2026届高考英语二轮复习：浅谈“基于语篇知识的完形填空突破” 课件(共69张PPT)
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(共69张PPT)
浅谈“基于语篇知识的完形填空突破”
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目 录
壹
What
叁
Why
贰
How
1
What
1.1
语篇通常是指连续句子或语段所构成的语言整体。(黄国文，1988 )
语篇分析是指读者有效地分析语言产生的意义、识别语篇中的结构模式以及构成结构模式的各种语言手段的过程。(胡壮麟，1994)
把阅读文本当作一个有机整体，去分析其中的脉络关系、语境意义和文章主题，弄清楚语言在语境中如何产生具体意义的过程。
语篇知识
1.1
语篇是表达意义的语言单位，包括口头语篇和书面语篇，是人们运用语言的常见形式。就其长度而言，较短的语篇可以是一句话甚至一个单词，而较长的语篇可以是一本书甚至几本书。在使用语言的过 程中，语言使用者不仅需要运用词汇和语法知识，而且需要将语言组织为意义连贯的语篇。这就需要运用语篇知识。
《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》
1.1
语篇知识就是关于语篇是如何构成、语篇是如何表达意义以及人们在交流过程中如何使用语篇的知识。语篇中各要素之间存在复杂的关系，如句与句、段与段、标题与正文、文字与图表之间的关系。这些关系涉及语篇的微观和宏观组织结构。句子内部的语法结构、词语搭配、指代关系、句子的信息展开方式等，属于语篇的微观组织结构。语篇中段与段的关系以及语篇各部分与语篇主题之间的关系，则属于语篇的宏观组织结构。 语篇宏观组织结构还包括语篇类型、语篇格式等。
《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》
1.1
《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》
语篇知识内容要求：
①记叙文和说明文语篇的主要写作目的 (如：再现经历、传递信息、说明事实、想象创作)以及这类语篇的主要语篇结构特征(如：该类语篇的必要组成部分和可选组成部分、各组成部分的顺序等);
②日常生活中常见应用文的基本格式、结构及语言特点；③新闻报道的常见语篇结构、标题特征和语言特点；
④语篇中的显性衔接和连贯手段， 如：通过使用代词、连接词、省略句、替代等手段来实现的指代、连接、 省略、替代等衔接关系；
⑤语篇中段首句、主题句、过渡句的作用、位置及行文特征；
⑥语境在语篇理解和语篇产出过程中的作用；语境与语 篇结构、语篇内容的关系，比如，通过语境预测语篇内容，通过语篇的内容推测语篇发生的语境。
1.1
目标：
从语篇中提取主要信息和观点，理解语篇要义；理解语篇中显性或隐性的逻辑关系；把握语篇中主要事件的来龙去脉；辨认关键字词和概念以迅速查找目标信息(中华人民共和国教育部，2020:36)。
理解多模态语篇传递的要义和具体信息，推断作者的意图、情感、态度和价值取向，提炼主题意义，分析语篇的组织结构、文体特征和语 篇的连贯性，厘清主要观点和事实之间的逻辑关系；了解语篇恰当表意所采用的手段(中华人民共和国教育部，2020:117)。
《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》
1.1
语篇的显性衔接和连贯所指的内容是语篇知识中的五种衔接类型，即指代、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接(Halliday &Hasan,1976)。 这也包括句子间和段落间的增补、转折、原因和时间四大类关系(Halliday & Hasan,1976)以及举例、增补、转折、解释、等同、结果、总结、替换、转题、原因等语篇关系(黄国文，1988)。
教学要求中规定语篇的隐性衔接和连贯所指的内容是在不用but、 however、because、so、for example等连词的情况下实现转折、对比、因果、 增补等关系。
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1.2
完形填空最初叫“完形程序”,是由语言学家Taylor根据格式塔心理学 (Gestalt Psychology)概念发展而成的一种语言测试形式。该理论认为人类具有使缺损结构完整，进行修补的心理倾向与潜在意识(Heaton, 2000)。
完形填空测试要求测试者补全某一语篇中被以任意比例或固定比例删除的词或者短语(Henning,2001)。
它主要考查学生综合运用词汇、语 法、句型、语篇知识(李筱菊，1997)和语篇外知识开展阅读的能力。它要求对一篇不完整的文章进行补全，使全文流畅、通顺并符合语法规范。它是 高考中难点题型之一。
1.2
完形填空包括开放式完形填空、分项式完形填空和集库式完形填空(李筱菊 1997)。分项式完形填空考查单词、短语、句子和语篇四个层次，特别关注语篇层次的灵活使用(李筱菊，1997)。
How
章节副标题
壹
利用文章结构和文体类型
2.1
贰
（1）描写文
利用文章结构和
文体类型
2.1
（2）叙述文
（3）议论文
（4）说明文
Most people believe they don't have much imagination. They are 50 . Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to 51 it.
Making corrections. ......
No limits!....
Be someone else!......
50.A.wrong B.unbelievable C.reasonable D.realistic
51.A.put up with B.catch up with C.make use of D.keep track of
文章体裁
全文主旨
下文内容
作者态度
Over the past 38 years, Mr. Wang has pretended to be someone else many times, and has even learned to 21speak different dialects（方言），leading to him being described as an “Oscar-winning actor".
记叙文（5w1h）
Mr. Wang 出色乔装成他人：
pretended to be someone else
learned ...different dialects
Mr. Wang 为何乔装、如何乔装？
positive:“Oscar-winning actor"
2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷：完形填空
利用篇章模式
2.2
叁
（1）问题--解决模式
利用篇章模式
2.2
（2）主张与反主张模式
（3）概括--具体模式
（4）机会--获得模式
（5）提问--回答模式
（6）Labov叙事模式
Most people believe they don't have much imagination. They are 50 . Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to 51 it.
Making corrections. .......
No limits!......
Be someone else!......
