（单元培优卷）Unit 5 Off to space 单元核心素养培优卷（含答案解析）-2025 - 2026学年七年级上册英语沪教版（2024）
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| 名称 | （单元培优卷）Unit 5 Off to space 单元核心素养培优卷（含答案解析）-2025 - 2026学年七年级上册英语沪教版（2024） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2025-10-20 22:50:57 | ||
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/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
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2025 - 2026学年七年级上册英语单元核心素养培优卷沪教版（2024）
Unit 5 Off to space
本试卷共11页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
Why do we weigh differently on other planets When you weigh yourself, you see a number. Whether you like it or not, that’s your 1 on Earth, right You may 2 : Do I weigh the same on other planets
Before exploring the answer to this, it’s important to understand the 3 between weight and mass (质量). The two seem to be the 4 when we use them in our daily conversation. But to a physicist, they are 5 different things.
The mass of a body is a measure (测量) of how 6 matter it holds. Your mass does not change with 7 . If you 8 on the moon, there will be no change in your size or shape. That means your mass 9 the same. Your mass doesn’t change on other planets, 10 , but the gravity (重力) and size of those planets affect how much you weigh. Your weight on any planet is a result of your mass, the gravity of the planet and the distance (距离) you are from the center of the planet. Your weight is a measure of the pull of gravity between you and the planet you are standing on. The 11 the gravity is, the higher your weight is. Astronauts may not weigh anything in space and can move around without touching anything 12 , because there is no gravity to 13 them down. As a result, there is no weight.
How much gravity the planet has 14 the size of the planet. A small planet has less gravity and a larger planet has more gravity. If you were to stand on a more massive (巨大的) planet such as Jupiter (木星), you would 15 more; if you were to stand on a less massive planet such as Mars, you would weigh less.
1．A．light B．flight C．weight D．sight
2．A．repeat B．reflect C．reply D．wonder
3．A．role B．size C．patience D．difference
4．A．same B．name C．time D．home
5．A．slowly B．completely C．easily D．cheaply
6．A．heavy B．many C．long D．much
7．A．temperatures B．weather C．planets D．vacations
8．A．compete B．land C．reach D．control
9．A．remains B．changes C．produces D．develops
10．A．too B．instead C．either D．only
11．A．earlier B．later C．taller D．higher
12．A．freely B．quietly C．safely D．certainly
13．A．push B．pull C．blow D．create
14．A．focuses on B．turns on C．depends on D．gets on
15．A．fight B．weigh C．get D．increase
二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读以下三篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个与短文内容相符的最佳选项。
A
If you go to the Gulf of Mexico, you can see there is a big hole. It is called the Chicxulub Crater. Some people believe it was because of a huge asteroid (小行星) hitting this place, and the hit made dinosaurs die out millions of years ago.
This idea was first suggested in 1980. Later, scientists used special tools to find out what would happen if it was true. It showed that the asteroid could hit Earth at 40,000 miles per hour, leading to a big hole, a great tsunami (海啸), earthquakes, and the melting (熔化) of tons of rocks. The hit took away millions of lives around the Chicxulub Crater.
The terrible story didn’t stop there. Minutes later, hot rocks started to rain down, and there was deadly dirt everywhere on the ground. More animals were burnt to death. After several hours, a super-hot wind knocked down anything still standing.
In weeks, the sky was full of ash. Days became nights. This covered the sunlight for months or even years. Many plants died first. Then lots of animals died too because of food shortages, including almost all dinosaurs.
Although this idea sounds possible, the question of how dinosaurs died out remains unsolved scientifically. But as scientists discover more dinosaur fossils, we may know the truth one day.
16．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．The idea that a rock from space made a big hole on Earth.
B．The thought that the asteroid made dinosaurs die out.
C．The truth that all dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.
D．The fact that the Chicxulub Crater is in the Gulf of Mexico.
17．According to the scientists, what happened when the asteroid hit Earth
A．A big hole appeared in North America.
B．The asteroid hit Earth at 40,000 miles per second.
C．The hit made lots of rocks melt.
D．Millions of lives were lost in Mexico.
18．According to the idea, what was the reason for the death of almost all dinosaurs
A．Food shortages. B．No sunlight. C．Ash and dirt. D．The asteroid’s hit.
19．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．The dirt after the hit didn’t hurt animals on the ground.
B．Hours later, animals died because of harmful gases.
C．We will surely know the truth from dinosaur fossils.
D．There isn’t a scientific reason for the dinosaurs’ die-off.
20．Where can you probably find this passage
A．In a storybook about dinosaurs.
B．In a science book about space.
C．In an encyclopaedia of animals.
D．In a travel magazine about Mexico.
B
China’s Asteroid Defense Mission (小行星防御任务)
In September 2025, at the 3rd International Conference on Deep Space Exploration, Wu Weiren, the leader of China’s Lunar Exploration Program, announced an exciting plan. China will test a new technology to hit an asteroid with a spacecraft. This makes China only the second country in the world to develop such technology, helping to protect Earth from future dangers.
Asteroids are a real threat to our planet. While the chance of an asteroid hitting Earth soon is small, about 2,200 asteroids near Earth could be dangerous. A small asteroid might cause local damage, but a large one could lead to global disasters.
China’s mission will use a special method: “flyby-impact-flyby” (“伴飞—撞击—伴飞”模式). First, a probe (探测器) will fly close to the asteroid to collect information. Then, an impactor will crash into the asteroid at 6.5 km per second. Finally, the probe will watch the collision (碰撞) to see if the asteroid’s path changes—making sure it won’t hit Earth for many years.
Unlike NASA’s DART mission, which studied two asteroids, China’s mission will focus on one asteroid to get more data (数据). China also encourages countries to work together and share information, because protecting Earth from asteroids is everyone’s responsibility.
This mission is important for advancing space technology. It also reminds us of Earth’s history: 66 million years ago, a huge asteroid struck near Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula. The impact blocked sunlight, cooled the planet, and destroyed the food chain, killing 75% of all species, including dinosaurs. This shows why we must defend against asteroids.
21．How many countries have developed asteroid-hitting technology before China
A．Zero. B．One. C．Two. D．Three.
22．Why is China’s asteroid defense mission important
A．It makes China the first country to develop asteroid-hitting technology.
B．It allows China to hit an asteroid with a rock.
C．It helps protect Earth from future dangers.
D．It focuses on studying two asteroids like NASA’s DART mission.
23．What’s the difference between China’s mission and NASA’s DART mission
A．DART studied one asteroid; China studies two.
B．China’s mission will get more data through single-asteroid focus.
C．DART used a flyby method, while China uses impact.
D．China’s mission is for scientific research, not defense.
24．How does the text show the importance of asteroid defense
A．By listing numbers of asteroids. B．By describing dying out of dinosaurs.
C．By introducing a famous scientist. D．By showing a movie.
25．Where would this passage most probably appear
A．A science fiction novel. B．A newspaper article about space exploration.
C．A history textbook. D．A travel magazine.
C
Green aviation (航空) is becoming more and more important. With the development of the world, people are paying more attention to the environment. Aviation is one of the industries that cause pollution. So, making aviation greener is necessary.
One way to make aviation greener is to use new fuels (燃料). Scientists are working hard to find new fuels that are cleaner than the traditional ones. For example, some airlines are starting to use biofuels (生物燃料). These fuels are made from plants. They can reduce a lot of pollution.
Another way is to improve the design of airplanes. New-designed airplanes are more aerodynamic (空气动力学的). They can fly more efficiently (高效地), using less fuel. This also helps to reduce pollution.
Moreover, airlines can also manage their flights better. By planning the flight routes carefully, airplanes can avoid unnecessary detours (绕行), saving fuel and reducing emissions (排放).
Green aviation is good for the environment and the future of our planet. Although there are still many challenges, more and more people and companies are working towards this goal.
26．Why is green aviation important
A．Because people like green.
B．Because aviation causes pollution and people care about the environment.
C．Because new fuels are expensive.
D．Because it can make more money.
27．What is one way to make aviation greener
A．To use more traditional fuels. B．To make airplanes bigger.
C．To use new fuels. D．To fly more often.
28．What are biofuels made from
A．Animals. B．Rocks. C．Plants. D．Water.
29．How can airlines manage their flights better
A．By using more fuel. B．By planning flight routes carefully.
C．By making more detours. D．By using traditional fuels.
30．What does the writer think of green aviation
A．It is not necessary.
B．It has no challenges.
C．It is good for the environment and the future, but there are challenges.
D．It will not be realized.
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读短文，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。
Learning About the International Space Station
The International Space Station (ISS) is a huge spacecraft that orbits Earth. It’s a place where astronauts from different countries live and do scientific research. For students learning about space, understanding the ISS can be exciting and educational. Here are some key points to know about this amazing “lab in the sky”.
