Unit 1 Science and Scientists Words and Expressions 课件(共65张PPT)人教版(2019)选择性必修第二册

(共65张PPT)
Words and Expressions（1）
XB2U1
Science and Scientists
词汇精讲
1. frustrated [fr stre t d] adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
feel/be frustrated at/with... 对……感到沮丧/懊恼
frustrated =depressed / down / upset
frustrate vt. 挫败；阻止；使沮丧
frustration n. 挫折
frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的
续写语料库：
A wave of frustration took hold of / seized him completely.
He was overwhelmed/overcome with a wave of frustration.
一股强烈的挫败感将他紧紧包围，完全占据了他的身心。
他被一股汹涌的挫败感所笼罩，难以自拔。
1. Disappointed and _____________, the poor man made his way back to his family.
2. The __________ result really __________ me and I was so __________ that nothing could relieve my __________.
3. I felt like crying ______frustration.
4. Lily sat in his empty shop feeling extremely ____________ (frustrate).
frustrating
frustrated
frustrated
with
frustration
frustrated
【即学即练】单句语法填空。
frustrated
2.infect
/ n fekt/
vt.使感染;传染
infection n. 感染；传染
have/get an infection
infect vt.使感染，传染
①infect sb. with sth. 使某人感染上.../把...传染给某人
infectious adj. 传染性的,有感染力的
infected adj.被感染的，感染病菌的
②sb. be infected with sth. 某人感染/传染上……
Go away, I don't want to infect you with my cold.
The official says that few people are infected with the virus thanks to the effective prevention.
单句语法填空/完成句子
① We shouldn’t look down upon people (infect) with HIV.
② Exactly which bacteria cause the (infect) is still unknown.
③ Every year, there are people unlucky enough to be infected the flu.
④ This new (infect) disease has caused many deaths all over the world.
⑤ People should take protective measures before going out to .
人们在出门前应该做好防护措施以防止感染。
infected
infection
with
infectious
prevent infection
3.subscribe [s b skra b] vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
subscribe to　同意，赞同；订购；订阅；捐助
an annual subscription 一年期订阅
take out a subscription to Newsweek 订阅《新闻周刊》
subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者
subscription n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款
1. I subscribed to several magazines.
2. We subscribe to several sports channels on TV.
3. We prefer to subscribe to an alternative explanation.
4. He is one of the millions who subscribe to the NSPCC.
他是数百万个定期向英国全国防止虐待儿童协会捐款的人士之一。
我们更赞同另一种解释。
我们付费收看好几个体育频道。
我订了几份杂志。
【即学即练】写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. I subscribe to Reader’s Digest magazine. ________
2. We subscribe to an animal protection society. ________
3. Each employee may subscribe for up to $2,00 worth of shares. ________
4. We no longer subscribe to the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers. ________
订阅
认购（股份）
定期捐款
同意 / 赞成
① Some even offer a (subscribe) service with quarterly or even monthly updates.
② Many companies (subscribe) generously to the football club so far.
③ Write away now for the free album offered to every new (subscribe).
④ He the view that children benefit from being independent.
他赞同孩子们能从独立中获益这一观点。
subscription
have subscribed
subscriber
subscribes to
【即学即练】单句语法填空。
4.suspect vt.& vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任　
n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
1. If you suspect a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light.
如果你怀疑煤气泄漏，不要划火柴，甚至不要打开电灯。
2. She had no reason to suspect that Sylvia had not told the truth.
她没有理由怀疑西尔维娅没说实话。
3. We are appealing to anyone who saw the suspect to contact us.
我们呼吁任何人看到犯罪嫌疑人后与我们联系。
(1) suspect that... 怀疑/认为……(尤指坏事可能属实或发生)
suspect sb. to be... 怀疑某人是……
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事
(2) a murder suspect 杀人嫌疑犯
the main/prime suspect 首要嫌疑人
单句语法填空/完成句子
① We suspected the officer having a hand in the affair.
② Judging from his abnormal behaviour, I suspected him (be) a thief.
③ The police carrying drugs so they went through his bag, but found nothing.
