中考完形填空解题技巧
一、【题型解读】
中考完形填空说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。它通过对实体事物科学的解说，对客观事物做出说明或对抽象的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能，关系或对事理的概念、特点、演变、异同等科学地认识，从而获得有关的知识。利用说明文的基本特征，对解题有所帮助！
1. 利用说明文的首句查找说明主体
2. 把握说明文的两种结构模式
(1)总分式。包括“总—分”、“分—总”、“总—分—总”等具体形式。
(2)递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括：
空间顺序——从上到下、从外到内、从左到右、从南到北、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分；
时间顺序——按照时间先后顺序 来安排，事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程；
逻辑顺序——有些说明文主要是剖析事理的，在说明时就按 照事理的逻辑关系进行安排，或者从主到次、从浅到深、从原因到结果，具有严密的条理性。
完形填空题以考查实词为主，主要包括名词、动词、形容词、副词及相关短语。从近几年中考试题来看，完形填空越来越强调对上下文以及通篇文章的理解。
二、【命题规律】
1.句内层次题：解题信息分布在本句内部，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，边读边填。
2.句组层次题：解题信息分布在设空处前后的一组句子中，瞻前顾后寻找暗示。
3.语篇层次题：解题信息分布在语篇的某一处甚至全篇，需要综合推断。
三、【解题策略】
1.语义优先于语法原则
文章的开头部分尤其是第一句话不设空格，它起到的作用是对所选短文的题材和可能涉及的内容作简单的介绍或提示，并且单纯的语法题已从该题型中逐渐消失。如果一味按照语法规则来选择答案，就必定陷入 了答题误区。
2.词内选项句内找原则
四个选择项要么都是词义相近的名词单数或复数，要么都是近义动词的同一时态等，只能根据上下文的语境作出正确的选择。如果提供的四个选择项词义相差悬殊，则上文或下文肯定有答题提示，有时第一个空 格要读完全文才能回答。
四、【应试技巧】
1.快速弄清文章大意 对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。 2.弄清楚说明的顺序 把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。 3.把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节 把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。 4.注重上下文语境 应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定势”，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。 5.熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则: (1)上下一致。 每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。 (2)语法正确。 从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。 (3) 逻辑合理。 在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。 (4)符合搭配。 英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。
五、【考点诠释】
五大方法速判句内层次题
解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文章的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目， 可边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
1.利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些固定结构、固定句式，这时就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。这个技巧主要指惯用搭配，讲究词与词的搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。
[示例] An English house of 1750 was different ______ one of 1650.
A. on B. for C. with D. from
【注】平时要积累常见的动词与介词搭配、动词与宾语搭配、句式结构等固定搭配。如在
“I look ______ drawings.”中，根据look at这个固定短语，可直接确定答案为at。
2 .利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。
[示例] -婴儿学说话：Salina Joe began to ____ when she was one - year old.
A.say B. cry C. sing D. talk。
- 西方读报习惯：Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to _____.
A. check B. read C. keep D. sign
- 不同国家驾驶方向：We arrived in Spain for the first time a few weeks ago. I decided to buy a car because we had sold the one we had in England.... But when I turned into the main road I suddenly saw a lot of cars racing______me.
after B. with C. around D. towards
- 骑自行车安全常识：Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent_______.....
A.accidents B. mistakes C. falls D. deaths
- 打电话所需信息：I thought he was going to ask for my father's______and call him.
help B. position C. number D. job
3.利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。
四步解题法：从找对应到定答案
步骤 1：读句子 / 段落，圈出 “信号词”
信号词是找到对应成分的 “钥匙”，优先圈出以下两类词：
并列 / 对比词：and, or, but, while, not...but...
逻辑连接词：so, because, however, although, if
步骤 2：根据信号词，定位 “对应成分”
根据信号词判断前后文的关系，找到与设空处结构或语义相近 / 相反的部分。
My best friend Lisa is kind and ______. She always helps people in need.
