2026届高考英语二轮复习：句子成分 课件(共26张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2026届高考英语二轮复习：句子成分 课件(共26张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 3.6MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-10-18 02:04:40 | ||
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文档简介
(共26张PPT)
句子成分
目录
Contents
主语 subject S
1
谓语 predicate V
2
宾语 object O
3
表语 predicative P
4
5
宾补 object complement C
6
7
定语 attributive Att
状语 adverbial A
8
同位语 appositive App
主语
什么是主语？
主语：动作的发出者，一般位于句首
一：主语
辨认：放在谓语动词之前的成分
① I love you.
② To see is to believe.
③ The flower smells great.
④ Being able to love you is the happiest thing in this world.
It is useful to learn English. it作形式主语
谓语
什么是谓语？
谓语：即谓语动词，表动作或状态，一般在主语后
二：谓语
辨认：谓语=动词=谓语动词，动词主要分为实义动词和系动词。
① I love you.
② To see is to believe.
③ The flower smells great.
④ Being able to love you is the happiest thing in this world.
实义动词：有实际动作含义的词。意思完整，能独立用作谓语
Eg：link（连接）， cancel（取消）， establish（建造）……
PS：抽象动词也被称为实义动词
比如：think， love
实义动词与系动词的区别
系动词：在句中起到连接作用。不能单独用作谓语，后面必须加表语，构成系表结构来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
Eg：She is a student.
She is beautiful.
She is going to be a teacher.
系动词的全称“连系动词”（Link Verb），起到把连接的作用，使得其前后成分出现在同一个句中。
宾语
什么是宾语？
宾语：动作的承受者,一般位于及物动词及介词后
三：宾语
辨认：放在实义动词之后的成分
① I love you.
② To see is to believe.
③ The flower smells great.
④ Being able to love you is the happiest thing in this world.
以上哪个句子中含有宾语？
表语
什么是表语？
表语：一般在系动词后，说明主语的身份、特征和状态
四：表语
辨认：放在系动词之后的成分
① I love you.
② To see is to believe.
③ The flower smells great.
④ Being able to love you is the happiest thing in this world.
以上哪个句子中含有表语？
常见的系动词有：
1、状态系动词： be动词（am is are was were）；
Eg：The doctor are very patient.
2、持续系动词：keep, remain, stay, lie, stand，continue, rest, hold等；
Eg：He always kept silent.
3、表像系动词：seem, look, appear等；
Eg：He seems very sad.
4、感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste等；
Eg：This kind of cloth feels very soft.
5、变化系动词：become, grow, turn, get, fall, go, come, run，make等；
Eg：She grew rich within a short time.
6、终止系动词：prove; turn out
Eg：He plan turned out a success.
I’m a freshman at senior high school.
The food tastes good.
The machine is under repair.
My dream is to be an English teacher.
My hobby is playing football.
The news is exciting. I feel excited.
The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
The war was over.
名词
形容词
介词短语
to do 不定式
动名词doing
现在分词doing/过去分词done
表语从句
副词
宾补
什么是宾补？
五：宾补
辨认：补充说明宾语的成分，位于宾语后面
① I find you beautiful.
②I consider him a liar.
③I hear her singing.
Tips：如果宾语和宾语之后成分加be动词后能够构成一个逻辑完整的句子，则宾语之后的成分为宾补。
You are beautiful.
He is a liar.
She is singing.
定语
什么是定语？
六：定语
辨认：起到形容词作用的成分。（……的）
① The little boy needs a blue pen.（形容词作定语）
② Two boys need two pens.（数词作定语）
③ His name is Tom. （代词或名词所有格作定语）
④ The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.（介词短语作定语）
⑤ There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.（名词作定语）
⑥ The boy there needs a pen.（副词作定语）
⑦The pen bought by her is made in China.（分词作定语）
定语：修饰名词或代词, 如果定语是由一个单词，通常要前置即前置定语；如果定语是一个词组或一个句子时，通常则后置即后置定语
状语
什么是状语？
七：状语
辨认：除去五大基本概念和形容词（定语）剩下的成分
① The boy needs a pen very much.（程度状语）
② In the classroom, the boy needs a pen.（地点状语）
③ Before his mother, Tom is always a boy.（条件状语）
④ Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen.（原因状语）
⑤ The boy needs a pen to do his homework.（目的状语）
⑥ Come this way! （方位状语）
状语：修饰动词、形容词、另外一个副词或整个句子, 说明动作的方式、时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、伴随等或形容词、副词的状态特征
同位语
什么是同位语？
八：同位语
辨认：在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词，对前者加以说明的成分。
① We students should study hard.
② We all are students.
③ Mr. Zhang, my English teacher, is very handsome.
④ He told me the news that our team won the game.
一句话搞懂英语八大句子成分
I saw my friend Jack dancing in the room and he was happy.
口诀助记八大句子成分:
_____________________________________________
谓语
宾语
同位语
宾补
状语
主
谓语（系动词）
表语
主语
定语
句子是一家，八人来帮它；主谓宾表补，定状同位语。
一：标出下列句子的主语：
① It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
② The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
③ There is an old man coming here.
④ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
⑤ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get B. longer C. days D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus
A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast
A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework
⑦ What I want to tell you is this.
A. want B. to tell C. you D. is
⑧ We had better send for a doctor.
A. We B. had C. send D. doctor
⑨ He is interested in music.
