Unit 5 The Value of Money Discovering Useful Structures课件(共43张PPT)人教版(2019)必修第三册

(共43张PPT)
仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而
Discovering Useful Structures
新人教必修三
Unit 5
The Value of Money
1. To learn about the different functions of modal verbs.
2. To be able to talk about future events in the past using “would do” and “was / were going to do”.
Part I
Modal verbs
情态动词
May we ask what you're doing in this country and what your plans are
I can't say that I have any plans.
You mustn't worry about that.
Could you offer me work here
Read the sentences below and pay attention to the usage of the red words:
Lead-in
Lead-in
Tell me as much as you can about modal verbs that you remember.
may / might
must / have to
shall / should
will / would
ought to
need / dare
can / could
modal verbs
Definition
情态动词
表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，表示可能、怀疑、允诺、愿望、义务、必要、猜测等的动词，用来给谓语动词增添情感，态度，语气等色彩。
注意：情态动词不能单独作谓语, 只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
Types
1.只作情态
动词的词
must
can
could
may
might
2.作情态动词也
可作实义动词
need
dare
3.可作情态动词
也可作助动词
would
will
should
shall
4.具有情态动词
的某些特征
ought to
have/has/had to
had better
used to
We use modal verbs to talk about
A. ability or will（能力或意愿）
B. prohibition（禁止）
C. making suggestions（建议）
D. certainty or inference（可能性或推断）
E. politeness or euphemism（客气或委婉）
F. obligations or expectations（义务或预期）
Functions
exercises
1. Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could live a month in London. (　 )
2. Young man, would you step inside a moment, please？(　　 )
3. May we ask what you’re doing in this country and what your plans are (　 )
4. Well, I can’t say that I have any plans.(　 　 )
5. Well, you mustn’t worry about that. (　 )
6. You mustn’t think we don’t care about you. ( )
7. Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me! (　　 )
8. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way. (　　 )
9. Oh, no, you’d better not open it. ( )
能力或意愿
客气或委婉
客气或委婉
能力或意愿
禁止
禁止
可能性或推断
义务或预期
建议
The comparison and conclusion of modal verbs
Usage
①can /could 表推测, 只能用在否定句或疑问句中，且此时could可能性比can小。
Eg：It’s so late. Can Tom be reading She couldn’t be telling lies.
*对过去发生的行为进行推测时，常用can/could have done的否定或疑问形式。
Eg: The door was locked. She couldn’t have been at home.
②can /could 表许可时，could语气更委婉。
Eg：Can(Could)I come in
Could(Can)I borrow your pen
③can /could 表能力，can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。
Eg：I can read this chinese article.
She could play the piano at the age of five.
*can表示能力时，还可以用be able to代替。be able to后接动词原形，可用于大多数时态。
Eg：I will be able to speak French in another few months.
1. can/could
can/could与be able to的区别
1. The man can/could speak two foreign languages.
2. Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain.
can/could表示_________________，而be able to通常表示通过努力达成的_____________; can/could 主要是一般现在、一般过去时, 而be able to有较为丰富的时态变化。
习惯性具备的能力
一次性的能力
注意：was/were able to“设法做成某事”，相当于managed to do sth/ succeeded in doing sth
一. 选词填空 can, could, be able to
1）My grandma is well over eighty, but she __________ read without glasses.
2）Being a wise person, he finally __________ find the place.
3）The cheater said that he__________ turn stone into gold.
二. 单句翻译
——我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗？
________________________________________
——是的, 可以。/不, 恐怕不行。
________________________________________
can
was able to
could
Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning？
Yes, you can. / No, I’m afraid not.
exercises
Usage
2. must/have to
①must表示必须, 没有时态变化。强调的是一种主观看法, 也表责任或义务。have to表示“必须, 不得不”, 是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须, 不得不”做某事。mustn’t表示禁止做某事；have to的否定形式not have to表示“不必”。have to可用于多种时态中。
* （2019 全国卷Ⅱ）I work not because I have to, but because I want to.
* （2019 全国卷Ⅱ）You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
【高频易错】
回答must引出的疑问句时. 如果是否定的回答, 不能用 mustn’t, 而要用 need not 或 don’t have to。
* —Must we hand in our exercise books now？
——我们现在就必须要交练习本吗？
—Yes, you must. （No, you needn’t. /No, you don’t have to. ）
——是的, 必须。（不, 不必。）
Usage
2. must/have to
②must表示猜测。意为“想必, 准是, 一定”, 只用于肯定句。
* The book must be the one you want.
这本书一定是你要的那本。
* She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.