Astronauts on the ISS have a busy daily routine. They usually wake up at 6 a.m. and start their day with exercise — this is super important because without gravity, their muscles and bones can get weak. After exercise, they eat breakfast (often dehydrated food that’s easy to store) and then start their work. 31 These experiments help scientists learn how things work in space — like how plants grow without gravity or how the human body changes over time in zero gravity. Some experiments even help develop new medicines that can be used on Earth too.
Living in space means adapting to many differences from Earth. For example, there’s no gravity, so astronauts float everywhere! They sleep in special sleeping bags that are tied to the walls to stop them from floating around at night. 32 They use special pens that work in zero gravity and even have to learn how to wash their hair with no running water (they use dry shampoo!). Every small task takes practice to do in space.
The ISS doesn’t have its own supply of air or water, so it needs systems to recycle these resources. 33 The station also collects water from things like astronauts’ sweat and breath, filters it, and reuses it. This recycling is crucial because sending new supplies from Earth is very expensive and takes a long time.
Astronauts on the ISS don’t have much free time, but when they do, they like to relax. Some watch movies or read books, while others look out of the station’s windows at Earth. 34 Many astronauts say seeing Earth from space makes them feel grateful and helps them understand how important it is to protect our planet. They can also talk to their families back home via video calls, which helps them feel connected.
When an astronaut’s mission ends (usually after 6 months), they return to Earth in a spacecraft. Re-entering Earth’s atmosphere is dangerous — their spacecraft heats up a lot, so it has a special heat shield to protect them.
35 After landing, they need time to readjust to gravity — they might feel dizzy or tired at first, but they soon get used to being back on Earth.
Learning about the ISS helps us understand more about space exploration. It shows how people from different countries can work together to achieve something amazing, and it gives us clues about how we might live in space in the future.
A．They spend most of their workday doing scientific experiments.
B．Once they land safely, they are checked by doctors to make sure they’re healthy.
C．Air is cleaned and recycled — carbon dioxide is removed, and oxygen is added.
D．They also have to be careful with food crumbs, which can float into equipment and cause problems.
E．Some even take photos of Earth’s beautiful landscapes to share with people back home.
F．Astronauts have to train for years before they can go to the ISS.
G．The ISS is visited by spacecraft from different countries, which bring supplies like food and fuel.
三、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
36．You need (circle) the school things in the picture.
37．My teacher asked us to make an (introduce) to our hometown.
38．Thanks for lending me the money. I (pay) you back on Friday.
39．After running for a long time, he stopped to take a deep . (breathe)
40．I (travel) with my grandparents next month.
41．She has five years’ (经验) in teaching English.
42．I’d like to watch the TV (节目) Great World.
43．I think different people have different (梦想).
44．We will (停留) on the beach for an hour and have fun.
45．Exercises of this kind are very (广受欢迎的).
四、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
46．努力学习，总有一天你的梦想会成真。
Work hard, and your dream will one day.
47．然后她让我们圈出课本中所有的新单词。
Then she asks us to all the new words in the book.
48．然后，他让我们在课本上圈出一些重要的单词。
Then, he asked us to some important words in the textbook.
49．跟我一起去公园吧，我们会在那儿玩得很开心。
Come with me and we will in the park.
50．如果我有空去旅游，我会选择享受美丽的自然风光。
If I have time to go travelling, I will to enjoy the beautiful natural .
五、短文选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空， 使短文完整正确。(每个单词限用一次， 每空限填一个单词。)
know, explore, universe, ancient, easy, they, people, land, out, thousand
The universe is very large and full of mysteries. Humans are interested in space for 51 of years. In 52 times, people looked at the universe and wanted to know what was out there. Humans first 53 on the Moon to explore over fifty years ago.
However, some people think space 54 is not necessary (必要的)．But I disagree (不同意) with 55 . Space projects are very good for 56 life. Many different kinds of products, such as weather and communication satellites (卫星) , are also from space projects. People will get into trouble (麻烦) 57 if they don’t have these products.
Now, many countries are working hard to find 58 much more about space all the time. It’s true that the 59 is so big that we only know a little of it. We are really looking forward to 60 more about space.
六、短文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。
The Moon has always interested people, and now 61 (science) are sending spaceships to explore it. The Moon is far away from the Earth. If you were to drive to the Moon at a speed of 95km per hour, it would take you about 6 months 62 (get) there.
A fun fact about the Moon is that there is much less gravity. This 63 (mean) that if you weigh 66kg on Earth, you would only weigh about 11kg on 64 Moon, only about 1/6 of the weight on Earth! It would feel like you are floating!
The Moon has many 65 (amaze) geographic features, such as craters (陨石坑), mountains, and lava plains (熔岩平原). 66 , there is no air, so people cannot breathe there.
Unlike the Earth, where we 67 (usual) have warm days and cool nights, the Moon gets very hot during the day and very cold at night. Also, a full day on the Moon lasts about 27.3 Earth 68 (day).
And the Moon is not a source (来源) of light itself. It looks bright 69 it reflects (反射) light from the Sun. As the Moon moves around the Earth, it gets different amounts of sunlight. That’s why 70 (its) has changing shapes.
七、读写结合（共两节，满分25分）
第一节 任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
China and Pakistan recently made a big step in space cooperation. They signed an agreement for Pakistani astronauts to visit China’s Tiangong Space Station. This will be the first time that China helps a foreign country pick and train astronauts for Tiangong. And it will be the first time Tiangong has a non-Chinese visitor.
The agreement was signed in Islamabad. Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif was there. The two sides will spend about a year choosing Pakistani astronaut candidates (候选人). Then, these candidates will come to China for hard and special training. After training, one Pakistani will fly to Tiangong with Chinese astronauts and stay there for a short time. This cooperation is a great example of South-South cooperation, which will improve Pakistan’s space development.
A So far, the highest altitude a Pakistani has ever achieved is about 87.4 km. B This cooperation sets a good example for other developing countries. C It can encourage more countries to work together in space exploration. D
Since Tiangong’s first part was launched (发射) in 2021, China has planned to have foreign astronauts on the station. Chinese space leaders said China is open to international cooperation. Many countries, including Pakistan, ▲ .
Pakistani trainees will face hard training. They must learn Chinese because it’s the language used in Tiangong. They also need to get their bodies and minds ready for space. They have to learn how to live in microgravity (微重力). After reaching Tiangong, the Pakistani astronaut will do scientific experiments (实验) made by Pakistani researchers.
