Unit 4 Natural Disasters Words and Expressions 课件(共100张PPT)人教版(2019)必修第一册

(共100张PPT)
unit 4
Natural Disasters
重 点 单 词
death
n.呼吸 n.深度，深刻
n.缺乏，供应不足 n.死;死亡
[deθ]
death
词性转换
death ( n. )死亡，死讯
dead ( adj. ) 已经死亡的
dying ( adj. )垂死挣扎的
deadly ( adj. )致命的
die ( v. )死亡
固定搭配
deadly attacks 致命攻击
deadly diseases 致命疾病
die of+疾病 死于某种疾病
die from+非疾病 死于...
die out 灭绝
the death of sb 某人的死亡
die、dead、death、dying
1.die
1.单词意思：(v)死亡；消失，灭亡
2.用法：die是终止性动词，不用于被动语态。
常用搭配：die from/ of “…因…而死”。
3.例句：How did he die Was it poison （他是怎么死的 是中毒吗 ）
die、dead、death、dying
2.dead
1.单词意思：(adj)死的，去世的；无生气的，死气沉沉的
2.用法：dead是形容词，表状态，可以跟表示延续的时间状语连用。
3.例句：His grandfather has been dead for five years.（他的祖
父去世已经有五年了。）
die、dead、death、dying
3.death
1.单词意思：(n)死，死亡；破灭，终止
2.例句：His death was totally unexpected.（他的死完全出人意料。）
die、dead、death、dying
4.dying
1.单词意思：(adj) 临终的，垂死的；消亡的，没落的
2.用法：同时是die的现在分词，意为“要死了”。
3.例句：By the time our officers arrived, the dead and the dying were everywhere. （当我们的警官到达的时候已是遍地尸首
和垂死的人。)
die、dead、death、dying
选择题（词义与词性辨析）
1. The old man _____ peacefully in his sleep last night.
A. dead B. death C. died D. dying
答案：C (die 的过去式，表示动作)
2. After the accident, three people were pronounced _____ at the scene.
A. die B. dead C. death D. dying
答案：B (形容词，表示状态)
3. The _____ of her pet dog made her very sad.
A. die B. dead C. death D. dying
答案：C (名词，指“死亡”事件)
4. The _____ soldier whispered his last words to the nurse.
A. die B. dead C. death D. dying
答案：D (现在分词作形容词，表示“垂死的”)
rescue
n.残渣，剩余 n.救援；抢救
adj.不安的 n.救护员
[ reskju ]
rescue
(1)go/come to sb. 's rescue = rescue sb. 救援某人
(2)rescue...from... 把......从......营救出来
复数 rescues
过去式 rescued
现在分词 rescuing
过去分词 rescued
第三人称单数 rescues
变形
固定搭配
rescue
一、填空题（介词搭配）
The dog was rescued _____ the river by a passerby.
二、改错题
The coast guard rescues the sailors off the sinking ship.
错误：off → from (rescue from)
三、翻译题
直升飞机将伤员从山区救出。
The helicopter rescued the injured from the mountains.
from
damage
v.裂开 n.蜘蛛网
v.损害；伤害；破坏 adj.猛烈的，凶猛的
['d m d ]
damage
1.cause/suffer damage 造成/遭受损害
2.do damage to sb.=do sb. harm
对某人造成伤害
第三人称单数 damages
复数 damages
过去式 damaged
现在分词 damaging
过去分词 damaged
变形
固定搭配
damage
填空题（介词搭配）
1. The flood did a lot of damage _____ the crops.
2. Smoking can cause permanent damage _____ your lungs.
改错题
1. The fire damages several houses in the neighborhood.*
错误：damages → damaged (动词过去式)
