2026届高考英语二轮复习：主谓一致课件(共25张PPT)

(共25张PPT)
第六讲 主谓一致
主谓一致：谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致
考点1：语法一致原则
谓语的单复数和主语的单复数形式要一致。
主语单数，谓语动词就用单数，
主语复数，谓语动词就用复数。
注意：
1.不可数名词、单数名词或不定代词、动词不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
The water is dirty.(不可数名词)
This book is mine.(单数名词)
Each student has a bed.(不定代词)
To see is to believe.(动词不定式)
Smoking is bad for health.(动名词)
What you need is to have a good sleep.(主语从句)
【特殊用法】
what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。
但若从句后的表语是复数形式或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
What you need is to have a good sleep.
What I bought were three English books.
What I say and what I think are none of your business.
2.and 或 both…and… 连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。
He and I are classmates.
Both John and Ann have got books.
【特殊用法】
(1) 并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）
Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.
The manager and secretary is here.
(2)and 连接的单数主语前如果分别被each、every等修饰，其谓语用单数形式。
In our country, every boy and every girl has the right to receive an education.
3. 当主语后接（together）with、 as well as、except、besides、including等短语时，谓语与前面的主语一致。
An English teacher, with some student ,has climbed to the top of the mountain.
Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.
4. 在定语从句中，关系代词that、who、which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。
如：This is a school that has many students.
Sandy likes the actors who are popular among the teenagers.
注意：在以“one of the +复数名词”为先行词的定语从句中，从句谓语用复数，当“one of the +复数名词”前有the only、the very之类的词修饰时，从句谓语用单数。
如：Bob is one of my friends who help me with English.
He is the only one of the officials who was invited to the party.
4. “a lot of/the rest of/some of/most of/all of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要和of后面的名词保持一致。
如：Some of the sugar is wet.
The rest of the students are from Class 5.
注意：（1）当all 单独作主语时，表示“人”时，谓语用复数，表示“整个事件或情况”时，谓语用单数。
如：All are present.
All is well.
(2)“a number of+复数名词”意为“许多”作主语时，谓语用复数，“the number of+复数名词”意为“...的数量”作主语时，谓语用单数。
如：A number of buildings were burnt down.
The number of students in our school is 2500.
5. 由“分数/百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要和of后面的名词/代词保持一致。
30 percent of the students in our class are girls.
70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
考点2：意义一致原则
1.谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在含义
也就是说，有时主语名词在虽然是单数，却有着复数意义，其后的谓语动词便用复数。反之亦如此。
(1).形单意复的名词，如 people、police、等作主语时，将其当作复数看待，谓语动词在任何情况下都用复数形式。
The police are searching for a student in that mountain.
The people are talking over there.
(2). 某些形复意单的名词（如地名、国名及组织、书籍、报刊等专有名词和学科名词等）作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。
Physics is a difficult subject.
News is spreading fast nowadays.
（3）. army、class、family、等集体名词作主语时，当主语被看作一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；当主语被看作其中的个体成员时，谓语动词就用复数形式。
Our class is better than any other classes in our school.
Our class are playing a basketball match tomorrow.
Our family is not poor anymore.
My family all speak English.
【特殊用法】
population单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；而当其前面有some、most修饰或与分数/百分数连用作主语时，其谓语动词用复数形式
The population in the country is very large.
Eighty percent of the population are farmers.
（4）. 当一些由两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如 glasses、trousers、shoes、chopsticks、scissors、socks.
Your trousers are so cool.
My glasses are new.
但如果这些名词前有...pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动的数与pair 保持一致。
A pair of new shoes is in your suitcase.
Two pairs of socks are enough for me.
考点2：意义一致原则
（5）. 当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等的数词短语作主语时，主语通常被看作是一个整体，其谓语动词应用单数形式。
Twenty years is a long time to us.
One hundred dollars is enough.
（6）. 当主语是“the +形容词”时，如果表示一类人，谓语用复数形式，如果表示个人，谓语用单数形式。
The old are taken good care of in our country.
The sick is my classmate.
考点3：就近一致原则
谓语动词的数由最近的主语而定
1. 当or、either…or…、neither…nor…、not only…but also…、not…but…等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的名词或代词。
Either you or Lily is to do the cleaning after supper.
Not only the mother but also the children were there.
Not his parents but he doesn’t want to go.
2. 在there/here等引导的倒装句中，当其主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。
There is a desk and three chairs in the room.
There are three boys and one girl in the picture.
谓语动词用单数：
单数名词或代词、不定代词some-、any-、every-和each、either等、动词不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语；
and连接的并列主语表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时。
the number of+复数名词作主语/population单独作主语；
时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语作主语；
形复意单的名词（人名、地名、国名及组织、书籍、报刊、学科名词等）；
Conclusion
谓语动词用复数：
and 或 both…and… 连接并列主语时；
a number of+复数名词作主语；
形单意复的名词，如 people、police等作主语；
当一些由两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词如 glasses、shoes、等作主语 ；
Conclusion
谓语动词单？复数？
what引导的主从；
定从中，关系代词that、which、who作主语时；
a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of/the majority of/some of/many of/most of/all of+名词”构成的短语作主语；
分数/百分数+of+名词/代词”构成的短语作主语；
class、family、等集体名词作主语；
Conclusion
考点1：语法一致原则
1. A number of students ___ over there.
The number of students in our class _____ fifty.
A.is; are B.are;is C. are; are
2. About three-fifths of the work _____ done yesterday.
A. is B. was C. were
考点2：意义一致原则
3. Two months _____ quite a long time.
A. is B. are C. was
4. His family _____ all very kind and friendly. His family _____ a happy one.
A. are, is B. is, is C.is, are
考点3：就近一致原则 Page 44
5. There _____ a large bowl of jiaozi on the table.
A. is B. are C. was
6. Not only I but also Jane _____ tired of having one examination .
A. is B. are C. am
7. Neither your sister nor mine _____ the good news. Let’s tell them.
A. know B. knows C. knew
8. Everybody except Lucy and Lily _____ in the classroom when the teacher came in.
A. is B. were C. was