2026届高考英语二轮复习：特殊句式 课件(共49张PPT)

(共49张PPT)
一轮复习之特殊句式
目录
01
02
03
04
特殊句式概述
祈使句
感叹句
强调句型
05
06
There be句型
倒装句
01
特殊句式概述
定义与分类
定义
特殊句式是指通过改变常规语序、添加特定成分或采用特殊结构来表达强调、对比、条件等语义功能的句子形式。
分类
主要包括倒装句、感叹句、强调句、there be句型和祈使句等类型。
02
倒装句
倒装句
就是将常规语序颠倒过来，变成谓语（的一部分)+主语
概念
分为两种:
完全倒装和部分倒装
分类
整个谓语+主语(n.)+其它
结构
1. 方位副词开头：当表示方位、方向的副词（如 here, there, out, in, up, down, away, off）置于句首时，常用完全倒装，以生动地描述情景。
应用场景
01
02
完全倒装
注意: 若主语是代词，则不倒装
The bus comes here. →
The bell goes there. →
完全倒装
Here comes the bus.
There goes the bell.
The bird flew away. →
The rain fell down. →
Practice
Away flew the bird.
Down fell the rain.
2. 地点介词短语开头：当表示地点的介词短语（如 on the wall, in the room, at the foot of the hill）放在句首，且主语是名词时，为了强调地点或保持句子平衡，常用完全倒装。
应用场景
02
完全倒装
A beautiful painting hangs on the wall.
A tall tree stood in front of the house.
完全倒装
On the wall hangs a beautiful painting.
In front of the house stood a tall tree.
A frightening sound came from the valley.
An artist lived in ancient China.
Practice
From the valley came a frightening sound.
In ancient China lived an artist.
将原句子谓语动词的一部分（be, do / does / did, have / has / had, 情态动词)提到主语前
定义
01
部分倒装
a. ... be+主语+其它
b. ...do / does / did +主语+谓语动词原形+其它
c. ...have / has / had +主语+done+其它
d. ...情态动词+主语+谓语动词原形+其它
结构
02
部分倒装
基本句型结构:
a. 主语+谓语(be)+其它
b. 主语+谓语(实意动词)+其它
c. 主语+谓语(have / has / had done) +其它
d. 主语+谓语(情态动词+do)+其它
1. 否定词或半否定词置于句首：表示否定或基本否定的词放在句首时，句子需要部分倒装。
应用场景
02
部分倒装
never, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, barely,
little, few, not, no
I have never seen such a beautiful place.
He seldom goes to the cinema.
部分倒装
Never have I seen such a beautiful place.
Seldom does he go to the cinema.
I could hardly believe my eyes.
Practice
Hardly could I believe my eyes.
2. Only + 状语”置于句首：当“only”修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句并放在句首时，主句要部分倒装。
应用场景
02
部分倒装
I realized the importance of English only then.
You can solve the problem on in this way.
部分倒装
Only then did I realize the importance of English.
Only in this way can you solve the problem.
I understood the truth only when he told me.
Practice
Only when he told me did I understand the truth.
3. So/Such...that... 结构中的 So 或 Such 位于句首：为了强调，将“so/such”部分提前，主句需部分倒装。
应用场景
02
部分倒装
He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.
部分倒装
So fast did he run that I couldn't catch up with him.
She is such a kind person that everyone likes her.
Practice
Such a kind person is she that everyone likes her.
4. 虚拟条件句的省略倒装：在虚拟条件句中，如果含有 were, had, should，可以省略if，并将这三个词提至句首，构成部分倒装。
应用场景
02
部分倒装
If I were you, I would take the job.
部分倒装
Were I you, I would take the job.
If you had arrived earlier, you would have met him.
Practice
Had you arrived earlier, you would have met him.
5. 表示“也”、“也不”的句型：
So + 助动词/be动词/情态动词 + 主语：表示“也”（肯定）
He is a student. So am I.
Neither/Nor + 助动词/be动词/情态动词 + 主语：
表示“也不”（否定）。
He didn’t go to the party. Nor did I.
应用场景
02
部分倒装
03
感叹句
感叹句
用来表达强烈的情感，
如惊讶、喜悦、愤怒、赞叹、失望等，使语言更生动、富有感染力。
概念
分为两种:
what引导的感叹句和how引导的感叹句
分类
1. What + a / an + n.(可数名词单数) + (主语+ 谓语)
2. What + a / an + adj. + n. (单数名词) + (主语+ 谓语)
3. What +(adj. )+ n. (不可数) + (主语+ 谓语)
4. What + (adj.) + n. (可数名词复数) + (主语+ 谓语)
结构
01
What 引导的感叹句
记忆口诀：What 后面跟名词，
复数不可数不加 “a”
单数可别忘掉 “a/an”
What a nice day (it is)!
What an interesting book (this is)!
What beautiful flowers (they are)!
What bad weather (it is)!
