Unit 4 Hands-on fun单词、语法、知识点讲解译林版（2024）英语八年级上册

Unit 4 Hands-on fun单词、语法、知识点讲解
【知识梳理】 一、单词精讲 1. mooncake /`mu: nke k/ n.月饼 2. shelf / elf/ n.架子 3. rose /r z/ n.玫瑰 4. tape /te p/ n. 胶带v．用胶带粘贴 5. glue /glu:/ n. 胶水 v. 粘合，粘贴 I need some coloured paper ,tape or glue and a pair of scissors. (1) need 作实义动词，意为“需要，必然”，有人称、时态及数的变化。 need sb./ sth. 需要某人/某物 need to do sth. 需要做某事 need doing 需要（被）做 (2) need 也可作情态动词，意为“需要，必须”，没有人称、数和时态的变化，后接动词原形，多用于否定句和疑问句中。 用 must 提问的句子，其否定回答常用 needn’t 。 — Must he hand in his homework this morning 他必须今天上午交作业吗？ — No, he needn’t. 不，不必了。 【拓展】need to do 和 need doing 的辨析： need to do sth.意为“需要做某事” ，是自己主动去干某事； need doing 其主语是物，含有被动的意义，相当于 need to be done 。 The student needs to do his homework as soon as he gets home. 那个学生需要一回家就做家庭作业。 My computer needs repairing. 我的电脑需要修理。 【练一练】 1．If you the book, you buy it right now, I think. A．needn’t, needn’t B．don’t need, don’t need C．don’t need, needn’t D．don’t need, needn’t to 2．You those things if you them. A．needn’t buy; don’t need B．needn’t buy; needn’t C．don’t need to buy; needn’t D．don’t need buy; don’t need 3．---What does Sandy ---She some music books. A．need；need B．needs；need C．needs；needs D．need；needs 4．We can give old things away to people . A．in the need B．in a need C．in needs D．in need 5．---Must I stay here with you ---No, you . You may go home, but you go to the net bar (网吧). A．mustn’t ；don’t have to B．needn’t ；mustn’t C．must；need D．need；must 6. fold /f ld/ v.折叠 7. complete /k m`pli:t/ adj.完成，结束，全部的 When our job is plete vt.完成 (complete-completing /completed) complete the plan complete +n. (complete只能接名词做宾语) finish +n. / finish + doing complete adj.完全的,彻底的 He was a complete surprise to me.他让我大出意外。 completely adv. 完全地 【练一练】 1.The children are jumping excitedly because they have the design perfectly in groups. A. completed B. controlled C. contacted D. caused 2. My mother has completed the clothes. A. to wash B. washes C. wash D. washing 8. DIY n.自己动手 9. crazy /`kreiz / adj.狂热的，迷恋的 10. be crazy about 热衷于 My cousin Andrew is crazy about DIY. be crazy about (doing) sth. 痴迷于（做）某事 = like/enjoy (doing) sth. very much My son is crazy about playing football. 【练一练】 1. My sister is crazy playing computer games. A. of B. on C. about D. with 2. Not only his parents but also his sister DIY. A. are crazy about B. is crazy about C. is crazy of D. is crazy of 3. As a teacher, you should every child, and they will like you. A. be willing to B. be crazy about C. be patient with D. be angry with 4. Why is Simon crazy playing computer games A. such; about B. so; about C. so; in D. so; on 11. born /b :n/ adj.天生的 12. handyman /`h nd m n/ n.手巧的人 However, he is not a born handyman! however ，副词，意为“然而” ，转折的意味较弱。可位于句首、句中或句末。常 用逗号与句子隔开。 but ，连词，意为“但是” ，转折的意味较强。位于分句的句首。后面一般不用逗号。 be born ，短语，意思是“出生，出世”。 I was born on Christmas Day. 我出生在圣诞节。 [拓展]短语，at birth ，意思是“出生时”。 The baby weighed three kilos at birth. 婴儿出生时体重为三公斤。 13. mistake /m `ste k/ n. 错误 Once, he tried to put in a brighter light in his bedroom, but he made a mistake. ① once adv. 曾经,一度 (常用过去时) There was once a shoe factory here. adv. 一次 We have a reading week once a term. once 一次 twice 两次 three times /four times/ ten times ② put in 安装 带有 put 的常用短语: put out 扑灭 put on 穿上 put up 搭建, 张贴,举起 Put all your eggs in one basketball. 孤注一掷 ③ mistake n.