2026届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解记叙文课件(共41张PPT)

(共41张PPT)
2025年高考阅读理解记叙文专题
01
考情分析
目录contents
02
选材命题
03
解题策略
04
真题回顾
01
历年记叙文阅读理解考情分析
定义
记叙文是指一种叙述__________、___________
的文章体裁，以______、______、写景状物为主要内容，以叙述和描写为表达方式。
事件的经过
人物经历及成就
写人
记事
分类
记事
写人
一次经历 (an experience)
一个故事 (a story)
人物故事 ( a man with great spirits )
名人传记 (biography)
1. 记事类
bring out the topic点题
Ending
结局
conclusion升华主题
2. 写人
引出人物
人物生平、成就等
人物影响
记叙文篇章结构特征
Development
发展
beginning开端
Climax
高潮
重难点
强调对细节理解的考察
考情透视·目标导航
年份 卷别 主题语境 话题分类
2024 新高考I卷 人与社会 美国兽医采用针灸技术治疗动物
新高考II卷 人与社会 旧金山捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事打印服务
浙江卷1月 人与社会 感受电话亭变迁
北京卷 人与自我 作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性
2023 新高考I卷 人与自然 生态机器净化污水
新高考II卷 人与社会 Urban Sprouts花园项目帮助学生通过体验乡村生活。
全国甲卷 人与自然 DIY高手Terri Boltonis的技能
全国乙卷 人与社会 风景摄影师
浙江卷1月 人与社会 在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式
北京卷 人与自我 作者职业成功的经历
天津卷 人与自我 成为了社区管弦乐团的首席
2022 新高考II卷 人与社会 孙子把儿童读物当成平板电脑
全国甲卷 人与社会 Ginni Balinton往南极洲的旅程
北京卷 人与社会 参加保护自然活动治愈好了焦虑
天津卷 人与自我 获得自尊就要首先学会接受自己本来的面目
复习目标 1.掌握记叙文的文体特征。2. 掌握记叙文的命题规律及各种题型的解题要领。如细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题。3.掌握记叙文选项的常见干扰项的设置特点及应对策略。 02
选材命题
选材特点
高考记叙文的篇幅一般都在280至350词左右，段落较多。文章语法结构多样化、表达方式灵活，常用短语和平时不常见到的表达交织在文章中，使文章更加生动和地道，也在一定程度上增加了理解的难度，
选材 新颖、生动、真实、典型的素材描写，让读者有身临其境的感觉。
内容 记叙文应该包括六要素，即：时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果。可以按事件发生的时间顺序写，也可以按事件发生的先后写。
形式 顺叙、倒叙、插叙。
语言 一般过去时为主，各种时态为辅，合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态是英语记叙文首要的语言特征；多用动词，尤其是动态强的行为动词是英语记叙文又一个明显的语言特征。
命题 主要集中在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。
命题特点
记叙文题目类型更多，如主旨题、推断题、词义推断题等，大部分题目不能直接根据问题从文章中找到答案，更多考查对文章的深层理解。题干疑问词what出现频率最高，why、which和how兼有但相对较少，题干长度有变长的趋势。选项长度较短，语法结构简单，但词汇量要求较高，阅读理解很大一部分问题是对文中比较特别的表达内容的考查，阅读理解考查的重点是对原文的理解而非复杂选项之间的辨析。
命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：
（1）若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，发展，高潮和结局；
（2）若是＂哲理故事＂，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；
（3）若是 ＂逸闻趣事＂，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。
03
记叙文解题策略
解题策略
Three rules：
Topic
Question
Evidence
记叙文6要素
Time
Place
Who
Why
How/development
Result
细节题
1.定位法答题
关注题干中可以帮助定位的关键词（如时间、地名、人物、重要的动词、名词、形容词等）
2.快速识别
题干使用了原文信息的同义表达，因此需要识别题干中的同义表达，然后定位到原文，选择原文的同义转换
3.推敲选项
定位后进行深层理解，正确选项能根据原文总结概括得到。
【2023 全国乙卷】A 1. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A. By teaming up with other photographers.
B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C. By studying the geographical conditions.
D. By creating settings in the corn fields.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
2. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A. Proper time management.
B. Good shooting techniques.
C. Adventurous spirit.
D. Distinctive styles.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
推断题
1.正向或逆向推理：
抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理.做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或 短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
2.信息整合推断：
做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。
Avoid choosing misleading choices！
干扰项特征 释义
片面理解 将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。
过度推断 作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。
正误参半 选项内容 部分正确，部分错误。
无中生有 在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成作者的观点。
主观臆断 根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。
【2023 全国乙卷】A 3. What can we infer from the author trip with friends to Devil’s Lake
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their equipment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.
A
B/D
4. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying.