50.A.wrong B.unbelievable C.reasonable D.realistic
51.A.put up with B.catch up with C.make use of D.keep track of
主张与反主张模式
概括--具体模式
利用中心句
2.3
肆
（1）段首
利用中心句
2.3
（2）段尾
（3）句中
Making connections.This technique involves taking 54 ideas and trying to find links between them.First,think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do.Then find an image,word,idea or object,for example,a candle.Write down all the ideas/words 55
with candles:light,fire,matches,wax,night,silence,etc.
NO limits!Imagine that normal limitations don't 58 .You have as much time/space/money,etc.as you want.Think about your goal and the new 59 .If your goal is to learn to ski, 60 ,you can now practise skiing every day of your life(because you have the time and the money).Now 61 this to reality.Maybe you can practise skiing ever day in December,or every Monday in January.
associated
exist
利用句子间关系和段落间关系
2.4
伍
利用句子间关系和段落间关系
2.4
举例、增补、转折、解释、等同、结果、总结、替换、转题、原因等语篇关系
1.（2019.6）While restaurants threw away41 tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of 42 garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies.
42. A. locked B. damaged C. connected D. abandoned
2.（2019.6）“I have to get food 52 because after all the biking I am tired and I need the 53 ,” Dubanchet explained.
52. A. again B. alone C. later D. fast
3. (2020.7)Lamb and mother __reunited_39_ , I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so ___40___ because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out.
40. A.unexpected B. dangerous C.embarrassing D. difficult
(1)cause and effect relation因果关系
1.(2022新高考Ⅰ）He was 44uncomfortable , and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 45 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 46 — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
45. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for
46. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed
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第二级
第三级
第四级
第五级
2. (2021新高考Ⅰ）Our 48 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.
48. A. joys B. ideas C. roles D. choices
(2)explanation relation解释关系
(2023.6) When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very ___47___. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___48___ for him, having to leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would work out.
47. A. confused B. nervous C. annoyed D. curious
48. A. hard B. fine C. common D. lucky
(3)adversative/ contrast relation 转折/对比关系
2. (2019.6)For legal reasons44 , most restaurants have a policy against giving away45 food waste. “Some people have even 46 their jobs by giving me food,” Dubanchet said.
46. A. did B. kept C. accepted D. risked
3. (2017.6)The books are in every language — new books, ancient books, 40 a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old.
40. A. then B. still C. even D. rather
1. (2020新高考Ⅰ）A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24 damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25 , the number of snakes had declined as well.
25. A. Besides В. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
(4)progressive relation 递进增补关系
运用词汇衔接手段
2.5
陆
（1）同义复现
运用词汇衔接手段
2.5
（2）同义互现
完型填空篇章分析（微观结构分析之词汇衔接）
复现关系：某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上下义词、概括词重复出现在语篇中,语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到相互衔接。
原词复现
eg. The two man at the counter read the menu.
From the other end of counter Ben watched them.
1. (2018北京)For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）. ... After spotting a ___18___ on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the ____19____ to return.
18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel
19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman
2.(2018天津卷) Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. ... Six months after suffering our 29 on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second.
29. A. defeat B. decline C. accident D. mistake
3.(2017全国卷I) While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. ... After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club`s meetings.
52.A.exercise B. explore C. express D. explain
4.All of a sudden I started to feel rather ___1___. She wondered why I was looking for this sort of ___2___. I felt even more helpless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experience.
A. encouraged B. dissatisfied C. helpless D. pleased
A. place B. job C. advice D. help
5.(2023.1) Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began climbing. He stopped every few minutes to move the 48 higher up the tree trunk.
48. A. hives B. leaves C. rope D. honey
6.(2023.6) On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.
…
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.
…
She would have struggled with extreme 50 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
44. A. race B. school C. town D. training
50. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness
7. (2022.1浙江）When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy four last year, she started having problems with her 36 , notably dryness and discomfort.
"I was simply 37going through a terrible experience,”Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto. "I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my 38 was affected."
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had 39 problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in 40 ．”Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 41 ,” she said. "But more and more are suffering and lives are being 42 ."
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research 43program at Tel Aviv University in Israel .
36. A. throat B. skin C. lungs D. eyes
38. A. story B. treatment C. life D.relationship
8. (2021.6)The only way40 to pay for the groceries was to take off the 41 she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol (医用酒精) and a bar of soap.
......
My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a stranger 45 came up to her and said, “Here are the things that you put back46 ,” handing her the rubbing alcohol and the 47 .
41. A. weight B. things C. mask D. glasses
47. A. receipt B. soap C. cash D. bottle
9. (2020.1)I was born legally blind. Of all the stories of my early childhood, the one about a 36 is my mother’s favorite........... I took advantage of my brief freedom39 to dash across the lawn (草坪) — and hit a large mapletree! .......Mom expected41 me to start crying, but I just sat there for a minute. .......When that happens, don’t sit in the grass and 54 .
36. A. trip B. race C. tree D. driver
54. A. play B. relax C. dream D. cry
eg. He got many presents from his friends . All the gifts were wrapped in colored paper.
1. My childhood was mostly silent. It was full of love, laughter, anger and sadness like any family, but these things occurred 41 .
41.A. quickly B. constantly C. quietly D. normally
2. The knowledge instilled(灌输) in me was ……
I loved to watch her hands, which were always 43 me things by showing me how, as she watered, weeded and dug her garden.
43.A. serving B. awarding C. sparing D. teaching
同义词、近义词复现
3.That is what a hobby means, I guess. It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for the ______ of it. The value in dollars is not important; we do it for the pleasure it gives us.
A. benefit B. good C. fun D. interest
4.We all know that some things are obviously right. For example, it is right to be kind to other people. It is also right to look after the environment. Some things are ____ wrong, too. For example, we should not hurt or bully(欺负) others.