错误,失误 make the same mistake 犯相同的错误 make fewer mistakes 少犯错误 make a little mistake 犯个小错误 mistake A for B 把 A 误以为 B 【练一练】 1.--Mr Green, would you please tell me the result of the test --Good job! You made mistakes. A. a little B. little C. few D. a few 2.The social worker helped the old man a light in his bedroom and a picture on the wall. A. put in; put on B. put up; put on C. put in; put up D. put on; put up 3.The room is not bright enough. I need to a light on the ceiling. A. put in B. put on C. put up D. put with 4.The light in our classroom . So we’re waiting for someone to a new one. A. did wrong; put in B. went wrong; put up C. did wrong; put up D. went wrong; put in 14. power cut n．停电,断电 15. pipe /pa p/ n.管道，管子 16. fill 使…充满 Another time, he wanted to put up a picture on his bedroom wall, but he hit a pipe and filled the room with water. other / the other / others / another 的区别： （1）other 为形容词“别的，其他的” 。作代词用时前面可加the / any/some 等或用作复数。 He is taller than any other brothers in his family. （2）the other 意为“另一个人，另一个东西” ，指两者中另外的一个。 I have two books. One is an English book, the other is a Chinese book. （3）others 意为“其他的人或物” ，作代词用。 You should think of others. （4）another 作形容词，意为“另外的，别的” ，只可修饰单数名词；作代词，意为“另一个， 再一个” ，指三者或三者以上中的任何一个。 Here comes another bus. ① hit vt. 撞,击中 (hit-hit-hitting) ② fill vt. 使充满 fill... with... 用...填充... fill the hole with earth 用泥土把洞填起来 be filled with... = be full of... 充满,装满 The world is full of/ is filled with love. 世界充满爱。 17. unlucky / n`l k / adj.不幸的，不顺利的 它的副词形式是unluckily，意为“不幸的是，不幸地”反义词是lucky，意为“幸运的”；名词是luck，意为“运气，好运” 18. instead /` nsted/ adv.反而 He didn’t listen. Instead , he bought many books about DIY and take an online DIY course as well. instead of= in place of，意为：“替换掉… ，而不是… ” 注意：of 为介词，后面一般跟名词、代词(宾格)、动词 ing 形式； I decided to call instead of writing an e-mail. I was going to write you an e-mail, but I decided to call instead. They chose her instead of me. They didn’t choose me; they chose her instead. 【练一练】 1. —Why don’t you keep long hair, Mary —The short hair looks fresh and cool. I also have time to sleep in the morning doing my long hair. A．more; instead B．more; instead of C．much; instead D．less; instead of 2. — Did you go to the cinema last night — No. seeing a film, I just stayed at home and watched TV. A．But B．So C．Instead D．Instead of 3. McDonald has changed its company’s name into Golden Arches Maidanglao, but most people don’t like the new name. A．instead B．instead of C．just like D．because of 19. course / k : s/ n.课程 20. mess /mes/ n.杂乱，不整洁 21. in a mess 乱七八糟 One day , he found my room in a mess, with books all over my bed. some day 与 one day 两者都可意为“有一天” ，但用法有别。 some day 表示将来的某天，常用于一般将来时 one day 表示过去的某一天，也可表示将来的某一天。可用于一般过去时或一般将来时，当表示将来的某一天时可 some day 换用 I will go to climb Mount Tai some day/one day inthe future. One day, he went to a small village. 【练一练】 1．I hear Lijiang is a very beautiful city. I hope I can visit it . A．some days B．some times C．some day D．sometimes 2．I strongly believe that my dream will come true even though many people laugh at me. A．some day B．some days C．every day D．a day 22. lamp /l mp/ n.灯 23. catch one’s eye 引起某人注意 24. surprise /s `pra z/ v. 使惊奇，使感到意外 I was surprised to know that he made it himself. surprise 惊奇 to one’ s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 令人惊讶的事 What a big surprise! ② surprise vt. 