2026届高考英语二轮复习：名词 课件(共31张PPT)

(共31张PPT)
2026届语法专题复习
名词
重点单词
题型分类 典型例题 命题解读
语法填空 1.【2025年全国新课标I卷】 “... You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your___________(guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 2.【2025年全国新课标Ⅱ卷】 The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ________(absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky __________(afternoon) with lots of fresh air. 3.【2024年全国新课标Ⅰ卷】 These plants included modern Western_____________(favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 4.【2024年全国新课标Ⅱ卷】Although they could never have met, there are common___________(theme) in their works. 1.给出名词提示词,考查名词的数;
2.给出其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)的提示词,填写名词;
一、名词
guidance
absence
afternoons
favourites
themes
语法专题
名词
CONTENTS
名词的分类
名词的数
名词所有格
名词的句法功能
名词与高考
01
02
03
04
05
专有名词(Tom/China/CCTV/Sunday/April/The United States)
是某些人、地方、机构等专有的名称
普通名词
(是一类人或物或是一个抽象的概念)
个体名词(Individual Nouns)
cab/kindergarten/
集体名词(Collective Nouns)
police/family/staff
物质名词(Material Nouns)
air/steel/water/snow
抽象名词(Abstract Nouns)
happiness/patience/kindness
不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)
可数名词(Countable Nouns)
1.名词的分类
指具体的人或物
由个体组成的集体 指一群人或一些事物
无法分为个体的实物的词，
指构成各种物体的物质或材料。
指抽象概念
专有名词一般视为不可数名词
2.可数名词的复数变法
情况
变形方法
例词
1)一般情况
2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾
3)以辅音＋y结尾
加+s
加+es
把y变i+es
brothers;schools
buses; boxes;watches; dishes
ladies; countries；babies;families
4)以o结尾的名词 有生命+es 无生命+s
photos/ radios
黑人英雄爱吃土豆，西红柿和芒果。
negroes, heroes, potatoes,tomatoes,mangoes
5) 以f或fe结尾，大多数变成ves
reef - reefs belief- beliefs proof-proofs chief-chiefs safe-safes roof-roofs (这些词直接在词尾+s)
为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上把狼劈成了两半。
selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,leaves,shelves,wolves,halves.
可数名词所表示的人和物可以用数来计量，有单复数形式。
stomach(s)
*不规则复数形式
(1) 单复数同形
means
手段 方法
series
系列
sheep deer
species
Chinese
* fish(条数)有两种复数形式，一种为单复数同形，一种指鱼的种类，即fishes
works
n.工厂 常构成合成词 a brickworks
*不规则复数形式
(2) 变内部元音的名词
foot-feet
man[m n]-men[men]
woman-women
tooth-teeth
goose[ɡu s]
geese[ɡi s]
mouse[ma s]
mice[ma s]
*不规则复数形式
(3)变换词尾
child-children
ox
oxen
(4) 用汉语拼音表示的名词没有复数，书写用斜体
five yuan
ninety jin
90斤
*不规则复数形式
(5)外来名词的复数形式
analysis [ n l s s]
analyses [ n la z z]
basis
bases [ be s z ]
phenomenon [f n m n n]
phenomena [f n m n ]
“
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(6)复合名词变复数规则
（1）由man，woman构成的合成词变复数时，他们和其他部分都要相应地变成复数。
man servant----men servants
woman doctor---women doctors
*不规则复数形式
WHAT MAKES US
DIFFERENT
We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time. We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time.
(2) 用连字符连接的合成词变复数时，如果有主语，通常在主干词上加s
son-in-law
sons-in law女婿
passer-by
passers-by
story-teller
story-tellers
(3)用连字符连接的合成词中如果没有主干词，则在最后一个词上加s
grown-up
grown-ups
“
We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time.
常见的不可数名词：
fun,advice,weather,information,word(news),luggage,baggage,progress,homework,housework,equipment,knowledge，
furniture，
Word came that he had an accident yesterday.
不可数名词
1.She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when she smelt something burning. ( )
2.He agreed to read my story and give me some advices on how to write like a real writer. ( )
3.We have made a great progress recently.( )
homework
advice
“
We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time.
可转化为可数名词的抽象名词
抽象名词表示具体的事物时，可变为可数名词，表示“某种人或某件事”
不可数名词
* 利用抽象名词具体化写句子
被邀请来参加这次聚会我深感荣幸。（consider，invite）
__________________________________
I consider it a great honor to be invited to this party.
抽象名词的具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，这就是抽象名词的具体化。
抽象名词 具体化
success a success一个(件)成功的人或事
failure a failure一个(件)失败的人或事
surprise a surprise一件令人惊讶的事情
pleasure a pleasure一件乐事
honour an honour一个(件)引以为荣的人或事
*常以复数形式出现的名词有thanks，congratulations，wishes，greetings，shoes，trousers，works(著作；工厂)，manners(礼貌)，instructions(指导；用法说明)，times(时代)等。
*一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有take turns to do sth，in high spirits，make friends with，shake hands with，make preparations for，make (both) ends meet，take pains to do等。
WHAT MAKES US
DIFFERENT
We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time. We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time.