A. equally B. slightly C. clearly D. increasingly
上下义复现
上义词指的是那些表示意义较概括的词,它们的词义包括了下义词的词义。例如,animal 是 cat，sheep, lion, elephant, dog 等的上义词,cat，sheep, lion, elephant, dog 等词则是animal的下义词。food是bread, noodle, milk, rice的上义词；反之bread, noodle, milk, rice是food的下义词。
1. Other times, he would join student groups to discuss a variety of : agriculture, diving and mathematics.
A. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents
2. When these children become adults, they might be placed in a disadvantaged position in schools, in the job market or in their marriage issue. Sometimes they might feel discriminated（受歧视的） against in _____.
A. workplace B. society C. family D. committee
概括词复现
概括词指的是那些表示一般意义的词。例如,people, man,
woman,thing, place, do, make 等都是概括词。概括词与其所指
的词构成的衔接是通过概括词复现关系。
eg. Can you tell me where to stay in Paris
I've never been to the place.
后一句中的概括词 place和前面的Paris构成相互衔接关系。
同现关系：词汇同现关系指词汇共同出现的倾向性，在语篇中围绕一定的话题， 一定的词往往会同时出现，而其他词就不太可能或根本不出现(黄国文，1988)。词汇的同现包括反义关系、互补关系和词汇链(黄国文，1988)。
Discrimination is undoubtedly practised against women in the field of scientific research. We don't find men complaining that they are not being interviewed for positions that they are clearly qualified to fill.
（互补同现:两句之间的衔接主要是依靠互补词men和women的对照。）
1. Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesn’t ______ your memory; it only tightens it.
A. loosen B. weaken C. decrease D. reduce
2. This book has been designed to help you capitalize on the strength and overcome the ______ that you bring to the job of learning.
A. ideas B. weakness C. strength D. advantage
3.（2017 全国II）I had advised the kids that while verbs（动词）may seem dull, most of the 50 things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.
A. simple B. unique C. fun D. clever
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第二级
第三级
第四级
第五级
反义同现
A great number of high school graduates continue their education in one of the many colleges or universties in the country. After four years,they receive a bachelor's degree.Some continue studying
for a master's degree and perhaps a doctor's degree.（高中毕业后教育的词汇链）
意义相关联的词汇经常在一个语篇中同时出现（共现），形成词汇链(lexical chain)，我们可以把其中的一些词汇的出现看做是一个signal，对接下来可能出现的词汇做出预测。
主题信息词指表达、反映文本主题,对阅读具有触发、链接、卷入、升华特征的词汇或语块，是文本中最关键的“信息词”。主题信息词在阅读语篇中往往易于捕捉，多出现在标题、文章首尾段，亦或是贯穿整个语篇。同学们在阅读中，应以主题信息词为语义磁场的中心，将其它信息和段落加以梳理、重组和整合，旨在将与相关话题的词汇知识、语法结构等连接成语篇主题网络。（谢宗春）
47. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
49. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
1. (2023.1) He 45 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and lit the bunch to create a torch（火把）.
45. A. gathered B. cleaned C. dropped D. checked
3.(2023.6) Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with aid . She couldn’t. Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get medical attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 49 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.
2. (2023.1) Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d 51 the trunk and was back on the ground.
51. A. cut off B. gone up C. slid down D. held onto
词汇链
4.(2021.1)Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to 36 on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA.
36. A. calculate B. negotiate C. advertise D. research
5.(2020.1)I took advantage of my brief freedom to dash across the lawn (草坪) — and hit a large maple tree! I was running so fast that I bounced off the trunk and 40 on my backside.
A. landed B. slept C. laughed D. wept
利用文章结构、文体类型、篇章模式、中心句、句子间关系、段落间关系和词汇衔接等都必须利用语境理论。
利用语境
2.6
柒
3.My childhood was mostly silent. ………
We often went for hours like this， 49 a word spoken and yet we were talking in various ways the whole time.
49.A. casually B. simply C. barely D. merely
1.(2023.1) Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives（蜂箱）are placed in the 42 .
…
Finally, Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.
42. A. courtyards B. fields C. treetops D. caves
2.(2023.6) In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 41 . They could not afford to pay for 42 for their dog, Tiffy, and desperately wanted to take her with them.
41. A. turn B. budget C. schedule D. connection
42. A. food B. shelter C. medicine D. transportation
4. (2021.6)My mother is 92. Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her 36 and visit the doctor, providing 37 and transportation. During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby store to 38 some small things she needs.
36. A. exercise B. housework C. cooking D. shopping
38. A. return B. collect C. order D. buy
5. (2021.1)But on the last night we were caught50 in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was close to 51 . I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only 52 part of my tent.
51. A. boiling B. average C. normal D. freezing
52. A. tidy B. dry C. new D. soft
利用关联词
2.7
捌
关联词指表达上下文逻辑关系的词语。
语篇标记的分类如下(崔俊媛，2017:119-120):
(1)表示转折关系的信号词：unlike、still、but、yet、however、 nevertheless、whereas、while、on the other hand、instead、on the contrary等。
(2)表示递进关系的信号词：again、also、too、and、and then、besides、on the other hand、in addition、moreover、furthermore等。
(3)表示次序关系的信号词：at first、at present、in the first place、the second place 、to begin with 、to start with 、also 、at last 、now 、then 、next、afterwards、later、presently、meanwhile、meantime等。
(4)表示解释的信号词：that is to say、namely、for example、to illustrate等。
(5)表示结果的信号词：therefore、hence、thus、so、if so、and、and then、as a result、as a consequence、accordingly、consequently,in consequence等。
语篇标记的分类如下(崔俊媛，2017:119-120):
(6)表示原因的信号词：because、because of、due to、thanks to、in virtue of、owing to 、the key/main/chief/most important/reason is that、the reason for this 、lies in 、as a result of、in consequence of、on the ground of等。
(7)表示对照的信号词：in contrast、conversely、on the contrary、in spite of等。
(8)表示等同的信号词：similarly、likewise、in the same way、in other words、that is equally等。
(9)表示强调的信号词：in reality、in fact、as a matter of fact、sure enough 、to be sure 、actually 、above all 、in particular 、most importantly、 most important of all等。
(10)表示替换的信号词：again、alternatively、or、rather、or at least等。
语篇标记的分类如下(崔俊媛，2017:119-120):
(11)表示转题的信号词：now、incidentally、by the way、to change the subject等。
(12)表示推论的信号词：else、otherwise、then、in that case等。
(13)表示总结的信号词：in a word、in short、in brief、in summary、in conclusion 、to draw a conclusion 、on the whole 、altogether 、overall 、(all) in all等。
(14)表示引出观点的信号词：in my opinion、to my mind、
I think/believe/hold/suppose that 、it is my belief that 、 generally speaking 等。
1.（2019.6）Berlin has been the 48 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.
