Unit1 Food matters Grammar and usage 课件(共45张PPT，内镶嵌视频)译林版(2019)选择性必修第一

(共45张PPT)
非谓语动词
目录
1.非谓语动词定义
2.非谓语动词分类
3.非谓语之不定式
4.非谓语之动名词
5.非谓语之分词
6.非谓语拓展
7.非谓语总结
8.非谓语练习
1.非谓语动词定义
1.非谓语动词定义
皇
贵
妃
再
尊
贵
，
母
仪
天
下
的
人
始
终
只
有
一
个
，
皇
后
终
究
是
皇
后
。
1.非谓语动词定义
ZhenHuan likes it.
主语
谓语
宾语
ZhenHuan likes to wear it.
主语
谓语
宾语
非谓语
1.非谓语动词定义
1.非谓语动词定义
ZhenHuan likes to wear it.
主语
谓语
宾语
非谓语
1.非谓语动词定义
主语
谓语
非谓语
非谓语：
不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。
一个句子已经存在主句（谓语动词）却没有连词时使用。
2.非谓语动词分类
2.非谓语动词分类
不定式to do
现在分词doing
过去分词done
动名词doing
3.非谓语之不定式
3.非谓语之不定式
构成：to + 动词原形
肯定结构：（to）do sth.
否定结构：not+（to） do sth.
被动结构：to be done sth.
完成结构：to have done sth.
主语：To see is to believe.
宾语：I want to eat it.
表语：My job is to teach you.
补语：I told him not to do it.
定语：We found a house to
live in.
状语：She came here to study.
3.非谓语之不定式-作主语
（1）不定式作主语常表示具体的动作
eg：To see is to believe.
To finish the work in ten minutes is difficult.
To master a language is not easy.
（2）谓语动词用单数形式，为避免头重脚轻。常使用it作形式主语
To master a language is not easy
=It is not easy to master a language.
①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。
②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂
it作形式主语时，若形容词为kind、nice、careless等表示人的，品质特征时，介词用of，其他情况用for。
3.非谓语之不定式-作宾语
（1）动词+不定式
eg：She asks her to drink a cup of milk.
I want to know the truth.
常见此类动词:
decide
决定
afford
付得起
agree
同意
pretend
假装
ask
要求
arrange
安排
demand
要求
determine
决定
3.非谓语之不定式-作宾语
（2）动词+疑问词+不定式
eg：There are so many kinds of skirts on sale that I can’t decided which to buy.
常见此类动词:
decide
决定
know
知道
consider
考虑
forget
忘记
remember
记得
show
展示
tell
告诉
understand
理解
3.非谓语之不定式-作宾补
（1）常跟动词不定式作宾补的词
eg：My mom doesn’t allow us to play on the street.
常见此类动词:
want
想，想要
allow
允许
help
帮助
prepare
准备
ask
要求
invite
邀请
wish
希望
permit
允许
3.非谓语之不定式-作宾补
（2）有些使役动词和感官动词，不定式不带to，被动语态还原to
eg：I saw him cross the road=he was seen to cross the road.
常见此类动词:
see
看到
make
使
let
让
watch
看
hear
听到
feel
感觉
have
让
listen to
听
3.非谓语之不定式-作定语
（1）有不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有“动宾关系”
eg：I have a lot of things to do.
（2）若名词前有序数词、最高级或no、all、only修饰时，
后面不定式一般作定语
eg：He was the first to leave yesterday.
（3）有一些抽象名词常用不定式作定语：ability、chance、attempt、decision、warning。promise等
eg：Their decision to give up the match surprised me .
3.非谓语之不定式-作状语
（1）表“目的”可放句末，也可放句首
eg：He studied day and night to get good points.
To buy this house，he sold his car.
（2）表“结果” 往往是与语气愿望相反的结果，常放在never、only等词后
eg：He hurried to the station only to find the train had gone.
3.非谓语之不定式-作状语
（3）表“原因”常常放在形容词后
eg：They were very happy to hear the news.
（4）表“程度” 常用结构是too...to...，enough to...
eg：It’s too late for us to go to school.
3.非谓语之不定式的省略
（1）不定式中“动词”的省略：保留to省略to后的动词
eg：If you don’t want to do it，you don’t need to.
（2）不定式to的省略：两个并列的不定式，第二个to可省略
eg：He wished to study Chinese and become a good student.
4.非谓语之动名词
4.非谓语之动名词
动名词虽然很像动词，但它是名词性质
结构：动词ing
3.非谓语之动名词
主语：Smoking is bad for health.
宾语：I like drawing.
表语：My job is teaching .
定语：The reading room has been built.