What delicious food (she cooked)!
感叹句
1. How + adj. / adv. + (主语+谓语)
2. How + 主语+ 谓语.
结构
01
How 引导的感叹句
强调整个动作
强调形容词和副词
How cold (it is) today!
How quickly (he runs)!
How time flies!
How I miss you!
感叹句
1. _______ difficult homework we had yesterday!
2. _______ a cute dog it is.
3. _______ interesting the story is.
4. _______ bad the weather in England is!
5. _______ a honest boy he is!
6. _______ a tasty smell the cake gave off.
7. _______ a good time we had on the beach yesterday!
8. _______ scary these tigers are!
Practice
感叹句
How
What
What
What
How
How
What
What
04
强调句型
强调句型
通过改变句子正常语序来突出强调句中某一特定部分（如主语、宾语、状语等)。
概念
1. 基本结构
2. 一般疑问句
3. 特殊疑问句 被强调部分是疑问词。
4.否定句
结构
01
强调句型
It is / was +被强调部分+that / who+...
Is / was it+被强调部分+that / who+...
特殊疑问词(被强调部分)+is / was +that / who+...
It is / was not +被强调部分+that / who...
1. It is/was：固定的开头，时态由原句的时态决定。
2. 被强调部分：这被强调部分放在这里
3. that/who：连接词。若被强调的部分是人，用 who 或 that；若被强调的是物，则只能用 that。
4. 句子其余部分：原句剩下的部分，通常按原句语序排列。
四部分结构
02
强调句型
主语、宾语或状语等
原句：Alice bought a book in the store yesterday.
1.强调主语
2.强调宾语
3.强调地点状语
4.强调时间状语
强调句型
It was Alice who / that bought a book in the store yesterday.
It was a book that Alice bought in the store yesterday.
It was in the store that Alice bought a book yesterday.
It was yesterday that Alice bought a book in the store.
特点
03
强调句型
将 It is/was...that/who... 框架去掉后，剩下的部分必须能组合成一个完整的、意思正确的句子。
如: It was Alice who / that bought a book in the store yesterday.
检验强调主语的句子：去掉框架后是 Alice bought a book in the store yesterday.这是一个完整的原句，证明强调句正确。
与not until相结合
04
强调句型
结构: It is/was+not until...(被强调部分)+...that/who...
如:
原句:He didn’t come back until after midnight.
与强调句相结合:
It was not until after midnight that he came back.
05
there be句型
“There + be动词 + n.(存在主体) + 方位/时间状语”的倒装形式
结构
01
there be句型
某地有......
注意
be动词的单复数需与后续主语严格一致
如 “There is a book”与”There are books”体现单复数差异。
主语
存在多种时态变形，包括
一般现在时（There is/are）
一般过去时（There was/were）
一般将来时（There will be）
完成时（There has/have /had been）
时态变化规则
02
there be句型
由there引起的句式，若主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致
There ____ (be) three books and a pen on the desk.
There _____ (be) a pen and three books on the desk.
主谓一致
03
there be句型
is
are
1. 可与情态动词组合表达可能性
There might be a delay.
There should be more options.
通过情态词增强语义层次
扩展应用
04
there be句型
2. 适用于抽象概念存在性描述
There is no doubt about it.
There remains a question.
扩展应用
04
there be句型
06
祈使句
用于下达命令、提出请求、给予指示、表示劝告或建议的句子。
概念
01
祈使句
02
特征
1. 主语省略： 默认的主语是第二人称 you，通常不出现。
2. 动词原形开头： 句子的谓语动词一律使用动词原形
肯定式： 动词原形 + 其他成分
Open the door.
否定式： Don’t/Never + 动词原形 + 其他成分
Don’t be late.
Never give up.
基本结构
03
祈使句
1. No + V-ing...
No smoking!（禁止吸烟！）
No parking here!（此处禁止停车！）
特殊结构
04
祈使句
表示禁止的强势祈使句
这种结构常见于标语、公告牌，语气非常强硬，
表示“严禁……”。
2. Let sb./ sth. do ...
Let’s go for a walk
Don’t let him go alone.
特殊结构
04
祈使句
用于提出建议
否定形式：Let’s not + 动词原形 或 Don’t let’s + 动词原形
祈使句+并列连词（and/or）+简单句 = 条件句
1. 祈使句 + and + 简单句” 表示“如果……，就……”。
Work hard, and you will pass the exam.
Think it over, and you will find a way.
常考点
05
祈使句
积极结果
= If you work hard, you will pass the exam.
= If you think it over, you will find a way.
2.“祈使句 + or/or else/otherwise + 简单句” 表示“否则……，要不……”
Hurry up, or you will be late.
Don’t tell anyone, or else there will be trouble.
常考点
05
祈使句
= If you don’t hurry up, you will be late.
= If you tell anyone, there will be trouble.
消极结果
THANKS
感谢观看