2. He claimed $5,000 for the damage of his property.
错误：of → to (damage to)
to
to
affect
v.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动 n.缺陷，缺点
v.痛苦，苦恼 v.传染，浸染
[ 'fekt]
effect
v.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动 n.影响;结果;效果
v.痛苦，苦恼 adj.思考的
[ 'fekt]
affect
affect sb./sth.影响某人/某事
be deeply affected by 被深深打动
n.喜爱 affection
adj.受影响的 affected
adj.动人的 affecting过去式 affected
现在分词 affecting
过去分词 affected
变形
固定搭配
effect
have an effect on= affect 对......产生影响
take effect 生效
side effect 副作用
名词 ：effect（作用/影响/效果）
动词 ：effect（实现/引起）
形容词 ：effective（有效的）
副词 ：effectively（有效地）
变形
固定搭配
effect、affect
affect 一般作为动词使用，表示对某事或某人产生影响或改变。例如：The weather affects my mood.天气影响我的心情。
effect 作为动词使用时，通常指实现或导致某事。这个用法比较正式，一般用于法律或政治等领域。
例如：The new law will effect some changes in the education system.新的法律将实现教育制度的一些改变。
effect、affect
effect 一般作为名词使用，表示结果或后果。
例如：The effect of the drug was amazing.药物的效果很惊人。
affect作为名词使用时，通常指情感或情绪。这个用法比较少见，般只在心理学或医学等专业领域出现。
例如：He showed no affect when he heard the news.他听到消息时没有表现出任何情绪。
effect、affect
选择题（基础辨析）
1. The loud noise _____ my ability to concentrate.
A. affected B. effected C. affect D. effect
答案：A (affect 作动词，表示“影响”)
2. The new law had a positive _____ on the economy.
A. affect B. effect C. affected D. effected
答案：B (effect 作名词，表示“效果”)
3. The medication may _____ your sleep patterns.
A. effect B. affect C. affected D. effecting
答案：B (affect 作动词)
A
B
B
ruin
v.打击 n.&v.破坏;毁坏
n.拳头，暴力 v.调整
[ ru n]
ruin
ruin sth./sb. （毁坏某物/某人）
bring sb. to ruin （使某人破产）
fall into ruin 逐渐衰败
in ruins 严重受损
过去式 ruined
现在分词 ruining
过去分词 ruined
第三人称单数 ruins
复数 ruins
变形
固定搭配
ruin，damage，destroy
(1) ruin 严重地“毁坏”，侧重指破坏事物的内在价值。
The illness has ruined my life.
(2) damage 部分性“破坏”“损坏”，一般还可以修复。
You have damaged my bike; you'd better get it repaired.
(3) destroy 彻底地“破坏”毁坏”，一般不能或很难再修复。The bomb completely destroyed that building.
ruin，damage，destroy
选择题（词义强度与用法）
1. The storm _____ several houses, but they can be repaired.
A. ruined B. damaged C. destroyed
答案：B (damage 指部分损坏，可修复)
2. The fire completely _____ the ancient library, leaving nothing usable. A. ruined B. damaged C. destroyed
答案：C (destroy 指彻底毁灭，无法恢复)
3. Too much sugar will _____ your teeth over time.
A. ruin B. damage C. destroy
答案：A (ruin 强调逐渐破坏，常指健康/计划/关系)
ruin，damage，destroy
填空题（用 ruin/damage/destroy 的正确形式填空）
1. The earthquake the bridge, but engineers say it can be fixed.
2. Her reputation was by the scandal.
3. The bomb the entire building in seconds.
4. Heavy rain our picnic plans.
damaged
ruined
destroyed
ruined
shock
n.房子 adj.吓人的
n.股票，存货 n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克
vt.(使)震惊
[ k]
shock
(1) vt. & vi.（使）震惊；震动
be shocked at/that...
be shocked to do ...
对.....感到震惊因做某事而震惊
(2) n.休克；打击；震惊
be a shock to...对.....…而言是一件震惊的事
in shock 震惊；休克
shocked ad. 震惊的
shocking adj. 令人震惊的
变形
固定搭配
shock
一、单句语法填空
① Looking at the house which lay in ruins shock, he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped.
② All of us were at the news that
many deaths had been caused by the mountain fire.(shock)
③I was shocked (hear) the news that his car got crashed the other day seriously. The news was shock to us.
shocked
shocking
in
to hear
a
shock
一、单句语法填空
① Looking at the house which lay in ruins shock, he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped.
② All of us were at the news that
many deaths had been caused by the mountain fire.(shock)
③I was shocked (hear) the news that his car got crashed the other day seriously. The news was shock to us.
shocked
shocking
in
to hear
a
bury
adj.忙碌的 vt.埋葬;安葬
adj.率真的 v.烧
['beri]
bury
(1)bury...in...把....埋到.....里
bury one's face in hands 双手掩面
eg.She decided to bury the secret deep within herself.
