2026届高考英语二轮复习：语法填空专题复习 课件(共93张PPT)

(共93张PPT)
高考复习之语法填空专题分析
语篇·语法·词汇三重突破
译林版（2020）高中英语高三年级一轮复习
------普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）P23
普通高中英语课程语法知识内容要求
英语语法知识包括词法知识和句法知识：词法关注词的形态变化，如名词的数、格，动词的时、态（体）等；句法关注句子结构，如句子的成分、语序、种类等。词法和句法之间的关系非常紧密。在语言使用中，语法知识是“形式—意义—使用”的统一体，与语音、词汇、语篇和语用知识紧密相连，直接影响语言理解和表达的准确性和得体性。
高中阶段英语语法知识的学习是义务教育阶段语法学习的延伸和继续，应在更加丰富的语境中通过各种英语学习和实践活动进一步巩固和恰当运用义务教育阶段所学的语法知识，学会在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识，进一步发展英语语法意识。
一、近三年高考真题考点分布
二、命题特点
选裁：说明文和记叙文
考查形式：有提示词(6-7空)和无提示词(3-4空)
考查内容：
（1）有提示词：①动词考查谓语动词的时态、语态、主谓一致和非谓语动词用法；
②名词考查单数变复数用法为主，兼顾名词所有格。
③形容词考查形容词变副词、变名词、变比较级或最高级甚至变反义
词用法。
④代词主要考查代词变形容词性物主代词、反身代词用法。
⑤各词性间的相互转化
（2）无提示词：要求考生根据文意、上下文连贯性和行文逻辑，填入一个恰当的词。 主要考查冠词、介词、关系词和连词等。
三、解题策略
03
Step 3 结合语法，确定答案
02
Step 2 分析空格，定位考点
01
Step 1 通读全文，把握主旨
04
Step 4 代入检查，逻辑验证
考点分析：1. 当提示词是动词时：
(一)提示词为“动词”的题——“分析+辨别+推敲”
确定作谓语
考点一
提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所填词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。
若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
(1)根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态；
(2)根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态；
(3)根据人称和数，确保主谓一致。
考向1 考查有明确时间状语的动词时态
考点一
提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
have started
考查现在完成时
根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
考向2 考查固定句型中的时态
考点一
提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
(2025·陕西省高三月考)Lily is missing her parents since it is the first time that she ______________ (be) away from home for such a long time.
has been
考查固定句型
it/this is the first/second...time that+从句，表示“第一/二……次做某事”，主句用is，从句用现在完成时，从句主语是she，助动词应用has，故填has been。
考向3 考查利用平行关系解决时态问题
考点一
提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _______(throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
threw
考查时态
分析句子结构可知，该题考查谓语动词的时态。再结合空后的平行关系词and可知，需要填的动词时态与started要保持一致，用一般过去时。
考向4 考查利用语境解决时态问题
考点一
提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
walks
考查时态和主谓一致
walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
考向5 考查动词语态
考点一
提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
(2025·全国一卷)“The players’ personalities 60 (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
are revealed
考查语态
本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。
考向6 考查主谓一致
考点一
提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
(2025·全国二卷)And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 61 (be) one of them.
is
考查时态和主谓一致
句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes中心词the “sunshine scent”为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。
提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
考点二
1.找句子主干：认真阅读挖空的句子，找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语)，从而正确理解句意。
2.确定谓语动词和非谓语动词：分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
3.确定填哪种非谓语动词形式：
①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：表目的，用to do; 表出乎意料的结果，用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果，用doing。
②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系：表动作还未发生，用to be done; 表动作已经发生，用done。
确定作非谓语
考向1 考查非谓语动词作状语
考向1 考查非谓语动词作状语
(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
to give
考查非谓语动词作目的状语
分析结构可知，本句已有谓语opens，空格应是非谓语动词，根据语境空格需填动词不定式to give作目的状语。故填to give。
提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
考点二
确定作非谓语
解题指导
(1)如果名词中心词是该动作的发出者，通常用现在分词(短语)作定语。
(2)如果名词中心词是该动作的承受者，通常用过去分词(短语)作定语。
(3)如果表示未发生的动作，且名词中心词是该动作的承受者，通常用动词不定式作定语。
提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
考点二
考向2 考查非谓语动词作定语
考向2 考查非谓语动词作定语
提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
考点二
不定式作定语
①常接不定式作定语的词有：chance，opportunity，ability，decision，right（权利），不定代词等。
1)The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
2)Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference.