她戴着钻石项链, 她一定很有钱。
③must还可表示“偏要”。表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。
* Why must it rain on Sunday？
为什么偏要在星期天下雨？
一. 单句填空
（1）My sister is ill；my mother__________ look after her.
（2）There’s a lot of noise from next door. They _______ be
having a party.
（3）—Must I return all the books in three days？
—Yes, you_______.
（No, you___________________________. ）
（4）If you _______ go, at least wait until the storm is over.
has to
must
must
needn’t/don’ t have to
must
exercises
Usage
3. may/might
①表示请求或允许, might可以指过去时间, 也可指现在时间, 语气更委婉。对may的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may或can, 但作否定回答时要用mustn’t或can’t。
* You may come if you wish. 如果你想来, 你就来。
* May （Might）I ask for a photo of your baby？我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？
* —May I smoke here？
—No, you mustn’t. You’d better not.
②表示可能。可以指过去时间, 也可以指现在时间, 但语气不肯定。
* （2019 全国卷 I）The crowds might damage the beauty of the place.
* She may not know about it.
③may用于表祝愿的句子中，而might不行。
* May you succeed in the coming year.
愿你在来年取得成功。
exercises
一. 单句填空
（1）—Are you going to her party？
—I’m not sure. I __________ stay home and help my brother with his homework.
（2）________ you have a happy weekend.
（3）—_______________I have a little brandy
—No, you ___________. You'd better not.
might
May
Might/May
mustn’t
Usage
4. will/would
①表示意志或意愿。will指现在, would指过去, 用于否定句表示“不肯, 不乐意”。
* I will never do that again. 我决不会再做那种事了。
②表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中, will和would均可用, would此时不表示过去, 而是表示委婉语气。
* Will/Would you pass me the book？请你把书递给我好吗？
③will和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向, 意为“总是；常常”。
* When my parents were away, my grandmother would take care of me.
我父母外出的时候, 总是祖母照看我。
* （2019 江苏高考）I would be happy to wear traditional Chinese clothes at the welcome ceremony. 我很乐意在欢迎仪式上穿中国传统服装。
④will&would表示推测, 含义为“可能”。
* Ask him, he will/would know.
Attention: would表示过去的习惯性动作时，暗示现在仍然如此；
而used to表示过去常常做某事，强调现在不是这样了。
My father used to go to work by bike when he was young.
我父亲年轻的时候总是骑自行车去上班。（现在不是这样了）
Usage
5. shall/should
①在第一、三人称的疑问句中, shall用来询问对方的意愿。
* Shall we begin our lesson
②用于第二、三人称的陈述句中, shall表说话人命令、警告、允诺等口吻。
* He shall have the book when I finish reading.
③should表示劝告、建议、命令，用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers.
④should表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感, 意为“居然, 竟然”。
* Amazing! You should wear slippers at work.
should, ought to, had better 分别应该怎么用？
①ought to表示“应该做某事”，可以代替should，注意不要遗漏to，其否定形式是ought not to。
在疑问句中，不用ought to，用should。
ought to have done表示“本应该做某事却没做”。
ought not to have done表示“本不应该做某事却做了”。
②had better常用缩写形式 ’d better，表示“最好做某事，否则可能有不好的后果”。had better的否定形式为had better not。had better只用来表示某一具体的情况，不用来泛指，而should可用于表示提出看法或建议的所有情况。
比较以下两个句子：
You should finish everything today.
You’d better finish everything today.
建议
警告，威胁
一. 单句填空
(1)You______go to class right away.
(2)Why______you be so late today
(3)_______the boy come at once
二. 选词填空 shall, should, ought to, had better
(1)We ________help the aged.
(2)What________we do this evening
(3)You________have passed this exam.
(4)We ________go before it rains.
Shall
should
shall
ought to
had better
should
should
exercises
Usage
6. need
①用作情态动词, need意为“需要, 有必要”, 一般用于否定句或疑问句中。疑问句中把need提前, 否定形式是在need后加not。
* You needn’t come here this afternoon. 你今天下午不必来。
②用作实意动词, 意为“需要, 有必要”, 可以用于各种句式中。
* You don’t need to go now. 你不必现在就走。
* I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下。
* Do we need to finish all the work today？我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？
即时演练
（1）—Must I stay here？ —No, you__________.
（2）You__________ not be told twice about one single thing.
needn’t
need
Usage
7. dare
①dare作情态动词时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。
* How dare you say I’m unfair？
* He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he？
* If we dared not go there that day, we couldn't get the beautiful flowers.
②dare作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中, dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中, dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。 * I dare to swim across this river.
* He doesn’t dare （to）answer.
