2026届高考英语二轮复习：句子成分 课件(共66张PPT)

(共66张PPT)
Part of Speech
And
Sentence Components
Lead-in
词性——part of speech
名词 n. ——表示世间万物（人/物/概念）
Lily elephant tree cloud English
2. 冠词 art. ——名词前的小帽子 the/a/an
3. 代词pron. ——名词的替身
人称代词（I me）、物主代词（my mine）、反身代词（myself）、 指示代词（this that）
4. 形容词 adj. —— 修饰 n. / pron.
happy friendly different
5. 动词 v. ——描述物体/人发出的动作或者存在的状态，有单复数人称、时态、语态的变化
实义动词（walk）、系动词（be）、情态动词（can）、助动词（do）
词性——part of speech
6. 副词adv. —— 用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词
quickly slowly happily
7. 介词 prep. —— 表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系 go to school look at me
8. 连词conj. —— 连接单词、短语、句子
并列连词（and, so, but）、从属连词（if, who, what）
9. 数词num. —— 基数词（one, two, three）、序数词（first, second, third）
10. 感叹词int. —— 情绪情感表达
yeah oh welcome thank
什么是句子成分？
组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，
可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补足语，同位语。
Sentence Components
主语：subject(S) ---动作发出者或被描述的对象
谓语：predicate(V) ---动作
宾语：object(O) ---动作的承受者（直接宾语 DO direct object 间接宾语 IO indirect object）
表语：predicative(P) ---对主语的表述
定语：attributive(A) ---修饰或限定的成分
状语：adverbial--- 修饰动作或整个句子
补足语: complement --- 补充说明主语或宾语
同位语: apposition --- 即同等位置，用一个名词来解释或说明另一个名词或代词
表
系
主
状
补
谓
成分解析
句子成分
你能将这两句话中的句子成分进行解析吗？
主
定
宾
I want you to find a yellow key to open the door.
The key is on your left.
一.主语（S）subject
句子的主体，全句述说的对象（人、物、事），一般由名词，名词短语，动名词，名词性从句（主语从句），代词，数词，动词不定式充当主语,常置于句首。
什么人，什么事
1.Lily likes her new bike.
2.Listening to songs is relaxing.
3.He gets up early every day.
4.To learn English well is not easy.
5.What she has is nothing but money.
6.A billion is not a big deal for him.
(名词)
(代词)
（不定式短语）
（名词短语）
（从句做主语）
（数词）
主语的构成：
1. We speak English in class.
2. To see is to believe.
3. Smoking is bad for our health.
4. China is a big country.
5.That you are coming to London is a good news.
即学即练：划出句子的主语。
（代词）
（动词不定式）
（动名词）
（名词）
（主语从句）
It is necessary that the problem should be discussed at once.
找一找：主语在哪里？
It is important to learn English well.
It's believed that he can finish the task alone.
It is no use reasoning with him.
主语
动词不定式
从句
动名词短语
当动名词、名词性从句、动词不定式作主语时，为避免头重脚轻常将主语后置，而用 it 作形式主语。
it 作形式主语的句型
①It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是……… （形容物）
lt is + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 做某事，某人... （形容人）
吃垃圾食品对我们来说不健康。
It’s kind of you to give me a hand.
②It takes / took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
打篮球花费了我半小时。
③It is + adj. + that 从句 …是...
It is surprised that he speaks English so well.
学好英语是很重要的。
It’s unhealthy for us to eat junk food.
帮助我，你真是太善良了。
It took me half an hour to play basketball.
It is important that we should learn English well.
it 作形式主语的句型
④ It’s one’s turn to do sth..…. 轮到某人做...
It’s my turn to clean the room.
⑤ It’s time to do / for / that …. 是时候做.….了
It’s time to have breakfast. 是时候吃早餐了。
It’s time for breakfast. 是时候吃早餐了。
It’s time that we should make a decision是时候我们应该做出决定了。
是时候上课了。
⑥ It seems that .... = sb. seems to do sth. 看起来好像/似乎...
It seems that nobody likes him.
Nobody seemed to like him.
轮到我打扫房间了。
It’s time for class. / It’s time to have class.