根据短文内容，回答问题。
71．What can we learn from the agreement
72．How long will it take to choose Pakistani astronaut candidates
73．创新考法·还原信息The sentence “But space starts at 100 km above sea level.” is missing. Where should we put it, A, B, C or D
74．创新考法·补全句子What can we fill in “ ▲ ” in the passage
75．Why do Pakistani trainees have to learn Chinese
第二节 书面表达（共1题，满分15分）
76．学校航空爱好者社团正在举办一场展演，他们请你写一篇关于木星的英文介绍，用于展出。请以“My Favorite Planet—Jupiter”为题，根据下面的提示内容，用英语写一篇介绍木星的短文。
提示内容：1. 木星是太阳系中最大的行星，比其他所有行星加起来还要大；
2. 它有一个著名的大红斑，是一场巨大的风暴（storm）；
3. 木星有很多卫星（moon），其中一些卫星很特别，像木卫二（Europa）可能存在液态水（liquid water）；
4. 科学家们对木星很感兴趣，一直在研究它。
写作要求：1. 短文中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名；
2. 词数80—100词。
My Favorite Planet—Jupiter
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参考答案及试题解析
1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了为何在不同星球上体重不同，先区分体重与质量，说明重力取决于星球大小及对体重的影响。
1．句意：无论你喜欢与否，那就是你在地球上的体重，对吗？
light轻的；flight航班；weight体重；sight视力。根据“Why do we weigh differently on other planets ”可知，此处指的是在地球上的体重，故选C。
2．句意：你可能会好奇：我在其他星球上体重会一样吗？
repeat重复；reflect反映；reply回复；wonder好奇、想知道。根据“Do I weigh the same on other planets ”可知，这是一个疑问，体现出“好奇”的心理，故选D。
3．句意：在探究这个问题的答案之前，理解体重和质量之间的区别很重要。
role角色；size尺寸；patience耐心；difference区别。根据“The two seem to be...But to a physicist, they are...different things”可知，后文在对比体重和质量，所以此处是要理解两者的“区别”，故选D。
4．句意：当我们在日常对话中使用这两个词时，它们似乎是一样的。
same相同的；name名字；time时间；home家。根据“But to a physicist, they are...different things”可知，前后句存在转折关系，后文说“不同”，前文则应说“相同”，故选A。
5． 句意：但对物理学家来说，它们是完全不同的事物。
slowly缓慢地；completely完全地；easily容易地；cheaply便宜地。根据“The two seem to be the same when we use them in our daily conversation”可知，此处要强调在物理学家眼中，两者“完全”不同，故选B。
6．句意：物体的质量是衡量它所含物质多少的量度。
heavy重的；many许多（修饰可数名词复数）；long长的；much许多（修饰不可数名词）。“matter”是不可数名词，此处表示“物质的多少”，修饰不可数名词需用“much”，故选D。
7．句意：你的质量不会随着星球的变化而变化。
temperatures温度；weather天气；planets星球；vacations假期。根据“Your mass doesn’t change on other planets”可知，此处指质量不会随“星球”变化而变化，故选C。
8．句意：如果你登上月球，你的体型和形状不会有任何变化。
compete竞争；land登陆、登上；reach到达；control控制。空后“on the moon”是地点，此处表示“登上”月球，“land on”为固定短语，符合语境，故选B。
9．句意：那意味着你的质量保持不变。
remains保持；changes改变；produces生产；develops发展。根据“If you land on the moon, there will be no change in your size or shape”可知，体型和形状不变，所以质量也“保持”不变，故选A。
10．句意：你的质量在其他星球上也不会改变，但那些星球的重力和体积会影响你的体重。
too也（用于肯定句末尾）；instead反而；either也（用于否定句末尾）；only仅仅。根据“Your mass doesn’t change on other planets”可知，是否定句，否定句末尾表示“也”用“either”，故选C。
11．句意：重力越大，你的体重就越重。
earlier更早；later更晚；taller更高（修饰身高）；higher更高（修饰程度、数值等）。根据“if you were to stand on a more massive planet such as Jupiter, you would...more; if you were to stand on a less massive planet such as Mars, you would weigh less”可知，星球质量大则重力大，体重也重，所以“重力越大，体重越重”，“gravity”（重力）的“大”用“higher”修饰，故选D。
12．句意：宇航员在太空中可能没有重量，可以自由移动而不用触碰任何东西，因为没有重力把他们往下拉。
freely自由地；quietly安静地；safely安全地；certainly当然。根据“there is no gravity”可知，没有重力束缚，宇航员可以“自由地”移动，故选A。
13．句意：宇航员在太空中可能没有重量，可以自由移动而不用触碰任何东西，因为没有重力把他们往下拉。
push推；pull拉；blow吹；create创造。重力的作用是将物体“拉”向星球中心，此处表示没有重力把宇航员往下“拉”，故选B。
14．句意：一个星球有多大的重力取决于它的体积。
focuses on专注于；turns on打开；depends on取决于；gets on上车。根据“A small planet has less gravity and a larger planet has more gravity”可知，星球的重力“取决于”它的体积，故选C。
15．句意：如果你站在像木星这样质量更大的星球上，你会更重；如果你站在像火星这样质量更小的星球上，你会更轻。
fight打架；weigh重量为、称重；get得到；increase增加。根据“if you were to stand on a less massive planet such as Mars, you would weigh less”可知，前后句结构对称，后文说“weigh less”，前文则应说“weigh more”，故选B。
16．B 17．C 18．A 19．D 20．B
【导语】本文围绕墨西哥湾的希克苏鲁伯陨石坑展开，介绍了小行星撞击地球导致恐龙灭绝的假说，包括撞击后的一系列灾难及恐龙灭绝的原因，最后指出恐龙灭绝之谜尚未完全解开。
16．词句猜测题。根据“Some people believe it was because of a huge asteroid (小行星) hitting this place, and the hit made dinosaurs die out millions of years ago.”及“This idea was first suggested in 1980. Later, scientists used special tools to find out what would happen if it was true.”可知，“it”指代前文提到的“小行星撞击导致恐龙灭绝”这一观点。故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据“It showed that the asteroid could hit Earth at 40,000 miles per hour, leading to a big hole, a great tsunami (海啸), earthquakes, and the melting (熔化) of tons of rocks.”可知，小行星撞击地球时导致大量岩石熔化。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据“Many plants died first. Then lots of animals died too because of food shortages, including almost all dinosaurs.”可知，几乎所有恐龙灭绝的原因是食物短缺。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据“the question of how dinosaurs died out remains unsolved scientifically.”可知，恐龙灭绝尚无科学定论。故选D。
20．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章围绕小行星撞击地球导致恐龙灭绝的科学假说展开，涉及太空（小行星）与科学知识，因此可能出现在关于太空的科学书中。故选B。
21．B 22．C 23．B 24．B 25．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了中国小行星防御任务的重要性、技术方法及其与NASA任务的差异，并通过恐龙灭绝的历史事件强调小行星防御的必要性。
21．细节理解题。根据“China will test a new technology to hit an asteroid with a spacecraft. This makes China only the second country in the world to develop such technology”可知，中国将测试用航天器撞击小行星的新技术，这使中国成为全球第二个掌握该技术的国家，故此前仅有一个国家开发过此类技术。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据“helping to protect Earth from future dangers”及全文对小行星威胁的讨论（如第2段“Asteroids are a real threat…”）可知，该任务的核心意义是保护地球。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据“Unlike NASA’s DART mission, which studied two asteroids, China’s mission will focus on one asteroid to get more data (数据)”可知，NASA的DART任务研究两颗小行星，而中国任务专注于一颗以获取更多数据，故差异在于单颗小行星的深度研究。故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据“It also reminds us of Earth’s history: 66 million years ago, a huge asteroid… killing 75% of all species, including dinosaurs”可知，作者通过历史灾难案例强调防御重要性。故选B。
25．推理判断题。通读全文可知，全文围绕中国小行星防御任务的技术、意义及国际合作展开，属于科技与太空探索领域的客观报道，符合新闻报道特征。选项B“太空探索的报纸文章”最贴合。故选B。
26．B 27．C 28．C 29．B 30．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了绿色航空的重要性，并具体阐述了通过使用新型燃料、改进飞机设计以及优化航班管理三种途径来实现绿色航空，同时指出尽管面临挑战，但其对环境和地球未来具有重要意义。
26．细节理解题。根据第一段“Aviation is one of the industries that cause pollution. So, making aviation greener is necessary.”可知，绿色航空重要是因为航空业造成污染，而人们关注环境。故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段“One way to make aviation greener is to use new fuels”可知，使用新型燃料是实现绿色航空的途径之一。故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段“These fuels are made from plants.”可知，生物燃料来源于植物。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第四段“By planning the flight routes carefully, airplanes can avoid unnecessary detours, saving fuel and reducing emissions.”可知，通过仔细规划航线可以更好地管理航班。故选B。
30．观点态度题。根据最后一段“Green aviation is good for the environment and the future of our planet. Although there are still many challenges...”可知，作者认为绿色航空对环境和未来有益，但仍面临挑战。故选C。
31．A 32．D 33．C 34．E 35．B
【导语】本文主要围绕国际空间站展开，向学生介绍了空间站的核心信息。
31．根据“These experiments help scientists learn how things work in space”可知，此处提到实验对科学家的帮助，选项A“他们大部分工作时间都在做科学实验。”符合语境。故选A。