48. A. easiest B. nearest C. biggest D. richest
2. (2020.7)I ran desperately but failed to _45_. It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The _last46__ thing I saw was Don’s face, looking calmly back at me.
45. A. take off B. catch up C. hold back D. get out
转折关系
Why
章节副标题
玖
。
3.1
在正确理解语篇主旨大意的基础上，
关注具体语境中不同词语、句子与整个篇章结构之间的联系，
考查考生对英语词法、句法以及语篇知识的掌握运用。
（教育部教育考试院：2023年高考英语全国卷试题评析）
3.2
语篇构成了语言交际过程中的基本单位，同时也是传达意义的重要载体。在进行完形填空时，考生需要通读全文，把握文章的核心思想，并结合上下文情境，综合运用所学的词汇和语法知识，以合理地填补空白。语篇知识在这一过程中扮演着至关重要的角色，它不仅帮助考生理解文章的结构和语境的连贯性，而且还能促进更精确的判断。
1. 通过本节课的学习，您对完形填空题型有了哪些新的认识？（多选）
A我更清楚地认识到完形填空考察的是语篇理解和逻辑推断能力。（178）
B 我学会了运用句子之间的过渡成分来理顺文章的逻辑关系。（178）
C 我掌握了文章体裁的识别方法，能根据不同体裁的特点来解题。（150）
D 我学会了揣测作者的写作态度、语气和目的，从而更准确地理解文章。（162）
E 我对词汇衔接在完形填空中的应用有了全新认识。（158）
F 我学会了利用上下文的语境来解题。（169）
调查问卷结果
2. 您觉得本节课中哪些内容对您最有帮助？（多选）
A语篇连贯性的讲解（151）
B 代词指代关系的分析（102）
C 文章体裁的识别与应对策略（117）
D 作者意图的揣测方法（126）
E 词汇衔接在完形填空中的应用（156）
F 其他（请具体说明）：__________（0）
3. 您在课后是否尝试运用所学语篇知识来解决完形填空题目？（单选）
A 是，我尝试了很多次，感觉效果很好。（166）
B 是，但我尝试的次数不多，效果一般。（21）
C 否，我还没有尝试过。（20）
4. 在解决完形填空题目时，您是否更加关注词汇之间的衔接关系？（单选）
A是，我特别注意词汇之间的衔接，这对我理解文章有很大帮助。（158）
B 有时会注意，但不一定每次都能准确识别。（47）
C 否，我通常不关注词汇衔接。（5）
5.您认为词汇衔接在完形填空解题中起到了什么作用？（多选）
A帮助我更好地理解文章的整体结构和逻辑。（177）
B 使我更容易找到代词的指代对象。（50）
C 提高了我的解题速度和准确率。（164）
D 其他（请具体说明）：__________（0）
6. 在运用语篇知识解决完形填空题目的过程中，您遇到了哪些困难？（多选）
A生僻词汇太多，影响理解。（77）
B 词汇衔接关系复杂，难以快速识别。（41）
C 文章太长，难以快速抓住主旨。（37）
D 句子之间的逻辑关系复杂，难以梳理。 (54)
E 其他（请具体说明）：__________(0)
7. 您希望老师在后续的教学中如何进一步帮助您提高完形填空的解题能力？（多选）
A 提供更多典型的完形填空题目进行练习。(68)
B 深入讲解完形填空解题的技巧和方法，特别是词汇衔接的应用。(109)
C 针对学生在解题中常见的错误进行剖析和纠正。(82)
D 组织小组讨论，分享彼此的解题经验和心得。 (33)
E 其他（请具体说明）：__________(0)
8.您对本次课程还有哪些其他建议或想说的话？
8.您对本次课程还有哪些其他建议或想说的话？
3.3
提升解题的准确性：掌握语篇知识能够帮助学生从宏观角度理解文章，准确把握句子间的逻辑关系以及全文的语境，从而提高完形填空题目的解答准确性。
培养语言运用能力：完形填空不仅测试学生对词义的辨析、词汇的具体用法和搭配、语法知识的掌握，还考察学生的语境整合能力。通过运用语篇知识，学生能够更好地理解和运用语言，进而提升语言运用能力。
提升英语综合能力：语篇教学鼓励学生阅读完整文章，通过上下文中的其他信息来猜测和理解句子，明确句子、段落间的联系以及文章的主旨。这有助于学生培养语篇意识，从宏观角度理解文章内容，从而提升英语的综合运用能力。
语篇知识应用于完形填空的教学策略
了解语篇背景：在教授完形填空时，教师应首先引导学生了解文章的背景信息，包括文化、历史、社会等方面，以帮助学生更好地理解文章内容。
分析语篇结构：教师应指导学生分析文章的篇章结构，如中心句、支持句、结论句等，以及段落之间的逻辑关系，从而帮助学生把握文章的整体框架。
培养词汇衔接能力：词汇衔接是语篇连贯的关键手段。教师应通过例句、练习等方式，帮助学生掌握词汇衔接的技巧，例如词汇复现和词汇同现。语篇知识不仅适用于完形填空，还可以拓展到其他语言学习领域，如阅读理解、写作等帮助学生更全面地掌握语言技能。
培养语篇意识和文化意识：教师平时有意识地培养学生的语篇意识，同时在运用语篇知识解决完形填空的过程中，学生可以接触到不同国家和地区的文化背景和风俗习惯，从而培养他们的跨文化意识。
THANK YOU !