看起来似乎没有人喜欢他。
即学即练：划出句子的主语
1. To see is to believe.
2. Using English to communicate is the best way to learn it well.
3. Making a promise and keeping one’s promise are different things .
4. Who will be employed and what the salary is are secrets.
你发现了什么？
单个的主语从句、动名词、动词不定式作主语时时，谓语要用单数，而两个主语从句或两个动名词作主语时，谓语要用复数。
二.谓语（V）predicate
一般由动词或动词短语充当, 说明主语的动作或状态。说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。
做什么，是什么，怎么样
谓语的构成
I talked about my career plan.
Tom can play the violin.
The food tastes delicious.
They are my best friend.
He didn’t finish his homework.
④助动词+动词原形
实义动词
③系动词
②情态动词+动词原形
系动词分类 1. 状态 be动词（am/is/are）
2. 感官 look, taste, feel, smell, sound
3. 变化 grow, go, get, become, turn
4. 持续 Keep, stay, remain
5. 证明 prove
6. 好像 seem, appear
系动词
口诀：妆感正持续变好
观察句子
I am reading. You are reading.
He/She is reading. We are reading.
特别注意：谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
助动词
情态动词
使役动词
实义动词
时态，被动语态
否定词
谓语家族
即学即练：选出句中谓语
1. I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't like B. like C. picture D. wall
2. Li Hua found the book interesting.
A. found B. book C. interesting D. Li Hua
3. I often go to school by bus.
A. I B. often C. go D. bus
4. There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. be
C. the library D. afternoon
即学即练：选出句中谓语
Grandma us an interesting story last night.
A. told B. tell C. tells D. will tell
2. Your homework in time.
A. must finish B. finish C. should be finished D. finishes
3.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。
4. 地球绕着太阳转。
My father has bought me a new bike.
The earth moves round the sun.
三、宾语（O）object
宾语是动作的承受者。只能置于及物动词后面，由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，不及物动词后面不能直接接宾语（不及物动词+介词+宾语）
承受方
主谓VS主谓宾
找动词
找其他
本句中的动词本身意思完整吗？
动作由主语发出后有作用对象吗？
主
谓
I
can jump.
He
is running.
You
smiled.
意义完整
主
谓
宾
I
love
you.
He
teaches
English.
She
hit
the wall.
Vi.不及物动词
无作用对象
不接宾语
动作发出者
动作承受者
→
Vt.及物动词
1. 名词、代词、名词短语 、名词化的形容词(the+adj.结构)可充当宾语。
Tom bought a story book.
I saw him yesterday.
Our facial expressions convey our emotions, such as anger, joy or disappointment.
They raised some money to help the poor in the mountainous regions.
宾语的构成
（名词）
（代词）
（名词短语）
（名词化的形容词）
2. 动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句(宾语从句)作宾语：
He wanted to have a cup of tea.
He risked losing his life to save a drowning girl.
I can't remember whether I posted the letter or not.
（不定式短语）
（动名词）
（从句作宾语）
即学即练：判断下列句子划线部分是否为宾语。
1. He wanted to leave here. ( )
2. I often help my mother do housework. ( )
3. She learns English well. ( )
4. My father and my mother watch TV every evening. ( )
√
×
×
√
观察与思考：
八戒给女孩一朵花。
Bajie gives the girl a flower.
谓语
主语
间接宾语
直接宾语
动作
动作的发出者
动作所服务的对象
动作的承受方
直接宾语和间接宾语：
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语，合称双宾。
主谓双宾：
直宾物，间宾人
举一反三：
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
直接宾语
间接宾语
找动词
间接宾语 VS 直接宾语
He
feeds
me
grass.
He
gave
a book
to me.
She
lent
a pen
to me.
I
taught
him
a song.
主
谓
宾
间宾表人
直宾表物
找其他
判宾语
介词to连接双宾,用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人
give / show / tell / bring / send / teach / pass / throw / lend sb. sth.
= give / show / tell / bring / send / teach / pass / throw / lend sth. to sb.
介词for连接双宾,用for侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人
make/ buy/ find/ sing/ play/ build sb. sth.
