Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Period Five Writing
Ⅰ阅读理解(每小题2.5分,满分10分)
A study claims that wearable devices could also be used by cows on the farms of the future. Researchers from Southwest Jiaotong University in China have developed a smartwatch that can be used to monitor cows’ health, reproductivity and location.
“Monitoring environmental and health information of cattle can help prevent diseases and improve the efficiency of pasture breeding (草场培育) and management,” said Zutao Zhang, co-author of the study. In the study, the team set out to develop a wearable device that could be used to collect vital information on cows. “This information can include oxygen concentration, air temperature, amount of exercise, reproductive cycles, disease, and milk production,” explained Mr Zhang.
The smart devices are worn around the cows’ necks and ankles. They contain a unique motion enhancement mechanism (运动增强机制) to strengthen small movements the cows make. Once captured, the kinetic energy (动能) from the cows’ movements is stored in a battery and used to power the device. This means the device doesn’t need to be charged like a traditional smartwatch.
“There is a large amount of kinetic energy that can be harvested in cattle’s daily movements, such as walking, running, and even neck movement,” said co-author Yajia Pan. To put the device to the test, the researchers tested it on human participants. The tests revealed that even a light jog was enough to power temperature measurements on the device.
Beyond cows, the researchers say that the smart device could have a range of applications in humans. This includes sports monitoring, health care, smart homes, and wireless sensor networks. “Kinetic energy is everywhere in the environment—leaves falling in the wind, the movement of people and animals—these phenomena all contain a lot of kinetic energy,” said Zhang. “We shouldn’t let this energy go to waste.”
( )1.Why did the team develop the wearable device
A.To monitor cows’ environmental effects.
B.To gather vital information on cows.
C.To locate where cows reproduce.
D.To improve the quality of milk.
( )2.How is the device different from other smartwatches
A.It can be applied to many human-related fields.
B.It should be worn around the cows’ necks and ankles.
C.It makes use of the energy from the cows’ movements.
D.It takes less time to be charged than traditional smartwatches.
( )3.What do we know about kinetic energy from the last two paragraphs
A.It is easy to harvest.
B.It is simple to test.
C.It is huge in amount.
D.It is widely applied.
( )4.What is the best title for this passage
A.Wearable devices on the future farm
B.The kinetic energy in natural world
C.The quality meat of the super cows
D.Wide applications of a new invention
Ⅱ 阅读七选五(每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
How would you feel if moving to a new town meant losing track of your friends What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered 1. Thanks to progress in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly.
Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with.2. All you need is a Wi-Fi connection. The digital age also helps us find people who share our interests, such as playing an unusual instrument. Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect people who share the same hobbies, even if they live on the other side of the world.
3. It depends. If people always exchange true personal information online, these friendships can be real and meaningful. Yet we need to keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth. On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly. 4. Remember the saying: on the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog. A young person could be old; a woman could be a man; we could even be sharing our information with bad guys.
This doesn’t mean that we should throw the baby out with the bath water, though. Technology has changed the way we make friends, but the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same.5.
A.The Internet helps us make more friends.
B.But smiling photos can hide real problems.
C.This was how things worked not very long ago.
D.However, does the Internet really bring people closer
E.However, are the “friends” you make online really your friends
F.No one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other good things.
G.Social media lets us see what our friends are busy with and maintains our friendships.
Ⅲ 语法填空(每小题1.5分,满分15分)
A new, small robotic camera designed to be swallowed for use in medical examinations was 1. (recent) demonstrated at a conference in Canada. The device called PillBot can be guided through a body remotely, meaning electronically from outside. Its creators hope the device will replace traditional endoscopies (内窥镜检查). An endoscopy is when a camera attached to a wire is directed down the throat and into a sleeping 2. (patient) stomach.
The PillBot is designed to be the first motorized endoscopic camera. Here 3. (be)how developers say it works: a patient does not eat for one day, and then swallows the PillBot with lots of water. The PillBot acts like 4. small submarine (潜艇) controlled by a wireless remote control. When the exam is completed, the body will expel (排出) the PillBot 5. the same way it expels other solid waste.
Dr Vivek Kumbhari is the co-founder of the company. It is the latest step towards his larger goal of 6. (make) complex medicine more accessible.
If endoscopies can 7. (move) from a hospital setting to a patient’s home, he said, “then I think we have achieved that goal.” The device provides “a safer, 8. (comfortable) approach”, he added.
Alex Luebke is the co-founder of Endiatx. He said the PillBot can help people in rural areas 9. medical centres and treatment are lacking. The micro-robotic pill is undergoing testing. If 10. (approve), the PillBot could be available by 2026.