②不定式作定语，修饰序数词等She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today.
考向2 考查非谓语动词作定语
提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
考点二
过去分词作定语
1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时，通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外)，是一个短语作定语时，就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时，被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。
2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动:
a fallen tree/leaf:倒下的树/落叶 the risen sun/moon:升起了的太阳/月亮
a faded rose:凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人
an escaped prisoner:逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生
考向2 考查非谓语动词作定语
(2025年1月·浙江卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women 60 (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.
to rent
考查非谓语动词
“for women ________ (rent)”作后置定语，修饰名词词组fashion clothes，意为“女性租赁的衣服”，用不定式to rent作后置定语，主动表被动。故填to rent。
提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
考点二
1．寻找线索
动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可充当宾语补足语。
(1)不定式作宾补：allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, persuade, tell等＋sb to do sth。
(2)have sb/sth doing “让某人/某物一直做”； have sb/sth done “使某人/某物被……”。
(3)with复合结构
①with＋宾语＋to do，表示动作还未发生；
②with＋宾语＋doing，表示主动、动作正在进行；
③with＋宾语＋done，表示被动、动作已完成。
提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
考点二
考向3 考查非谓语动词作宾补
2．解题指导
(1)动词不定式作宾语补足语，通常表示一个宾语发出的动作。在一些结构中必须用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
(2)现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语是动作的发出者，表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作。
(3)过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语是动作的承受者，表示一个完成的、被动的动作。
提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
考点二
考向3 考查非谓语动词作宾补
考向3 考查非谓语动词作宾补
提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
考点二
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 　　 　 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
考查非谓语动词
根据固定搭配allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”,空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,空处需填动词不定式的被动形式to be lifted。
to be lifted
动词不定式在平时模拟考试中，考查的频度较大，导致很多学生产生思维定势，见到不定式的题就用一般式to do的形式，这是平时训练的缺陷。临近高考前要进一步强化，做到查漏补缺。
动词不定式和动名词都可以充当宾语。牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构：
(1)介词(如by, for, of, with, without, after等)之后加动名词作宾语，注意to的身份识别。
(2)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语：advise, admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be accustomed to, be devoted to, lead to, object to等。
(3)在下列动词之后，常接不定式作宾语：decide, demand, offer, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。
it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/consider/feel/make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是…We find it necessary to master German and French.
提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
考点二
考向4 考查非谓语动词作宾语
考向4 考查非谓语动词作宾语
提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
考点二
(2025年1月·浙江卷)“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean 65 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
考查非谓语动词
根据句意，表示“意味着……”，用固定搭配mean doing sth.，意为“意味着做某事”，用动名词作宾语。故填returning。
returning
主语是谓语陈述的对象，通常位于句首。动名词(doing)和动词不定式(to do)都可以充当主语。
(1)句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定应用doing还是to do作主语。
(2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing，表具体某一次的动作用to do。
(3)掌握用动名词或不定式作主语的句型：
①It's ＋adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(＋for/of sb)＋to do sth
②It's no use/no good/no fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth
③It takes sb＋some time/money＋to do sth
提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
考点二
考向5 考查非谓语动词作主语
考向5 考查非谓语动词作主语
提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
考点二
(2021·英语全国甲卷)It is possible ___________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
考查动词不定式
分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
to walk
非谓语动词作表语包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式三种。空格通常在系动词 be, become, get, seem, appear, look, turn等之后，描述主语的特点或状态。
(1)主语是表示人的名词或代词，通常用过去分词作表语，表示主语的心情和感受。
(2)主语是表示事物的名词或代词，通常用现在分词作表语，表示事物的特点。
(3)动词不定式作表语通常表示未发生的动作。
提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
考点二
考向6 考查非谓语动词作表语
提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
考点二
(2024·九省联考卷)I He knows that computers are here 64 (stay) and that they will not disappear. However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of themselves.
考查动词不定式
句意：他知道电脑会一直存在，不会消失。根据空前的动词are可知，空格处应填不定式作表语，be to do为固定搭配，表示“必定会”，是对未来的一种推测。故填to stay。
to stay
考向6 考查非谓语动词作表语
提示词是动词—考查词的派生
考点三
(2025·八省联考卷) As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through 65 (innovate), and its inclusiveness.
考查动词变名词
句意：随着越来越多的外国人开始学习中文和体验中国文化，世界将更好地了解中国及其丰富的历史、勤劳的人民、通过创新实现的发展以及包容性。此处作介词through的宾语，应用名词innovation“创新”。故填innovation。
innovation
练一练
1.(2025·全国二卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance_____________(discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
2.(2024·新课标II卷)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ______ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.”