她决定把这个秘密深藏心底。
(2) be buried in=bury (oneself) in
埋头于；专心于，沉浸于
eg.Since his wife left, he has buried himself in his work.
自从妻子离开之后，他一直都埋头于工作。
固定搭配
bury
1.She and wept when she heard the bad news.
当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。
2. In the past three weeks, we have been burying (we) in study because the exam is drawing near.
在过去的三周里，我们一直专心于学习，因为考试即将到来。
buried her face in her hands
ourselves
bury
3. (bury) in his study, he didn't know that all the others had left.
= (bury) himself in his study, he didn't know that all
the others had left.
=Because he (bury) in his study, he didn't know
that all the others had left.
他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。
Buried
Burying
was buried
breathe
v.破坏 n.宽度
v.产生 vi.& vt.呼吸
[bri ]
breathe
take a deep breath 深呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
breathe in吸入，吸气
breathe out 呼气
breathe the fresh air 呼吸新鲜空气
breathe (v)呼吸
breath (n) 呼吸
breathless (adj) 气喘吁吁的
breathlessly (adv) 气喘吁吁地
变形
固定搭配
breath，breathe
意义：指吸入肺内或呼出肺外的一口空气或指呼吸。
用法：take a breath 吸一口气
例句：She took a deep breath.
breath
breath，breathe
意义：呼吸。
用法：breathe in 吸气
breathe out 呼气
例句：Take a deep breath and breathe in the fresh morning air.
breathe
breath，breathe
填空题（用 breath/breathe 的正确形式填空）
1. Hold your _____ for 10 seconds underwater.
(答案：breath)
2. It's hard to _____ in this polluted air.
(答案：breathe)
3. Her _____ smelled like mint.
(答案：breath)
4. Patients with asthma may _____ heavily.
(答案：breathe)
effort
n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力 n.效果
v.护送 v.飞起来
[ ef (r)t]
effort
(1)make an effort to do sth. 尽力做某事
(2)It takes effort to do sth. 花费精力去做某事。
(3)spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事(4)put effort into (doing) sth.努力做某事
(5)in an effort to do sth.为了做某事
(6)with / without effort 费力地/ 毫不费力地
固定搭配
effort
填空题（介词搭配）
1. They succeeded their efforts.
2. She won the competition _____ minimal effort.
3. The project required a lot of effort _____ everyone.
改错题
1. He made effort to improve his grades.
错误：effort → an effort (需冠词)
2. Her efforts on learning French paid off.
错误：on → in (effort in doing)
3. It took a great deal of efforts to build the bridge.
错误：efforts → effort (不可数名词)
through
with
from
wisdom
n.眼镜 adj.光亮的
n.智慧;才智 v.希望
['w zd m]
wisdom
the wisdom of our ancestors
我们祖先的智慧
it's wise to do sth 做某事是有智慧的
it's unwise to do sth 做某事是不明智的
wise (adj) 智慧的
wisely (adv)智慧地
unwise (adj) 不明智的unwisely (adv)不明智地
wisdom (n)智慧
变形
固定搭配
wisdom
填空题（介词搭配）
1. His advice was full _____ wisdom.
2. The book offers wisdom _____ how to live a happy life.
3. She spoke _____ great wisdom about the issue.
of
on
with
suffer
n.东西 vt. 遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
n.硫磺 v.缓冲
[ s f (r)]
suffer
vt.遭受，蒙受
suffer pain/defeat/loss 遭受痛苦[失败/损失
vi. （因疾病，痛苦，悲伤等）受苦，受折磨
suffer from sth.承受...的痛苦
suffer for sth. 因某事受苦
固定搭配
suffer
填空题（介词搭配）
1. He suffered _____ a heart attack last year.
改错题
The village suffered of drought last summer.*
错误：of → from (suffer from)
翻译题
战争期间，平民遭受了巨大的痛苦。
Civilians endured great suffering during the war.