警察怀疑他携带毒品，因此搜查了他的包，但什么也没发现。
of
to be
suspected him of
5.blame
/ble m/
vt.把…归咎于;责怪;指责
n. 责备;指责
blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责　
n. 责备；指责
1. He blamed his brother for breaking the window.
他责备他弟弟打破了窗户。
2. They blamed the failure on John’s intervention.
他们把失败的责任归咎于约翰的干涉。
3. The severe coldness is to blame for the increase in coal consumption.
天气寒冷导致煤的消耗上升。
4. If that happens, the coach will take the blame for it.
如果发生那样的事，教练将对此承担责任。
(1) be to blame (for sth.) 该(为……)受责备；应该(为……)负责
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事责备某人
be blamed for 因……受谴责/责备
(2) accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任
lay/put the blame on 把责任归咎于……
单句语法填空/完成句子
① The failure of the experiment cannot be blamed him alone.
② Mary, rather than you, is (blame) for not finishing the work on time.
③ She blamed her husband the failure of their marriage.
④ (blame) by the teacher, Mary was pulling a long face.
⑤ Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and the alarm clock.
很多人发现早上起床很困难，并将责任归咎于闹钟。
on
to blame
for
Blamed
put the blame on
6.multiple ['m lt pl] adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的
n. [C] 倍数
前缀 multi-
前缀 multi- 可加在单词前构成新词，其含义是 “多的”“多倍的”。
例如：multiple 多个的 multi-cultural 多元文化的 multimedia 多媒体
写出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。
1. Multifunctional furniture can be used for guests to sleep. ________
2. The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organisation.
________
3. The bottom of the ocean is full of various and multicoloured coral（珊瑚）.
________
4. The research indicates that people who multitask have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time. ________
多功能的
多国的
同时处理多项任务
多彩的 / 五彩斑斓的
7.handle [ h ndl] n. 把手; 拉手; 柄 v. 处理; 搬动; 操纵
get / have a handle on 弄懂，理解，搞明白
处理= solve/tackle/do with/deal with/cope with/ address / process / approach/dispose of /attend to
turn the handle
the handle of a knife
handle
写出下列句中handle的含义
①How to handle the machine is a puzzle to all the people there. ______
②He turned the handle and closed the door. ______
③They handle the problem once and for all. ______
操纵
把手
处理
把手；柄
处理；应付
（ “掌”握局势、人、工作或情感）
（用手）触；碰；拿
（词源义）
操纵；驾驭
（用“手”接触车辆、动物、工具等以控制）
8.link [l k] n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把…连接起来；相关联
(1) There is aa link between...(and...)在……和……之间有联系
(2) link A to/with B 将A与B联系/连接起来
link up (with sb./sth.) (与某人/某物)连接，结合
be linked to/with... 与……有联系/有关
1. Scientists have found a link between lack of sleep and poor memory.
科学家们发现了缺乏睡眠和记忆力差之间的联系。
2. We should link theory to/with practice.我们应该把理论和实践联系起来。
3. The two roads link up with each other at the bridge.这两条路在桥上相互连接。
4. The new company hopes to link up with some established enterprises.
这家新公司希望与一些老牌企业结合。
5. The disease is linked to/with poor living conditions.这种疾病与恶劣的生活条件有关。
① Police suspected there may be a link the two murders.
② The video cameras (link) to a powerful computer.
③ The Channel Tunnel links Britain the rest of Europe.
④ The space shuttle will link up the space station this afternoon.
⑤ There is convincing proof that skin cancer exposure to the sun.
有充分的证据表明皮肤癌和阳光暴晒有关系。
between
are linked
with/to
with
is linked to
【即学即练】单句语法填空。
MissQ
Words and Expressions（2）
XB2U1
Science and Scientists
9.decrease
/ di kri s//di kri s/
n.减少;降低;减少量
vt.&vi（使大小、数量等）减少;减小;降低
decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量　
vt.&vi.（使大小，数量等）减少；减小；降低
1. These measures will help decrease the cost of production.
这些措施有助于降低生产成本。
2. There is a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum.
参观博物馆的人数下降了将近6%。
(1) decrease to... 减少到……
decrease by...减少了……
decrease from...to... 从……减少到……
(2) on the decrease 正在减少
a sharp/ gradua ecrease in 在某方面急剧/逐渐减少
增加
increase, boost, multiply, add, up, improve
减少
decrease, decline, reduce, down, low, drop
单句语法填空/完成句子
① The traffic accidents in the city decreased 40% last year.
② The latest warm period has caused the number of glaciers to decrease 150 in 1850 to 26 today.
③ Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals is .