32．根据“For example, there’s no gravity, so astronauts float everywhere! They sleep in special sleeping bags that are tied to the walls to stop them from floating around at night.”可知，此处提到宇航员在太空的日常生活，选项D“他们还必须小心食物屑，因为食物屑会飘进设备并造成问题。”符合语境。故选D。
33．根据“The ISS doesn’t have its own supply of air or water, so it needs systems to recycle these resources.”可知，此处提到ISS需回收空气和水资源，选项C“空气被净化和回收——二氧化碳被去除，氧气被添加。”符合语境。故选C。
34．根据“while others look out of the station’s windows at Earth.”可知，此处提到宇航员休闲时从空间站的窗外看地球，选项E“有些人甚至拍下地球上美丽的风景照片，与家乡的人们分享。”符合语境。故选E。
35．根据“they return to Earth in a spacecraft.”可知，此处提到宇航员返回地球，选项B“一旦他们安全着陆，医生会对他们进行检查，以确保他们的健康。”符合语境。故选B。
36．to circle
【解析】句意：你需要在图片里圈出学习用品。circle“圈出”，根据“need”可知，考查need to do sth“需要做某事”，因此填不定式。故填to circle。
37．introduction
【解析】句意：我的老师让我们做一个关于家乡的介绍。空前的不定冠词an后需接可数名词单数；introduce是动词，其对应的名词形式为introduction。make an introduction to...意为 “做关于……的介绍”，固定搭配，故填introduction。
38．will pay
【解析】句意：谢谢你借给我钱。我将在星期五还给你。根据“…you back on Friday”和句子语境可知，句子描述的是将来的事情，应用一般将来时，结构为“will+动词原形”，故填will pay。
39．breath
【解析】句意：跑了很长时间后，他停下来深呼吸。breathe是动词，意为“呼吸”；根据“take a deep ...”可知此处用名词单数，breath“呼吸”。故填breath。
40．will travel
【解析】句意：下个月我将和我的祖父母一起去旅行。根据“next month”可知，时态是一般将来时，故填will travel。
41．experience
【解析】句意：她有五年的英语教学经验。experience“经验”，是不可数名词，故填experience。
42．program/programme
【解析】句意：我想看电视节目《Great World》。program/programme“节目”，名词。故填program/programme。
43．dreams
【解析】句意：我认为不同的人有不同的梦想。根据汉语提示“梦想”可知，其对应的英文是“dream”，为可数名词，此处表示泛指（多种不同的梦想），需用复数形式dreams。故填dreams。
44．stay
【解析】句意：我们将在海滩上停留一个小时，玩得开心。停留：stay，动词，will后跟动词原形。故填stay。
45．popular
【解析】句意：这种运动很受欢迎。结合提示词“广受欢迎的”和“are”可知，这里要填一个形容词“popular广受欢迎的”，作表语。故填popular。
46．come true
【解析】根据句意可知，此处表示“（梦想等）实现”，用动词短语“come true”，且“will”后接动词原形。故填come；true。
47．circle
【解析】根据中英对照可知，此处缺少“圈出”，其对应英语单词为circle。ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”，固定搭配。故填circle。
48．circle
【解析】circle“圈出”，为动词，ask sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”，故填circle。
49．have fun
【解析】根据中英对照可知，此处缺少“玩得开心”，其对应英语表达为“have fun”。will为情态动词，后接动词原形。故填have；fun。
50．choose scenery
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“选择”，“风光”，choose“选择”，是动词，此处是一般将来时will do，第一空用动词原形。scenery“风光”，是不可数名词，第二空为scenery；故填choose；scenery。
51．thousands 52．ancient 53．landed 54．exploration 55．them 56．people’s 57．easily 58．out 59．universe 60．knowing
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了太空探索。
51．句意：几千年来，人类一直对外太空感兴趣。for后面跟时间段，此处指“几千年来”，备选词thousand符合句意，此处表示概数，thousand应用复数形式。故填thousands。
52．句意：在古代，人们看着宇宙，想知道外面有什么。根据“people looked at the universe and wanted to know what was out there.”可知，在古代人们看着宇宙，想知道外面有什么，结合备选词此处应填ancient，修饰times。故填ancient。
53．句意：自从人类第一次登上月球以来，已经将近50多年了。根据“since humans first ... on the moon”及备选词可知，此处指登上月球，land“登录”，since从句用一般过去时。故填landed。
54．句意：然而，一些人认为太空探索是没有必要的。根据“some people think space … is not necessary (必要的)．”可知，think后的宾语从句缺少主语，备选词explore符合句意，此处应用explore的名词形式作主语。故填exploration。
55．句意：但是我不同意他们的观点。上文讲到了“一些人认为太空探索是没有必要的”的观点，根据“disagree with...”可知，此处指不同意他们的观点，空处用they的宾格形式them。故填them。
56．句意：太空项目对人们的生活非常有好处。根据“Space projects are very good for … life.”，结合备选词可知，此处需用people的名词所有格作定语修饰life。故填people’s。
57．句意：如果没有这些产品，人们很容易陷入麻烦。分析句子可知，空处应填副词修饰动词短语get into；根据“People will get into trouble... if they don’t have these products.”及备选词可知，没有这些产品的话，人们会很容易遇到麻烦的，easy的副词形式easily“容易地”符合语境，故填easily。
58．句意：现在，许多国家一直在努力寻找有关太空探索的更多信息。此处考查动词短语find out“发现”，故选out。
59．句意：宇宙是如此之大，以至于我们只能对它了解一点。根据“It’s true that the … is so big that we only know a little of it.”，结合备选词可知，空处是指universe“宇宙”。故填universe。
60．句意：我们真的很期待更多地了解太空。根据“We are really looking forward to … more about space.”，结合备选词可知know符合句意，动词短语look forward to doing sth.期待做某事，故填knowing。
61．scientists 62．to get 63．means 64．the 65．amazing 66．However 67．usually 68．days 69．because 70．it
【导语】本文介绍了月球相关知识。
61．句意：月球一直让人们感兴趣，现在科学家们正在发射宇宙飞船去探索它。根据“are sending spaceships”可知，此处指科学家们正在探索月球。science的名词形式scientist“科学家”符合题意；此处需用复数形式。故填scientists。
62．句意：如果你以每小时95公里的速度开车去月球，大约需要6个月才能到达那里。it takes sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间”，是固定句型。故填to get。
63．句意：这意味着，如果你在地球上重66公斤，在月球上你将只重约11公斤，只有地球上重量的1/6！根据“This”可知，this指代单数，文章时态为一般现在时，谓语动词需用三单形式；mean的第三人称单数形式是means。故填means。
64．句意：这意味着，如果你在地球上重66公斤，在月球上你将只重约11公斤，只有地球上重量的1/6！根据“the Moon”可知，表示独一无二的事物前用定冠词the。故填the。
65．句意：月球有许多令人惊叹的地理特征，如陨石坑、山脉和熔岩平原。根据“geographic features”可知，修饰名词用形容词，amaze的形容词形式amazing“令人惊叹的”。故填amazing。
66．句意：然而，那里没有空气，所以人们不能在那里呼吸。前文讲月球的地理特征，此处讲没有空气的缺点，表转折，用However，句首首字母大写，故填However。
67．句意：与地球不同，在地球上我们通常有温暖的白天和凉爽的夜晚，而月球白天非常热，夜晚非常冷。分析句子可知，空处应是副词，作状语，usual的副词形式是usually，故填usually。
68．句意：而且，月球上的一整天大约持续27.3个地球日。根据“27.3”可知，后接可数名词复数，day的复数是days，故填days。
69．句意：它看起来很亮，因为它反射来自太阳的光。前后句是因果关系，“因为”because。故填because。
70．句意：这就是为什么它有不断变化的形状。根据“has changing shapes.”可知，空格处缺少主语；作主语，用主格，its的主格是it，故填it。
71．Pakistani astronauts will visit Tiangong Space Station. 72．About one year. 73．B 74．are interested in it/want to take part in it 75．Because it’s the language used in Tiangong.
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述中国和巴基斯坦在太空合作方面迈出了一大步，签署了巴基斯坦宇航员访问中国天宫空间站的协议。
71．根据文章第1段“They signed an agreement for Pakistani astronauts to visit China’s Tiangong Space Station.”可知，从协议中我们能了解到巴基斯坦宇航员将访问天宫空间站。故填Pakistani astronauts will visit Tiangong Space Station.
72．根据文章第2段“The two sides will spend about a year choosing Pakistani astronaut candidates (候选人).”可知，挑选巴基斯坦宇航员候选人需要大约一年时间。故填About one year.
73．根据文章第3段“So far, the highest altitude a Pakistani has ever achieved is about 87.4 km.”以及要还原的句子“But space starts at 100 km above sea level.”，将其放在B处，能更好地衔接上下文，说明太空的起始高度与巴基斯坦之前达到的高度对比。故填B.
74．根据文章第4段“China has planned to have foreign astronauts on the station… Many countries, including Pakistan, ▲.”结合上下文，此处应补充“对与中国合作表现出兴趣”的内容。故填are interested in it/want to take part in it.
75．根据文章最后一段“They must learn Chinese because it’s the language used in Tiangong.”可知，巴基斯坦受训人员必须学习中文是因为中文是天宫使用的语言。故填Because it’s the language used in Tiangong.
76．参考范文：
My Favorite Planet—Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest planet in our solar system. It’s much larger than all the other planets together.
There is one thing very special on Jupiter—the Great Red Spot. It’s a huge storm. This storm lasts for a long time. Jupiter has many moons. One of its moons is called Europa. Scientists think there may be liquid water on Europa. Water is very important because where there is water, there might be life.
Scientists like Jupiter a lot. They study it all the time. They want to know more about Jupiter and the universe. I like Jupiter too. It’s so interesting and there’s so much to learn about it.