A. shy B. helpful C. lazy D. quiet
信号词：and（表并列，前后语义相近）
对应成分：设空处对应后文 “helps people in need”（帮助有需要的人）
步骤 3：对比对应成分，排除干扰项
将选项与对应成分的语义、词性进行匹配，排除不契合的选项。
上题分析：对应成分 “helps people in need” 表 “乐于助人”，选项中只有 “helpful”（有帮助的）符合语义；排除 A（害羞的）、C（懒惰的）、D（安静的），这些均与 “帮助他人” 无关。
步骤 4：代入验证，确保逻辑通顺
将选定的答案代入原文，检查句子结构是否完整、语义是否连贯，避免因漏看上下文导致误选。
上题验证：“Lisa is kind and helpful. She always helps people in need.” 前后语义一致，逻辑通顺，确定答案为_______。
[示例] 场景 1：并列结构（and/or 连接）
We walked along the street, talked and laughed. We felt ______ and happy.
A. sad B. angry C. relaxed D. bored
信号词：_______ 对应成分：设空处对应 “________”
场景 2：对比结构（but/while 连接）
The old house looks small, but it is ______ inside.
A. large B. dark C. clean D. dirty
信号词：_______ 对应成分：设空处对应 “_______”
场景 3：语义复现（上下文解释）
Tom is a careful boy. He always checks his homework twice to make sure there are no ______.
A. plans B. mistakes C. stories D. messages
信号词：无明显连接词，但 “careful”和 “checks his homework twice” 为语义提示。
对应成分：设空处对应 “checks his homework twice”（检查作业是为了避免错误）
避坑提醒：2 个常见错误
①只看局部，忽略整体：不要仅盯着设空处前后几个词，需通读整句或相邻段落，避免因
“断章取义” 错过对应成分。
② 混淆逻辑关系：注意 “but”（转折）和 “and”（并列）的区别，比如 “kind and ______” 需选褒义词，而 “kind but ______” 可能选中性或贬义词，逻辑不同答案方向完全相反。
[示例] 1. However, within fifteen minutes of arriving, my worries had gone. Everyone was so 40._____ and like-minded that it was very easy to feel at home.
A. confident B. friendly C. energetic D. curious
To 51_________ the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure
We went 10 1 and I was named most valuable player, 28_________ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident.
A. and B. then C. but D. thus
4.A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 59_________ room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on.
A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable
利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
解题步骤：
第一步：通读首尾段把握文章主题，对文章的大致内容和情感基调有初步了解。
第二步：第一遍跳过空缺处快速通读全文，掌握文章大意，同时留意文中出现的逻辑关系词。
第三步：第二遍结合上下文线索，根据逻辑关系词分析句子间或段落间的逻辑关系，以此来推断空缺处的答案。
第四步：将所选答案代入原文，再次通读全文，检查文章是否逻辑通顺、前后连贯，确保所选答案符合文章的逻辑关系。
识别五大逻辑关系及标记词：
【对立关系】语义相反 / 让步
这类词用于表达前后内容的转折、让步或对比，即 “虽然 / 但是”“尽管” 等逻辑。
基础高频词：
but（但是）：He is young, but he is very experienced.
though/although（虽然，尽管）：Though it rained, we still went out.
however（然而，后常接逗号）：The task is hard. However, we will finish it on time.
进阶补充词：
while（然而，表对比）：Some people like coffee, while others prefer tea.
yet（然而，常用于否定句后）：He is tired, yet he keeps working.
on the contrary（相反）：It doesn’t seem ugly. On the contrary, it looks very beautiful.
【因果关系】原因→结果 / 结果→原因
用于说明事情的因果联系，分为“因在前”和“果在前”两种场景。
表 “原因”（因→果）：
because（因为，直接接原因）：She cried because she lost her key.
since（既然 / 因为，引导已知原因）：Since you are free, let’s go shopping.
as（由于，语气比 because 弱）：As it was late, we took a taxi home.
表 “结果”（果→因）：
so（所以，连接结果，不与 because 同时用）：He studied hard, so he passed the exam.
therefore（因此，正式，后常接逗号）：He didn’t prepare. Therefore, he failed.
as a result（结果，单独用或接 of）：It rained heavily. As a result, the match was canceled.
【总分关系】概括→具体 / 整体→部分
用于举例说明或归纳总结，体现 “例如”“总的来说” 等逻辑。
表 “举例”（总分）：
for example（例如，后接完整句子，常加逗号）：I like fruits, for example, apples and oranges.
such as（比如，后接名词 / 短语，不加逗号）：She knows many languages, such as English and French.
like（像，后接名词，口语化）：He has hobbies like painting and swimming.
表 “总结”（分总）：
in short（总之）：In short, we need to work hard.
generally speaking（总的来说）：Generally speaking, the plan is good.