浅谈“基于语篇知识的完形填空突破”
单击此处添加副标题
目 录
壹
What
叁
Why
贰
How
1
What
1.1
语篇通常是指连续句子或语段所构成的语言整体。(黄国文，1988 )
语篇分析是指读者有效地分析语言产生的意义、识别语篇中的结构模式以及构成结构模式的各种语言手段的过程。(胡壮麟，1994)
把阅读文本当作一个有机整体，去分析其中的脉络关系、语境意义和文章主题，弄清楚语言在语境中如何产生具体意义的过程。
语篇知识
1.1
语篇是表达意义的语言单位，包括口头语篇和书面语篇，是人们运用语言的常见形式。就其长度而言，较短的语篇可以是一句话甚至一个单词，而较长的语篇可以是一本书甚至几本书。在使用语言的过 程中，语言使用者不仅需要运用词汇和语法知识，而且需要将语言组织为意义连贯的语篇。这就需要运用语篇知识。
《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》
1.1
语篇知识就是关于语篇是如何构成、语篇是如何表达意义以及人们在交流过程中如何使用语篇的知识。语篇中各要素之间存在复杂的关系，如句与句、段与段、标题与正文、文字与图表之间的关系。这些关系涉及语篇的微观和宏观组织结构。句子内部的语法结构、词语搭配、指代关系、句子的信息展开方式等，属于语篇的微观组织结构。语篇中段与段的关系以及语篇各部分与语篇主题之间的关系，则属于语篇的宏观组织结构。 语篇宏观组织结构还包括语篇类型、语篇格式等。
《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》
1.1
《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》
语篇知识内容要求：
①记叙文和说明文语篇的主要写作目的 (如：再现经历、传递信息、说明事实、想象创作)以及这类语篇的主要语篇结构特征(如：该类语篇的必要组成部分和可选组成部分、各组成部分的顺序等);
②日常生活中常见应用文的基本格式、结构及语言特点；③新闻报道的常见语篇结构、标题特征和语言特点；
④语篇中的显性衔接和连贯手段， 如：通过使用代词、连接词、省略句、替代等手段来实现的指代、连接、 省略、替代等衔接关系；
⑤语篇中段首句、主题句、过渡句的作用、位置及行文特征；
⑥语境在语篇理解和语篇产出过程中的作用；语境与语 篇结构、语篇内容的关系，比如，通过语境预测语篇内容，通过语篇的内容推测语篇发生的语境。
1.1
目标：
从语篇中提取主要信息和观点，理解语篇要义；理解语篇中显性或隐性的逻辑关系；把握语篇中主要事件的来龙去脉；辨认关键字词和概念以迅速查找目标信息(中华人民共和国教育部，2020:36)。
理解多模态语篇传递的要义和具体信息，推断作者的意图、情感、态度和价值取向，提炼主题意义，分析语篇的组织结构、文体特征和语 篇的连贯性，厘清主要观点和事实之间的逻辑关系；了解语篇恰当表意所采用的手段(中华人民共和国教育部，2020:117)。
《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》
1.1
语篇的显性衔接和连贯所指的内容是语篇知识中的五种衔接类型，即指代、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接(Halliday &Hasan,1976)。 这也包括句子间和段落间的增补、转折、原因和时间四大类关系(Halliday & Hasan,1976)以及举例、增补、转折、解释、等同、结果、总结、替换、转题、原因等语篇关系(黄国文，1988)。
教学要求中规定语篇的隐性衔接和连贯所指的内容是在不用but、 however、because、so、for example等连词的情况下实现转折、对比、因果、 增补等关系。
单击此处编辑母版标题样式
1.2
完形填空最初叫“完形程序”,是由语言学家Taylor根据格式塔心理学 (Gestalt Psychology)概念发展而成的一种语言测试形式。该理论认为人类具有使缺损结构完整，进行修补的心理倾向与潜在意识(Heaton, 2000)。
完形填空测试要求测试者补全某一语篇中被以任意比例或固定比例删除的词或者短语(Henning,2001)。
它主要考查学生综合运用词汇、语 法、句型、语篇知识(李筱菊，1997)和语篇外知识开展阅读的能力。它要求对一篇不完整的文章进行补全，使全文流畅、通顺并符合语法规范。它是 高考中难点题型之一。
1.2
完形填空包括开放式完形填空、分项式完形填空和集库式完形填空(李筱菊 1997)。分项式完形填空考查单词、短语、句子和语篇四个层次，特别关注语篇层次的灵活使用(李筱菊，1997)。
How
章节副标题
壹
利用文章结构和文体类型
2.1
贰
（1）描写文
利用文章结构和
文体类型
2.1
（2）叙述文
（3）议论文
（4）说明文
Most people believe they don't have much imagination. They are 50 . Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to 51 it.
Making corrections. ......
No limits!....
Be someone else!......
50.A.wrong B.unbelievable C.reasonable D.realistic
51.A.put up with B.catch up with C.make use of D.keep track of
文章体裁
全文主旨
下文内容
作者态度
Over the past 38 years, Mr. Wang has pretended to be someone else many times, and has even learned to 21speak different dialects（方言），leading to him being described as an “Oscar-winning actor".
记叙文（5w1h）
Mr. Wang 出色乔装成他人：
pretended to be someone else
learned ...different dialects
Mr. Wang 为何乔装、如何乔装？
positive:“Oscar-winning actor"
2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷：完形填空
利用篇章模式
2.2
叁
（1）问题--解决模式
利用篇章模式
2.2
（2）主张与反主张模式
（3）概括--具体模式
（4）机会--获得模式
（5）提问--回答模式
（6）Labov叙事模式
Most people believe they don't have much imagination. They are 50 . Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to 51 it.
Making corrections. .......
No limits!......
Be someone else!......