from
survive
vi.生存;存活 adj.偷偷的
n.服务 v.猜测
[s (r) va v]
survive
the wisdom of our ancestors
我们祖先的智慧
it's wise to do sth 做某事是有智慧的
it's unwise to do sth 做某事是不明智的
survive v.存活，生存
survival n.生存，存活
survivor n.幸存者，存活者
survey v.探索，探查
surviving adj.继续存在的，未
死的，依然健在的
survivalist n.幸存者；生还
者；残存物
变形
固定搭配
power
v.降低，减少 n.粉末
n.火药 n.权力；力量
[ pa (r)]
emergency
n.突发事件;紧急情况 n.婚约，订婚
adj.新兴的 n.引擎
[ m (r)d ( )nsi]
emergency
in case of emergency假如遇到紧急情况
emergency service 紧急服务
emergent aid 紧急的援助
emergent resources 紧急物资
emergency exits 紧急出口
emergency(n)紧急情况emergent (adi) 紧急的emerge(v)浮现
变形
固定搭配
emergency
填空题（介词搭配）
1. The fire department responded quickly _____ the emergency.
2. She kept a first-aid kit _____ emergency use.
3. The pilot made _____ emergency landing.
翻译题
请记住，这个灭火器仅供紧急情况下使用。
Remember, this fire extinguisher is for emergency use only.
to
for
an
单 词 速 记
disaster
adj.截然不同的，独特的，清晰的 n.厌恶，讨厌
v.暴露，显露 n.灾害；灾难；灾祸；不幸
[d zɑ st (r)]
Disaster threatens on every side.
disaster
词性转换
disaster n.灾难，灾害
disastrous adj.灾难性的、极其糟糕的
disastrously adv.灾难性地
固定搭配
natural disaster : 自然灾害
man-made disaster :人为灾难
eg : The disastrous oil spill, a man-made disaster, spread disastrously and caused even more damage than many natural disasters.
这场灾难性的石油泄漏——一起人为灾难——灾难性地扩散，造成的破坏甚至超过了许多自然灾害。）
tornado
n.龙卷风 n.鱼雷
adj.不高兴的 adj.死气沉沉的，懒散的
[t (r) ne d ]
A powerful tornado tore through the small town.
drought
n.气流，通风 n.旱灾；枯竭；旱季
n.不乐意的，不舒服 n.挂心，关心
[dra t]
The drought dried up the river.
drought
droughty adj.干旱的，干燥的
dry adj.干涸的 v.使干燥
dryness n.干燥状态
词性转换
固定搭配
drought-resistant （复合形容词）
耐旱的，常见于农业术语。
landslide
v.倒退 n.美丽的风景
n.滑坡，塌方；山体滑坡 n.输送路线
[ l n(d) sla d]
slide
n.手指 adj.快速的
n.一边，一面 v.使滑动
[sla d]
tsunami
v.引发骚动 n.海啸
v.升起，升高 n.轰隆声
[tsu nɑ mi]
flood
n.地面 n.城市
adj.涨红的 n.洪水；水灾；大量
v.淹没；泛滥
[fl d]
magnitude
n.震级；巨大 n.抖动
adj.害怕的 n.丰富，大量
[ m ɡn tju d]
evacuate
v.撤离；（从危险的地方）撤出 v.逃跑，跑走
n.烟雾 adj.惊慌失措的
[ v kjue t]
destroy
v.倒塌 v.哭泣
n.房屋 v.破坏；摧毁
[d 'str ]
helicopter
v.升空 n.直升机
n.帮忙者 adj.旋转的
[ hel k pt (r)]
shelter
n.百叶窗 adj.苗条的
n.避难处;居所;庇护 vt.保护;掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险) v.放置在架子上
[ elt (r)]
crack
n.有怪癖的人 adj.动摇的
n.疼痛 n.裂纹;裂缝
vi.& vt.(使)破裂
[kr k]
gas
n.气体;燃气;汽油 n.空气
n.盖子 v.猜测
[ɡ s]
brick
adj.寒冷的 n.悬崖
n.砖;砖块 n.一堆
[br k]
metal
adj.心理上的 n.金属
n.花瓣 adj.致命的
['met( )l]
trap
n.流浪汉 n.陷阱
v.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.托盘
[tr p]
revive
vt.&vi.复活;(使)苏醒 n.复习