【递进关系】语义加深 / 延伸
在原有内容基础上补充更进一层的信息，体现 “而且”“此外” 等逻辑。
基础高频词：
besides（此外，除…… 之外还有）：I have a pen. Besides, I have a notebook.
also（也，用于句中）：He is tall, and he is also strong.
too（也，用于句末，加逗号）：She likes music, too.
进阶补充词：
moreover（而且，正式）：The house is big. Moreover, it is cheap.
what’s more（更重要的是，口语化）：He is kind. What's more, he is helpful.
furthermore（此外，比 besides 更正式）：The plan is practical. Furthermore, it is easy to carry out.
[示例] 1.Vincent completed more than 2,000 paintings in his life. ______ people did not buy his paintings during his lifetime, his paintings sell for a lot of money today.
A. Before B. Though C. If D. When
2.Western country music describes life. It talks about love, jobs, home and money. It talks about friends and enemies, farms and crops. People in many parts of the world like western country music ______ everyone knows something about these ideas.
A. as B. if C. so D. because
3.My mum thought that I should develop and improve my Chinese language skills. I seemed to know it would do me good in future, but at that time I couldn't realize the ______ of learning a second language.
A. mistakes B. excuses C. fears D. advantages
4.The next morning, I asked about the matter, ______ the explanation was simple.
A. so B. and C. till D. because
5.There are many fruits in the supermarket, ______apples, bananas and oranges.
A. as well as B. such as C. for example D. in addition
6.Sports can bring us a lot of benefits. ______, playing basketball can improve our physical fitness and teamwork ability.
A. Such as B. For example C. In short D. In conclusion
7.I was always busy with work and travel. I didn’t think I would have time or energy to care for a pet. But everything changed when I met Kitty. She began to follow me around the house, and sit next to me on the sofa or the bed. She would play ______ with the toys I bought for her and wait for me at the door when I came back from work. Kitty changed my life for the better.
A. excitedly B. hurriedly C. carefully D. worriedly
无标志词时，分析内容的 “情感 / 行为 / 范围变化”，判断是否存在“由浅入深、由轻到重” 的推进。
8.The small things could make them happy. I couldn’t find words to describe their joy when they received an ice cream, a ball or ______ a hug (拥抱).
A. even B. also C. ever D. still
9.Volunteering not only helps others, but also helps you grow. When you volunteer, you learn new skills, meet new people, and________develop a sense of responsibility.
A. never B. even C. hardly D. seldom
Reading is a good way to relax. You can read a book at home on a rainy day, or in a park on a sunny day. You can read a storybook for fun, or a book about history to learn something new —________, reading can make your life more colorful.
in short B. in fact C. what’s more D. above all
5.利用语境暗示分析解题
上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[示例] 1. “I lost my new pen this morning. I looked for it everywhere, but I couldn’t find the ______. I felt so sad.”
A. book B. pen C. bag D. key
同义替换：空格处的答案与上下文某词是 “近义词”，需通过 “含义关联” 推断。
2.“The old man walked slowly because his legs were weak. Every step he took seemed very _______.”
A. easy B. difficult C. quick D. light
“Tom forgot his math homework. He was afraid to tell the teacher, so he _______ to copy his classmate’s. But when he saw his classmate’s hard work, he changed his mind and told the truth.”
A. decided B. refused C. agreed D. afforded
【高频错误1】只看 “局部线索”，忽略 “整体语境”
错误做法：仅盯着空格前后 1-2 个词，不读完整段落，导致 “断章取义”。
正确做法：先读 “完整段落”，明确段落主旨（如 “作者犯错后坦白”“朋友互相帮助”），再结合主旨判断选项是否符合 “整体逻辑”。
“The little girl held the teddy bear tightly in her arms. She felt_____when she was alone at home.”
A. happy B. safe C. angry D. bored
【高频错误2】 混淆 “语法正确” 与 “语境匹配”
错误做法：认为 “语法没问题的选项就是答案”，忽略 “是否符合语境”。
正确做法：先排除 “语法错误” 的选项，再从 “语法正确” 的选项中，选 “最贴合语境” 的（如情感、逻辑、场景一致）。
5.At first, I thought the new student in my class was strange because he was so quiet. I didn't try to talk to him. However, after we worked together on a science project, I found he was actually very kind and funny. I felt so______for my first impression.
A. sorry B. thankful C. special D. confident
My grandfather has a small garden. He spends hours there every day. For him, gardening is not a task but a great_______of joy. He always wears a smile on his face when he is with his plants.
