune
22.①in ②At ③a ④over 同义句改写goes;going
23.①options ②an ③to ask ④optional
25..①Attracted ②attracted ③attractive ④ to ⑤attraction
巩固练习答案:
一、details, professional, focus, poster, proposal, technique, style, material, tips, host, alarm, attracted, contribution, exchange, secondary.
二、1. to study 2. begins 3. subjects 4. it 5. especially
6. contribution 7. helpful 8. but 9. What 10. acting
三、1. It’s very dangerous for young children to cross the busy street alone.
2. The lecture was so boring that I couldn’t focus my attention on it all the time.
3. Tough the students come from different backgrounds, they get on very well.
4. I am working hard on knowledge and skills, hoping I can make a contribution to our nation in the
future as well.
5. This activity is aimed at improving students’ speaking and listening.
【迁移巩固】
请根据句意或所给提示词或首字母用适当形式填空。(本单元的词)
1. The young member made several proposals (proposal), but none of them were considered to be practical or acceptable.
2. He stuck his goal on his desk to remind (remind) himself never to waste time.
3. Your goal should be down to earth, based (base) on your abilities and skills.
4. Fortunately, the rain stopped before we started.
5. China ought to make a greater contribution to humanity.
6. The role of a host is to create a welcoming and enjoyable environment for their guests.
7. Biology is the science which is concerned with the study of living thing including plants and animals.
8. It can be tough trying to achieve a balance between a career and a family.
9. Students should be offered a number of options for after-school activities including calligraphy (书法), sports and dance.
10. What first attracted me to her was her sense of humor.