Ⅳ 写作
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
你校正在组织英语征文比赛,请以“我最敬佩的科学家”为题,写一篇短文参赛,内容包括:
1.人物简介;
2.敬佩的原因。
注意:1.短文题目已为你写好;
2.词数80个左右。
The scientist I respect most
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was a kindergarten teacher, 40 years old and non-athletic. One day, Ryan, my thirteen-year-old son, approached me and said, “Mum, would you like to join in our bikeathon (自行车马拉松) next month ” As he told me the details of the bikeathon, I laughed out loudly. “What makes you think I could finish a 20-mile bikeathon ” I asked.
Ryan looked straight in my eyes and said, “I know you can do it. You can be my ‘iron mummy’.” I almost laughed again. But my son was serious. So I promised him that I would consider it. When I began to think over his invitation, I surprisingly found that it would need months of training and new equipment, and that my bike needed fixing to work again. At that moment, I lost my interest in doing all of that.
The next day, I went to kindergarten class. I played a familiar counting song and the kids were struggling to keep up with the beat at first. “Let’s do it again, and this time better. I know you can do it!” There it was again and again, and the kids made it to sing to the beat. Realizing my inspiring words “I know you can do it”, I was determined to have a try for the bikeathon.
I told Ryan about it and asked him to give me some tips on how to get ready. I began training hard to get prepared. Then the bikeathon day came on a cool spring morning. Ryan and I set out for the site together. Ryan kept encouraging me on the road. However, as soon as I came to the starting point, which is on a hill overlooking our town and about twenty miles away from the finish line, I became a bit nervous.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
Then the bikeathon began.
Paragraph 2:
Encouraged by Ryan and other bikers, I regained (重新获得) my energy.
答案
Period Five Writing
Ⅰ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了中国西南交通大学的研究人员开发了一款智能手表,可以用来监测奶牛的健康、繁殖和位置,且这个设备可以从奶牛的运动中获取动能来充电。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段“‘Monitoring environmental and health information of cattle can help prevent diseases and improve the efficiency of pasture breeding(草场培育) and management,’ said Zutao Zhang, co-author of the study. In the study, the team set out to develop a wearable device that could be used to collect vital information on cows. ‘This information can include oxygen concentration, air temperature, amount of exercise, reproductive cycles, disease, and milk production,’ explained Mr Zhang.”可知,该团队开发这种可穿戴设备是为了收集有关奶牛的重要信息。故选B项。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段“The smart devices are worn around the cows’ necks and ankles. They contain a unique motion enhancement mechanism(运动增强机制) to strengthen small movements the cows make. Once captured, the kinetic energy(动能) from the cows’ movements is stored in a battery and used to power the device. This means the device doesn’t need to be charged like a traditional smartwatch.”可知,这款设备能利用奶牛移动时产生的动能。故选C项。
3.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“‘There is a large amount of kinetic energy that can be harvested in cattle’s daily movements, such as walking, running, and even neck movement,’ said co-author Yajia Pan.”(研究报告的合著者潘亚佳说:“在牛的日常运动中,比如走路、跑步,甚至是颈部活动,都可以获得大量的动能。”)以及最后一段中“‘Kinetic energy is everywhere in the environment—leaves falling in the wind, the movement of people and animals—these phenomena all contain a lot of kinetic energy,’ said Zhang.”(“动能在环境中无处不在——树叶在风中飘落,人和动物的运动——这些现象都含有大量的动能,”张说。)可知,动能在自然界中无处不在,且数量巨大。故选C项。
4.A 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A study claims that wearable devices could also be used by cows on the farms of the future. Researchers from Southwest Jiaotong University in China have developed a smartwatch that can be used to monitor cows’ health, reproductivity and location.”可知,本文主要介绍了一种未来用于奶牛的可穿戴设备。所以A项(未来农场中的可穿戴设备)适合做本文标题。故选A项。
Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了科技进步对人们交友方式的影响。
1.C 根据上文“What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered ”可知,此处说的是不久前人们之间进行交流的方式,与C项“This was how things worked not very long ago.”(不久前,事情就是这样运转的。)呼应。故选C项。