50.A.wrong B.unbelievable C.reasonable D.realistic
51.A.put up with B.catch up with C.make use of D.keep track of
主张与反主张模式
概括--具体模式
利用中心句
2.3
肆
（1）段首
利用中心句
2.3
（2）段尾
（3）句中
Making connections.This technique involves taking 54 ideas and trying to find links between them.First,think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do.Then find an image,word,idea or object,for example,a candle.Write down all the ideas/words 55
with candles:light,fire,matches,wax,night,silence,etc.
NO limits!Imagine that normal limitations don't 58 .You have as much time/space/money,etc.as you want.Think about your goal and the new 59 .If your goal is to learn to ski, 60 ,you can now practise skiing every day of your life(because you have the time and the money).Now 61 this to reality.Maybe you can practise skiing ever day in December,or every Monday in January.
associated
exist
利用句子间关系和段落间关系
2.4
伍
利用句子间关系和段落间关系
2.4
举例、增补、转折、解释、等同、结果、总结、替换、转题、原因等语篇关系
1.（2019.6）While restaurants threw away41 tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of 42 garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies.
42. A. locked B. damaged C. connected D. abandoned
2.（2019.6）“I have to get food 52 because after all the biking I am tired and I need the 53 ,” Dubanchet explained.
52. A. again B. alone C. later D. fast
3. (2020.7)Lamb and mother __reunited_39_ , I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so ___40___ because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out.
40. A.unexpected B. dangerous C.embarrassing D. difficult
(1)cause and effect relation因果关系
1.(2022新高考Ⅰ）He was 44uncomfortable , and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 45 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 46 — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
45. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for
46. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed
单击此处编辑母版文本样式
第二级
第三级
第四级
第五级
2. (2021新高考Ⅰ）Our 48 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.
48. A. joys B. ideas C. roles D. choices
(2)explanation relation解释关系
(2023.6) When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very ___47___. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___48___ for him, having to leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would work out.
47. A. confused B. nervous C. annoyed D. curious
48. A. hard B. fine C. common D. lucky
(3)adversative/ contrast relation 转折/对比关系
2. (2019.6)For legal reasons44 , most restaurants have a policy against giving away45 food waste. “Some people have even 46 their jobs by giving me food,” Dubanchet said.
46. A. did B. kept C. accepted D. risked
3. (2017.6)The books are in every language — new books, ancient books, 40 a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old.
40. A. then B. still C. even D. rather
1. (2020新高考Ⅰ）A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24 damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25 , the number of snakes had declined as well.
25. A. Besides В. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
(4)progressive relation 递进增补关系
运用词汇衔接手段
2.5
陆
（1）同义复现
运用词汇衔接手段
2.5
（2）同义互现
完型填空篇章分析（微观结构分析之词汇衔接）
复现关系：某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上下义词、概括词重复出现在语篇中,语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到相互衔接。
原词复现
eg. The two man at the counter read the menu.
From the other end of counter Ben watched them.
1. (2018北京)For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）. ... After spotting a ___18___ on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the ____19____ to return.
18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel
19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman
2.(2018天津卷) Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. ... Six months after suffering our 29 on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second.
29. A. defeat B. decline C. accident D. mistake
3.(2017全国卷I) While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. ... After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club`s meetings.
52.A.exercise B. explore C. express D. explain
4.All of a sudden I started to feel rather ___1___. She wondered why I was looking for this sort of ___2___. I felt even more helpless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experience.
A. encouraged B. dissatisfied C. helpless D. pleased
A. place B. job C. advice D. help
5.(2023.1) Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began climbing. He stopped every few minutes to move the 48 higher up the tree trunk.
48. A. hives B. leaves C. rope D. honey
6.(2023.6) On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.
…
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.
…
She would have struggled with extreme 50 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
44. A. race B. school C. town D. training
50. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness
7. (2022.1浙江）When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy four last year, she started having problems with her 36 , notably dryness and discomfort.
"I was simply 37going through a terrible experience,”Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto. "I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my 38 was affected."
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had 39 problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in 40 ．”Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 41 ,” she said. "But more and more are suffering and lives are being 42 ."
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research 43program at Tel Aviv University in Israel .
36. A. throat B. skin C. lungs D. eyes
38. A. story B. treatment C. life D.relationship
8. (2021.6)The only way40 to pay for the groceries was to take off the 41 she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol (医用酒精) and a bar of soap.
......
My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a stranger 45 came up to her and said, “Here are the things that you put back46 ,” handing her the rubbing alcohol and the 47 .
41. A. weight B. things C. mask D. glasses
47. A. receipt B. soap C. cash D. bottle
9. (2020.1)I was born legally blind. Of all the stories of my early childhood, the one about a 36 is my mother’s favorite........... I took advantage of my brief freedom39 to dash across the lawn (草坪) — and hit a large mapletree! .......Mom expected41 me to start crying, but I just sat there for a minute. .......When that happens, don’t sit in the grass and 54 .
36. A. trip B. race C. tree D. driver
54. A. play B. relax C. dream D. cry
eg. He got many presents from his friends . All the gifts were wrapped in colored paper.
1. My childhood was mostly silent. It was full of love, laughter, anger and sadness like any family, but these things occurred 41 .
41.A. quickly B. constantly C. quietly D. normally
2. The knowledge instilled(灌输) in me was ……
I loved to watch her hands, which were always 43 me things by showing me how, as she watered, weeded and dug her garden.
43.A. serving B. awarding C. sparing D. teaching
同义词、近义词复现
3.That is what a hobby means, I guess. It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for the ______ of it. The value in dollars is not important; we do it for the pleasure it gives us.
A. benefit B. good C. fun D. interest
4.We all know that some things are obviously right. For example, it is right to be kind to other people. It is also right to look after the environment. Some things are ____ wrong, too. For example, we should not hurt or bully(欺负) others.
A. equally B. slightly C. clearly D. increasingly
上下义复现
上义词指的是那些表示意义较概括的词,它们的词义包括了下义词的词义。例如,animal 是 cat，sheep, lion, elephant, dog 等的上义词,cat，sheep, lion, elephant, dog 等词则是animal的下义词。food是bread, noodle, milk, rice的上义词；反之bread, noodle, milk, rice是food的下义词。
1. Other times, he would join student groups to discuss a variety of : agriculture, diving and mathematics.
A. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents
2. When these children become adults, they might be placed in a disadvantaged position in schools, in the job market or in their marriage issue. Sometimes they might feel discriminated（受歧视的） against in _____.
