Unit 1 A New Start Using language 课件(共26张PPT)外研版(2019)必修第一册

(共26张PPT)
Unit1 A New Start
Sentence elements
&
Basic sentence structures
Contents
Basic sentence strutures
Sentence elements
Exercises
01
03
02
01
Sentence elements
八大句子成分
He saw his son Tom singing (in the yard)
and he was happy.
主语
谓语
定语
宾语
同位语
补语
地点状语
连词
表语
系动词
主语
句子成分
1. 主语(Subject)：动作的“发出者”
功能：句子的主体，是动作的发出者或状态的执行者。
常见形式：名词、代词、动名词（如 reading）、不定式（如 to study）等。
Eg：
1. She likes dancing.
2. Swimming is good for health.
3. To learn English well takes time.
4. One-third of the students in this class are girls.
5. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.
句子成分
2. 谓语(Verb)：句子的“核心动作/状态”
功能：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，一般由动词或动词词组充当。
常见形式：
1. 简单谓语：仅有一个实义动词。
及物动词（vt）:后面可以直接接宾语，如 buy, eat, teach, send等。
Eg: 1. She bought a new pen yesterday.
2. Miss Xu taught us English.
不及物动词（vi）:后面不能直接接宾语，需添加适当的介词，如sleep， arrive等。
Eg: 1. My little sister slept for 10 hours.
2. The train arrived at the station.
句子成分
2. 谓语(Verb)：句子的“核心动作/状态”
2. 复合谓语：由“辅助动词+核心动词”组成。
情态动词+动词原形：
Eg: She can speak three languages.
助动词+动词分词（表时态/语态）：
Eg: 1. We have lived here for 5 years.
2. The letter was written by her.
助动词+动词原形（表否定）：
Eg: 1. He doesn’t like coffee.
2. I do like English.
句子成分
3. 系动词(Linking verb)
功能：连接主语和表语，不表示具体动作，仅用来说明主语的“身份、特征、状态”。
常见形式：
1. 核心系动词：be动词
Eg：I am a student.
The room is clean.
2. 感官系动词: look, sound, smell, taste, feel
Eg: The movie looks interesting.
The cake tastes delicious.
句子成分
3. 系动词(Linking verb)
常见形式：
3. 变化系动词常见词：become（变成）、get（变得）、turn（转变）、grow（逐渐变得）、go（变得，多接负面状态）
Eg: He became a doctor last year.
The weather gets cold in winter.
4. 持续系动词：表示主语“保持”某种状态， 如keep（保持）、stay（维持）、remain（依然是）
Eg: You should keep quiet in the library.
The food stays fresh in the fridge.
句子成分
4. 宾语(Object)：动作的“承受者”
功能：承接主语的动作，一般置于及物动词或介词后。
常见形式：
1. 直接宾语（Direct Object）：直接承受动作的“物”或“事”。
Eg: I bought a book. (直接宾语)
He finished his homework.(直接宾语)
2. 间接宾语（Indirect Object）：动作的“对象（人）”。
Eg: I gave her (间接宾语) a book. (直接宾语)
Lend your dictionary to me, please.
My mom gave me a gift.
物直人间
句子成分
5. 表语(Predicative）：主语的“身份/状态标签”
功能：紧跟系动词，补充说明主语的身份、特征或状态。
常见形式：名词、形容词、介词短语等。
Eg:
1. She is a student.
2. The sky turns red.
3. Her job is to teach English.
4. Tom seems in low spirits today.
5. The truth is that he has never been abroad.
句子成分
6. 定语（Attribute）：名词的“修饰标签”
功能：限定或描述名词/代词，让名词更具体。
常见形式：形容词、形容词性物主代词（如 my, his）、介词短语、定语从句等。
Eg:
1. Guilin is a beautiful city.
2. China is a developing country.
3. There are 30 women teachers in our school.
4. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.