即时演练
（1）How__________ you fight against him？
（2）No one__________ say he had nothing on.
dare
dares
Can&could 请求、许可 推测 能力
May&might 请求、许可 推测 祝愿（may）
Will & would 请求 推测 意愿、决心 习惯性动作
must 推测 必要性 偏偏、偏要
Should 推测 责任、建议 竟然
shall 请求 法规、规章制度 允诺、警告、决心
Summary
must would should could might can’t
100% 80% 60-70% 55% 40% 0%
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs in the box.
may must can ought to might had better would should
In the film The Million Pound Bank Note, Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends, and with nowhere to stay. While this situation _____ seem unusual, it can sometimes happen to travellers. In case it happens to you on a trip abroad, what ______ you do First, and most importantly, you _____stay calm. Fear ____ cause you to become confused. You need to think clearly. Second, you should go to your nearest consulate. They ________ be able to help to some extent. Third, you ______ do well to check with some local charities. They ______offer help to travellers in need. Fourth, you _________avoid getting into trouble. You ______ think that stealing some money or food would help you, but you should not do so. Getting caught ______ ruin your life.
may
should
must
can
ought to
would
might
had better
might
would
Part II
The Past Future Tense
过去将来时
英语中八种常见时态常用时间状语归纳
一、一般现在时
1. 概念：表示现阶段经常发生的动作或现在的某种状况，也表示客观事实、客观规律或客观真理。主语是第一，二人称时，谓语动词要用原形，主语是第三人称时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
2. 常见时间状语标志：always, often, sometimes, usually, every day, on Sundays, once a day / week / month等。
例如：
I do some exercise every day. 我每天做一些锻炼。
She knows French and German besides English. 除英语外，她还懂法语和德语。
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东边升起。
do,does
英语中八种常见时态常用时间状语归纳
二、一般将来时
1. 概念：表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，以及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2. 常见时间状语标志：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next day / week / month / year…, this week / month / year, soon, in + 时间状语 (如in one hour / in a few minutes等)，in the future, in future等。
例如：
I’ll take you there tomorrow. 我明天带你去那儿。　
Next month we will have our school open day. 下个月我们将迎来学校开放日。
The Talent Show is coming in two weeks’ time. 新秀选拔演出还有两周时间就要到了。
will do; be going to do
be to do; be about to do
英语中八种常见时态常用时间状语归纳
三、一般过去时
1. 概念：表示在过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。谓语动词要用过去时。
2. 常见时间状语标志：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night / week / month, 时间词 + ago (如three days ago), in / on + 过去的时间词 (如in 2010), just now, at that time, in those days, one day, once upon a time等。
例如：
Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike.
两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车。
Last year, however, nearly twenty billion tons of rice was produced.
然而，去年的稻谷产量接近200亿吨。
did
英语中八种常见时态常用时间状语归纳
四、现在进行时
1. 概念：表示现在正在进行的动作，或现阶段正在进行的动作。现在进行时由“am / is / are + 现在分词”构成。
2. 常见时间状语标志：now, at this time, at this moment, at present等。
例如：Now she is planning our schedule for the trip. 现在她正在为旅行制定时间表。
Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.
当今在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。
注意：不用进行时的动词：
① 表示感官的动词：如see (看见)， hear (听见)，feel (感觉出)，taste (尝出)，smell (闻到)， notice (注意到)，observe (观察到) 等。
② 表示某种情感或精神状态的动词：如believe, doubt, feel (= have an opinion), hate, image, know, (dis)like, love, prefer, realize, appreciate, recognize, remember, see (= understand), suppose, think (= have an opinion), understand, want, wish等。
③ 一些用于交际和应答的动词：如agree, appear, astonish, deny, disagree, impress, look (= seem), mean, please, promise, satisfy, seem, surprise等。
④ 表示所属、类似、构成等关系的动词和系动词，如：be, belong, concern, consist, contain, depend, deserve, fit, include, involve, lack, matter, measure (= have length etc.), need, owe, own, possess, weigh (= have weight)。
am/is/are doing
英语中八种常见时态常用时间状语归纳
五、过去进行时
1. 概念：表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作，或过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，过去进行时由“was / were + 现在分词”构成。
2. 常见时间状语标志：(just) then, at that time, yesterday afternoon, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from 9 to 10 last evening / night, those days等。
例如：
May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant yesterday
请问你昨天到我的餐馆里来干什么？
It was a cold day and his jacket was lying on the back of a chair.