由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目正在减少。
by
from
on the decrease
10.thanks to
/略/
幸亏;由于
thanks to 幸亏；由于
1. Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。
2. Thanks to the intervention of the UN, the crisis was tackled successfully.
由于联合国的介入，这次危机得以成功解决。
3. As a result of his hard work, Tom passed the exam easily.
由于努力学习，汤姆轻松地通过了这次考试。。
表示“由于”的短语还有：
on account of　
owing to　
due to
because of　
because/since/as/for + 陈述句 as a result of
given that + 陈述句: 鉴于; 考虑到
单句语法填空/完成句子
① Thanks the correct leadership of the Party, China has entered a stage of rapid development.
② The town was cut off from the rest of the world because the heavy snow.
③ your help, we finished the work in time.
由于你的帮助，我们及时完成了工作。
to
of
Thanks to/Because of/ Owing to...
11.transform
/tr ns f m/
vt.使改观;使改变形态
vi. 改变;转变
transform vt.使改观；使改变形态　vi.改变；转变
1. The magician transformed the frog into a princess.
魔术师把青蛙变成了公主。
2. We can transform the world with our knowledge.
我们可以用我们的知识改变世界。
3. Tom seems to have been miraculously transformed into a first class player.
汤姆似乎奇迹般地变成了一流的球员。
(1) transform A into B 把A变成B
transform into 转变成；转化成；改造为
be transformed from A into B 由A变成B
(2) transformation n. 改变；转换；改观
单句语法填空/完成句子
① The way in which we work has undergone a complete (transform) in the past decade.
② The movie transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl
a superstar.
③ “Made in China 2025” initiative aims to a manufacturing giant into a world manufacturing power.
“中国制造2025”旨在把中国从制造业大国转变成世界制造业强国。
transformation
into
transform China from
12.cast
/kɑ st/
vt.(cast,cast)投射;向…投以(视线、笑容等);投掷
cast vt. (cast，cast) 投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷
1. The setting sun cast an orange glow over the mountains.
橘红色的夕阳辉映着群山。
2. She cast a welcoming smile in his direction.
她向他微笑以示欢迎。
3. The priceless treasures had been cast into the Nile.
价值连城的珍宝被扔进了尼罗河。
4. Don’t let yourself be cast down by a small failure in the experiment. Try again.
不要让自己被实验中一个小小的失败所打倒。再试一次。
cast/run an eye/one’s eyes over sth. 用眼光瞥(或扫)；匆匆查看；粗略地看一看
cast/shed/throw light on sth. 使(问题等)较容易理解
(be) cast down (by sth.) (因某事)沮丧，不愉快
cast back (to) 回想；追溯
单句语法填空
① Anyone would be cast by such news as that.
② The moon (cast) bright light over the garden when I saw through the window.
③ Those clouds would have that would have blocked some sunlight out.
那些云朵原本会投射出阴影，挡住一些太阳光。
down
cast
cast shadows
13.break out
/略/
（战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始;爆发
break out （战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发
1. After the epidemic broke out, the whole country united to fight against it.
疫情暴发后，全国上下团结一心，共同抗击疫情。
2. Our car broke down and we felt cast down.
我们的汽车坏了，我们感到很沮丧。
3. Never break in while others are talking.
别人说话的时候千万不要插嘴。
4. It was money trouble that broke up their marriage.
他们是因钱的问题才婚姻破裂的。
(1) break down 出故障；失败；垮掉；分解
break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into 强行闯入
break away from 脱离；挣脱
break up 打破；分裂；解体
break through 突破
(2) break out, happen, occur, take place 等动词(短词)表示“发生”，是不及物动词用法，不用于被动语态。
单句语法填空/完成句子
① The family had escaped to America shortly before the war in 1939.
1939年战争爆发前不久这家人逃到了美国。
② Many people the poverty barrier in 2020 with the assistance of our government.
2020年在我们政府的帮助下很多人摆脱了贫困的障碍。
③ Your health will if you don’t pay attention to regular exercise.
如果你不注意定期锻炼，你的身体会垮掉。
④ Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers your house.
仔细关好门窗，避免陌生人闯入家中。
broke out
broke through
break down
breaking into
14.defend
/d fend/
v.保卫;防守;辩解
defend vt. 保护；保卫；辩护
1. It is impossible to defend against/from an all-out attack.
防御全面进攻是不可能的。
2. Mary demonstrated how best to defend oneself.
玛丽示范最有效的自卫方法。
3. The soldiers fought bravely in defence of their country.
士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战。
(1) defend...from/against 保护……以免受；防御
defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫
defend oneself against sth.