A. source B. result C. test D. cost
总结：
将完形填空当作一个“情感侦探游戏”。不要只理解字面意思，更要用心感受作者的情感脉搏。一旦把握了这条主线，你就能像拥有“第六感”一样，排除掉那些感彩不搭的选项，大大提高解题的准确率和速度。中考完形填空解题技巧
一、【题型解读】
中考完形填空说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。它通过对实体事物科学的解说，对客观事物做出说明或对抽象的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能，关系或对事理的概念、特点、演变、异同等科学地认识，从而获得有关的知识。利用说明文的基本特征，对解题有所帮助！
1. 利用说明文的首句查找说明主体
2. 把握说明文的两种结构模式
(1)总分式。包括“总—分”、“分—总”、“总—分—总”等具体形式。
(2)递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括：
空间顺序——从上到下、从外到内、从左到右、从南到北、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分；
时间顺序——按照时间先后顺序 来安排，事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程；
逻辑顺序——有些说明文主要是剖析事理的，在说明时就按 照事理的逻辑关系进行安排，或者从主到次、从浅到深、从原因到结果，具有严密的条理性。
完形填空题以考查实词为主，主要包括名词、动词、形容词、副词及相关短语。从近几年中考试题来看，完形填空越来越强调对上下文以及通篇文章的理解。
二、【命题规律】
1.句内层次题：解题信息分布在本句内部，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，边读边填。
2.句组层次题：解题信息分布在设空处前后的一组句子中，瞻前顾后寻找暗示。
3.语篇层次题：解题信息分布在语篇的某一处甚至全篇，需要综合推断。
三、【解题策略】
1.语义优先于语法原则
文章的开头部分尤其是第一句话不设空格，它起到的作用是对所选短文的题材和可能涉及的内容作简单的介绍或提示，并且单纯的语法题已从该题型中逐渐消失。如果一味按照语法规则来选择答案，就必定陷入 了答题误区。
2.词内选项句内找原则
四个选择项要么都是词义相近的名词单数或复数，要么都是近义动词的同一时态等，只能根据上下文的语境作出正确的选择。如果提供的四个选择项词义相差悬殊，则上文或下文肯定有答题提示，有时第一个空 格要读完全文才能回答。
四、【应试技巧】
1.快速弄清文章大意 对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。 2.弄清楚说明的顺序 把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。 3.把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节 把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。 4.注重上下文语境 应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定势”，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。 5.熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则: (1)上下一致。 每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。 (2)语法正确。 从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。 (3) 逻辑合理。 在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。 (4)符合搭配。 英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。
五、【考点诠释】
五大方法速判句内层次题
解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文章的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目， 可边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
1.利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些固定结构、固定句式，这时就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。这个技巧主要指惯用搭配，讲究词与词的搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。
[示例] An English house of 1750 was different ______ one of 1650.
A. on B. for C. with D. from
答案：D。解析：be different from是固定搭配，意为“与……不同”，所以此处应选D。
【注】平时要积累常见的动词与介词搭配、动词与宾语搭配、句式结构等固定搭配。如在“I look ______ drawings.”中，根据look at这个固定短语，可直接确定答案为at。
2 .利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。
[示例] -婴儿学说话：Salina Joe began to ____ when she was one - year old.
A.say B. cry C. sing D. talk。
根据常识判断，婴儿在一岁的时候应该是开始学说话，而不是学哭或学唱歌，故答案只能在A、D之间选出。又因为say是及物动词，其后面需接宾语，而talk是不及物动词，其后不需要接宾语，故正确答案为D。
- 西方读报习惯：Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to _____.
A. check B. read C. keep D. sign
外国人早上有读报的习惯，题中的paper指的是报纸，这是理解本文细节的关键，有了这些文化背景知识，可迅速推断出正确答案为B。
- 不同国家驾驶方向：We arrived in Spain for the first time a few weeks ago. I decided to buy a car because we had sold the one we had in England.... But when I turned into the main road I suddenly saw a lot of cars racing______me.
after B. with C. around D. towards
从语篇提供的信息看，“我”来自英国。在英国开车要靠左行驶，那么可以推知作者来到西班牙后，行驶方向出了问题，以致于造成一系列的错误。如果了解此文化背景知识，对全文的把握就会更加准确。答案为D。
- 骑自行车安全常识：Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent_______.....
accidents B. mistakes C. falls D. deaths
根据常识可知，骑自行车的人在拐弯或停车前发出信号，自然是为了避免事故，故A为最佳选项。
- 打电话所需信息：I thought he was going to ask for my father's______and call him.
help B. position C. number D. job
考查文化常识和语境，句中后半句是and call him，依照常识，打电话需要电话号码，所以选C。
3.利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。
四步解题法：从找对应到定答案
步骤 1：读句子 / 段落，圈出 “信号词”
信号词是找到对应成分的 “钥匙”，优先圈出以下两类词：
并列 / 对比词：and, or, but, while, not...but...