= make/ buy/ find/ sing/ play/ build sth for sb.
当直接宾语为人称代词it/them时，it / them要放到间接宾语前
Give me it, please.
Give it to me, please.
√
即学即练：选出句中谓语
Miss Luo teaches English.
A. we B. us C. he D. ours
2. I can’t help sorry for the poor girl.
A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. to feeling
3. 我爸爸昨天送了一本字典作为生日礼物给我。
4. 他爷爷为他做了一架飞机模型。
My father sent a dictionary to me as a birthday present yesterday.
My father sent me a dictionary as a birthday present yesterday.
His grandfather built/made a model plane for him.
His grandfather built/made him a model plane.
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。
用于补充说明宾语所存在的状态、特征。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）
make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let…
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
三、宾语补足语
主谓双宾中的两个宾语分别指什么？
如何区分这两种句型？
主
谓
宾
宾
He
feeds
me
grass.
主
谓
宾
补
Grass
makes
me
happy.
观察与思考：
我们叫那只猪八戒。
我给了八戒蛋糕。
We called the pig Bajie.
谓语
主语
宾语
补语
I gave Bajie a cake.
谓语
主语
间接宾语
直接宾语
那只猪
八戒
八戒
蛋糕
找动词
主谓双宾 VS 主谓宾补
判断主谓之外的部分是否可以划等号
I
taught
him
a song.
You
made
me
happy.
主
谓
找主语
剩余两个部分是否可以划等号？
＝
≠
双宾
宾
补
补充说明状态特征
四、表语（P）predicative
用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。由名词 、 代词、数词、分词、不定式、动名词、副词、形容词、介词短语等充当。常位于系动词之后，构成所谓的系表结构。
“是什么”或“怎么样”
主
系
表
主
谓
宾
I
am
a
sheep.
I
like
grass.
如何区分这两种句型？
找动词
主系表 VS 主谓宾
主
系
表
＝
→
I
am
a sheep.
He
became
rich.
You
look
terrible.
状态，变化，感官的存在性
主
谓
宾
I
love
you.
He
teaches
English.
She
hit
the wall.
具体实际动作的流动性
找其他
找动词
找其他
My sister is a nurse.
They were at home.
She got angry.
Her grandfather is over eighty years old.
Which bike is yours
The one under the trees is mine.
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
表语的构成
（名词）
（介词短语）
（形容词）
（从句作表语）
（数词）
（代词）
（名词所有格）
His hobby is playing football.
His job is to teach English.
Hongkang University is the best one in China.
Time is up. The class is over.
The children were very excited by the movie.
（动名词短语）
（动词不定式）
（名词短语）
（副词）
(过去分词形容词化）
即学即练：划出下列句中的表语。
① The old man was feeling tired.
② The leaves have turned yellow.
③ Soon they all became interested in the subject.
④ She was the first to learn about it.
What can you see in this picture
There are many students.
What are they doing
They are flying balloons.
Can you add more things to make a longer sentence
Many students are flying balloons.
Many students are flying balloons.
What do they wear
They wear school uniforms.
Where are they
They are on the playground of No.3 Experimental Middle School.
很多穿着校服的学生在三中的操场上放飞气球。
定语
Many students who wear school uniforms are flying balloons on the playground of No.3 Experimental Middle School.
五、定语 Attribute
定语：起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，一般由名词，名词所有格，形容词，形容词性物主代词，分词，动词不定式，介词短语，副词，定语从句，数词等构成
定语的构成
1. Is Yang Bingsheng an outgoing boy.
2. His father works in a shoe factory.
3. There are 52 students in our class.
4. Do you know Zeng Jin’s brother
5. He bought a pair of running shoes for the sport meeting.
6. You must finish required homework in time.
7. The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
8. The people here are very friendly.
9. The teacher in white shirts is Miss Luo.
（形容词）
（名词）
（数词）
（名词所有格）
（动名词）
（过去分词）
（定语从句）
（副词）
（介词短语）
定语的位置
单个的词作定语时，习惯放在被修饰对象之前作前置定语；
介词/分词短语、不定式、定语从句作定语时，习惯作后置定语。
找出下列句子的修饰对象与定语。
1. The kind teacher helps me a lot.
2. He is a boy who is only 15 years old.
3. The sport meeting to be held will be interesting.
4. The students having class are listening carefully.
定语的位置
修饰some/any/no/every等与body/one/thing/where 构成的复合不定代词时，定语需后置。
Let’s go somewhere quiet.