3.(2024·新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, _____________ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
4.(2023·新高考I卷)Shanghai may be the _____________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace.
to discover
was built
were
recognized
练一练
5.(2023·新高考I卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ___________ (want) more next time.
6.(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
7.(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ___________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
8.(2023·全国乙卷) _______________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I_______________(amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
wanting
be employed
to teach
Having visited
was amazed
考点分析：2. 当提示词是名词时：
(二)提示词为“名词”题——“分析+变形+转换”
①名词数(复数)与格(所有格)的变形；②词性的转换(转换成动词或形容词)。
提示词是名词—考查名词的单复数
考点一
(2024·新课标II卷) Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 57 (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
考查名词的数
句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
themes
提示词是名词—考查名词的所有格
考点二
(2025·浙江一月卷) “I really want to make this work for 64 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
考查名词的所有格
句意：我真的希望能让这个（服装租赁模式）顺应如今人们的生活（方式）。根据句意可知，lives与people之间是所属关系，故应用名词所有格。
people’s
提示词是名词—考查词的派生
考点三
(2023·新课标II卷)Since June 2017, right before the arrival (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 57 (confidence) speaking English.
考查形容词
分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。
confident
练一练
1.(2023·新高考II卷) They also need to be ready to give __________(interview)in English with international journalists.
2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)“He saved my ________(son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.
3.(2018·全国I卷)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ____________(strength) your leg muscles.
4. (2022·全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more_____________(meaning).
interviews
strengthen
meaningful
son’s
考点分析：3. 当提示词是代词时：
(二)提示词为“名词”题——“分析+变形+转换”
①人称代词格(主格、宾格、所有格<形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词>)的变形； ②词形的转换(转换成<不改变词性只通过变形改变词义的>反身代词)。
提示词是代词—考查人称代词
考点一
(2018·全国卷III)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ___________(they) alive.
考查人称代词
句意：当我和大猩猩们吓到彼此时，我只是很高兴发现它们还活着。观察结构为find+宾语+宾语补足语，空格处缺少宾语。故填them。
them
提示词是代词—考查物主代词
考点二
(2023·新高考I卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of _________(they)contents.
考查形容词性物主代词
句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
their
提示词是代词—考查反身代词
考点三
(2025·全国二卷) Over time, I’ve found 60 (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times.
考查反身代词
句意：随着时间的推移，我发现自己在这里有了宾至如归的感觉。本空指代主语I，表示“我自己”，应用反身代词myself。故填myself。
myself
练一练
1.(2024·九省联考卷)However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of __________ (they).
2.(2021·新高考I卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in __________ (I).
3.(2021·浙江6月卷)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of _________(she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
4.(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourism has_____ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
herself
themselves
mine
its
考点分析：4. 当提示词是形容词/副词时：
(二)提示词为“名词”题——“分析+变形+转换”
①比较等级的变形(比较级、最高级的构成形式)；
②词性/形的转换(形容词与副词的相互转换，形容词转换成名词，有些形容词/副词要转换成<不改变词性只通过变形改变词义的>反义词)。
提示词是形容词/副词—考查比较级/最高级
考点一
(2021·全国甲卷) After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 65 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
考查比较级
句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
better
提示词是形容词/副词—考查词的派生
考点二
(2025·全国二卷) The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 63 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air.
考查词性转换
句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。
absence
练一练
1.(2022·全国乙卷)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the __________(large) tea-producing country, China has a _______________(responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
2.(2017·江苏卷)The birth rate in the 21st century may be much ______(low) than it was in the 20th.
3.(2021·四川模拟题)Nothing would make me happier than to give teddy bears to all the children here, but _____________(fortunate), that cannot be done.
