Unit 1 Food matters Grammar and usage 课件(共35张PPT)译林版(2019)选择性必修第一册

(共35张PPT)
Unit 1
Food matters
Grammar and usage
Learning Objectives
01
Learning Objectives
1. In specific expressions, correctly judge whether an infinitive serves as the subject or the predicative.
2. Master the relevant knowledge points about infinitives used as subjects and predicatives through practice.
3. Be able to correctly use the target grammar to write a thank-you letter.
Key Points and Difficult Points
In specific expressions, correctly judge whether an infinitive serves as the subject or the predicative.
Be able to correctly use the target grammar to write a thank-you letter.
Lead-in
02
Do you prefer eating out or cooking at home Give me your reasons.
or
Grammar and usage
03
To -infinitives as subjects and predicatives
To-infinitive: The basic form of a verb, usually preceded by "to" e.g.to eat, to cook
As subject: Functions as the topic of a sentence.
e.g.To cook at home is relaxing.
As predicative: Follows a linking verb to explain the subject.
e.g.My choice is to eat out.
A Exploring the rules
Below is a blog entry about eating out and eating at home. Find the sentences that use to-infinitives as subjects or predicatives and fill in the table below. The first ones have been done for you.
To -infinitives as subjects To eat out was also a social activity, ...
To -infinitives as predicatives ..., my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant.
...it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish.
My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend...
Working out the rules
When the to-infinitive is used as a subject, we usually use the preparatory subject (1) at the beginning of the sentence.
The to-infinitive can also be used as a predicative. It usually comes after the verb (2) _________
it
be
B Applying the rules
B1 Rewrite the following sentences using to-infinitives according to the requirements in the brackets.
1 The next dish that the cook will prepare is Kung Pao Chicken. (attributive)
_______________________________________________________________
2 The preparation of home-cooked meals is easy and enjoyable. (subject)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The next dish to be prepared by the cook is Kung Pao Chicken.
To prepare home cooked meals is easy and enjoyable. /
It is easy and enjoyable to prepare home-cooked meals.
B Applying the rules
B1 Rewrite the following sentences using to-infinitives according to the requirements in the brackets.
3 Her dream is that she will open a restaurant some day. (predicative)
_______________________________________________________________4 We will put the potatoes in the pot first in order that they will be cooked quickly.(adverbial of purpose)
_______________________________________________________________5 I consider the Soup of the Day as the best option on the menu. (object complement)
_______________________________________________________________
Her dream is to open a restaurant some day.
We will put the potatoes in the pot first (in order) to cook them quickly.
I consider the Soup of the Day to be the best option on the menu.
B2 Below is a lifestyle magazine plete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
B Building your language
As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre. (1) ___________ (locate) at the top of Tower 88, it gives you an amazing view of the bay. Better still, its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable (2) _______ (see) the scenery outside while having your meal. Since it takes about an hour (3) __________ (turn) the full 360 degrees, you are unlikely to get bored with the scenery.
Located
to see
to turn
B2 Below is a lifestyle magazine plete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
B Building your language
If you want to get the most wonderful views, your best bet is (4)_________(sit) by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours. The atmosphere is lively and modern, with its walls (5) _______________ (paint) white and light blue. Sky Buffet serves a menu full of eye-catching Asian dishes, (6) (range) from Chinese food to Japanese food. It will be a good idea (7) (invite) your family and friends over for dinner. Sky Buffet is considered by many locals (8) __________ (be) the perfect location for a special occasion.
to sit
painted
ranging
to be
to invite
B3 Imagine your friend has taken you out to dinner at Sky Buffet. Write a thank-you note to your friend, offering to return the favour by inviting him or her to your home for dinner next weekend. Remember to use to-infinitives. Use the expressions below to help you.
B Building your language
Expressions
I am writing to ... I have always wanted to ...
It was so kind of you to ... I would like/love to ...
It was wonderful to ... My plan is to ...
B Building your language
Dear Tom,
I am writing to thank you for taking me to Sky Buffet. It was so kind of you to invite me and book a table by the window. It was wonderful to see the city scenery and watch the beautiful sunset. I have always wanted to give Sky Buffet a try, and it certainly lived up to my expectations! Do you have any arrangements next weekend My plan is to invite you over to my home for dinner next Saturday. The view won't be as good as at Sky Buffet but I would like to cook you something special to thank you.
Yours,
Mary
To-infinitives as subjects and predicatives
动词不定式作主语
动词不定式做主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数。
（1）动词不定式作主语置于句首。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
To love others is to be loved. 爱人即爱已。
（2） it做形式主语，动词不定式做真正的主语置于句尾，常用于下列句式中：
①It + be + 名词 + to do sth.
It is a problem to maintain adequate pension funds.
要维持足够的养老基金是个问题。
To-infinitives as subjects and predicatives
动词不定式作主语
②It takes sb. + some time + to do sth.
It took me an hour to repair my bike.
