Unit2Getting along单元语法讲练：现在完成时（含答案） 外研版（2024）英语八年级上册

单元语法精讲精练
● 单元语法精讲 ●
现在完成时(2)
现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在，还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与 since、for 引导的时间短语或从句连用。需要注意的是，since 后接过去某一时间点的词组或一般过去时的句子；for 后接一段时间。
1. since 的用法
(1)since + 过去的时间点，如：年、月、日、几点等
since 1990 自 1990 年起
(2)since + 时间段 + ago
since 3 months ago 自从三个月前
(3)since + 一般过去时的句子
He has stayed in the hotel since last Sunday.
他自上周日就住在这家旅馆了。(从上周日就一直住在这家旅馆，持续到现在，还有可能一直住下去)
(4)since 的一个固定句式 "It is + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时的句子。"
It is five years since I came here.我来这儿五年了。
2. for 的用法: for + 时间段
She has learned English for 5 years.
她已经学习英语五年了。(一直在学，持续了五年，并且还可能持续学下去)
He has worked here for five years.
他在这儿工作已经五年了。
【注意】
(1)在现在完成时中，若对 since 和 for 引导的时间状语进行提问，都可以用 how long。
(2)since 和 for 的句式转换：
since+ 时间段 + ago = for + 时间段。
They haven't changed since twenty years ago.
=They haven't changed for twenty years.
他们已经二十年没有改变了。
(3)若现在完成时的句子中含表示时间段的时间状语 (如 since/for 引导的时间状语)，则谓语只能使用延续性动词。
【拓展】 动词按其动作发生的方式，发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
(1)延续性动词：表示能够延续的动作，也可以表示经验与经历。如：learn, work, stand, lie, walk, sleep, keep, wait, watch, sing, read, stay, live 等。延续性动词可以与 for 和 since 引导的时间状语连用。
He has lived here for 6 years.
他在这儿住了六年了。(一直住在这儿，live 是延续性动词，并且很有可能继续居住下去)
I have known her since then.
自从那时起我就认识她了。(一直都认识，know 是延续性动词)
(2) 非延续性动词：也称终止性动词或瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, die 等。
非延续性动词不能与 for 和 since 引导的时间状语连用。
His grandmother died 10 years ago.
他的奶奶 10 年前去世了。
She finished the work at 6 o'clock.
她六点完成了工作。
【拓展】 在现在完成时中，如果时间状语表示一段时间，非延续性动词需要转化为延续性动词。常见的转换包括：
borrow→ keep
buy→ have
leave→ be away
begin/start→ be on
die→ be dead
Unit1 现在完成时(2) 语法精练
习题一：用since或for填空
1. He has lived in Beijing ______ 2008.
2. They have been married ______ ten years.
3. I have known her ______ we were children.
4. She has worked here ______ six months.
5. It hasn't rained ______ three weeks.
6. We have waited ______ two hours.
7. He has been ill ______ last Monday.
8. They have been friends ______ a long time.
9. I haven't seen him ______ last week.
10. She has studied English ______ she was six.
习题二：选择题
( ) 1. How long ______ you ______ English
A. have; studied B. has; studied C. did; study
( ) 2. They have worked here ______.
A. since three years B. for three years C. three years ago
( ) 3. My brother has had this bike ______ 2019.
A. for B. since C. in
( ) 4. She hasn't written to me ______ last month.
A. for B. since C. from
( ) 5. We have known each other ______ ten years ago.
A. for B. since C. when
( ) 6. The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.
A. for B. since C. in
( ) 7. He has kept the book ______ two weeks.
A. since B. for C. from
( ) 8. How long has your father ______ this car
A. bought B. had C. buy
( ) 9. Her grandmother ______ for five years.
A. has died B. died C. has been dead
( ) 10. The meeting has ______ for half an hour.
A. begun B. been on C. began
习题三：改写句子（保持句意不变）
1. He bought the computer three years ago.
→ He ______ ______ the computer for three years.
2. She left Shanghai five days ago.
→ She ______ ______ ______ from Shanghai for five days.
3. The film began thirty minutes ago.
→ The film ______ ______ ______ for thirty minutes.
4. I borrowed this book two weeks ago.
→ I ______ ______ this book for two weeks.
5. His father died ten years ago.
→ His father ______ ______ ______ for ten years.
6. They arrived here last Monday.
→ They ______ ______ here since last Monday.
7. The shop opened three hours ago.
→ The shop ______ ______ ______ for three hours.
8. I got to know her in 2020.
→ I ______ ______ her since 2020.
9. He joined the army two years ago.
→ He ______ ______ in the army for two years.
10. The rain started an hour ago.
→ The rain ______ ______ ______ for an hour.
习题四：改正句中的错误
1. He has bought the car for two years.
2. She has left home since 8 o'clock.
3. How long have you borrowed this book
4. The old man has died for three months.
5. They have come here for two hours.
6. I have finished my homework since 5 pm.
7. She has married for ten years.
8. He has joined the club since last year.
9. The train has arrived for twenty minutes.
10. My sister has bought the dress since yesterday.
习题五：用延续性动词的正确形式填空
1. He ______ (be) in Beijing since 2010.
2. She ______ (keep) the book for two weeks.
3. They ______ (be) married for twenty years.
4. I ______ (have) this computer since I graduated.
5. The film ______ (be) on for half an hour.
6. His grandfather ______ (be) dead for five years.
7. She ______ (be) away from home since Monday.
8. We ______ (know) each other since childhood.
9. He ______ (work) here for ten years.
10. The meeting ______ (be) on since 2 o'clock.
习题六：对划线部分提问
1. He has lived here for ten years.
2. She has worked in this company since 2018.
3. They have been married for five years.
4. I have kept the book for two weeks.
5. The film has been on since 7 o'clock.
6. He has been ill for three days.
7. She has studied English since she was six.
8. We have waited for an hour.
9. They have been friends since childhood.
10. The shop has been open for two hours.
答案
习题一：
1. since
2. for
3. since
4. for
5. for
6. for
7. since
8. for
9. since
10. since
习题二：
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B
6. A 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. B
习题三：
1. has had
2. has been away
3. has been on
4. have kept
5. has been dead
6. have been
7. has been open
8. have known
9. has been
10. has been on
习题四：
1. bought → had
2. left → been away
3. borrowed → kept
4. died → been dead
5. come → been
6. finished → had
7. married → been married
8. joined → been in
9. arrived → been here
10. bought → had
习题五：
1. has been
2. has kept
3. have been
4. have had
5. has been
6. has been
7. has been
8. have known
9. has worked
10. has been
习题六：
1. How long has he lived here
2. How long has she worked in this company
3. How long have they been married
4. How long have you kept the book
5. How long has the film been on
6. How long has he been ill
7. How long has she studied English
8. How long have you waited
9. How long have they been friends
10. How long has the shop been open