保护自己不受……；为自己辩护
defend one's argument 为某人的论点辩护
(2) defence n. 防御；保卫
in defence of 为了保卫；为……辩护
in one’s defence 为某人辩护
(3) defensive adj. 防御的，保护的，保卫的
单句语法填空/完成句子
① Some people think that students should be trained to defend themselves
some attacks.
② When the dog attacked the boy, he defended (he) with a stick.
③ He has employed one of the UK's top lawyers (defend) him.
④ All the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in (defend) of their own homes.
⑤ The dam was built to away by the sea.
建筑这座堤坝是为了保护公路不被海水冲垮。
against/from
himself
to defend
defence
defend the road from being washed
15.in charge of
/略/
主管;掌管
in charge of 主管；掌管（表主动）
1. The cook is in charge of the kitchen helper.
这位厨师负责管理帮厨。
2. Dr Smith is assigned to take charge of the department.
史密斯大夫受命负责这个部门。
3. All the drinks including beer are free of charge.
全部饮料包括啤酒在内都是免费的。
(1) take charge of 掌管/负责……
in the charge of 受……的管理；由……负责
free of charge＝for free 免费
(2) charge v. 收费；要价；控告；充电
charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事
单句语法填空/完成句子
① As long as you’e paid in advance, we won’t charge you delivery.
② The police charged the thief stealing the jewels.
③ A series of activities related to study and sports are the charge of the students in the English Department.
④ We all hope you will the organization of the school art festival.
我们都希望你负责这次校园艺术节的组织工作。
for
with
in
be in charge of/take charge of
16.assistant n．助理；助手
①I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.
②It was the professor rather than his assistant that was to blame for what had happened in the lab.
assistant n. 助理;助手
a senior research assistant 高级研究助理
the assistant to sb. 某人的助理/助手
assist vt. 帮助；援助；协助 help
assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
assistance n.帮助
with the assistance of … 在……的帮助下
e.g. The public is urgently requested to assist police in _______(trace) this man.
I swam to Dad quickly and assisted him ________ (climb) onto the boat.
With the ___________ of his brother, he sold one painting.
tracing
to climb
assistance
MissQ
Words and Expressions（3）
XB2U1
Science and Scientists
17.trace
/tre s/
vt.追溯;追踪;查出
n. 痕迹;遗迹;踪迹
trace vt. 追溯；追踪；查出　n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
1. He traces his descent back to an old Norman family.
他的血统可追溯至一个古老的诺曼家庭。
2. The police traced the call to her ex husband’s number.
警方追查出电话号码是她前夫的。
3. It’s exciting to discover traces of earlier civilizations.
发现早期文明的遗迹真令人兴奋。
trace sth. (back) (to sth.) 追溯(某物到……)
trace your ancestry/origins/roots 追溯你的血统/起源/根源
trace the history of sth. 追溯……的历史
单句语法填空/完成句子
① His father claims to be able to trace the family back many centuries ago.
② These quotations cannot readily (trace) to their sources.
③ The police have detected trace of the murderer after several days of investigation.
④ His fear of dogs can a childhood experience.
他对狗的恐惧可追溯到他童年时的一次经历。
to
be traced
the
be traced back to
18.gifted
/ g ft d/
adj.有天赋的;
有天才的;天资聪慧的
gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
(1)gift n. 天赋，天才，才能
(2)be gifted in (doing) sth. 在(做)……方面有天赋(＝be talented in)
(3)have a gift/talent for 有……天赋
show a talent for 显示出……天赋
be talented in/at 在……方面有天赋
(4)a gifted dancer/musician 天才舞蹈演员/音乐家
He is gifted with the ability to understand various people and their cultures.
①Man is the only creature that is gifted ______ speech.
②Brian is ______ (gift) in writing music; he is likely to be a Beethoven.
③I believe my father is a ________ (talent) man.
with
gifted
talented
e down
/略/
患（病）;染上（小病）
come down with 患（病）；染上（小病）
1. I think I am coming down with flu.
我想我得了流感。
2. What other predictions do you know from science fiction books or films that have come true
你还知道有哪些科幻小说和电影中的预言已经变成了现实吗？
3. We do not know when this world came into being.
我们不知道世界是何时形成的。
4. Is that the best excuse you can come up with
那就是你能想出的最好借口吗？
come up with 提及；讨论；想出
come down 下来；降落
come about 发生
come to 总共，合计；苏醒
come across 偶然遇见，碰见；发现
come out (太阳等天体)出现；开花；出版，发行；为人所知
come into being 形成，产生
when it comes to 当谈到...