三：名词所有格
名词所有格表示所属关系，
1）-'s型所有格
不以-s结尾的名词加-’s ;以-s结尾的单数名词和复数名词都加-’
2）of短语型所有格
the daughter of a poor farmer
一个贫穷农民的女儿
a poor farmer’s daughter
*双重所有格的构成形式为“名词＋of＋名词所有格”或者“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词” *
another house of John’s
3.名词所有格的特殊形式
(1)并列的名词变所有格时，若表示不同的所有关系，则分别在两个名词后加-’s；如果表示共有关系，则只在最后一个名词后加-’s。如：
Kate and Mary’s room 凯特和玛丽共有的房间
Kate’s and Mary’s rooms 凯特和玛丽各自的房间
(2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop，house，home等常省去。如：
at the doctor’s (office) 在(医生的)诊所里
at the barber’s (shop) 在理发店
at Mr Green’s (house) 在格林先生家
1．(2025·江淮十校高三二联)Chinese people's (people) love of nature and pursuit of harmonious coexistence are also embedded(根深蒂固的) within.
2．(2025·山西三晋名校联合考试)The rapid rise of the “TCM＋food” trend reflects today's (today) growing public attention towards health, alongside a strong sense of cultural confidence.
3．(2025·湖南长沙雅礼中学检测)Among the Han people, which make up a vast majority of China's (China) total population, the passage into adulthood is no longer celebrated, except in those very traditional families.
people's
today's
China's
WHAT MAKES US
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四：名词的句法功能
1）做主语
2）做宾语
*做动词的宾语 * 做介词的宾语
3）做表语
4）做状语
Last week, I visited my friends.
5) 做补足语
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
6）做同位语
WHAT MAKES US
DIFFERENT
We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time. We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time.
四：名词的句法功能
7）做定语
一、名词做定语原则上用单数，不用复数
a baby girl
many apple trees
some boy students
two men doctors
three women nurses
*但 man, woman 作定语时，如果后面名词是复数，也要用复数形式
*另外，clothes，goods, sports, 等名词必须用复数形式
a sports car / sports shoes /a clothes shop
五：名词与高考
解题策略
1.动词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-al approve赞成→approval 赞成 survive 幸存→survival 幸存
arrive到达→arrival 到达；到达者；到来物 refuse 拒绝→ refusal 拒绝 propose提议→proposal 提议；建议
-ance/ -ence appear出现→appearance 出现；外貌 perform 表演→ performance 表演 guide 指引→guidance 引导；指导 exist 存在→existence 存在 prefer 较喜欢→preference 偏爱 refer 参考；
查阅→reference 参考；查阅 depend 依靠→dependence 依赖；依靠
后缀 例词
-ion/ -tion/ -ation direct指挥；指导→direction 方向；指导 expect 期待→ expectation 期待；期望 invite 邀请→invitation 邀请；请柬 solve 解决→solution 解决 compete 竞争→competition 比赛；竞争 describe 描述→description 描写 repeat 重复→repetition 重复 explain 解释→explanation 解释 pronounce 发音→pronunciation 发音
-s(s)ion discuss讨论→discussion 讨论 admit 承认→admission 承认；准许加入 decide 决定→decision 决定
-ing hear听→hearing 听力；听觉 listen 听→listening 听；听力
后缀 例词
-ment achieve达到；完成→achievement 成就 develop 发展→ development 发展 argue争论→argument 争论；论据 punish惩罚→punishment 惩罚
-ure/-ture fail失败→failure 失败 press 压；挤→pressure 压力 mix 混合→mixture 混合物 expose 暴露→exposure 面临；暴露
-y recover恢复→recovery 恢复；痊愈 discover 发现→discovery 发现
后缀 例词
-er/-or teach教→teacher 老师
announce播报→announcer 播音员
conduct指导，指挥→conductor 指挥；售票员
其他常 见变化 choose选择→choice 选择 vary 相异→variety 多样化；品种 tend 倾向→tendency 趋向；趋势，grow 生长→growth 生长 marry 结婚→marriage 婚姻 pack 收拾(行李)→package包；盒
2.形容词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-cy fluent流利的→fluency 流利；流畅 accurate 准确的→accuracy
准确(性) private 私有的→privacy 隐私 efficient 效率高的→ efficiency 效率
-dom free自由的→freedom 自由 wise 明智的→wisdom 智慧
-ness dark黑的→darkness 黑暗 weak 虚弱的→weakness 虚弱 kind 友好的→kindness 善良 cold 寒冷的→coldness 冷淡；冷漠 aware 知道的；意识到的→awareness 知道；意识
后缀 例词
-th warm温暖的→warmth 温暖 true 真的→truth 真相 deep 深的→depth 深(度) strong 强壮的→strength 力量 long 长的→length 长度 wide 宽的→width 宽度
-y/-ty/ -ity difficult困难的→difficulty 困难 honest 诚实的→honesty 诚实 safe 安全的→safety 安全 cruel 残忍的→cruelty 残忍 responsible 负责的→responsibility责任
后缀 例词
-ce different不同的→difference 不同(之处) silent 沉默的；不说话的→silence 寂静 patient 有耐心的→patience 耐心 absent 缺席的→absence 缺席 present 出席的→presence 出席 confident 自信的→confidence 信心 convenient 方便的→convenience 便利 important 重要的→importance 重要(性) significant重要的，意义重大的→significance重要性，重大意义
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