使惊奇, 使措手不及 Sth. surprise sb. What surprised me most was that she failed the exam. ③ surprised adj. 吃惊的,惊讶的 Sb. be surprised at sth. be surprised to do sth. ④ surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 a surprising ending 一个意想不到的结局 (侧重说明事物) make 的用法 make v. 做，制造；使成为；使产生 make sb./sth. +adj. “使某人/某物怎么样？” I’ll make it easier. make sb./sth. + n. “使某人/某物成为...” We made him our monitor. make sth. for sb. “为某人做某事” She made a birthday cake for me. make sb. do sth. “让/使某人做某事” She made me laugh. 【练一练】 (1) What (make) good teachers I think good teachers should be patient. (2) Mr Wu often tells us (fun) stories and makes us (laugh). (3) Millie is good at painting. All her friends think she an artist. A. makes B. will make C. grows D. will grow (4) Mr. Smith made Kitty the classroom alone. This made her . A．to clean; sad B．clean; sadly C．clean; unhappy D．cleaned; unhappy 25. impossible / m`p s bl/ adj.不可能的 My cousin enjoys DIY and now no DIY job seems impossible to him . seem 可用作连系动词或不及物动词，意为“似乎；好像 ”，常见用法如下： (1)“主语＋seem＋(to be)＋表语 ”，表语多为名词或形容词，有时是短语，以说明主语的 特征或状态。 He seems (to be)a very hard-working boy. (2)“主语＋seem＋不定式 ”，此句型中的 seem 与不定式一起构成复合谓语。 Mrs Green doesn't seem/seems not to like the idea. (3)“ It seems＋that 从句 ”，其中 it 是形式主语，that 引导真正的主语。 It seems that no one knows what happened in the park. 【练一练】 1.There lots of bad news on the Internet for children. A．seems to be B．seem to be C．seem to have D．seem to have 2.He after he chatted with his parents online. A．seems happily B．seemed happy C．seems happy D．seemed to happy possible作形容词，意为“可能的”；反义词是impossible，意为“不可能的”；副词是possibly，意为“可能地”；名词是possibility，意为“可能性”。 我们可以通过在一些形容词前面加上 un-, im-, in-这样的前缀来表示它们的反义词。 un-unableunfairunfriendlyunhappyunhealthyunkindunluckyuntidyunusualuncertainuncomfortableuninterestingim-impatientimpossibleimpoliteimproperin-inactiveincorrectincompleteindirect
25. nearly /`n l / adv.几乎，差不多，将近 When I was nearly finished. nearly 的意思是“几乎”。 almost 也表示“几乎”，但 almost 可用于 any ，no ，none ，nobody 等否定词之前，nearly 一般不这样用 He nearly hit the car. Almost any man can do it. Almost no one came to the party. 26. can /`k n/ n.金属容器，塑料容器 27. everywhere /`evr we r/ adv.&pron.到处 28. chalk /t : k/ n.粉笔 29. mark /mɑ k/ n.标记，分数 30. brush /br / n.刷子，画笔 31. instructions / n`str k nz/ n.（pl.）用法说明 32. dangerous /`de d r s/ adj.危险的 它的名词形式是danger，意为“危险”；反义词是safe，意为“安全的”，它的名词形式是safety，意为“安全” in danger/out of danger 33. usual /`ju: l/ adj.通常的，寻常的 它的反义词是unusual，意为“不同寻常的” 34. tie-dye /`ta da / v. 扎染（织物） 35. method /`meθ d/ n.方法 36. not only…but also 不仅…而且… Tie-dyeing is not only a form of art ,but also a lifestyle. not only...but also 的用法 ①not only... but also .... 不但....而且..... 【常与 both... and.... 同义转化】 Mr Yang is not only my teacher but also my friend. =Mr Yang is both my teacher and my friend. ②特别注意：当连接两个并列主语时, not only...but also...符合谓语就近原则。 Not only you but also he is crazy about decorating houses. =Both you and he are crazy about decorating houses. 【练一练】 1. the young the old are getting interested in WeChat. A. From; to B. Between; and C. Not only; but also D. Between; to 2.Not only he but also his parents DIY. A. are crazy about B. is crazy about C. is crazy of D. is crazy of 3.--I guess that you Joan enjoys skiing. --Exactly. We are crazy about skiing and we often go skiing together. A. neither; nor B. either; or C. both; and D. not only; but also form n. 