C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. （长难句分析）
词义猜测题
词义推断题旨在考查学生根据上下文推断词汇和短语的能力，包括超纲词义、熟词生义、代词的指代关系、俗语、特殊表达等，因此学生不仅需要加强语境中的理解推断能力，也需要在平时注意积累和扩大词汇量。此类题目可以采用以下几种方法：
利用构词法
联系上下文语境
代入法
干扰项特征 释义
构词法干扰 指片面地从构词法的角度猜测、思考，不考虑上下文语境，望词生义；
拘泥于字面意思 根据所学过的熟词意义常使考生觉得画线词义背过而忽略上下文主观臆断。
四 词义猜词题
利用画线词上下文重点逻辑关系合理猜词词义。
1.定义：be, be called, means,be defined as ,that is,that is to say,in other words,---- (破折号)等.
2.对比:yet, but,while ,though however, otherwise, on one hand...on the other hand, for one thing... for another thing,instead of 等。
3.相似: 当被猜的词前后有信号词: or, like , as...as, the same as等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。
4.因果: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so...that, such... that, thus。
5.例举: for instance, for example, such as, such, like, especially, include, consist of 等。
【2023 浙江1月卷】B 5. What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph
A. Share an apartment with you.
B. Join you in what you’re doing.
C. Transform your way of living.
D. Help you to make the decision.
Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. (长难句分析）
I experienced this ... which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
【2021 新高考II卷】C
10. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3
A. Behave badly. B. Lose their way. C. Sleep soundly. D. Miss their mom.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
主旨题
主旨题考查学生对文章的整体把握，能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力。主旨题具体分为主旨大意题、最佳标题题和写作目的题。此类题目需遵循“末位原则”，即不论出现在哪一题，都要最后做。对于记叙文阅读理解，把握文章的中心和主旨、主人公或作者的主要观点和态度是十分必要的。此类题型可以运用以下几种方法：
1. 根据全文关键词确定主题
2. 把握文章逻辑结构
注意！
避免主观臆断：在阅读原文基础上，仔细甄别选项是否与文章主题有密切联系；
涵盖性强：看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。避免以偏概全，范围过大或过小。
【2023 浙江1月卷】B
8. What is the text mainly about
A. How to get on well with other family members.
B. How to have one’s own personal space at home.
C. How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.
D. How to control the budget when buying groceries.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
05
ONE
真题回顾
【2023 浙江1月卷】B
5. What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph
6. What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars
7. What can we infer about the author
8. What is the text mainly about
Live with roommates Have friends and family around you Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
5. What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph
A. Share an apartment with you.
B. Join you in what you’re doing.
C. Transform your way of living.
D. Help you to make the decision.
6. What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars
A. He disapproved of it. B. He was favorable to it.
C. He was tolerant of it. D. He didn’t care about it.
7. What can we infer about the author
A. She is quite good at cooking.
B. She respects others’ privacy.
C. She enjoys being a housewife.
D. She is a determined person.
8. What is the text mainly about
A. How to get on well with other family members.
B. How to have one’s own personal space at home.
C. How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.
D. How to control the budget when buying groceries.
【2021 新高考II卷】C
9. Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home
10. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3
11. What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home
12. Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo
I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.
9. Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home
A. To ensure their survival. B. To observe their differences.
C. To teach them life skills. D. To let them play with his kids.
10. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3
A. Behave badly. B. Lose their way. C. Sleep soundly. D. Miss their mom.
11. What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home
A. Boring. B. Tiring. C. Costly. D. Risky.
12. Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo
A. They frightened the children. B. They became difficult to contain.
C. They annoyed the neighbours. D. They started fighting each other.
【2021 浙江6月卷】D
13. What is the problem with the author’s children
14. How did David Bond advocate his idea
15. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "charts" in paragraph 2
16. What can be a suitable title for the text
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parks less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself "marketing director for Nature".
He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
"Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference," David Bond says. "There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life." His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: "We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while."
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.
13. What is the problem with the author’s children
A. They often annoy the neighbours.
B. They are tired of doing their homework.
C. They have no friends to play with.
D. They stay in front of screens for too long.
14. How did David Bond advocate his idea
A. By making a documentary film.
B. By organizing outdoor activities.
C. By advertising in London media.
D. By creating a network of friends.
15. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "charts" in paragraph 2
A. records
B. predicts
C. delays
D. confirms
16. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Let Children Have Fun
B. Young Children Need More Free Time
C. Market Nature to Children
D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
当他开始将自然视为一个面向年轻人的品牌时，他记录了自己的旅程。其结果是《野生动物项目》，这部电影描绘了野生网络的诞生，这是一个由一群组织组成的组织，其共同目标是让孩子们进入大自然。
谢谢