largest
responsibility
lower
unfortunately
考点分析：5. 当提示词是数词时：
(二)提示词为“数词”题——“分析+变形+转换”
①数词在表示“概数”概念时数的变形(用复数形式)；
②词形的转换(转换成<不改变词性只通过变形改变词义的>序数词)。
提示词是数词—考查复数形式
考点一
(2024·浙江1月卷) Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 65 (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
考查数词
句意：谁知道呢，也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸，并提供特别优惠。代词one意为“一个人”，在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。
ones
提示词是数词—考查序数词
考点二
(2021·新高考II卷)I've always loved the ocean. In the 56 (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
考查序数词
句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词，所以填seventh。
seventh
Strategies
有提示词题的解题
(一)提示词为“动词”的题——“分析+辨别+推敲”
(二)提示词为“形容词/副词/名词/代词/数词”题——“分析+变形+转换”
解题技巧要熟练
考点分析：无提示词
考点一
考查定语从句中的关系词
1．确定是定语从句
设空处跟在名词后面，且空后的句子对这个名词进行修饰限定，即表示这个名词的性质、特点等，则为定语从句。当确定为定语从句后，首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点，还是其他，然后再根据先行词在句子中所作的成分去判断用何关系词。
2．掌握三步法解题技巧
(1)分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。
①先行词的后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句。
②that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
③which引导非限制性定语从句，可代表主句全部或部分内容；代表整个主句时，which意为“这一点”。
考点一
考查定语从句中的关系词
④as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be known, be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。
(2)寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间，地点，还是原因)。
①先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose；
②先行词指物：that/which/whose；
③表示时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。
(3)判断定语从句所缺成分，确定关系词。
①缺少主语：that/which/who； ②缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom；
③缺少定语：whose； ④缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。
考点一
考查定语从句中的关系词
1．that与which的区别
(1)只用which不用that的情况：
①当关系代词前面有介词或介词短语时； ②引导非限制性定语从句时。
(2)只用that不用which的情况：
①当先行词是all、everything、nothing、something、few、little、much等不定代词时；
②当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the very、the only、any、the last等修饰时；
③先行词既有人又有物时。
(2025·全国一卷)TAn exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 56 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
which
考查关系代词
句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
考点一
考查定语从句中的关系词
考向1 考查定语从句中的关系代词
(2025·全国二卷)I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 56 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist.
where
考查关系副词
本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
考点一
考查定语从句中的关系词
考向2 考查定语从句中的关系副词
(2021·天津卷3月改编)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from ________ we can learn without repeating them.
which
考查关系词
句意：William Hastie曾提出，历史告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中吸取教训，以免重蹈覆辙。分析句子结构可知，该句为介词提前的定语从句。故填which指代先行词past mistakes。
考点一
考查定语从句中的关系词
考向3 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 63 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”
as
考查定语从句
句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
考点一
考查定语从句中的关系词
考向4 考查as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
练一练
1.(2022·新课标I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species__________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
2.(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
3.(2021·新课标II卷)I decided that if I learned of a company__________used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
4.(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, _________all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
5.(2020·全国III卷)In ancient China lived an artist, _________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud.
that
that/which
who
where
whose
(2024·全国甲卷)How did the national park system come about On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 43 is now northwestern Wyoming.
what
考查宾语从句
句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。
考点二
考查名词性从句中的连接词
考向1 宾语从句
(2024年1月浙江高考真题)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s 59 they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
what
考查表语从句
句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
考点一
考查从句中的关系词
考向2 表语从句
考点二
考查名词性从句中的连接词
(2021新课标I卷)_________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
What
考查主语从句
句意为：这段经历让人叹为观止的是那些超凡脱俗的场景。引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,表示"……的东西",故填What.
考点一
考查从句中的关系词
考向3 主语从句
考点二
考查名词性从句中的连接词
(2019全国I卷)While they are rare north of 88°C, there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
that
考查同位语从句
句意为“北极熊在北极圈以及最南端纽芬兰的一些大陆上被找到。虽然它们很少在北纬88度出没，但是有证据显示它们横越北极圈，并且到最南端加拿大的詹姆士湾。”that 引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的内容。
考点一
考查从句中的关系词
考向4 同位语从句
考点二
考查名词性从句中的连接词
练一练
1.(2023·新课标II卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is _________they need an English trainer.
2.(2022·新课标II卷)He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know________ to thank him.”
3.(2024·全国甲卷)On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ________ is now northwestern Wyoming.
4.(2022·浙江1月卷)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______________ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
5.(2020·浙江6月卷)Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
why
what
how
whether/if
what
考点一
考查从句中的关系词
1．时间状语从句
1．when引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。
2．as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner...than..., hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……)，这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
考点三
考查状语从句中的连词
考点一
考查从句中的关系词
1．时间状语从句
3．before
(1)表示“还未……就……；不到……就……；还没来得及……就……”。
(2)It will be＋一段时间＋before...多久之后才……。
It is＋一段时间＋since... 自从……多久了。
John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.