A. workplace B. society C. family D. committee
概括词复现
概括词指的是那些表示一般意义的词。例如,people, man,
woman,thing, place, do, make 等都是概括词。概括词与其所指
的词构成的衔接是通过概括词复现关系。
eg. Can you tell me where to stay in Paris
I've never been to the place.
后一句中的概括词 place和前面的Paris构成相互衔接关系。
同现关系：词汇同现关系指词汇共同出现的倾向性，在语篇中围绕一定的话题， 一定的词往往会同时出现，而其他词就不太可能或根本不出现(黄国文，1988)。词汇的同现包括反义关系、互补关系和词汇链(黄国文，1988)。
Discrimination is undoubtedly practised against women in the field of scientific research. We don't find men complaining that they are not being interviewed for positions that they are clearly qualified to fill.
（互补同现:两句之间的衔接主要是依靠互补词men和women的对照。）
1. Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesn’t ______ your memory; it only tightens it.
A. loosen B. weaken C. decrease D. reduce
2. This book has been designed to help you capitalize on the strength and overcome the ______ that you bring to the job of learning.
A. ideas B. weakness C. strength D. advantage
3.（2017 全国II）I had advised the kids that while verbs（动词）may seem dull, most of the 50 things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.
A. simple B. unique C. fun D. clever
单击此处编辑母版文本样式
第二级
第三级
第四级
第五级
反义同现
A great number of high school graduates continue their education in one of the many colleges or universties in the country. After four years,they receive a bachelor's degree.Some continue studying
for a master's degree and perhaps a doctor's degree.（高中毕业后教育的词汇链）
意义相关联的词汇经常在一个语篇中同时出现（共现），形成词汇链(lexical chain)，我们可以把其中的一些词汇的出现看做是一个signal，对接下来可能出现的词汇做出预测。
主题信息词指表达、反映文本主题,对阅读具有触发、链接、卷入、升华特征的词汇或语块，是文本中最关键的“信息词”。主题信息词在阅读语篇中往往易于捕捉，多出现在标题、文章首尾段，亦或是贯穿整个语篇。同学们在阅读中，应以主题信息词为语义磁场的中心，将其它信息和段落加以梳理、重组和整合，旨在将与相关话题的词汇知识、语法结构等连接成语篇主题网络。（谢宗春）
47. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
49. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
1. (2023.1) He 45 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and lit the bunch to create a torch（火把）.
45. A. gathered B. cleaned C. dropped D. checked
3.(2023.6) Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with aid . She couldn’t. Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get medical attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 49 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.
2. (2023.1) Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d 51 the trunk and was back on the ground.
51. A. cut off B. gone up C. slid down D. held onto
词汇链
4.(2021.1)Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to 36 on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA.
36. A. calculate B. negotiate C. advertise D. research
5.(2020.1)I took advantage of my brief freedom to dash across the lawn (草坪) — and hit a large maple tree! I was running so fast that I bounced off the trunk and 40 on my backside.
A. landed B. slept C. laughed D. wept
利用文章结构、文体类型、篇章模式、中心句、句子间关系、段落间关系和词汇衔接等都必须利用语境理论。
利用语境
2.6
柒
3.My childhood was mostly silent. ………
We often went for hours like this， 49 a word spoken and yet we were talking in various ways the whole time.
49.A. casually B. simply C. barely D. merely
1.(2023.1) Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives（蜂箱）are placed in the 42 .
…
Finally, Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.
42. A. courtyards B. fields C. treetops D. caves
2.(2023.6) In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 41 . They could not afford to pay for 42 for their dog, Tiffy, and desperately wanted to take her with them.
41. A. turn B. budget C. schedule D. connection
42. A. food B. shelter C. medicine D. transportation
4. (2021.6)My mother is 92. Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her 36 and visit the doctor, providing 37 and transportation. During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby store to 38 some small things she needs.
36. A. exercise B. housework C. cooking D. shopping
38. A. return B. collect C. order D. buy
5. (2021.1)But on the last night we were caught50 in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was close to 51 . I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only 52 part of my tent.
51. A. boiling B. average C. normal D. freezing
52. A. tidy B. dry C. new D. soft
利用关联词
2.7
捌
关联词指表达上下文逻辑关系的词语。
语篇标记的分类如下(崔俊媛，2017:119-120):
(1)表示转折关系的信号词：unlike、still、but、yet、however、 nevertheless、whereas、while、on the other hand、instead、on the contrary等。
(2)表示递进关系的信号词：again、also、too、and、and then、besides、on the other hand、in addition、moreover、furthermore等。
(3)表示次序关系的信号词：at first、at present、in the first place、the second place 、to begin with 、to start with 、also 、at last 、now 、then 、next、afterwards、later、presently、meanwhile、meantime等。
(4)表示解释的信号词：that is to say、namely、for example、to illustrate等。
(5)表示结果的信号词：therefore、hence、thus、so、if so、and、and then、as a result、as a consequence、accordingly、consequently,in consequence等。
语篇标记的分类如下(崔俊媛，2017:119-120):
(6)表示原因的信号词：because、because of、due to、thanks to、in virtue of、owing to 、the key/main/chief/most important/reason is that、the reason for this 、lies in 、as a result of、in consequence of、on the ground of等。
(7)表示对照的信号词：in contrast、conversely、on the contrary、in spite of等。
(8)表示等同的信号词：similarly、likewise、in the same way、in other words、that is equally等。
(9)表示强调的信号词：in reality、in fact、as a matter of fact、sure enough 、to be sure 、actually 、above all 、in particular 、most importantly、 most important of all等。
(10)表示替换的信号词：again、alternatively、or、rather、or at least等。
语篇标记的分类如下(崔俊媛，2017:119-120):
(11)表示转题的信号词：now、incidentally、by the way、to change the subject等。
(12)表示推论的信号词：else、otherwise、then、in that case等。
(13)表示总结的信号词：in a word、in short、in brief、in summary、in conclusion 、to draw a conclusion 、on the whole 、altogether 、overall 、(all) in all等。
(14)表示引出观点的信号词：in my opinion、to my mind、
I think/believe/hold/suppose that 、it is my belief that 、 generally speaking 等。
1.（2019.6）Berlin has been the 48 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.