5. The books which/that were written by Mo Yan are very intersting.
句子成分
7. 状语（Adverbial）：句子的“细节补充员”
功能：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，补充“时间、地点、方式、原因、程度”等细节。
常见形式：副词、介词短语、不定式等。
Eg:
1. They arrived yesterday. (时间状语).
2. He runs very fast. (程度状语)
3. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语)
4. She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)
5. Mr.Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)
句子成分
8. 补足语（Complement）：主/宾语的”信息完善者“
1. 主语补足语（Subject Complement）
功能：补充说明主语的身份、特征或状态，仅存在于“主系表”结构中，因此表语就是最常见的主语补足语。
常见形式：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式等，必须紧跟系动词（be, look, become, seem 等）。
Eg:
1. He is a doctor.
2. The soup smells delicious.
3. They are in the classroom.
句子成分
8. 补足语（Complement）：主/宾语的”信息完善者“
1. 宾语补足语（Object Complement）
功能：补充说明宾语的身份、状态或动作，放在宾语后，常见于“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补”结构，缺了宾补会让句子意思不完整。
常见形式：形容词、名词、动词不定式（to do）、现在分词（doing）、过去分词（done）。
Eg:
1. We painted the wall blue.
2. They elected her monitor.
3. My mom told me to finish homework first.
4. I saw him playing basketball.
句子成分
9. 同位语（Appositive）：名词的“同义替换”
功能：对前面的名词/代词做进一步解释，与被修饰的词“地位平等、含义相同”，去掉后不影响句子主干。
常见形式：名词、名词短语。
Eg:
1. My friend, Lucy (同位语), is from London.
2. We visited Beijing, the capital of China. (同位语)
3. I have no idea that she will come tomorrow.
4. The news that our team won made everyone excited.
02
Basic sentence strutures
基本句子结构
1. 主语+谓语（S+V）
2. 主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O）
3. 主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+C）
6. 主语+谓语+状语（S+V+A）
7. 主语+谓语+宾语+状语（S+V+O+A）
基本句子结构
1. 主语+谓语（S+V）
Eg: 1. The bird sings.
2. They laughed.
3. The guest have arrived.
2. 主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O）
Eg: 1. She eats an apple.
2. We love English.
3. He has accepted our invitation.
基本句子结构
Eg: 1. I am happy.
2. The flowers smell sweet.
3. His dream has become a reality.
Eg: 1. Miss Xu taught us English.
2. Tom sent his friend a birthday gift.
3. She passed me a glass of water.
3. 主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）
基本句子结构
Eg: 1. The news made everyone excited.
2. Parents want their kids to be healthy.
3. We must keep our classroom clean.
Eg: 1. She wakes up early.
2. Smith works in a hospital.
3. Lily cried because of sadness.
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+C）
6. 主语+谓语+状语（S+V+A）
基本句子结构
Eg: 1. I finished my homework last night.
2. He reads books in the library .
3. They solved problems with teamwork.
4. He drank a glass of water because he was thirty.
7. 主语+谓语+宾语+状语（S+V+O+A）
03
Exercises
1. Analyze the sentence structure of the following sentences.
We are working.
I can swim very well.
The waiter brought me a bottle of beer.
Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
He began learning English ten years ago.
You must get the car ready.
The 8-year-old is the joker of the class.
The teacher told us to finish the homework.
Lucy painted a beautiful picture yesterday.
She sat quietly in the corner.
The teacher told us an interesting story.
S V
S V A
S V IO DO
S V O
S V O A
S V O C
S (V) P
S V O C
S V O A
S V A
S V IO DO
I saw a white-haired man.
I replied.
He gave me a smile.
I breathed deeply.
I looked at them in panic.
I was embarrassed.
His words made me a lot more relaxed.
2. Match the sentences that share the same structures.
He was friendly.
The exam made me quiet nervous.
I passed him a book.
She agreed.
He wrote a long letter.
He talked loudly.
She looked after her sister patiently.
Thank you!