v.修改 v.侮辱
[r 'va v]
revival
n.消除 n.竞争对手
v.揭示 n.振兴;复苏
[r 'va v( )l
unify
adj.独一无二的 vi.&vt.统一;(使)成一体
v.使纯净 n.小刀
[ ju n fa ]
context
n.上下文;语境;背景 v.鄙视
v.主张 n.比赛
[ k ntekst]
volcano
n.职业 n.电压
adj.茫然的 n.火山
[v l ke n ]
supply
n.晚餐 adv.简单地
adj.柔顺的 n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品
v.供应;供给
[s 'pla ]
typhoon
n.台风 n.印刷工
n.有钱有势的人 n.钥匙
[ta fu n]
hurricane
n.鲱鱼 n.障碍，跨栏
n.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风 n.栅栏
[ h r k n]
tap
n.磁带 vi.&vt.轻叩;轻敲;轻拍
n.水龙头;轻叩;轻敲
n.陷阱 v.减少
[t p]
pipe
n.突堤 n.长枪
n.松树 n.管子;管道
[pa p]
whistle
v.摔跤 conj.虽然
vi.吹口哨;发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n.哨子(声);呼啸声 v.削木头
['w s( )l]
calm
adj.镇静的;沉着的 vt.使平静;使镇静 adj.冷静的
n.小牛 n.手掌
[kɑ m]
aid
v.添加 n.援助;帮助;救援物资
vi.&vt.(formal)帮助;援助
v.加油 n.突击
[e d]
kit
n.成套工具;成套设备 n.风筝
v.编织 n.少量
[k t]
crash
v.发生冲突 n.垃圾
vt.&vi.碰撞;撞击 n.撞车;碰撞 adj.粗鲁的
[kr ]
sweep
adj.陡峭的 n.睡眠
adj.美好的 vt.&vi.(swept,swept)打扫;清扫
[swi p]
wave
n.海浪;波浪 vi.&vt.挥手;招手 v.织布
v.具有 v.醒来
[we v]
strike
n.大步 vi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭;突击;击打
n.罢工;罢课;袭击
v.纷争 n.条纹
[stra k]
deliver
n.潜水员 n.司机
vt.&vi.递送;传达 vt.发表 n.优雅
[d l v (r)]
summary
n.夏季 n.会议
v.召唤 n.总结;概括;概要
['s m ri]
length
adj.长度的 n.顶点
n.长;长度 adj.长的
[le θ]
词 性 转 换
1.die v.死亡；消亡→ death n.死；死亡→ died adj.死的；枯萎的→ dying adj.垂死的；临死的→ deadly adj.致命的
2.affect v.影响；侵袭→ effect n.影响；结果；效果→ effective adj. 有效的→ effectively adv.有效地→affection n.喜爱；关爱
3. shock v.（使）震惊 n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克→ shocking adj.令人震惊的→ shocked adj.感到震惊的
4. breathe v. 呼吸→ breath n. 呼吸→ breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的
breathlessly adv. 气喘吁吁地
5.wise adj. 明智的→ wisely adv.明智地→ wisdom n. 智慧；才塑
6. unify ν.统一；使成为一体→ unified adj.统一的→ unification n.联合；统一
7. revive v.复活；（使）苏醒→revival n.复苏；振兴
8. survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存→ survival n.幸存；残存物→survivor n.幸存者
9. suffer v. 遭受；蒙受；因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n.苦难；痛苦→ sufferer n. 患病者：受苦者
10. erupt v.（火山）爆发；喷发→ eruption n.爆发；喷发
11. long adj. 长的；长期的→ length n.长；长度→ lengthen v.（使）变长；加长
12.deliver vt.递送；生；接生；发表→delivery n.递送→deliverer n.投递者
13.emergency n.突发事件；紧急情况→emergent adj.出现的；紧急的
emerge n.出现；浮现
14.strike vi. & vt.&n.打；撞击；罢工→ struck （过去式）→stricken
（过去分词）→ striking adj.迷人的→ striker n.罢工者；前锋
15.summary n.总结；概括→summarize v.总结；概括
16.suppy n.供应；补给；pl补给品vt.供应；供给→ supplier n.供应商