A. is B. interested C. in D. music
⑩ Whom did you give my book to
A. give B.did C. whom D. book
句子成分
目录
Contents
主语 subject S
1
谓语 predicate V
2
宾语 object O
3
表语 predicative P
4
5
宾补 object complement C
6
7
定语 attributive Att
状语 adverbial A
8
同位语 appositive App
主语
什么是主语？
主语：动作的发出者，一般位于句首
一：主语
辨认：放在谓语动词之前的成分
① I love you.
② To see is to believe.
③ The flower smells great.
④ Being able to love you is the happiest thing in this world.
It is useful to learn English. it作形式主语
谓语
什么是谓语？
谓语：即谓语动词，表动作或状态，一般在主语后
二：谓语
辨认：谓语=动词=谓语动词，动词主要分为实义动词和系动词。
① I love you.
② To see is to believe.
③ The flower smells great.
④ Being able to love you is the happiest thing in this world.
实义动词：有实际动作含义的词。意思完整，能独立用作谓语
Eg：link（连接）， cancel（取消）， establish（建造）……
PS：抽象动词也被称为实义动词
比如：think， love
实义动词与系动词的区别
系动词：在句中起到连接作用。不能单独用作谓语，后面必须加表语，构成系表结构来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
Eg：She is a student.
She is beautiful.
She is going to be a teacher.
系动词的全称“连系动词”（Link Verb），起到把连接的作用，使得其前后成分出现在同一个句中。
宾语
什么是宾语？
宾语：动作的承受者,一般位于及物动词及介词后
三：宾语
辨认：放在实义动词之后的成分
① I love you.
② To see is to believe.
③ The flower smells great.
④ Being able to love you is the happiest thing in this world.
以上哪个句子中含有宾语？
表语
什么是表语？
表语：一般在系动词后，说明主语的身份、特征和状态
四：表语
辨认：放在系动词之后的成分
① I love you.
② To see is to believe.
③ The flower smells great.
④ Being able to love you is the happiest thing in this world.
以上哪个句子中含有表语？
常见的系动词有：
1、状态系动词： be动词（am is are was were）；
Eg：The doctor are very patient.
2、持续系动词：keep, remain, stay, lie, stand，continue, rest, hold等；
Eg：He always kept silent.
3、表像系动词：seem, look, appear等；
Eg：He seems very sad.
4、感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste等；
Eg：This kind of cloth feels very soft.
5、变化系动词：become, grow, turn, get, fall, go, come, run，make等；
Eg：She grew rich within a short time.
6、终止系动词：prove; turn out
Eg：He plan turned out a success.
I’m a freshman at senior high school.
The food tastes good.
The machine is under repair.
My dream is to be an English teacher.
My hobby is playing football.
The news is exciting. I feel excited.
The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
The war was over.
名词
形容词
介词短语
to do 不定式
动名词doing
现在分词doing/过去分词done
表语从句
副词
宾补
什么是宾补？
五：宾补
辨认：补充说明宾语的成分，位于宾语后面
① I find you beautiful.
②I consider him a liar.
③I hear her singing.
Tips：如果宾语和宾语之后成分加be动词后能够构成一个逻辑完整的句子，则宾语之后的成分为宾补。
You are beautiful.
He is a liar.
She is singing.
定语
什么是定语？
六：定语
辨认：起到形容词作用的成分。（……的）
① The little boy needs a blue pen.（形容词作定语）
② Two boys need two pens.（数词作定语）
③ His name is Tom. （代词或名词所有格作定语）
④ The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.（介词短语作定语）
⑤ There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.（名词作定语）
⑥ The boy there needs a pen.（副词作定语）
⑦The pen bought by her is made in China.（分词作定语）
定语：修饰名词或代词, 如果定语是由一个单词，通常要前置即前置定语；如果定语是一个词组或一个句子时，通常则后置即后置定语
状语
什么是状语？
七：状语
辨认：除去五大基本概念和形容词（定语）剩下的成分
① The boy needs a pen very much.（程度状语）
② In the classroom, the boy needs a pen.（地点状语）
③ Before his mother, Tom is always a boy.（条件状语）
④ Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen.（原因状语）
⑤ The boy needs a pen to do his homework.（目的状语）
⑥ Come this way! （方位状语）
状语：修饰动词、形容词、另外一个副词或整个句子, 说明动作的方式、时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、伴随等或形容词、副词的状态特征
同位语
什么是同位语？
八：同位语
辨认：在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词，对前者加以说明的成分。
① We students should study hard.
② We all are students.
③ Mr. Zhang, my English teacher, is very handsome.
④ He told me the news that our team won the game.
一句话搞懂英语八大句子成分
I saw my friend Jack dancing in the room and he was happy.
口诀助记八大句子成分:
_____________________________________________
谓语
宾语
同位语
宾补
状语
主
谓语（系动词）
表语
主语
定语
句子是一家，八人来帮它；主谓宾表补，定状同位语。
一：标出下列句子的主语：
① It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
② The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
③ There is an old man coming here.
④ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
⑤ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get B. longer C. days D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus
A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast
A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework
⑦ What I want to tell you is this.
A. want B. to tell C. you D. is
⑧ We had better send for a doctor.
A. We B. had C. send D. doctor
⑨ He is interested in music.
A. is B. interested C. in D. music
⑩ Whom did you give my book to
A. give B.did C. whom D. book