(共18张PPT)
be动词和实义动词核心区别总结
一、功能与含义的区别
1. Be动词:起连接作用,描述状态
Be动词(am, is, are, was, were, been),它把主语的状态、身份、特征或位置连接起来。它本身不表示任何动作。
连接主语和名词(表身份/类别):
She is a doctor. (她是一名医生。)
They are my friends. (他们是我的朋友。)
I am a student. (我是一个学生。)
连接主语和形容词(表状态/特征):
He is tall. (他是高的。)
The cake was delicious. (蛋糕是美味的。)
We are happy. (我们是开心的。)
连接主语和介词短语(表地点/位置):
The book is on the table. (书在桌子上。)
I was at home yesterday. (我昨天在家。)
一、功能与含义的区别
2. 实义动词表示:
表示具体的动作或行为。实义动词表示主语执行或承受的一个动作。
She teaches English. (她教英语。)- 对比:She is a teacher.
They play soccer every weekend. (他们每个周末都踢足球。)
The child ran quickly. (那个孩子跑得很快。)
表示心理活动:
I know the answer. (我知道答案。)- 对比:I am sure.
He loves music. (他热爱音乐。)
We think it's a good idea. (我们认为这是个好主意。)
表示拥有:
I have a car. (我有一辆车。)- 对比:The car is mine.
二、否定句的区别
1.Be动词:直接在be动词后面 + not。
He is happy. → He is not happy. (他不开心。)
They were here. → They were not here. (他们不在这里。)
I am late. → Iam not late. (我没迟到。)
2.实义动词:需要借助助动词do/does/did + not,后面的实义动词变回原形。
She likes coffee. → She does not like coffee. (她不喜欢咖啡。)
They live in London. → They do not live in London. (他们不住在伦敦。)
He finished his work. → He did not finish his work. (他没完成工作。)
三、疑问句的区别
Be动词:直接将be动词移到句首。
He is happy. →Is he happy (他开心吗?)
They were here. →Were they here (他们当时在这里吗?)
You are ready. →Are you ready (你准备好了吗?)
实义动词:需要在句首加上助动词 Do/Does/Did,后面的实义动词变回原形。
She likes coffee. →Does she like coffee (她喜欢咖啡吗?)
They live in London. →Do they live in London (他们住在伦敦吗?)
He finished his work. →Did he finish his work (他完成工作了吗?)
四、Be动词在进行时中的特殊用法
在进行时里作为助动词。,它和实义动词的现在分词(-ing)或过去分词(-ed)搭配使用。
1. 构成进行时态 (Continuous Tenses):be + V-ing
She is teaching a class now. (她现在正在上课。)- `is` 是助动词,`teaching` 是实义动词。
They were playing soccer when it rained. (下雨时他们正在踢足球。)
2. 构成被动语态 (Passive Voice):be + V-ed (过去分词)
English is taught by her. (英语是由她教授的。)- `is` 是助动词,`taught` 是实义动词的过去分词。
The window was broken by the boy. (窗户被那个男孩打碎了。)
五、在否定句中混淆(使用don't/doesn't否定be动词)
1. 错误: I don't happy.
分析: 形容词 `happy` 前面需要用be动词来连接,否定时在be动词后加not,而不是用don't。
正确: I am not happy.
2. 错误: She doesn't at home.
分析: 介词短语 `at home` 表示地点,前面需要用be动词,否定时用is not。
正确: She isn't at home.
3. 错误: They don't engineers.
分析: 名词 `engineers` 作表语,前面需要用be动词are来连接,否定时用are not。
正确: They aren't engineers.
五、在否定句中混淆(使用don't/doesn't否定be动词)
4. 错误: He doesn't interested in music.
分析: 形容词短语 `interested in` 前面需要用be动词。
正确: He isn't interested in music.
六、在疑问句中混淆(用Do/Does提问be动词句型)
5. 错误: Do you a teacher
分析: 询问身份(`a teacher`),主语和表语之间需要用be动词连接,提问时应将be动词提前。
正确: Are you a teacher
6. 错误: Does she busy now
分析: 询问状态(`busy`),需要用be动词is,提问时用Is she...