There is nothing important in today’s newspaper.
Do you have anything special to say
I want to make friends with everyone brave.
即学即练：划出下列句中的定语。
1. This is a green cup.
2. My students are polite to teachers.
3. I have something to tell you.
4. The boy who is reading a book needs the pen which you bought yesterday.
5. The mother speaks loudly to wake the sleeping boy up every morning.
（形容词）
（代词）
（不定式）
（从句作定语）
现在分词
The shoes were wet, so she changed them before visiting
coffee shop.
A. girl’s; Candy’s B. girl; Candy
C. girls’; Candy’s D. girl’s; Candy
2. I have to tell you.
A. something interesting B. interesting something
C. something interested D. interested something
3. The trees last year are growing well.
A. was planted B. planting
C. planted D. to plant
翻译下列句子。
1. My dream to be admitted into my favorite university will come true.
2. 正打篮球的那个人是我们的数学老师。
3. He is an excellent student who always studies hard.
4. 他不是一个会在困难面前低头（give in to difficulties)的人。
我被心仪的大学录取的梦想终会实现。
他是一个总是刻苦学习的优秀学生。
He isn’t a man who will give in to difficulties.
The man playing basketball is our Math teacher.
The man who is playing basketball is our Math teacher.
翻译下列句子。
1. All roads lead to Rome.
2. My dream to be admitted into my favorite university will come true.
3. 他相信他环游世界的计划终会实现。
4.我坚信作为(as)最大发展中国家的中国未来一定可以成为发达国家。
5. He is an excellent student who always studies hard.
6. 他不是一个会在困难面前低头（give in to difficulties)的人。
条条道路通罗马。
我被心仪的大学录取的梦想终会实现。
He believes that his plan to travel around the world will come true.
他是一个总是刻苦学习的优秀学生。
He isn’t a man who will not give in to difficulties.
I firmly believe that China as the largest developing country will become a developed one in the future.
The lazy student always makes his parents angry.
adj. 作定语修饰n.
adj.作宾补充宾语的状态
pron.作定语修饰n.
频率adv.作状语修饰v.，放于v.前
分析下列句子成分
谓语
英语修饰成分
定语：修饰n. / pron./句子
状语：修饰v. / adj. / adv. /句子
Run quickly, very long, runs very quickly
六、状语 Adverbial
状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子。表示行为发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度等。
口诀：方地时让伴条目比结程原
（方地时让板条木笔结成缘）
1. We have learned English for six years.
2. She was late for school because of the heavy rain.
3. You will pass the exam if you study hard.
4. We have P.E. class on the playground.
5. She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
6. She came in, following the teacher.
She came in, followed the teacher.
7. To be admitted by a key university, I must study hard.
8. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
9. She works very hard though she is old.
10. I am taller than he is. = I am taller than him.
11. His English is very good.
状语的构成及分类
介词短语；时间状语
介词短语；原因状语
从句；条件状语
介词短语；地点状语
介词短语；方式状语
分词短语；伴随状语。她跟着老师
分词短语；伴随状语。老师跟着她
不定式；目的状语
从句；结果状语
从句；比较状语
程度副词；程度状语
从句；让步状语
口诀：方地时让伴条目比结程原
找出状语，并判断状语类型
地点状语
时间状语
地点、时间状语
条件状语
方式状语
条件状语
目的状语
伴随状语
让步状语
比较状语
程度状语
结果状语
There is a basketball under the tree.
I left the village five years ago.
Frank was swimming in the poor at 9:00 a.m. yesterday.
If you have time, please give me a call.
He goes to school by bike.
Can you see the world without your glasses
He came to the airport to meet his friend.
The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.
Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
My school is more beautiful than yours.
Extremely great changes have taken place in my hometown.
The food was so delicious that I’ll never forget its taste.