逻辑连接词：so, because, however, although, if
步骤 2：根据信号词，定位 “对应成分”
根据信号词判断前后文的关系，找到与设空处结构或语义相近 / 相反的部分。
My best friend Lisa is kind and ______. She always helps people in need.
A. shy B. helpful C. lazy D. quiet
信号词：and（表并列，前后语义相近）
对应成分：设空处对应后文 “helps people in need”（帮助有需要的人）
步骤 3：对比对应成分，排除干扰项
将选项与对应成分的语义、词性进行匹配，排除不契合的选项。
上题分析：对应成分 “helps people in need” 表 “乐于助人”，选项中只有 “helpful”（有帮助的）符合语义；排除 A（害羞的）、C（懒惰的）、D（安静的），这些均与 “帮助他人” 无关。
步骤 4：代入验证，确保逻辑通顺
将选定的答案代入原文，检查句子结构是否完整、语义是否连贯，避免因漏看上下文导致误选。
上题验证：“Lisa is kind and helpful. She always helps people in need.” 前后语义一致，逻辑通顺，确定答案为 B。
[示例] 场景 1：并列结构（and/or 连接）
We walked along the street, talked and laughed. We felt ______ and happy.
A. sad B. angry C. relaxed D. bored
信号词：and（并列，前后语义相近）
对应成分：设空处对应 “happy”（开心的）
解题：选项中 “relaxed”（放松的）与 “happy” 语义相近，排除 A、B、D，答案为 C。
场景 2：对比结构（but/while 连接）
The old house looks small, but it is ______ inside.
A. large B. dark C. clean D. dirty
信号词：but（转折，前后语义相反）
对应成分：设空处对应 “small”（小的）
解题：“large”（大的）与 “small” 语义相反，排除 B、C、D，答案为 A。
场景 3：语义复现（上下文解释）
Tom is a careful boy. He always checks his homework twice to make sure there are no ______.
A. plans B. mistakes C. stories D. messages
信号词：无明显连接词，但 “careful”和 “checks his homework twice” 为语义提示。
对应成分：设空处对应 “checks his homework twice”（检查作业是为了避免错误）
解题：“mistakes”（错误）符合 “检查作业” 的目的，排除 A、C、D，答案为 B。
避坑提醒：2 个常见错误
①只看局部，忽略整体：不要仅盯着设空处前后几个词，需通读整句或相邻段落，避免因
“断章取义” 错过对应成分。
② 混淆逻辑关系：注意 “but”（转折）和 “and”（并列）的区别，比如 “kind and ______” 需选褒义词，而 “kind but ______” 可能选中性或贬义词，逻辑不同答案方向完全相反。
[示例] 1. However, within fifteen minutes of arriving, my worries had gone. Everyone was so 40._____ and like-minded that it was very easy to feel at home.
A. confident B. friendly C. energetic D. curious
答案：B 分析：本题可利用对应成分分析法解题。第 40 题与 “like-minded” 形成对应关系，因为有 and 这一并列连词，且 and 前后意思应该一致，“like-minded” 表示 “志趣相投的”，与之意思相近的是 “friendly”，所以选 B。
To 51_________ the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure
答案：C 分析：第 51 题与 “protect” 形成对应关系，因为前面有 and 这一并列连词，并且 and 前后意思应该一致，“protect the environment” 是保护环境，与之对应的应该是 “减少垃圾数量”，所以选 C。
We went 10 1 and I was named most valuable player, 28_________ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident.
A. and B. then C. but D. thus
答案：C 分析：本题考查连词。通过分析得知本填空前后文的已知信息是明显的转折关系，前面说球队赢了比赛自己被评为最有价值球员，后面说经常做噩梦觉得要为米勒的事故负责，所以答案是 but。
4.A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 59_________ room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on.