48. A. easiest B. nearest C. biggest D. richest
2. (2020.7)I ran desperately but failed to _45_. It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The _last46__ thing I saw was Don’s face, looking calmly back at me.
45. A. take off B. catch up C. hold back D. get out
转折关系
Why
章节副标题
玖
。
3.1
在正确理解语篇主旨大意的基础上，
关注具体语境中不同词语、句子与整个篇章结构之间的联系，
考查考生对英语词法、句法以及语篇知识的掌握运用。
（教育部教育考试院：2023年高考英语全国卷试题评析）
3.2
语篇构成了语言交际过程中的基本单位，同时也是传达意义的重要载体。在进行完形填空时，考生需要通读全文，把握文章的核心思想，并结合上下文情境，综合运用所学的词汇和语法知识，以合理地填补空白。语篇知识在这一过程中扮演着至关重要的角色，它不仅帮助考生理解文章的结构和语境的连贯性，而且还能促进更精确的判断。
1. 通过本节课的学习，您对完形填空题型有了哪些新的认识？（多选）
A我更清楚地认识到完形填空考察的是语篇理解和逻辑推断能力。（178）
B 我学会了运用句子之间的过渡成分来理顺文章的逻辑关系。（178）
C 我掌握了文章体裁的识别方法，能根据不同体裁的特点来解题。（150）
D 我学会了揣测作者的写作态度、语气和目的，从而更准确地理解文章。（162）
E 我对词汇衔接在完形填空中的应用有了全新认识。（158）
F 我学会了利用上下文的语境来解题。（169）
调查问卷结果
2. 您觉得本节课中哪些内容对您最有帮助？（多选）
A语篇连贯性的讲解（151）
B 代词指代关系的分析（102）
C 文章体裁的识别与应对策略（117）
D 作者意图的揣测方法（126）
E 词汇衔接在完形填空中的应用（156）
F 其他（请具体说明）：__________（0）
3. 您在课后是否尝试运用所学语篇知识来解决完形填空题目？（单选）
A 是，我尝试了很多次，感觉效果很好。（166）
B 是，但我尝试的次数不多，效果一般。（21）
C 否，我还没有尝试过。（20）
4. 在解决完形填空题目时，您是否更加关注词汇之间的衔接关系？（单选）
A是，我特别注意词汇之间的衔接，这对我理解文章有很大帮助。（158）
B 有时会注意，但不一定每次都能准确识别。（47）
C 否，我通常不关注词汇衔接。（5）
5.您认为词汇衔接在完形填空解题中起到了什么作用？（多选）
A帮助我更好地理解文章的整体结构和逻辑。（177）
B 使我更容易找到代词的指代对象。（50）
C 提高了我的解题速度和准确率。（164）
D 其他（请具体说明）：__________（0）
6. 在运用语篇知识解决完形填空题目的过程中，您遇到了哪些困难？（多选）
A生僻词汇太多，影响理解。（77）
B 词汇衔接关系复杂，难以快速识别。（41）
C 文章太长，难以快速抓住主旨。（37）
D 句子之间的逻辑关系复杂，难以梳理。 (54)
E 其他（请具体说明）：__________(0)
7. 您希望老师在后续的教学中如何进一步帮助您提高完形填空的解题能力？（多选）
A 提供更多典型的完形填空题目进行练习。(68)
B 深入讲解完形填空解题的技巧和方法，特别是词汇衔接的应用。(109)
C 针对学生在解题中常见的错误进行剖析和纠正。(82)
D 组织小组讨论，分享彼此的解题经验和心得。 (33)
E 其他（请具体说明）：__________(0)
8.您对本次课程还有哪些其他建议或想说的话？
8.您对本次课程还有哪些其他建议或想说的话？
3.3
提升解题的准确性：掌握语篇知识能够帮助学生从宏观角度理解文章，准确把握句子间的逻辑关系以及全文的语境，从而提高完形填空题目的解答准确性。
培养语言运用能力：完形填空不仅测试学生对词义的辨析、词汇的具体用法和搭配、语法知识的掌握，还考察学生的语境整合能力。通过运用语篇知识，学生能够更好地理解和运用语言，进而提升语言运用能力。
提升英语综合能力：语篇教学鼓励学生阅读完整文章，通过上下文中的其他信息来猜测和理解句子，明确句子、段落间的联系以及文章的主旨。这有助于学生培养语篇意识，从宏观角度理解文章内容，从而提升英语的综合运用能力。
语篇知识应用于完形填空的教学策略
了解语篇背景：在教授完形填空时，教师应首先引导学生了解文章的背景信息，包括文化、历史、社会等方面，以帮助学生更好地理解文章内容。
分析语篇结构：教师应指导学生分析文章的篇章结构，如中心句、支持句、结论句等，以及段落之间的逻辑关系，从而帮助学生把握文章的整体框架。
培养词汇衔接能力：词汇衔接是语篇连贯的关键手段。教师应通过例句、练习等方式，帮助学生掌握词汇衔接的技巧，例如词汇复现和词汇同现。语篇知识不仅适用于完形填空，还可以拓展到其他语言学习领域，如阅读理解、写作等帮助学生更全面地掌握语言技能。
培养语篇意识和文化意识：教师平时有意识地培养学生的语篇意识，同时在运用语篇知识解决完形填空的过程中，学生可以接触到不同国家和地区的文化背景和风俗习惯，从而培养他们的跨文化意识。
THANK YOU !