【解析】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇说明文，为材料作文；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏，适当增加细节完整表述内容。
[写作步骤]
第一步，介绍木星在太阳系中的地位；
第二步，介绍木星及其卫星的特点；
第三步，最后介绍科学家们对研究木星的兴趣及自己的感悟。
[亮点词汇]
①last for持续
②all the time一直
[高分句型]
①Water is very important because where there is water, there might be life.（because引导原因状语从句）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
2025 - 2026学年七年级上册英语单元核心素养培优卷沪教版（2024）
Unit 5 Off to space
本试卷共11页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
Why do we weigh differently on other planets When you weigh yourself, you see a number. Whether you like it or not, that’s your 1 on Earth, right You may 2 : Do I weigh the same on other planets
Before exploring the answer to this, it’s important to understand the 3 between weight and mass (质量). The two seem to be the 4 when we use them in our daily conversation. But to a physicist, they are 5 different things.
The mass of a body is a measure (测量) of how 6 matter it holds. Your mass does not change with 7 . If you 8 on the moon, there will be no change in your size or shape. That means your mass 9 the same. Your mass doesn’t change on other planets, 10 , but the gravity (重力) and size of those planets affect how much you weigh. Your weight on any planet is a result of your mass, the gravity of the planet and the distance (距离) you are from the center of the planet. Your weight is a measure of the pull of gravity between you and the planet you are standing on. The 11 the gravity is, the higher your weight is. Astronauts may not weigh anything in space and can move around without touching anything 12 , because there is no gravity to 13 them down. As a result, there is no weight.
How much gravity the planet has 14 the size of the planet. A small planet has less gravity and a larger planet has more gravity. If you were to stand on a more massive (巨大的) planet such as Jupiter (木星), you would 15 more; if you were to stand on a less massive planet such as Mars, you would weigh less.
1．A．light B．flight C．weight D．sight
2．A．repeat B．reflect C．reply D．wonder
3．A．role B．size C．patience D．difference
4．A．same B．name C．time D．home
5．A．slowly B．completely C．easily D．cheaply
6．A．heavy B．many C．long D．much
7．A．temperatures B．weather C．planets D．vacations
8．A．compete B．land C．reach D．control
9．A．remains B．changes C．produces D．develops
10．A．too B．instead C．either D．only
11．A．earlier B．later C．taller D．higher
12．A．freely B．quietly C．safely D．certainly
13．A．push B．pull C．blow D．create
14．A．focuses on B．turns on C．depends on D．gets on
15．A．fight B．weigh C．get D．increase
二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读以下三篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个与短文内容相符的最佳选项。
A
If you go to the Gulf of Mexico, you can see there is a big hole. It is called the Chicxulub Crater. Some people believe it was because of a huge asteroid (小行星) hitting this place, and the hit made dinosaurs die out millions of years ago.
This idea was first suggested in 1980. Later, scientists used special tools to find out what would happen if it was true. It showed that the asteroid could hit Earth at 40,000 miles per hour, leading to a big hole, a great tsunami (海啸), earthquakes, and the melting (熔化) of tons of rocks. The hit took away millions of lives around the Chicxulub Crater.
The terrible story didn’t stop there. Minutes later, hot rocks started to rain down, and there was deadly dirt everywhere on the ground. More animals were burnt to death. After several hours, a super-hot wind knocked down anything still standing.
In weeks, the sky was full of ash. Days became nights. This covered the sunlight for months or even years. Many plants died first. Then lots of animals died too because of food shortages, including almost all dinosaurs.
Although this idea sounds possible, the question of how dinosaurs died out remains unsolved scientifically. But as scientists discover more dinosaur fossils, we may know the truth one day.
16．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．The idea that a rock from space made a big hole on Earth.
B．The thought that the asteroid made dinosaurs die out.
C．The truth that all dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.
D．The fact that the Chicxulub Crater is in the Gulf of Mexico.
17．According to the scientists, what happened when the asteroid hit Earth
A．A big hole appeared in North America.
B．The asteroid hit Earth at 40,000 miles per second.
C．The hit made lots of rocks melt.
D．Millions of lives were lost in Mexico.
18．According to the idea, what was the reason for the death of almost all dinosaurs
A．Food shortages. B．No sunlight. C．Ash and dirt. D．The asteroid’s hit.
19．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．The dirt after the hit didn’t hurt animals on the ground.
B．Hours later, animals died because of harmful gases.
C．We will surely know the truth from dinosaur fossils.
D．There isn’t a scientific reason for the dinosaurs’ die-off.
20．Where can you probably find this passage
A．In a storybook about dinosaurs.
B．In a science book about space.
C．In an encyclopaedia of animals.
D．In a travel magazine about Mexico.
B
China’s Asteroid Defense Mission (小行星防御任务)
In September 2025, at the 3rd International Conference on Deep Space Exploration, Wu Weiren, the leader of China’s Lunar Exploration Program, announced an exciting plan. China will test a new technology to hit an asteroid with a spacecraft. This makes China only the second country in the world to develop such technology, helping to protect Earth from future dangers.
Asteroids are a real threat to our planet. While the chance of an asteroid hitting Earth soon is small, about 2,200 asteroids near Earth could be dangerous. A small asteroid might cause local damage, but a large one could lead to global disasters.
China’s mission will use a special method: “flyby-impact-flyby” (“伴飞—撞击—伴飞”模式). First, a probe (探测器) will fly close to the asteroid to collect information. Then, an impactor will crash into the asteroid at 6.5 km per second. Finally, the probe will watch the collision (碰撞) to see if the asteroid’s path changes—making sure it won’t hit Earth for many years.
Unlike NASA’s DART mission, which studied two asteroids, China’s mission will focus on one asteroid to get more data (数据). China also encourages countries to work together and share information, because protecting Earth from asteroids is everyone’s responsibility.
This mission is important for advancing space technology. It also reminds us of Earth’s history: 66 million years ago, a huge asteroid struck near Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula. The impact blocked sunlight, cooled the planet, and destroyed the food chain, killing 75% of all species, including dinosaurs. This shows why we must defend against asteroids.
21．How many countries have developed asteroid-hitting technology before China
A．Zero. B．One. C．Two. D．Three.
22．Why is China’s asteroid defense mission important
A．It makes China the first country to develop asteroid-hitting technology.
B．It allows China to hit an asteroid with a rock.
C．It helps protect Earth from future dangers.
D．It focuses on studying two asteroids like NASA’s DART mission.
23．What’s the difference between China’s mission and NASA’s DART mission
A．DART studied one asteroid; China studies two.
B．China’s mission will get more data through single-asteroid focus.
C．DART used a flyby method, while China uses impact.
D．China’s mission is for scientific research, not defense.
24．How does the text show the importance of asteroid defense
A．By listing numbers of asteroids. B．By describing dying out of dinosaurs.
C．By introducing a famous scientist. D．By showing a movie.
25．Where would this passage most probably appear
A．A science fiction novel. B．A newspaper article about space exploration.
C．A history textbook. D．A travel magazine.
C
Green aviation (航空) is becoming more and more important. With the development of the world, people are paying more attention to the environment. Aviation is one of the industries that cause pollution. So, making aviation greener is necessary.
One way to make aviation greener is to use new fuels (燃料). Scientists are working hard to find new fuels that are cleaner than the traditional ones. For example, some airlines are starting to use biofuels (生物燃料). These fuels are made from plants. They can reduce a lot of pollution.
Another way is to improve the design of airplanes. New-designed airplanes are more aerodynamic (空气动力学的). They can fly more efficiently (高效地), using less fuel. This also helps to reduce pollution.
Moreover, airlines can also manage their flights better. By planning the flight routes carefully, airplanes can avoid unnecessary detours (绕行), saving fuel and reducing emissions (排放).
Green aviation is good for the environment and the future of our planet. Although there are still many challenges, more and more people and companies are working towards this goal.
26．Why is green aviation important
A．Because people like green.
B．Because aviation causes pollution and people care about the environment.
C．Because new fuels are expensive.
D．Because it can make more money.
27．What is one way to make aviation greener
A．To use more traditional fuels. B．To make airplanes bigger.
C．To use new fuels. D．To fly more often.
28．What are biofuels made from
A．Animals. B．Rocks. C．Plants. D．Water.
29．How can airlines manage their flights better
A．By using more fuel. B．By planning flight routes carefully.
C．By making more detours. D．By using traditional fuels.
30．What does the writer think of green aviation
A．It is not necessary.
B．It has no challenges.
C．It is good for the environment and the future, but there are challenges.
D．It will not be realized.
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读短文，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。
Learning About the International Space Station
The International Space Station (ISS) is a huge spacecraft that orbits Earth. It’s a place where astronauts from different countries live and do scientific research. For students learning about space, understanding the ISS can be exciting and educational. Here are some key points to know about this amazing “lab in the sky”.