天很冷，他的夹克衫搭在椅背上。
3. 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别：过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，强调动作的连续性；而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。
was/were doing
英语中八种常见时态常用时间状语归纳
六、现在完成时
1. 概念：1) 表示动作发生在过去，但其结果影响到现在。
常见时间状语标志：already, yet, just, ever, recently, so far, up to / till now等。
2) 表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在，还可能持续下去。
常见时间状语标志：for + 时间段, since + 时间点 / 过去时从句, ever since等。
3) 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经历。
常见时间状语标志：twice, ever, never, three times, before等。
2. 基本结构：have / has + 动词的过去分词。
3. 注意：非延续性动词不能用“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。这些动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性性动词。如：arrive, come → be here, be in 。buy → have 。begin, start → be on
has/have done
4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示过去发生的动作。差别在于：现在完成时强调的是动作与现在的关系，即对现在的影响或动作延续到现在；而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某时发生，不表示和现在有关系。因此，句中有过去时间状语时，一般用一般过去时。试比较：
I have lost my new bike. 我把新自行车丢了。 (现在还未找到)
I lost my new bike yesterday. 我昨天把新自行车丢了。 (现在找到与否不清楚)
He worked there for three years. 他在那里工作了 3 年。 (现在已不在那里工作)
He has worked there for three years. 他在那里工作已 3 年了。 (现在仍在那里工作)
5. 注意: have / has gone to, have/has been to 和have / has been in的区别：
have / has gone to 表示人在去某地的路上或在某地，还未回来；
have / has been to 表示人曾经去某地，并且人已经回来了；
have / has been in 表示人已经在某地，常与一段时间连用。
英语中八种常见时态常用时间状语归纳
七、过去完成时
1. 概念：表示以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2. 常见时间状语标志：before, by the end of last term / week / month / year 等。
例如：
Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
当他到达晚会现场时，大多数客人已经离开了。
By the 1990s the number had fallen to about 50,000.
截止到20世纪90年代， (藏羚羊的) 数量下降到了大约5万只。　　
Before he volunteered to direct the traffic, Timoteo had had lots of jobs.
铁穆特欧在志愿指挥交通之前做过很多工作。
had done
八、
过去将来时
1.表示在过去某个时间来看，将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
2.过去将来时常用在主句谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。
3.过去将来时句子中有时包含时间状语 the next day，the following week, soon等。
The Past Future Tense
The Past Future Tense
结构
1. would+动词原形
2. was/were going to+动词原形
3. was/were about to do
4. go, come, leave, start, meet等动词的过去进行时，表示就过去的某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。
5. was/were to do
The Past Future Tense
1. would do表达将发生的动作。
例如：He wouldn't leave the next Friday.
2. was / were going to do表达准备、计划、将要做某事，它所表达可能发生也可能不发生的动作。
例如：
The students were going to play table tennis that afternoon.
那天下午学生们要打乒乓球。
3. was / were about to do表达马上发生的动作，它不可与明确时间状语连用。其常用句式是was / were about to do when+从句。
例如：
The meeting was about to be held at once.
这个会议马上举行。

The Past Future Tense
4. go, come, return, leave, start, finish等动词的过去进行时态表达过去将要发生的动作。
例如：
They said they were leaving for Paris soon.
他们说不久他们将离开去巴黎。
5. was / were to do表达曾经计划做某事。
例如：
She said she was to buy a flat in Shanghai.
她说过要在上海买一套房子。
Both “would do” and “was/were going to do” can be talk about future events or intentions in the plete the following sentences that describe the future in the past.
1. Philip bought two tickets for The Phadom of the Opera. He ______________________________ (watch) this musical with his girlfriend on the weekend.
2. I was so surprised at the news that David ________________ _________________ (play) the role of the dinosaur in the play that I gave him a hug out of joy.
would watch / was going to watch
would play /
was going to play
3. Lily decided that she ______________________________ (settle) in New York and pursue her dream of becoming an actress.
4. Hey, Timmy. I _______________ (call) you. But now that you are here, I don't have to.
5. The competition was so close that no one was sure who ___________ (win) the Best Actor award.
6. Jim is not here right now. He said he ______________________ (be) on duty at the library this afternoon.
would settle / was going to settle
was going to call
would win
would be / was going to be
the day after tomorrow two days later
next week the next week
tomorrow the next/following day
tomorrow evening the next evening
一般将来时 过去将来时
will be/do would be/do
am/is/are going to be/do was/were going to be/do...(but...)
am/is/are about to do was/were about to do
▲
▲
▲
▲
▲
过去的过去
过去
过去的将来
现在
(现在的)将来
had done
did
would do
do
will do
一般将来时和过去将来时的比较
Summary
仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而
新人教必修三
Thank You !