A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable
答案：C 分析：该题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的 “a small, noisy room with the television on” 存在对比关系，这里是说在安静舒适的房间做作业的学生比在又小又吵还有电视开着的房间做作业的学生处境要好得多，所以选 C。
利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
解题步骤：
第一步：通读首尾段把握文章主题，对文章的大致内容和情感基调有初步了解。
第二步：第一遍跳过空缺处快速通读全文，掌握文章大意，同时留意文中出现的逻辑关系词。
第三步：第二遍结合上下文线索，根据逻辑关系词分析句子间或段落间的逻辑关系，以此来推断空缺处的答案。
第四步：将所选答案代入原文，再次通读全文，检查文章是否逻辑通顺、前后连贯，确保所选答案符合文章的逻辑关系。
识别五大逻辑关系及标记词：
【对立关系】语义相反 / 让步
这类词用于表达前后内容的转折、让步或对比，即 “虽然 / 但是”“尽管” 等逻辑。
基础高频词：
but（但是）：He is young, but he is very experienced.
though/although（虽然，尽管）：Though it rained, we still went out.
however（然而，后常接逗号）：The task is hard. However, we will finish it on time.
进阶补充词：
while（然而，表对比）：Some people like coffee, while others prefer tea.
yet（然而，常用于否定句后）：He is tired, yet he keeps working.
on the contrary（相反）：It doesn’t seem ugly. On the contrary, it looks very beautiful.
【因果关系】原因→结果 / 结果→原因
用于说明事情的因果联系，分为“因在前”和“果在前”两种场景。
表 “原因”（因→果）：
because（因为，直接接原因）：She cried because she lost her key.
since（既然 / 因为，引导已知原因）：Since you are free, let’s go shopping.
as（由于，语气比 because 弱）：As it was late, we took a taxi home.
表 “结果”（果→因）：
so（所以，连接结果，不与 because 同时用）：He studied hard, so he passed the exam.
therefore（因此，正式，后常接逗号）：He didn’t prepare. Therefore, he failed.
as a result（结果，单独用或接 of）：It rained heavily. As a result, the match was canceled.
【总分关系】概括→具体 / 整体→部分
用于举例说明或归纳总结，体现 “例如”“总的来说” 等逻辑。
表 “举例”（总分）：
for example（例如，后接完整句子，常加逗号）：I like fruits, for example, apples and oranges.
such as（比如，后接名词 / 短语，不加逗号）：She knows many languages, such as English and French.
like（像，后接名词，口语化）：He has hobbies like painting and swimming.
表 “总结”（分总）：
in short（总之）：In short, we need to work hard.
generally speaking（总的来说）：Generally speaking, the plan is good.
【递进关系】语义加深 / 延伸
在原有内容基础上补充更进一层的信息，体现 “而且”“此外” 等逻辑。
基础高频词：
besides（此外，除…… 之外还有）：I have a pen. Besides, I have a notebook.
also（也，用于句中）：He is tall, and he is also strong.
too（也，用于句末，加逗号）：She likes music, too.
进阶补充词：
moreover（而且，正式）：The house is big. Moreover, it is cheap.
what’s more（更重要的是，口语化）：He is kind. What's more, he is helpful.
furthermore（此外，比 besides 更正式）：The plan is practical. Furthermore, it is easy to carry out.
[示例] 1.Vincent completed more than 2,000 paintings in his life. ______ people did not buy his paintings during his lifetime, his paintings sell for a lot of money today.
A. Before B. Though C. If D. When
答案：B 解析：前后两句构成让步关系，“虽然他生前人们不买他的画，但现在他的画能卖很多钱”，用 Though 引导让步状语从句。
2.Western country music describes life. It talks about love, jobs, home and money. It talks about friends and enemies, farms and crops. People in many parts of the world like western country music ______ everyone knows something about these ideas.
A. as B. if C. so D. because
答案：D 解析：空后 “每个人都对这些理念有所了解” 是空前 “世界上很多地方的人喜欢西部乡村音乐” 的原因，所以用 because 表示因果关系。
3.My mum thought that I should develop and improve my Chinese language skills. I seemed to know it would do me good in future, but at that time I couldn't realize the ______ of learning a second language.