2.G 根据上一句和下文“All you need is a Wi-Fi connection.”可推出,空处与社交媒体有关,G项“Social media lets us see what our friends are busy with and maintains our friendships.”(社交媒体让我们了解朋友的忙碌状况,维系了我们的友谊。)符合语境。故选G项。
3.E 根据下文“It depends. If people always exchange true personal information online, these friendships can be real and meaningful. Yet we need to keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth.”可推出,空处对网上结交的朋友是否是真正的朋友提出了质疑,与E项“However, are the ‘friends’ you make online really your friends ”(然而,你在网上结交的“朋友”真的是你的朋友吗 )表达的含义一致。故选E项。
4.B 根据上文“On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly.”可推出,此处说的是积极的帖子后面可能藏着真正的问题,与B项“But smiling photos can hide real problems.”(但微笑的照片可能掩盖真正的问题。)表达的含义一致。故选B项。
5.F 根据上文“Technology has changed the way we make friends, but the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same.”可知,此处讲的是友谊的重要性,与F项“No one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other good things.”(没有人会选择没有朋友的生活,即使他拥有所有其他美好的东西。)呼应。故选F项。
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了最近在加拿大的一次会议上展示的一种新型的小型机器人相机,该相机可被吞咽,用于医学检查。
1.recently 考查副词。空处修饰动词demonstrated,应用副词形式recently作状语。故填recently。
2.patient’s 考查名词所有格。结合语意可知,此处表示“患者的”,需用名词的所有格形式patient’s。故填patient’s。
3.is 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据句中say和works可知,句子使用一般现在时,且本句使用完全倒装结构,how引导从句作主语,be动词使用is。故填is。
4.a 考查冠词。此处泛指“一艘小型潜艇”,空处应用不定冠词,且small是辅音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
5.in 考查介词。in the same way是固定短语,表示“用相同的方式”,符合题意。故填in。
6.making 考查非谓语动词。空处作介词of的宾语,应用动名词形式making。故填making。
7.be moved 考查被动语态。move与从句主语endoscopies之间是被动关系,且情态动词can后接动词原形,即can be moved。故填be moved。
8.more comfortable 考查比较级。空处与safer并列,表示“更舒适的”,所以空处应用形容词的比较级形式more comfortable。故填more comfortable。
9.where 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词rural areas,表示地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。
10.approved 考查状语从句的省略。if条件句中,主语与主句主语the PillBot一致,且approve与主语the PillBot之间是被动关系,在状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,从句中的主语和be动词可省略。故填approved。
Ⅳ.第一节
One possible version:
The scientist I respect most
In the vast expanse of scientific history, there are countless names with their groundbreaking discoveries and relentless pursuit of knowledge, among which one stands out prominently for me—Tu Youyou.
Born in Ningbo, on December 30th, 1930, Tu entered Peking University Medical School in 1951.Under her leadership, her team discovered artemisinin, which is of great significance for curing malaria once and for all. Thanks to Tu’s discovery, millions of lives have been saved. Her discovery is seen as such a big contribution to human health that all Chinese are proud of her.
Tu Youyou’s dedication to science and her spirit of never giving up inspire me a lot. She proves that with hard work, we can make a difference.
第二节
【思路点拨】 本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了一位40岁的幼儿园教师作为自认“毫无运动细胞”的普通女性,在十三岁儿子Ryan邀请她参加20英里自行车马拉松时,第一反应是哈哈大笑地反问“是什么让你觉得我能完成 ”。第二天在幼儿园课堂上,她发现自己鼓励孩子们时所说的“我知道你们能做到”的话语时,突然意识到这恰是儿子对自己说过的——“我知道你能做到,你可以成为我的‘铁人妈妈’。”——这个顿悟让她决定接受挑战。
【详解】
1.段落续写:
①由第一段首句内容“然后自行车马拉松开始了。”可知,第一段可描写作者参加自行车马拉松的经过,刚开始比较愉快,但是之后的疲劳让作者想放弃,在作者几乎停下时,她得到儿子和其他参赛者的鼓励。
②由第二段首句内容“在Ryan和其他骑行者的鼓励下,我恢复了体力。”可知,第二段可描写作者克服身体的痛苦,最终完成了比赛并感到自豪。
2.续写线索:比赛开始—愉快—痛苦—想放弃—得到鼓励—继续比赛—坚持—完成比赛—自豪
One possible version:
Then the bikeathon began. As I set off down the road, the wind rushed past my face, and my heart pounded wildly. The first few miles were thrilling, but soon, my legs began to ache, and doubt flashed through my mind. “Can I really make it ” I wondered. I felt like giving up. Every mile ahead became a challenge for me. I slowed down and almost stopped. Ryan, riding beside me, noticed my hesitation. “You’re doing great, mum! Just keep going!” he said. Besides, other bikers passing by me also cheered me.
Encouraged by Ryan and other bikers, I regained (重新获得) my energy. Taking a deep breath, I focused on the beat of my riding, just like how my kindergarten kids followed the beat of the counting song. The pain in my legs was still there, but the cheers around me made it feel lighter. Mile after mile, I pushed forward, repeating Ryan’s words in my head: “You can do it, iron mummy!” When I finally crossed the finish line, my heart was filled with pride. I had done it. That day, I truly became Ryan’s “iron mummy”.