表格; 形式 an art form 一种艺术形式 in the form of 以…的形式 form vi.& vt. 形成 form a circle 围成一个圈 form a habit of doing sth 37. twist /`tw st/ v. 使扭曲，使弯曲 38. cloth /kl θ/ n.布料，织物 39. tie /ta / v.系，拴，绑，捆 40. thread /θred/ n. 线 41. dye /da / v.给…染色，染 n.染料 42. untie / n`ta / v.解开 43. product /`pr d kt/ n. 产品 它的动词形式是produce，意为“生产”，production作名词，意为“产量”。 44. workshop /`w k p/ n.作坊 45. pattern /`p tn/ n.图案，模式 46. clothing /`kl / n.衣服，服装 47. roll /r l/ n.卷，管 48. reduce /r `dju: s/ v.减少 49. waste /`we st/ n.浪费，废料 I like making new things out of old ones. It can reduce waste. reduce to ”减少到” reduce by”减少了” . As a result, costs will be reduced by as much as 90℅ . waste还可以作动词，意为“浪费”，waste time doing sth.意为“浪费时间做某事”。 50. joy /d / n.乐趣，高兴 它的形容词形式是joyful，意为“高兴的，有乐趣的”，相当于happy。 51. reason /`ri: zn/ n.理由，原因 the reason for= the cause of 52. result /r `z lt/ n.结果，后果 as a result=so as a result of=because of 53. glove /gl v/ n.手套 54. button /`b tn/ n.纽扣，按钮 55. onto /` nt / prep.到…上，向…上 56. finger /`f g / n.指部，手指 57. sew /s / v.缝制 【巩固练习】 一、根据汉语提示填空 1. ______ (不幸), I missed the last bus and had to walk home in the rain. 【答案】Unluckily 2. Our school organized a visit to some local ______ (车间). We learned a lot about handmade crafts there. 【答案】workshops 3. He is busy _________ (用胶带粘贴) the poster to the wall. 【答案】taping 4. We need to discuss the _______ (原因) for the changes. 【答案】reasons 5. Climbing the old tree without help is very ______ (危险). 【答案】dangerous 6. Our science teacher introduced several new ______ (方法) for planting flowers. 【答案】methods 7. She ______ (解开) the rope quickly to save the little cat. 【答案】untied 8. The store displays various colorful ______ (灯) to attract customers. 【答案】lamps 9.The football match today is even ______ (疯狂) than the one last week. 【答案】crazier 10. ______ (系) a bow on the gift box takes patience and practice. 【答案】tying 二、用单词的适当形式填空 1. After the heavy rain, the old bridge was ______ (able) to support the weight of trucks. 【答案】unable 2. The nurse felt ______ (patient) when the child kept crying during the injection. 【答案】impatient 3. The students ______ (active) took part in in the discussion because they didn’t prepare well. 【答案】inactively 4. The _______ (perfect) work made him unhappy. 【答案】imperfect 5. Skiing on thin ice is ______ (danger) than cycling on a busy road. 【答案】more dangerous 6. Not only the kids but also their mother ______ (tie) balloons to the party room now. 【答案】is tying 7. The engineer followed the ______ (instruct) to fix the broken machine. 【答案】instructions 8. The artist ______ (dye) the white cloth blue to make traditional patterns. 【答案】dyed 9. My grandma ______ (sew) a warm quilt for me before I left for college. 【答案】sewed 10. The teacher pointed out my mistakes and told me how to answer _______ (correct). 【答案】correctly 二、语法精讲 1.祈使句 当我们向他人发出命令，提出要求或建议时，常使用祈使句。祈使句的祝愿时 you （听话人），通常不明确表示出来。 句式结构例句肯定句Do 型：动词原形（+宾语）+其他成分。Have a seat here. Be 型：Be+n/adj+其他成分。Be a good child! Let 型：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。Let me help you. 否定句Do 型和 Be 型均在句首加 Don’t 构成。Don’t be late for school! Let 型的否定形式有两种： Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。 Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分。Don’t let him go. =Let him not go.