A. mistakes B. excuses C. fears D. advantages
答案：D 解析：本题虽然有 but，但后半句中有表示否定的 couldn't，其实考查的是同义并列关系。根据上文线索 “it would do me good in future” 可知，作者知道学中文有好处，但是在当时作者没有意识到学习第二门语言的优势，advantages 与 good 同义，所以答案为 D。
4.The next morning, I asked about the matter, ______ the explanation was simple.
A. so B. and C. till D. because
答案：B 解析：此处连接前后两个句子，表示并列顺承关系，用 and，答案为 B。
5.There are many fruits in the supermarket, ______apples, bananas and oranges.
A. as well as B. such as C. for example D. in addition
答案：B 解析：空后“apples, bananas and oranges” 是对空前 “many fruits” 的举例说明，such as 用于列举事物，后接名词或名词短语，符合语境，故选 B。而 for example 后常接完整的句子；as well as 表示 “也；和…… 一样”；in addition 表示 “此外”，均不符合题意。
6.Sports can bring us a lot of benefits. ______, playing basketball can improve our physical fitness and teamwork ability.
A. Such as B. For example C. In short D. In conclusion
答案：B 解析：空后“playing basketball can improve our physical fitness and teamwork ability” 是对空前 “Sports can bring us a lot of benefits” 的具体举例，for example 后可接完整句子，符合此处语境，故选 B。Such as 后一般不接句子；In short 和 In conclusion 表示总结，不符合题意。
7.I was always busy with work and travel. I didn’t think I would have time or energy to care for a pet. But everything changed when I met Kitty. She began to follow me around the house, and sit next to me on the sofa or the bed. She would play ______ with the toys I bought for her and wait for me at the door when I came back from work. Kitty changed my life for the better.
A. excitedly B. hurriedly C. carefully D. worriedly
答案：A 解析：无明显递进标志词，但通过 “followed（跟随）→ sat（陪伴）→ play...（互动）→ waited（等待）” 的行为变化，可判断是 “从‘被动跟随’到‘主动互动’” 的行为递进。“excitedly”（兴奋地）体现 “互动时的积极状态”，符合 “行为加深” 的逻辑；“hurriedly”（匆忙地）与 “陪伴宠物” 的语境不符，故选 A。
无标志词时，分析内容的 “情感 / 行为 / 范围变化”，判断是否存在“由浅入深、由轻到重” 的推进。
8.The small things could make them happy. I couldn’t find words to describe their joy when they received an ice cream, a ball or ______ a hug (拥抱).
A. even B. also C. ever D. still
答案：A 解析：“even” 表示 “甚至”，在这里强调 “a hug” 比 “an ice cream, a ball” 更能让他们开心，是一种递进关系，所以答案是 A。若不考虑递进：“also” 看似能表并列，但 “ice cream（物质）” 到 “hug（情感）” 是 “具体到抽象、轻度到深度” 的递进，“even” 恰好体现 “程度加深”，而 “also” 仅表 “同类添加”，无法匹配逻辑。此时，递进关系就是唯一能锁定 A 选项的 “钥匙”。
9.Volunteering not only helps others, but also helps you grow. When you volunteer, you learn new skills, meet new people, and________develop a sense of responsibility.
A. never B. even C. hardly D. seldom
答案：B 解析：已知递进标志词 “not only...but also...”，前文是 “learn new skills（学技能）”“meet new people（交朋友）”，空格后是 “develop a sense of responsibility（培养责任感）”，属于 “从具体能力到抽象品质” 的递进，“even” 表 “甚至”，强化 “递进效果”；其他选项均为否定含义，与语境矛盾，故选 B。
Reading is a good way to relax. You can read a book at home on a rainy day, or in a park on a sunny day. You can read a storybook for fun, or a book about history to learn something new —________, reading can make your life more colorful.
in short B. in fact C. what’s more D. above all
答案：C 解析：前文列举 “不同场景的阅读(雨天 / 晴天)”“不同目的的阅读(娱乐 / 学习)”，空格后是“阅读让生活更丰富”，属于“从‘具体例子’到‘抽象好处’” 的递进。选项中：
A. in short（总之）：表总结，无递进；B. in fact（事实上）：表强调事实，无递进；
C. what’s more（而且）：表递进，符合 “补充抽象好处” 的逻辑；D. above all（最重要的是）：表强调重点，无递进；故选 C。
5.利用语境暗示分析解题
上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[示例] 1. “I lost my new pen this morning. I looked for it everywhere, but I couldn’t find the ______. I felt so sad.”