Astronauts on the ISS have a busy daily routine. They usually wake up at 6 a.m. and start their day with exercise — this is super important because without gravity, their muscles and bones can get weak. After exercise, they eat breakfast (often dehydrated food that’s easy to store) and then start their work. 31 These experiments help scientists learn how things work in space — like how plants grow without gravity or how the human body changes over time in zero gravity. Some experiments even help develop new medicines that can be used on Earth too.
Living in space means adapting to many differences from Earth. For example, there’s no gravity, so astronauts float everywhere! They sleep in special sleeping bags that are tied to the walls to stop them from floating around at night. 32 They use special pens that work in zero gravity and even have to learn how to wash their hair with no running water (they use dry shampoo!). Every small task takes practice to do in space.
The ISS doesn’t have its own supply of air or water, so it needs systems to recycle these resources. 33 The station also collects water from things like astronauts’ sweat and breath, filters it, and reuses it. This recycling is crucial because sending new supplies from Earth is very expensive and takes a long time.
Astronauts on the ISS don’t have much free time, but when they do, they like to relax. Some watch movies or read books, while others look out of the station’s windows at Earth. 34 Many astronauts say seeing Earth from space makes them feel grateful and helps them understand how important it is to protect our planet. They can also talk to their families back home via video calls, which helps them feel connected.
When an astronaut’s mission ends (usually after 6 months), they return to Earth in a spacecraft. Re-entering Earth’s atmosphere is dangerous — their spacecraft heats up a lot, so it has a special heat shield to protect them.
35 After landing, they need time to readjust to gravity — they might feel dizzy or tired at first, but they soon get used to being back on Earth.
Learning about the ISS helps us understand more about space exploration. It shows how people from different countries can work together to achieve something amazing, and it gives us clues about how we might live in space in the future.
A．They spend most of their workday doing scientific experiments.
B．Once they land safely, they are checked by doctors to make sure they’re healthy.
C．Air is cleaned and recycled — carbon dioxide is removed, and oxygen is added.
D．They also have to be careful with food crumbs, which can float into equipment and cause problems.
E．Some even take photos of Earth’s beautiful landscapes to share with people back home.
F．Astronauts have to train for years before they can go to the ISS.
G．The ISS is visited by spacecraft from different countries, which bring supplies like food and fuel.
三、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
36．You need (circle) the school things in the picture.
37．My teacher asked us to make an (introduce) to our hometown.
38．Thanks for lending me the money. I (pay) you back on Friday.
39．After running for a long time, he stopped to take a deep . (breathe)
40．I (travel) with my grandparents next month.
41．She has five years’ (经验) in teaching English.
42．I’d like to watch the TV (节目) Great World.
43．I think different people have different (梦想).
44．We will (停留) on the beach for an hour and have fun.
45．Exercises of this kind are very (广受欢迎的).
四、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
46．努力学习，总有一天你的梦想会成真。
Work hard, and your dream will one day.
47．然后她让我们圈出课本中所有的新单词。
Then she asks us to all the new words in the book.
48．然后，他让我们在课本上圈出一些重要的单词。
Then, he asked us to some important words in the textbook.
49．跟我一起去公园吧，我们会在那儿玩得很开心。
Come with me and we will in the park.
50．如果我有空去旅游，我会选择享受美丽的自然风光。
If I have time to go travelling, I will to enjoy the beautiful natural .
五、短文选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空， 使短文完整正确。(每个单词限用一次， 每空限填一个单词。)
know, explore, universe, ancient, easy, they, people, land, out, thousand
The universe is very large and full of mysteries. Humans are interested in space for 51 of years. In 52 times, people looked at the universe and wanted to know what was out there. Humans first 53 on the Moon to explore over fifty years ago.
However, some people think space 54 is not necessary (必要的)．But I disagree (不同意) with 55 . Space projects are very good for 56 life. Many different kinds of products, such as weather and communication satellites (卫星) , are also from space projects. People will get into trouble (麻烦) 57 if they don’t have these products.
Now, many countries are working hard to find 58 much more about space all the time. It’s true that the 59 is so big that we only know a little of it. We are really looking forward to 60 more about space.
六、短文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。
The Moon has always interested people, and now 61 (science) are sending spaceships to explore it. The Moon is far away from the Earth. If you were to drive to the Moon at a speed of 95km per hour, it would take you about 6 months 62 (get) there.
A fun fact about the Moon is that there is much less gravity. This 63 (mean) that if you weigh 66kg on Earth, you would only weigh about 11kg on 64 Moon, only about 1/6 of the weight on Earth! It would feel like you are floating!
The Moon has many 65 (amaze) geographic features, such as craters (陨石坑), mountains, and lava plains (熔岩平原). 66 , there is no air, so people cannot breathe there.
Unlike the Earth, where we 67 (usual) have warm days and cool nights, the Moon gets very hot during the day and very cold at night. Also, a full day on the Moon lasts about 27.3 Earth 68 (day).
And the Moon is not a source (来源) of light itself. It looks bright 69 it reflects (反射) light from the Sun. As the Moon moves around the Earth, it gets different amounts of sunlight. That’s why 70 (its) has changing shapes.
七、读写结合（共两节，满分25分）
第一节 任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
China and Pakistan recently made a big step in space cooperation. They signed an agreement for Pakistani astronauts to visit China’s Tiangong Space Station. This will be the first time that China helps a foreign country pick and train astronauts for Tiangong. And it will be the first time Tiangong has a non-Chinese visitor.
The agreement was signed in Islamabad. Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif was there. The two sides will spend about a year choosing Pakistani astronaut candidates (候选人). Then, these candidates will come to China for hard and special training. After training, one Pakistani will fly to Tiangong with Chinese astronauts and stay there for a short time. This cooperation is a great example of South-South cooperation, which will improve Pakistan’s space development.
A So far, the highest altitude a Pakistani has ever achieved is about 87.4 km. B This cooperation sets a good example for other developing countries. C It can encourage more countries to work together in space exploration. D
Since Tiangong’s first part was launched (发射) in 2021, China has planned to have foreign astronauts on the station. Chinese space leaders said China is open to international cooperation. Many countries, including Pakistan, ▲ .
Pakistani trainees will face hard training. They must learn Chinese because it’s the language used in Tiangong. They also need to get their bodies and minds ready for space. They have to learn how to live in microgravity (微重力). After reaching Tiangong, the Pakistani astronaut will do scientific experiments (实验) made by Pakistani researchers.