（1）有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。 This way, please.=Go this way, please. （2）有些祈使句可用 No 开头，用来表示禁止。 No smoking! （3）为了使祈使句听来比较客气，委婉，除了用 please 外，句末还可用 will you。 Read the text, will you （4）在祈使句的前面加上 do可以加强语气。Do remember to call me. （5）祈使句的答句常用一般将来时。 --Don’t smoke here. --Sorry, I won’t. 【练一练】 1．—Don’t forget to wear school uniforms on Monday morning. — A．OK, I will. B．No, I will. C．OK, I won’t. D．Yes, I won’t. 2．It’s time for supper. Let’s it. A．stop having B．stop to have C．to stop to have D．to stop having 3． away from the lake, boys. It is deep. A．Stays B．Stay C．Staying D．To stay 4． play with fire. with fire is dangerous. A．Don’t; Playing B．Not; Playing C．Don’t; Play D．Not to; To play 5．—To prepare for the school trip tomorrow, what should I do, mum — an umbrella with you and it will be useful when it rains. A．Taking B．To take C．Take D．Took 6． late again, Bill! Or you will miss the wonderful fan meeting. A．Don't to be B．Don't be C．Not be D．Be not 7．—Please don’t forget to close the door when you leave the room. — . A．No, I won’t B．No, I will C．Yes, I won’t D．Yes, I will 8．—Mike, off the lights when you leave the classroom. —OK, Mr. White. A．turn B．turns C．to turn D．turning 2. should和had better 词汇用法例句should意为“应当,应该”,表达责任、义务、劝告等,没有人称、数和时态的变化。We should do what the teacher told us.had better 常简写为’d better 意为“最好”,表示劝告、建议,其否定式为had better not。 You’d better go to hospital at once.You'd better not forget to do your homework.
三、知识点讲解 1. Describe our own experience of making something. own 的用法解析 own v.有，拥有， 占有 owner n.物主，所有人， 【短语】 某人自己的 of one’s own 独自，独立 on one’s own =alone 或 by oneself experience 此处用作可数名词，意为“经历”。 I’m looking forward to experiencing many interesting things.我期待着经历很多有趣的事情。 experience 还可用作不可数名词，意为“经验”。 表示做某事的经验时，其后常接 in/of doing sth.。 Mr Wu has so much experience in teaching.王老师在教学方面有如此多的经验。 experience 还可作及物动词，意为“体验；经历”。 The girl has never experienced sadness.这个女孩从未体验过悲伤 experienced 形容词，意为“有经验的”。 My father is an experienced teacher. 我父亲是一个有经验的教师。 2.不定代词 something /nothing /anything /everything something某事物;一些事物I want something to eat. anything用于否定句/疑问句Is there anything in that box They don't have anything to eat.任何事物I want something to eat. Anything will be OK. everything一切事物;每样事物This shop sells everything needed for camping.最重要的事(用作表语)Money is everything to him.nothing没什么东西There's nothing interesting in the newspaper.