A. book B. pen C. bag D. key
线索：前句已出现 “pen”，空格处 “the ___” 指代前文丢失的物品，直接复现 “pen”，选 B。
同义替换：空格处的答案与上下文某词是 “近义词”，需通过 “含义关联” 推断。
2.“The old man walked slowly because his legs were weak. Every step he took seemed very _______.”
A. easy B. difficult C. quick D. light
线索：前句 “walked slowly”“legs were weak” 暗示 “走路吃力”，“difficult” 是 “吃力” 的同义替换，选 B。
“Tom forgot his math homework. He was afraid to tell the teacher, so he _______ to copy his classmate’s. But when he saw his classmate’s hard work, he changed his mind and told the truth.”
A. decided B. refused C. agreed D. afforded
若只看前句 “afraid to tell”，可能误选 “refused”；但结合后句 “changed his mind”（改变想法），可知前句是 “原本决定抄袭”，选 A。
【高频错误1】只看 “局部线索”，忽略 “整体语境”
错误做法：仅盯着空格前后 1-2 个词，不读完整段落，导致 “断章取义”。
正确做法：先读 “完整段落”，明确段落主旨（如 “作者犯错后坦白”“朋友互相帮助”），再结合主旨判断选项是否符合 “整体逻辑”。
“The little girl held the teddy bear tightly in her arms. She felt_____when she was alone at home.”
A. happy B. safe C. angry D. bored
语法上 4 个选项均正确，但结合 “held tightly”（紧紧抱着）、“alone at home”（独自在家）的场景，“safe”（安全的）最符合 “通过抱玩具获得安全感” 的语境，选 B。
【高频错误2】 混淆 “语法正确” 与 “语境匹配”
错误做法：认为 “语法没问题的选项就是答案”，忽略 “是否符合语境”。
正确做法：先排除 “语法错误” 的选项，再从 “语法正确” 的选项中，选 “最贴合语境” 的（如情感、逻辑、场景一致）。
5.At first, I thought the new student in my class was strange because he was so quiet. I didn't try to talk to him. However, after we worked together on a science project, I found he was actually very kind and funny. I felt so______for my first impression.
A. sorry B. thankful C. special D. confident
【分析与解题】A
态度/情感线索：
起初的态度：thought... was strange (认为...很奇怪) -> 负面印象。
情感转折词：However -> 标志着态度将发生180度转变。
转变后的态度：found he was actually very kind and funny (发现他其实很善良、有趣) -> 正面印象。
逻辑关联：当一个人发现自己最初的负面判断是错误的时候，通常会产生一种“愧疚”或“遗憾”的情绪。
感彩验证：
A. sorry (抱歉的，遗憾的) - 表达了后悔的情感，与“意识到自己错了”的语境完美匹配。
B. thankful (感激的) - 褒义，但对象不对，这里不是感激，而是自责。
C. special (特别的) - 褒义，但情感不符，发现同学很好并不会让自己感觉“特别”。
D. confident (自信的) - 褒义，与上下文情感逻辑无关。
结论：作者的情感从“负面”转向“正面”，并对之前的负面判断产生了后悔心理。
因此 A. sorry 是唯一能准确表达这种复杂情感的选项。
My grandfather has a small garden. He spends hours there every day. For him, gardening is not a task but a great_______of joy. He always wears a smile on his face when he is with his plants.
A. source B. result C. test D. cost
【分析与解题】A
态度/情感线索：
not a task but... (不是一项任务而是...) -> 转折强调这是件愉快的事。
a great ... of joy (一个巨大的...的喜悦) -> 直接点明与“快乐”相关。
wears a smile (面带微笑) -> 具体的神态描写，强化了积极、幸福的情感。
逻辑关联：整个语段都在描绘园艺给祖父带来的快乐，情感基调是幸福和享受。
感彩验证：
source (来源) - “快乐的来源”，是积极的、建设性的表述，完美契合语境。
B. result (结果) - 中性，逻辑上略显生硬，快乐更像是园艺过程中产生的，而非一个最终结果。
C. test (测试) - 中性偏贬，与快乐的氛围不符。
D. cost (代价) - 贬义词，完全违背文意。
总结：
将完形填空当作一个“情感侦探游戏”。不要只理解字面意思，更要用心感受作者的情感脉搏。一旦把握了这条主线，你就能像拥有“第六感”一样，排除掉那些感彩不搭的选项，大大提高解题的准确率和速度。