根据短文内容，回答问题。
71．What can we learn from the agreement
72．How long will it take to choose Pakistani astronaut candidates
73．创新考法·还原信息The sentence “But space starts at 100 km above sea level.” is missing. Where should we put it, A, B, C or D
74．创新考法·补全句子What can we fill in “ ▲ ” in the passage
75．Why do Pakistani trainees have to learn Chinese
第二节 书面表达（共1题，满分15分）
76．学校航空爱好者社团正在举办一场展演，他们请你写一篇关于木星的英文介绍，用于展出。请以“My Favorite Planet—Jupiter”为题，根据下面的提示内容，用英语写一篇介绍木星的短文。
提示内容：1. 木星是太阳系中最大的行星，比其他所有行星加起来还要大；
2. 它有一个著名的大红斑，是一场巨大的风暴（storm）；
3. 木星有很多卫星（moon），其中一些卫星很特别，像木卫二（Europa）可能存在液态水（liquid water）；
4. 科学家们对木星很感兴趣，一直在研究它。
写作要求：1. 短文中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名；
2. 词数80—100词。
My Favorite Planet—Jupiter
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参考答案及试题解析
1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了为何在不同星球上体重不同，先区分体重与质量，说明重力取决于星球大小及对体重的影响。
1．句意：无论你喜欢与否，那就是你在地球上的体重，对吗？
light轻的；flight航班；weight体重；sight视力。根据“Why do we weigh differently on other planets ”可知，此处指的是在地球上的体重，故选C。
2．句意：你可能会好奇：我在其他星球上体重会一样吗？
repeat重复；reflect反映；reply回复；wonder好奇、想知道。根据“Do I weigh the same on other planets ”可知，这是一个疑问，体现出“好奇”的心理，故选D。
3．句意：在探究这个问题的答案之前，理解体重和质量之间的区别很重要。
role角色；size尺寸；patience耐心；difference区别。根据“The two seem to be...But to a physicist, they are...different things”可知，后文在对比体重和质量，所以此处是要理解两者的“区别”，故选D。
4．句意：当我们在日常对话中使用这两个词时，它们似乎是一样的。
same相同的；name名字；time时间；home家。根据“But to a physicist, they are...different things”可知，前后句存在转折关系，后文说“不同”，前文则应说“相同”，故选A。
5． 句意：但对物理学家来说，它们是完全不同的事物。
slowly缓慢地；completely完全地；easily容易地；cheaply便宜地。根据“The two seem to be the same when we use them in our daily conversation”可知，此处要强调在物理学家眼中，两者“完全”不同，故选B。
6．句意：物体的质量是衡量它所含物质多少的量度。
heavy重的；many许多（修饰可数名词复数）；long长的；much许多（修饰不可数名词）。“matter”是不可数名词，此处表示“物质的多少”，修饰不可数名词需用“much”，故选D。
7．句意：你的质量不会随着星球的变化而变化。
temperatures温度；weather天气；planets星球；vacations假期。根据“Your mass doesn’t change on other planets”可知，此处指质量不会随“星球”变化而变化，故选C。
8．句意：如果你登上月球，你的体型和形状不会有任何变化。
compete竞争；land登陆、登上；reach到达；control控制。空后“on the moon”是地点，此处表示“登上”月球，“land on”为固定短语，符合语境，故选B。
9．句意：那意味着你的质量保持不变。
remains保持；changes改变；produces生产；develops发展。根据“If you land on the moon, there will be no change in your size or shape”可知，体型和形状不变，所以质量也“保持”不变，故选A。
10．句意：你的质量在其他星球上也不会改变，但那些星球的重力和体积会影响你的体重。
too也（用于肯定句末尾）；instead反而；either也（用于否定句末尾）；only仅仅。根据“Your mass doesn’t change on other planets”可知，是否定句，否定句末尾表示“也”用“either”，故选C。
11．句意：重力越大，你的体重就越重。
earlier更早；later更晚；taller更高（修饰身高）；higher更高（修饰程度、数值等）。根据“if you were to stand on a more massive planet such as Jupiter, you would...more; if you were to stand on a less massive planet such as Mars, you would weigh less”可知，星球质量大则重力大，体重也重，所以“重力越大，体重越重”，“gravity”（重力）的“大”用“higher”修饰，故选D。
12．句意：宇航员在太空中可能没有重量，可以自由移动而不用触碰任何东西，因为没有重力把他们往下拉。
freely自由地；quietly安静地；safely安全地；certainly当然。根据“there is no gravity”可知，没有重力束缚，宇航员可以“自由地”移动，故选A。
13．句意：宇航员在太空中可能没有重量，可以自由移动而不用触碰任何东西，因为没有重力把他们往下拉。
push推；pull拉；blow吹；create创造。重力的作用是将物体“拉”向星球中心，此处表示没有重力把宇航员往下“拉”，故选B。
14．句意：一个星球有多大的重力取决于它的体积。
focuses on专注于；turns on打开；depends on取决于；gets on上车。根据“A small planet has less gravity and a larger planet has more gravity”可知，星球的重力“取决于”它的体积，故选C。
15．句意：如果你站在像木星这样质量更大的星球上，你会更重；如果你站在像火星这样质量更小的星球上，你会更轻。
fight打架；weigh重量为、称重；get得到；increase增加。根据“if you were to stand on a less massive planet such as Mars, you would weigh less”可知，前后句结构对称，后文说“weigh less”，前文则应说“weigh more”，故选B。
16．B 17．C 18．A 19．D 20．B
【导语】本文围绕墨西哥湾的希克苏鲁伯陨石坑展开，介绍了小行星撞击地球导致恐龙灭绝的假说，包括撞击后的一系列灾难及恐龙灭绝的原因，最后指出恐龙灭绝之谜尚未完全解开。
16．词句猜测题。根据“Some people believe it was because of a huge asteroid (小行星) hitting this place, and the hit made dinosaurs die out millions of years ago.”及“This idea was first suggested in 1980. Later, scientists used special tools to find out what would happen if it was true.”可知，“it”指代前文提到的“小行星撞击导致恐龙灭绝”这一观点。故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据“It showed that the asteroid could hit Earth at 40,000 miles per hour, leading to a big hole, a great tsunami (海啸), earthquakes, and the melting (熔化) of tons of rocks.”可知，小行星撞击地球时导致大量岩石熔化。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据“Many plants died first. Then lots of animals died too because of food shortages, including almost all dinosaurs.”可知，几乎所有恐龙灭绝的原因是食物短缺。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据“the question of how dinosaurs died out remains unsolved scientifically.”可知，恐龙灭绝尚无科学定论。故选D。
20．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章围绕小行星撞击地球导致恐龙灭绝的科学假说展开，涉及太空（小行星）与科学知识，因此可能出现在关于太空的科学书中。故选B。
21．B 22．C 23．B 24．B 25．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了中国小行星防御任务的重要性、技术方法及其与NASA任务的差异，并通过恐龙灭绝的历史事件强调小行星防御的必要性。
21．细节理解题。根据“China will test a new technology to hit an asteroid with a spacecraft. This makes China only the second country in the world to develop such technology”可知，中国将测试用航天器撞击小行星的新技术，这使中国成为全球第二个掌握该技术的国家，故此前仅有一个国家开发过此类技术。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据“helping to protect Earth from future dangers”及全文对小行星威胁的讨论（如第2段“Asteroids are a real threat…”）可知，该任务的核心意义是保护地球。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据“Unlike NASA’s DART mission, which studied two asteroids, China’s mission will focus on one asteroid to get more data (数据)”可知，NASA的DART任务研究两颗小行星，而中国任务专注于一颗以获取更多数据，故差异在于单颗小行星的深度研究。故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据“It also reminds us of Earth’s history: 66 million years ago, a huge asteroid… killing 75% of all species, including dinosaurs”可知，作者通过历史灾难案例强调防御重要性。故选B。
25．推理判断题。通读全文可知，全文围绕中国小行星防御任务的技术、意义及国际合作展开，属于科技与太空探索领域的客观报道，符合新闻报道特征。选项B“太空探索的报纸文章”最贴合。故选B。
26．B 27．C 28．C 29．B 30．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了绿色航空的重要性，并具体阐述了通过使用新型燃料、改进飞机设计以及优化航班管理三种途径来实现绿色航空，同时指出尽管面临挑战，但其对环境和地球未来具有重要意义。
26．细节理解题。根据第一段“Aviation is one of the industries that cause pollution. So, making aviation greener is necessary.”可知，绿色航空重要是因为航空业造成污染，而人们关注环境。故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段“One way to make aviation greener is to use new fuels”可知，使用新型燃料是实现绿色航空的途径之一。故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段“These fuels are made from plants.”可知，生物燃料来源于植物。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第四段“By planning the flight routes carefully, airplanes can avoid unnecessary detours, saving fuel and reducing emissions.”可知，通过仔细规划航线可以更好地管理航班。故选B。
30．观点态度题。根据最后一段“Green aviation is good for the environment and the future of our planet. Although there are still many challenges...”可知，作者认为绿色航空对环境和未来有益，但仍面临挑战。故选C。
31．A 32．D 33．C 34．E 35．B
【导语】本文主要围绕国际空间站展开，向学生介绍了空间站的核心信息。
31．根据“These experiments help scientists learn how things work in space”可知，此处提到实验对科学家的帮助，选项A“他们大部分工作时间都在做科学实验。”符合语境。故选A。
32．根据“For example, there’s no gravity, so astronauts float everywhere! They sleep in special sleeping bags that are tied to the walls to stop them from floating around at night.”可知，此处提到宇航员在太空的日常生活，选项D“他们还必须小心食物屑，因为食物屑会飘进设备并造成问题。”符合语境。故选D。