约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。
考点三
考查状语从句中的连词
考点一
考查从句中的关系词
2．条件状语从句
1．通常由if, unless, as(so)long as, in case(that), once等连词引导。
Unless children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.
除非孩子们相信他们能够成功，否则他们将永远无法完全独立。
2．由on condition(that); provided(that); providing (that); supposing(that)等引导的条件状语从句。
You can go swimming on condition that you don't go too far from the river bank.
只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。
考点三
考查状语从句中的连词
考点一
考查从句中的关系词
3．让步状语从句
1．让步状语从句可由although, though, as, while, even if(though), whenever, whether... or..., no matter who(when, what...)等引导。
2．while作“尽管”讲，引导让步状语从句时，往往放在句首。
While the Internet is of great help, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time on it.
尽管因特网对我们有很大的帮助，但我认为花太多的时间上网也不是一个好主意。
考点三
考查状语从句中的连词
考点一
考查从句中的关系词
4．原因状语从句与方式状语从句
1．方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as“像……一样”，as if (though)“似乎，好像”等引导。
He acted as if nothing had happened. 他表现得好像什么也没发生。
2．原因状语从句通常由because, since, as, now that, seeing(that), considering that等引导。
Considering that I have told you three times, you must know it.
鉴于我已经告诉你三次，你必须知道它。
考点三
考查状语从句中的连词
考点一
考查从句中的关系词
5．地点状语从句
1．通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。
2．地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。
Where(ver) there's plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.
哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。
3．where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别
where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。
考点三
考查状语从句中的连词
考点一
考查从句中的关系词
6．目的状语从句
(1)in order that与so that。
两个连词都意为“以便……；为了……”，引导的状语从句中需用情态动词，in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。
(2)for fear that, in case与lest。
这三个从属连词引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用(should＋)动词原形，它本身带有否定意义，相当于so that... not...或in order that... not...。
考点三
考查状语从句中的连词
考点一
考查从句中的关系词
7．结果状语从句
(1)引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that, so...that..., such...that...。在非正式语体中，由so...that...和such...that...引导的句子中that可以省略，注意其结构形式：
(2)当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。
考点三
考查状语从句中的连词
练一练
1.(2020·全国III卷)Filled with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left.__________he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
2.(2019·全国III卷)On our way to the house, it was raining ________ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
When/As
so
考点四
1．确定填并列连词
2．两个技巧要熟用
技巧1：关系分析法 分析空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。
(1)表示并列或递进关系的有and、both ...and ...、not only ...but (also) ...、neither ...nor ...等。
(2)表示选择关系的有or、either ...or ...、not ...but ...等。
(3)表示转折或对比关系的有but、while等。
(4)表示因果关系的有so、for等。
并列句及并列连词
考点二
技巧2：句型法
(1)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，如表示顺承用and，表示转折用or。
(2)when作并列连词的常用句型：
Sb be doing sth when ...
Sb be about to do sth when ...
Sb had (just) done sth when ...
Hardly ...when ...
并列句及并列连词
考点四
并列句及并列连词
练一练
1.(2023·新课标I卷)FTo eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), _____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
2.(2025·浙江1月卷) “Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead on the fact that they have something unique to wear _____ are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.”
or
and
考点四
考向1 强调结构
1．强调句型
(1)强调句型的基本结构为：It is/w＋被强调的部分＋tt/who＋句子其他部分。
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？
(4)not...until句型的强调句型结构为：It is/was not until...＋that＋句子其他部分。
2．强调谓语动词。
用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。
特殊句式
考点四
考向2 倒装句
1．将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首引起的部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, no sooner...than..., not only...but also..., not until, nowhere, neither...nor...等。
2．only＋状语置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。
3．作状语的介词短语放于句首时引起的句子要全部倒装。有时为了强调将作状语的介词短语放在句首，而将主语放到句末；或者当句子中主语较长时，为了使句子平衡，常把作状语的介词短语置于句首。
特殊句式
考点四
考向2 倒装句
4．so/such...that...结构中的so，such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。
5．表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。
6．as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构。即as引导的让步状语从句中必须将表语、状语(形容词、副词、分词)或实义动词提前，构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词＋as＋主语＋谓语的其他部分”的形式。
特殊句式
练一练
1.(2021·浙江6月卷) Although Mary loved flowers, ________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year.