4.非谓语之动名词
常用只跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语：
keep
继续
enjoy
享受；喜爱
finish
完成
mind
介意
avoid
避免
risk
冒险
4.非谓语之动名词
常用只跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语：
go on
继续
give up
放弃
be/get used to
习惯于
look forward to
期待
4.非谓语之动名词
接动名词或不定式意义都相近的常用动词：
love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford
4.非谓语之动名词
接动名词或不定式意义都不同：
stop+to do=停下来去做某件事
stop+doing=停止做某事
eg：He stopped to study.他停下来去学习。（停下原本做的事，开始学习）
He stopped studying.他停止学习。（正在学习，不再继续学）
4.非谓语之动名词
接动名词或不定式意义都不同：
forget/remember+to do=忘记/记得去做某事
forget/remember+doing=忘记/记得做过某事
eg：He forgeted/remembered to study.他忘记/记得要去学习。（忘记/记住要学习，还没学）
He forgeted/remembered studying.他忘记/记得学习了。（忘记/记得学习过，已经学过）
5.非谓语之分词
现在分词：V+ing
过去分词：规则动词：V+ed
不规则动词
现在分词：表“正在进行、发生”
表“主动”
过去分词：表“已经完成/成为某状态”
表“被动”
5.非谓语之分词区分
5.非谓语之分词
状语：I got home, feeling very tired.
补语：He could hear his heart beating fast.
表语：The story is interesting.I am interested in it.
定语：The crying boy annoyed us a lot.
5.非谓语之分词
have sb./sth. do sth., have sb./sth. doing sth. 和have sth. done的区别
短语 用法 例句
have sb./sth. do sth. 让某人/物做某事 (不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生) The soldiers has the boy stand with his back to his father. 士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。
have sb./sth. doing sth. 让某人/物一直做某事(现在分词所表示的动作往往具有持续进行的含义) The two men had their lights burning all night long. 那两个男人让灯通宵亮着。
have sth. done 让别人做某事（过去分词所表示的动作由他人来完成） The driver has his car washed once a week. 这个司机一周让人洗一次车。
6.非谓语拓展
6.非谓语拓展-独立主格
Weather permitting，we will go there.
The task finished，we are given a prize.
Many trees to be planted，our city will look more beautiful.
主语不同，从句主语不可省略，有逗号，无连词
6.非谓语拓展-独立主格-主要形式
名词/
代词
不定式to do 动作未完成
doing 主动、进行
done 被动、完成
Weather permitting，we will go there.
The task finished，we are given a prize.
Nobody to come tomorrow，we will have to put off it.
6.非谓语拓展-独立主格-主要形式
with/
without
不定式to do 动作未完成
doing 主动、进行
done 被动、完成
With so many people to help us，we can finish it on time.
He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
7.非谓语总结
1.判断是否需要用非谓语动词
做题技巧
1.一个简单句有且只有一个主语
eg：
He likes football.
2.两个及以上动词有连词连接
eg：
He is a boy and plays football.
3.几个复合句几个谓语
eg：
He is a boy who plays football.
如果一个句子中已经出现一个谓语，且没有连词，也不是复合从句的情况下，那么第二个动词就用非谓语。
2.判断是主动还是被动
做题技巧
（1）找非谓语动词的逻辑主语；
（2）判定非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间是主谓（主动）关系还是动宾（被动）关系
3.判断时态
非谓语动词动作：
发生在谓语动词之后，用不定式的的一般式；
发生在谓语动作之前，用完成式；
和谓语动作同时发生，用进行式。
8.非谓语练习
1. He didn’t finish (read) the book until last week.
2. His sister decided (not write) to him again
3. They will go to the station (meet) the guests.
4. Sorry, I forgot (return) your CD today. I’ll give it to you tomorrow.
5. Mary is heard (sing) English songs every morning.
6. There must be something wrong with my TV set. I’ll have it (repair).
7. Noodles are my favorite. But I don’t like (eat) them when I feel sick.
8. Mr. King is usually seen (go) shopping with his wife.
9. The broken bike needs (repair) at once.
10. He promised (send) me the bill as soon as possible.
8.非谓语练习
reading
not to write
to meet
to return
to sing
repaired
to eat
to go
to be repaired/repairing
to send
1.Why not ________ an English Club to practice ________
A. to join; speaking B. join; speaking
C. join; to speak D. to join; to speak
2. I have a lot of things ________ this weekend.
A. do B. did C. doing D. to do
3.Would you mind ________ down the music It's too noisy.
A. to turn B. turning C. turn D.turned
4.He explained again and again in order to make what he did ________.
A. understand B. understood
C. to understand D. understanding
8.非谓语练习
再见