33．根据“The ISS doesn’t have its own supply of air or water, so it needs systems to recycle these resources.”可知，此处提到ISS需回收空气和水资源，选项C“空气被净化和回收——二氧化碳被去除，氧气被添加。”符合语境。故选C。
34．根据“while others look out of the station’s windows at Earth.”可知，此处提到宇航员休闲时从空间站的窗外看地球，选项E“有些人甚至拍下地球上美丽的风景照片，与家乡的人们分享。”符合语境。故选E。
35．根据“they return to Earth in a spacecraft.”可知，此处提到宇航员返回地球，选项B“一旦他们安全着陆，医生会对他们进行检查，以确保他们的健康。”符合语境。故选B。
36．to circle
【解析】句意：你需要在图片里圈出学习用品。circle“圈出”，根据“need”可知，考查need to do sth“需要做某事”，因此填不定式。故填to circle。
37．introduction
【解析】句意：我的老师让我们做一个关于家乡的介绍。空前的不定冠词an后需接可数名词单数；introduce是动词，其对应的名词形式为introduction。make an introduction to...意为 “做关于……的介绍”，固定搭配，故填introduction。
38．will pay
【解析】句意：谢谢你借给我钱。我将在星期五还给你。根据“…you back on Friday”和句子语境可知，句子描述的是将来的事情，应用一般将来时，结构为“will+动词原形”，故填will pay。
39．breath
【解析】句意：跑了很长时间后，他停下来深呼吸。breathe是动词，意为“呼吸”；根据“take a deep ...”可知此处用名词单数，breath“呼吸”。故填breath。
40．will travel
【解析】句意：下个月我将和我的祖父母一起去旅行。根据“next month”可知，时态是一般将来时，故填will travel。
41．experience
【解析】句意：她有五年的英语教学经验。experience“经验”，是不可数名词，故填experience。
42．program/programme
【解析】句意：我想看电视节目《Great World》。program/programme“节目”，名词。故填program/programme。
43．dreams
【解析】句意：我认为不同的人有不同的梦想。根据汉语提示“梦想”可知，其对应的英文是“dream”，为可数名词，此处表示泛指（多种不同的梦想），需用复数形式dreams。故填dreams。
44．stay
【解析】句意：我们将在海滩上停留一个小时，玩得开心。停留：stay，动词，will后跟动词原形。故填stay。
45．popular
【解析】句意：这种运动很受欢迎。结合提示词“广受欢迎的”和“are”可知，这里要填一个形容词“popular广受欢迎的”，作表语。故填popular。
46．come true
【解析】根据句意可知，此处表示“（梦想等）实现”，用动词短语“come true”，且“will”后接动词原形。故填come；true。
47．circle
【解析】根据中英对照可知，此处缺少“圈出”，其对应英语单词为circle。ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”，固定搭配。故填circle。
48．circle
【解析】circle“圈出”，为动词，ask sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”，故填circle。
49．have fun
【解析】根据中英对照可知，此处缺少“玩得开心”，其对应英语表达为“have fun”。will为情态动词，后接动词原形。故填have；fun。
50．choose scenery
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“选择”，“风光”，choose“选择”，是动词，此处是一般将来时will do，第一空用动词原形。scenery“风光”，是不可数名词，第二空为scenery；故填choose；scenery。
51．thousands 52．ancient 53．landed 54．exploration 55．them 56．people’s 57．easily 58．out 59．universe 60．knowing
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了太空探索。
51．句意：几千年来，人类一直对外太空感兴趣。for后面跟时间段，此处指“几千年来”，备选词thousand符合句意，此处表示概数，thousand应用复数形式。故填thousands。
52．句意：在古代，人们看着宇宙，想知道外面有什么。根据“people looked at the universe and wanted to know what was out there.”可知，在古代人们看着宇宙，想知道外面有什么，结合备选词此处应填ancient，修饰times。故填ancient。
53．句意：自从人类第一次登上月球以来，已经将近50多年了。根据“since humans first ... on the moon”及备选词可知，此处指登上月球，land“登录”，since从句用一般过去时。故填landed。
54．句意：然而，一些人认为太空探索是没有必要的。根据“some people think space … is not necessary (必要的)．”可知，think后的宾语从句缺少主语，备选词explore符合句意，此处应用explore的名词形式作主语。故填exploration。
55．句意：但是我不同意他们的观点。上文讲到了“一些人认为太空探索是没有必要的”的观点，根据“disagree with...”可知，此处指不同意他们的观点，空处用they的宾格形式them。故填them。
56．句意：太空项目对人们的生活非常有好处。根据“Space projects are very good for … life.”，结合备选词可知，此处需用people的名词所有格作定语修饰life。故填people’s。
57．句意：如果没有这些产品，人们很容易陷入麻烦。分析句子可知，空处应填副词修饰动词短语get into；根据“People will get into trouble... if they don’t have these products.”及备选词可知，没有这些产品的话，人们会很容易遇到麻烦的，easy的副词形式easily“容易地”符合语境，故填easily。
58．句意：现在，许多国家一直在努力寻找有关太空探索的更多信息。此处考查动词短语find out“发现”，故选out。
59．句意：宇宙是如此之大，以至于我们只能对它了解一点。根据“It’s true that the … is so big that we only know a little of it.”，结合备选词可知，空处是指universe“宇宙”。故填universe。
60．句意：我们真的很期待更多地了解太空。根据“We are really looking forward to … more about space.”，结合备选词可知know符合句意，动词短语look forward to doing sth.期待做某事，故填knowing。
61．scientists 62．to get 63．means 64．the 65．amazing 66．However 67．usually 68．days 69．because 70．it
【导语】本文介绍了月球相关知识。
61．句意：月球一直让人们感兴趣，现在科学家们正在发射宇宙飞船去探索它。根据“are sending spaceships”可知，此处指科学家们正在探索月球。science的名词形式scientist“科学家”符合题意；此处需用复数形式。故填scientists。
62．句意：如果你以每小时95公里的速度开车去月球，大约需要6个月才能到达那里。it takes sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间”，是固定句型。故填to get。
63．句意：这意味着，如果你在地球上重66公斤，在月球上你将只重约11公斤，只有地球上重量的1/6！根据“This”可知，this指代单数，文章时态为一般现在时，谓语动词需用三单形式；mean的第三人称单数形式是means。故填means。
64．句意：这意味着，如果你在地球上重66公斤，在月球上你将只重约11公斤，只有地球上重量的1/6！根据“the Moon”可知，表示独一无二的事物前用定冠词the。故填the。
65．句意：月球有许多令人惊叹的地理特征，如陨石坑、山脉和熔岩平原。根据“geographic features”可知，修饰名词用形容词，amaze的形容词形式amazing“令人惊叹的”。故填amazing。
66．句意：然而，那里没有空气，所以人们不能在那里呼吸。前文讲月球的地理特征，此处讲没有空气的缺点，表转折，用However，句首首字母大写，故填However。
67．句意：与地球不同，在地球上我们通常有温暖的白天和凉爽的夜晚，而月球白天非常热，夜晚非常冷。分析句子可知，空处应是副词，作状语，usual的副词形式是usually，故填usually。
68．句意：而且，月球上的一整天大约持续27.3个地球日。根据“27.3”可知，后接可数名词复数，day的复数是days，故填days。
69．句意：它看起来很亮，因为它反射来自太阳的光。前后句是因果关系，“因为”because。故填because。
70．句意：这就是为什么它有不断变化的形状。根据“has changing shapes.”可知，空格处缺少主语；作主语，用主格，its的主格是it，故填it。
71．Pakistani astronauts will visit Tiangong Space Station. 72．About one year. 73．B 74．are interested in it/want to take part in it 75．Because it’s the language used in Tiangong.
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述中国和巴基斯坦在太空合作方面迈出了一大步，签署了巴基斯坦宇航员访问中国天宫空间站的协议。
71．根据文章第1段“They signed an agreement for Pakistani astronauts to visit China’s Tiangong Space Station.”可知，从协议中我们能了解到巴基斯坦宇航员将访问天宫空间站。故填Pakistani astronauts will visit Tiangong Space Station.
72．根据文章第2段“The two sides will spend about a year choosing Pakistani astronaut candidates (候选人).”可知，挑选巴基斯坦宇航员候选人需要大约一年时间。故填About one year.
73．根据文章第3段“So far, the highest altitude a Pakistani has ever achieved is about 87.4 km.”以及要还原的句子“But space starts at 100 km above sea level.”，将其放在B处，能更好地衔接上下文，说明太空的起始高度与巴基斯坦之前达到的高度对比。故填B.
74．根据文章第4段“China has planned to have foreign astronauts on the station… Many countries, including Pakistan, ▲.”结合上下文，此处应补充“对与中国合作表现出兴趣”的内容。故填are interested in it/want to take part in it.
75．根据文章最后一段“They must learn Chinese because it’s the language used in Tiangong.”可知，巴基斯坦受训人员必须学习中文是因为中文是天宫使用的语言。故填Because it’s the language used in Tiangong.
76．参考范文：
My Favorite Planet—Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest planet in our solar system. It’s much larger than all the other planets together.
There is one thing very special on Jupiter—the Great Red Spot. It’s a huge storm. This storm lasts for a long time. Jupiter has many moons. One of its moons is called Europa. Scientists think there may be liquid water on Europa. Water is very important because where there is water, there might be life.
Scientists like Jupiter a lot. They study it all the time. They want to know more about Jupiter and the universe. I like Jupiter too. It’s so interesting and there’s so much to learn about it.
【解析】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇说明文，为材料作文；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏，适当增加细节完整表述内容。
[写作步骤]
第一步，介绍木星在太阳系中的地位；
第二步，介绍木星及其卫星的特点；
第三步，最后介绍科学家们对研究木星的兴趣及自己的感悟。
[亮点词汇]
①last for持续
②all the time一直
[高分句型]
①Water is very important because where there is water, there might be life.（because引导原因状语从句）
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