正确: Is she busy now
六、在疑问句中混淆(用Do/Does提问be动词句型)
7. 错误: Do they in the classroom
分析: 询问地点(`in the classroom`),需要用be动词are。
正确: Are they in the classroom
8. 错误: Does the book on the desk
分析: 询问位置(`on the desk`),需要用be动词is。
正确: Is the book on the desk
七、在肯定句中混淆
(1)遗漏Be动词(该用be动词却没用)
9. 错误: I very tired.
分析: 形容词 `tired` 不能直接作谓语,必须由be动词连接。
正确: I am very tired.
10. 错误: She a beautiful girl.
分析: 名词短语 `a beautiful girl` 作表语,必须由be动词连接。
正确: She is a beautiful girl.
11. 错误: The students in the library.
分析: 介词短语 `in the library` 表示地点,必须由be动词连接。
正确: The students are in the library.
12. 错误: This my book.
分析: 表示所属关系(`my book`),需要用be动词is连接。
正确: This is my book.
七、在肯定句中混淆
(2)在肯定句中误加Be动词(不该用be动词却用了)
13. 错误: I am have a dog.
分析: `have` 是实义动词"有",可以直接作谓语,前面不需要be动词。
正确: I have a dog.
14. 错误: He is work in Beijing.
分析: `work` 是实义动词"工作",直接作谓语。`is work` 是错误的结构,除非是进行时(is working)。
正确: He works in Beijing.
15. 错误: They are play basketball every day.
分析: `play` 是实义动词"玩",直接作谓语。`are play` 是错误的,进行时应该是are playing。
正确: They play basketball every day.
16. 错误: She is like singing.
分析: `like` 是实义动词"喜欢",直接作谓语。
正确: She likes singing.
八、混淆Be动词和Do的含义("是" vs "做")
17. 错误: What do you do I am a teacher.
分析: 回答正确,但问题常被混淆。第一个`do`是助动词,第二个`do`是实义动词"做"。
正确: (问) What do you do (答) I am a teacher.
混淆错误: What are you do
18. 错误: What did you are yesterday
分析: 询问过去做了什么动作,需要用助动词did+动词原形,be动词are不能用在这里。
正确: What did you do yesterday
19. 错误: I am my homework every day.
分析: "做作业"的"做"是实义动词`do`,不是be动词"是"。
正确: I do my homework every day.
九、在There be句型中混淆
20. 错误: There has a book on the desk.
分析: 表示"存在有"要用`There be`句型,而不是`have`(表示"拥有")。
正确: There is a book on the desk.
21. 错误: There are have many people in the park.
分析: `There are` 和 `have` 不能连用,语义重复。
正确: There are many people in the park.
十、在被动语态中混淆(被动语态Be动词+过去分词)
22. 错误: English speaks in many countries.
分析: 这里的意思是"英语被说",应该用被动语态(be + 过去分词)。
正确: English is spoken in many countries.
23. 错误: The window broke by the boy.
分析: 这里的意思是"窗户被男孩打碎了",应该用被动语态(was broken)。
正确: The window was broken by the boy.
十一、其他常见混淆
24. 错误: How are you do
分析: 询问方式,实义动词`do`前需要用助动词do。
正确: How do you do (正式问候) 或 How do you do it (询问方式)
25. 错误: I am want to go shopping.
分析: `want`是实义动词,直接作谓语,前面不需要be动词。
正确: I want to go shopping.
26. 错误: He is goes to school by bus.
分析: `goes`是谓语动词,前面不需要be动词。
正确: He goes to school by bus.
十一、其他常见混淆
27. 错误: They are usually eat lunch at 12.
分析: 表示习惯性动作,用一般现在时,`eat`是谓语动词,前面不需要be动词。
正确: They usually eat lunch at 12.
28. 错误: The food is taste good.
分析: `taste`在这里是系动词"尝起来",相当于be动词的作用,后面直接接形容词,不能再加be动词。
正确: The food tastes good.
十一、其他常见混淆
29. 错误: She is come from Canada.
分析: `come from`是动词短语"来自",直接作谓语。
正确: She comes from Canada.
30. 错误: I am agree with you.
分析: `agree`是实义动词"同意",直接作谓语。
正确: I agree with you.