注意: 1.something 通常用于肯定句，anything 通常用于否定句或疑问句。 2.如果希望得到对方肯定的回答， 问句中需要用 something 来表示。 3.修饰以上四个不定代词的形容词不能放前面，必须放它们的后面: something, anything, everything, nothing+形容词/else something, anything, everything, nothing+ to do 4.nothing & none 的区别 nothing“什么都没有”常回答 what 疑问句none“一个都没有，数量为 0”常回答 How many/ much 疑问句
表示前文提到的事物，数量为 0 ，则用 none。 --- Mom, I want to eat some cakes. --- Oh, there is none left in the fridge. They were eaten by your sister just now 3. And I’ll cut the flower shapes. cut相关短语： cut in (on sb. / sth.) 打断某人讲话；插嘴 cut down 削减；砍倒 cut out 裁剪，删除 cut off 切断 4. But his mum told him, “Stop trying to fix things all by yourself, dear.” 停止做某事（同一件事）stop doing sth. 停下来去做某事（另一件事）stop to do sth. 忘记去做某事（未做） forget to do sth. 忘记做过某事（已做） forget doing sth. 记得去做某事（未做） remember to do sth. 记得做过某事（已做） remember doing sth. 【练一练】 1．When the bell rings, everyone should stop and start reading books. A．to talk B．talking C．to talking D．Talk 2．Please stop a rest if you feel tired. A．to have B．having C．have D．has 3．It’s already 12 o’clock at night, you’d better stop your homework to bed. A．doing; going B．to do; to go C．doing, to go D．to do; going 4．Could you please the hunters wild animals in danger A．tell; don’t keep hunting B ．to tell; not to stop hunting C ．tell; to stop hunting D ．tell; to not stop to hunt 5．—Did you forget off the light when you left the room just now —No, I remember that, Mum. A．to turn; to do B．turning; to do C．to turn; doing D．turning; doing try to do sth.尽力，努力，设法做某事 try to doing 尝试做某事 try one’s best to do sth.尽某人最大的努力做某事 5. I decided to paint my bedroom blue because it is my favourite colour. decide 决定 decide to do sth 决定做某事 decide not to do sth 决定不做某事 decision 决定，可数名词； make a decision (to do sth)下定决心（做某事） 6. Please don’ t give up. Keep trying and you will find you can remember things better. ① give up 放弃 give up sth/ doing sth 放弃某物，放弃做某事 (give it up) give up smoking 戒烟 ② keep doing sth. 一直不断做某事 ③ 句式结构:祈使句+and / or+陈述句 (多用将来时). 和 if 条件状语从句可以同义转换。 Hurry up, or you will miss the train. = If you don't hurry up, you will miss the train. Hurry up, and you will catch the train. = If you hurry up, you will catch the train. 7. You had better not / shouldn’t begin your work without reading them. ① begin vt. & vi. 开始, 着手 (begin-began-begun) begin to do/doing sth = start to do/ doing beginning n. 开始,起初 in the beginning 一开始 ② without prep. 没有 without sb. / sth./ doing a house without a garden 没有花园的房子 ③ patient adj. 耐心的 n.病人 be patient with children 对孩子们有耐心 cancer patients 癌症病人 8. Do you spend much time doing DIY ,Nora 【精讲】spend/cost/pay/take 辨析 【练一练】 1.--Dad, I’ve run out of my pocket money. I spent 100 yuan some favourite books. --OK. Here you are. But make sure you save money as well. A. for B. on C. with D. at 2.How long will it you to fly to Beijing from you hometown . A．spend B．take C．pay D．Use 3. --Smart phones are more and more popular now. --So they are .But they still too much now. A．pay B．cost C．take D．spend 4.The bag was very good,and she 30 per cent down for it. A．paid B．cost C．bought D．spent 5. I like the TV programme Readers best. I think we should spend as much time as we can in our spare time. A. read B.to read C.reading D. reads 9. If you want to have fun making new thing at home ,why not try tie-dyeing 表示建议句型： 日常交际中，向别人提出建议的句型有以下几种： (1)“Let's＋动词原形．”意为“ ” 咱们 … … 吧； (2)“Shall we＋动词原形？”意为“”我们 … …好吗； (3)“What/How about＋.-ing/名词/代词宾格？”意为“” … … 怎么样； (4)“Why don't we/you＋动词原形？ ”或“Why not＋动词原形？ ”意为“为什么不 … … 呢； (5)“Would you like (to do) … ？”意为“ 你愿意/想要(做) … … 吗； (6)“Would/Will you please＋动词原形？”意为“ ”请你 … …好吗 10. I love DIY because I find I’m good at it. be good at“擅长 ”；be good for“对……有益 ”。 对某人好 be good to sb =be friendly to sb; be weak in 在某方面薄弱/不擅长 do well in = be good at 擅长 do harm to = be harmful to 对...有害 11. We felt very proud and happy! proud adj. 自豪的, 骄傲的 be proud of = take pride in 以…为荣，为 …感到自豪 pride 名词，“骄傲 ”，短语：be the pride of… 是…的骄傲 He is the pride of his family. His parents are proud of him. His teacher is also proud to have such a top student.