2.(2021·全国乙卷) It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ________ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
3.(2019·全国II卷) Irene said, “I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years. I work not because I have to, ________ because I want to.”
neither
until
but
考点五
考向1 不定冠词表示泛指
1.根据语境判断不定冠词表示泛指：（常考点）
(1)不定冠词与单数名词连用，泛指一类事物或一类事物中的一个。
(2)用于某人或某物的名字前，指与其具有相同特性的人或物。
(3)在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
(4)a用在辅音开头的单词前，an用在以元音开头单词前【不见元音不加an，不看字母看发音】
(5)用于表示价格、速度、比率、时间、重量、长度等的单位名词前，表示“每一”，相当于every，each或per。
(6)表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前有形容词修饰时，加a或an。
2. 不定冠词a/an分析句子结构，发现空后有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑用不定冠词a/an。
考查冠词的用法
(2024九省联考卷)Today, a writer simply throws an empty pen away and gets 61 new one.
a
考查不定冠词
句意：今天，一个作家只是把一支空笔扔掉，再买一支新的。空格后的代词one指代可数名词pen，此处表示泛指，且new是以辅音音标开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
考点一
考查从句中的关系词
考向1 不定冠词表泛指
考点五
考查冠词的用法
考点五
考向2 定冠词表特指
①用于特指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。
When I passed the station this morning, I saw an accident.今天早晨经过车站时，我看到了一起交通事故。
②用于复述上文已经提到的人或事物。
I applied for a university in the USA. The university enjoys a good reputation.我申请了一所美国大学，这所大学享有很好的声誉。
③用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或发明创造的名词前。
The sun is much larger than the earth.太阳比地球大的多。
④用于表示演奏的西洋乐器的名词前。
He started to play the piano at five.他五岁开始学习弹钢琴。
⑤用于序数词和最高级前。
考查冠词的用法
(2025全国一卷)Go is one of 57 earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition.
the
考查定冠词
句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。
考点一
考查从句中的关系词
考向2 定冠词表特指
考点五
考查冠词的用法
练一练
1.(2023·新课标II卷)Not the pandas, even though________language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
2.(2022·新课标II卷) ________ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father.
3.(2022·全国甲卷 Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road._____ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
4.(2019·全国II卷) She said, “We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was_____ joke. ”
the
A
The
a
考点六
介词的基本含义总结
(1)in表示情况、状态，意为“处在……中”；表示手段、形式、方式，意为“以，用”；表示服饰，意为“穿着，戴着”；表示范围、领域，意为“在……方面”。
(2)with表示状态，意为“带有，具有”；表示手段、方法，意为“以，用”；表示关系，意为“和……在一起”；表示伴随，意为“随着”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。
(3)by用于被动语态，意为“被，由”；表示方式，意为“用，靠，凭借”；表示乘用交通工具，意为“乘坐，驾驶”。
(4)for表示方向，意为“往，向”；表示对象、用途等，意为“为，给”；表示时间、距离、数量等，意为“计，达”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。
(5)through表示位置，意为“穿过”；表示时间，意为“在整个期间，自始至终”；表示手段、媒介，意为“以，凭借”。
(6)as介词的用法：①如同，像；②作为，当作
考查介词的意义及用法
练一练
1.(2025·全国一卷)“A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent ______ no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ”
2.(2025·全国二卷) Nothing in my life before prepared me _______ this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area.
3.(2024·新课标II卷)I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ______ Romeo and Juliet
4.(2023·新课标II卷)Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. And who do they speak English ______
by
to
for
with
练一练
5.(2022·全国甲卷)Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers _______ Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
6.(2021·全国甲卷) The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It was built originally to protect the city _____ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
7.(2020·全国III卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds, surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ____ earth, Mother Nature.
8.(2019·全国III卷)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _____ dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals.
from
on
in
of
练一练
9.(2025·浙江1月卷)Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead ____ the fact that they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill
10.(2023·浙江1月卷) Thanks to Beijing’s long history_____capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.
11.(2022·浙江6月卷)Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly _____ age seven.
12.(2020·浙江6月卷)Farming produced more food per person________hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children.
on/upon
at
as
than
Strategies
无提示词题的解题
1．先判断从句类型--定连接词
(1)定语从句有先行词，先行词在从句中作成分，因此定语从句是缺成分的句子。
(2)名词性从句：宾语从句前有及物动词；系动词后是表语从句；主语从句充当主语，是一个句子作主语，其在谓语动词的前面，主语从句在句首时连接词不能省略。
(3)掌握常用状语从句的连接词，状语从句主要靠句子的意思来确定。
2．利用并列关系--定并列连词
3．利用句子成分和词性的位置--确定冠词、介词和代词
书写规范要注意
Strategies
Thank you!