我花了一个小时修理我的自行车。
③It+be +形容词+for sb.+to do sth.，适用于此句型的形容词有difficult, easy, hard,important,impossible, necessary 等。
It's very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.
对孩子们来说，穿过熙熙攘攘的街道很危险。
To-infinitives as subjects and predicatives
动词不定式作主语
④It +be +形容词+of sb.+ to do sth.，适用于此句型的形容词有 careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise 等。
It's clever of you to work out the maths problem. = You are clever to work out the maths problem.你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。
特别提醒
动词不定式做主语时多数情况下可以用动名词替换，但在以下三种情况下不能替换：一些固定说法中；表示强烈的对比时；表示某一次具体的动作或具体的情况时。
To-infinitives as subjects and predicatives
动词不定式作表语
动词不定式做表语，通常用来说明主语的具体内容或者性质。常见的用来做主语的名词有：aim,duty, dream, hope, idea,plan,wish,goal,task,ambition,purpose,work,job 等表示目标、意向、计划、任务的词。
My goal is to be a teacher.我的目标是当一名教师。
Always keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.永远记住：你的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。
有些时候，系动词会是 appear, seem, prove,turn out, remain 等。
Whether we will succeed or not remains to be seen.我们能否成功仍有待观察。
To-infinitives as subjects and predicatives
动词不定式作表语
特别提醒
（1）当主语部分有实义动词do 或do 的某种形式时，动词不定式做表语时可以省略to。
All I could do now is (to) keep silent.我现在所能做的就是保持沉默。
（2）某些动词的不定式与be 动词连用时常用主动形式表示被动意义，如be to let（出租），be to blame（应负责任）等。
The house is to let. 这所房子要出租。
Who is to blame for the accident 谁应该为这起事故负责？
To-infinitives as subjects and predicatives
动词不定式作表语
特别提醒
（3） 动词不定式和动名词做表语都是用于表示主语“是什么”，但动词不定式做表语强调的是一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作；动名词做表语强调的是一般性的、抽象的、经常发生的动作。
The man's job is to paint the walls.
这位男士的工作是粉刷这些墙。（表示一次性的、具体的、目前要做的事情）
The man's job is painting walls.
这位男士的工作是粉刷墙。（表示经常性的日常工作）
1.eager adj.渴望的，热切的，渴求的
be eager for...渴望得到……
be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
be eager for sb. to do sth.渴望某人做某事
be eager that...渴望……（从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原型”，should可以省略）
例句：We are eager for peace and want to put an end to any war in the world.
Vocabulary
2.allow v.准许，允许
allow for 考虑到；估计到；把……计算在内
allow(doing)sth. 允许（做）某事
allow sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
例句：It will take about an hour to get there,allowing for traffic delays.
Vocabulary
3.impress v.留下深刻的好印象；使敬仰；使铭记；使意识到（重要性或严重性等）
impress sb. with sth. 某物给某人留下深刻的印象
be impressed by/with...被……打动，对……印象深刻
impress sth.on/upon one's memory 某人把某事铭记在心
impress sth. on/ upon sb. 使某人意识到某事（如果宾语过长，可调整为 impress on/upon sb. sth. )
Vocabulary
It is/was +adj. （ +for sb.） + to do sth. （某人）做某事是……的
其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。该结构中常见的形容词有necessary, important, easy, difficult,hard, dangerous, possible, impossible 等表示事物的属性、特征的词。
It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.
很难预测无人驾驶的汽车何时会在我们的道路上无处不在。
It's also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.
对父母来说，知道孩子正在使用哪些应用程序也非常重要。
Sentence pattern
It is/was +adj. （ +of sb. ） +to do sth.（某人）做某事是……的
此时形容词常是 kind,nice,good, clever, wrong, foolish, right, careless,polite 等表示人的性格、品质的词。
It was very stupid of you to ignore your mother's advice.
你忽视妈妈的建议，真是太蠢了。
Sentence pattern
Exercise
04
1. Prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point (临界点), it is remarkably difficult for them (return).
2.So it was a great honour (invite) backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research.
3. Another way of setting realistic goals is (analyze) your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths.
4. All we have to do is (push) the button.
Exercise: 语法填空
to return
to be invited
to analyze
(to) push
5. (learn) is to better live.
6. It was kind of you (give) me a helping hand.
7. (climb) up the mountain road is easy while to go down
the hills is hard.
8. Above all, I have come to understand that (bring)happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness.
Exercise: 语法填空
To learn
to give
To climb
bringing
Summary
05
New words: eager,allow,impress...
Expressions: be eager for,allow sb. to do sth.,be impressed by/with...
Functions: 写感谢信，动词不定式作主语和表语
Sentences: To see is to believe.
It is a problem to maintain adequate pension funds.
My goal is to be a teacher.
It's also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.
Summary
Homework
06
Review the language points and complete the exercises.
Homework
SEE YOU NEXT CLASS!
.