2026届高考英语二轮复习：英语中表示否定的前缀 课件-(共31张PPT)

(共31张PPT)
Prefixes of negation
否定前缀
表示否定的前缀可分为四种:
纯粹表示否定的前缀，有a-，an-，dis-，il-,im-,in-， ir-, non-，un-
表示“错误”的前缀，有mis-
表示“反动作”的前缀，有de-，dis-，dys-,un-
表示“反对”的前缀，有anti-，contra-，counter-
前缀 a-,an-not, without, 用法 加在名词，形容词上 例词 原词 否定
moral amoral (与道德无关的ethically indifferent)
sexual asexual
centric acentric
onymous署名的 anonymous 匿名的
1.纯粹表示否定的前缀
（2）
前缀 dis- 用法 加在动词,名词,形容词前 例词 loyal disloyal
advantage disadvantage
agree disagree
like dislike
believe disbelieve
cover discover
1. We don't offer jobs to ________ (honest) people in Germany.
2. Most people ________(approve) of such violent tactics.多数人不赞同这类暴力手段。
3. The black car drove away from them and ___________(appear).
dishonest
disapprove
disappeared
in-是来自拉丁语的前缀，主要有“not,the opposite of ”; “into, upon” 两种含义，这里只讨论第一种情况。
带有拉丁词尾-ate, -ant,-ent, -ite,-ible的词，否定前缀用in-，比如： inappropriate, incessant, indefinite, inaccessible,invincible, invisible等， 但也有例外，比如unfortunate.
前缀 in-(1)word-forming element meaning “not, opposite of, without” from Latin in- “not,” cognate with Greek an-, Old English un-, 与in-结合的词干均来自Latin. 用法 在形容词及其派生名词、副词上 例词 accurate inaccurate
correct incorrect
direct indirect
complete incomplete
ability inability
active inactive
in-受首字母的同化，产生了三种变体：il-（在字母l前用），im-(在字母m，b，p前用)，ir-（在字母r前用） (also im-, il-, ir- by assimilation of -n- with following consonant, a tendency which began in later Latin)
il-
legal---illegal,
literate---illiterate,
legible---illegible;
logical---illogical
im-
mortal---immortal,
balance---imbalance,
possible---impossible,
polite---impolite
ir-
regular-irregular,
relative---irrelative，
relevant-irrelevant,
revocable---irrevocable
1.During the 1980s and 1990s, Tibetan antelopes were hunted________(legal), leading to a sharp drop in their population.
2. The differences between most of the groups were statistically ____________(significant); however,the participants in the 70 decibels(
/ des bel / n.分贝) group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups.
illegally
insignificant
3.It can be difficult to start a hobby. You may have come across one that requires you to buy costly equipment. But the truth is that many hobbies can be started without much money. Find an ________
(expensive) hobby and pick something that is interesting and doesn’t require a lot of materials to start.
inexpensive
前缀 un-not, the opposite of,from Old English. un-前缀来自英语本族语. 用法 用于大多数的形容词及其派生副词和名词上 例词 原词 否定
necessary unnecessary
employment unemployment
un-
1.以im-,in-开头的单词，不能再用in-,只能用un-,例如，unimaginable, unimpressive, unintelligent.
2.以-able,-ed,-like,-ly,-ful,-ing,-some 结尾的形容词多用un-,例如，unfashionable,unsuccessful, unfriendly,untroublesome.
un-通常加于形容词前，in-通常加在形容词派生的名词前。
un- in-
unjust 不公平的 injustice不公平
unequal不平等的 inequality不平等
ungrateful 忘恩负义的 ingratitude忘恩负义
1. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from "ugly" (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of _______ (eat)dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
2. We waste food_____________(intentional) at times.
uneaten
unintentionally
（5）
前缀 non- 用法 一般用在名词上，用连词符号连接 例词 fiction non-fiction
payment non-payment
resistance non-resistance
smoker non-smoker
cooperation non-cooperation
negotiable non-negotiable
profit non-profit
In some languages, articles are _________(exist). That means learners of Russian, for example, don’t have to worry about ‘a’ and ‘the’. Lucky them!
nonexistent
前缀 mis-“错误，坏”, a depreciative or negative element. 用法 大多用于动词，也用于动名词和名词 例词 judge misjudge
understand misunderstand
deed misdeed
dealing misdealing
take mistake
2.表“错误”的前缀
mal- "bad, badly, wrong"
function malfunction
adroit maladroit
content \ k n- tent \ malcontent(a./n.)
education maleducation
feasance malfeasance
Many people now _____________(understand) emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.”
He complained so much that he got a reputation for being a __________(content).
she seems like a very _________ (content)person, always acting as if the entire world were out to get her
misunderstand
malcontent
malcontent
前缀 de- 用法 加在动词，尤其是以-ate，-ize结尾的外来语动词上 例词 camp decamp
colour染色 decolour漂白
mobilize动员 demobilize遣散
appreciate depreciate
activate deactivate
3.表示“反动作”的前缀
前缀 un- 用法 用于动词及其派生词上，或把名词转成动词 例词 原词 否定
bend unbend放直
pack unpack打开行李
button unbutton解开钮扣
前缀 anti-against, opposed to, 用法 用于名词和形容词 例词 slavery anti-slavery
social anti-social
Christian Anti-Christian
4.表示“反对”的前缀
前缀 contra-against, in opposition
用法 在英语里构成的词不多
例词 contradiction矛盾
contrary相反的
contrast对比
contra-account抵账
4.表示“反对”的前缀
前缀 counter-against 用法 用在动词和名词上 例词 sign countersign
attack counterattack反攻
act counteract还手，抵消
balance counter-balance抗衡
Fill the blanks with the correct forms of the words given in the brackets.
1.No one can ________(agree) that English is an important language to learn nowadays. But, most learners _______(like) learning English tenses. And they can become very___________(courage) when they don’t make the progress that they want. Learning with me can help those negative feelings _______(appear). I promise that your lessons will be ___________(forget)!
disagree
dislike
discouraged
disappear
unforgettable
2.While learning English there will be some instances of __________________(understand). In contrast to ‘not understanding’, if you misunderstand, you think you understand, and boldly go forwards. Usually doing the wrong thing. You can also ___________(interpret) someone’s actions towards you. An English man in Paris might be amazed to receive two kisses on the cheek from a lovely French lady, and may misinterpret this as love. Englishmen would be very ____________(inform) about French customs and behaviour.
misunderstanding
misinformed
misinterpret