单句语法填空/完成句子
① Little Thomas chicken pox at the weekend.
小托马斯周末感染了水痘。
② I a group of children playing in the street.
在街上我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。
③ New stars continued to from the gas clouds of the disk.
新的恒星继续从圆盘中的气体云中形成。
④ Several of the members have suggestions of their own.
有几位成员提出了自己的建议。
⑤ Can you tell me how the accident
你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？
came down with
came across
come into being
come up with
came about
20.besides
/b sa dz/
prep.除…之外（还）;
adv. 而且;此外
besides prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且; 此外
Besides being brilliant, he was brave...(教材P9)除了才华横溢之外,他还勇敢……
except (用于所言不包括的人或事物前)除……之外,强调所排除的、不包括在内的,一般表示同类之间的关系
except for 除……之外,其后的内容与句子的主语不是同一类的。常对细节加以修正,含有美中不足之意
besides 除……之外(还),除外的部分也包含在整体内;还可作副词,意为“此外”
apart/aside from 具有besides(介词)、except以及except for的用法
in addition 副词短语,用法与副词besides类似
in addition to 除……之外(还),用法与介词besides类似
BOOK4 U1
21.above all
/略/
最重要的是;尤其是
above all 最重要的是；尤其是
1. Schooling requires above all that students learn, solve problems and think abstractly.
学校教育首先要求学生学习、解决问题并进行抽象思维。
2. Never waste anything, and above all never waste time.
不要浪费任何东西，尤其是不要浪费时间。
3. All in all, things worked out for the better.
总的来说，情况有所好转了。
above all 最重要的是；尤其是
at all 根本；全然
after all 毕竟；终究
in all 总共；总计
all in all 总的来说，总而言之
first of all 首先，第一
单句语法填空/完成句子
① We go to school to learn how to learn, so that when we have left school, we can continue to learn.
我们上学最重要的是学会如何学习，这样，当我们离开学校时，我们就能继续学习。
② Don’t get discouraged by setbacks. We are new to the work ．
别因挫折而灰心。这工作对我们来说毕竟还是陌生的。
③ , the display has been a great success.
总的来说，表演非常成功。
④ If you want to speak good English, you should listen to fluent English as often as possible.
如果你想说好英语，首先你应该尽可能经常地听流利的英语。
above all
after all
All in all
first of all
22.fault
/f lt/
n.弱点;过错
fault n. 弱点；过错
1. The police arrived at the scene and concluded that the driver was at fault.
警方到达现场，断定这是司机的责任。
2. You are too ready to find fault with other people.
你太喜欢挑别人的毛病了。
3. Why should I say sorry when it’s not my fault
不是我的错为什么要我道歉？
be one’s fault 是某人的过错
be at fault 有过错；有责任
find fault with 挑剔，挑……的毛病
It's one's fault for (doing) sth. (做)某事是某人的过失。
It's one's fault that... ……是某人的过失
单句语法填空/完成句子
① I was disappointed whenever the cook found fault my work.
② I think the owners are fault for not warning us.
③ There is no perfect person. Don’t always him.
没有完美的人。不要总是挑他的毛病。
with
at
find fault with
23.shift
/ ft/
n.改变;转换;轮班
vi. &vt 转移;挪动;转向
shift n．改变；转换；轮班　vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
a shift in sth. 某方面的转变
a dramatic shift in public opinion
公众舆论的急剧变化
a shift of emphasis 重点的转移
working in shifts 轮班工作
He shifted his luggage to his flat.
①After the guard recovered from his injury, he went on the night shift again.____________
②Lend me a hand to shift this box, will you？____________
③This accident caused a dramatic shift in public opinion.____________
名词，轮班
动词，挪动
名词，改变
24.vivid
/ v v d/
adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的
vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
vivid memories 清晰的记忆
a vivid imagination 活跃的想象力
a vivid description 生动的描述
give a vivid account of... 生动描述
He gave a vivid account of his life as a fighter pilot.
①The characters in the book are ________ (vivid) presented.
②I ________ (vivid) remember the day we first met.
③The dream was ______________ (如此逼真) he felt himself to be awake.
vividly
vividly
so vivid that
MissQ
Remember to go
over everything
you put down