七、补足语（C）complement
英语中有些及物动词后接宾语，意义仍不完整，还需要一个补足语，才能使整个句子的意义完整。由名词 、副词、形容词 、分词、不定式、介词短语和从句等充当。
We call her Xiao Li.
You must keep the room clean and tidy.
John asked me to help him with his Chinese.
I will have my hair cut tomorrow.
We saw the boy playing basketball on the playground just now.
宾语
宾语补足语
宾语补足语
宾语
宾语补足语
宾语
宾语
宾语补足语
宾语
宾语补足语
补充说明宾语的性质才能使句子的意义完整。
They elected me captain of the team.
We try to make our country strong.
We found everything in good order there.
I should advise you to get the chance.
I saw him going upstairs.
They found the house broken in.
名词
形容词
介词短语
to do 不定式
现在分词 doing
done 过去分词
宾语+宾语补足语--------> 复合宾语
宾语补足语
（object
complement）
OC
补充： * 主语补足语
表示动作发生时主语的状态
He died young.
The bottle was found empty.
八、同位语(Appositive)
定义：两个名词、名词短语或代词在一个句子中同指一人、一物或一事。
作用：解释这个名词、名词短语或代词
Miss Zou, our politics teacher, is very kind to us.
Other English teachers told me that we students of Class 7 were polite to teachers.
We all will enjoy an interesting video together later.
I’m looking forward to the end of my favorite cartoon, The Legend of Qin.
（our politics teacher 是主语 Miss Zou 的同位语，同指一人。）
（students of Class 7 是从句主语we 的同位语，同指一人。）
（all 是主语we 的同位语，同指一人。）
（The Legend of Qin是主语my favorite cartoon的同位语，同指一物。）
名词短语
名词短语
代词
名词短语
I heard the news that our long holidays will start from this afternoon．
（从句作同位语， that our long holidays will start from this afternoon = the news，同指一事）
同位语从句
找出同位语
后面部分是前面名词、名词短语、代词的同位语，起解释说明的作用。
This is our monitor Wu Huixin.
Those will be our homework, taking and reviewing notes, practicing handwriting and finishing papers.
We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.
They both enjoy playing basketball.
The news that we will have an examination after National Day is true.
Practice
1．After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering college in 1896. 句子谓语是？
A．studying B．managed C．pass D．entering
2．She has been a student for ten years. 句子的谓语是 ________.
A．has been B．has C．a student D．for ten years
3．The young man offered the old man his own seat. ( )
A．宾语 B．定语 C．宾语补足语 D．表语
4．There were not many things we could do when it was raining.主句的谓语动词是？
A．were not B．could C．could do D．was
Practice
5．Shenzhen Experimental School, one of the most famous schools in Shenzhen, lies at the foot of Guanlong Mountain.
What sentence element does the colored part serve as
A．adverbial (状语) B．complement (补语)
C．attributive (定语) D．appositive (同位语)
6．I enjoyed the evening when we stayed together by the sea.
What sentence element (句子成分) does the colored part serve as
A．adverbial (状语) B．complement (补语)
C．attributive (定语) D．appositive (同位语)
二.根据题意完成句子。
1.我们读的好书越多，精神方面就越富有。
The more good books we read, ________________ we will be in spirit.
2.爬山是一项很好的户外运动。
Mountain climbing is a great outdoor sport.
the richer
3.我想邀请你在这个周末去听一场音乐会。
I want to invite you to a concert this weekend.
4.国庆节对于中国人来说是非常重要的节日。
The National Day is a very important holiday for the Chinese people.
Life is full of the unexpected，so we should love and cherish every day.
生活充满了不确定性，所以我们需要热爱并且珍惜每一天。
Thank you
Subject主语:
Verb谓语:
Object宾语:
Predicative表语:
Object complement宾语补足语:
Adverbial状语: [ ]
Attributive定语: ( )
Different symbols：
1. You will find senior high school different from
junior high school.
2. Your schoolwork will be more challenging.
3. We will give you more independence.
4. You should listen more carefully.
5. You can join a club.
6. Your teachers will help you in many ways.
7. You will succeed!
[ ]
[ ]
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
P7 B1