Unit 5 Play by the rules Starting out课文解析外研版（2024）八年级英语上册

八年级英语上册
Unit 5课文解析
（Starting out部分）
1.What kinds of rules do you need to follow in daily life
在日常生活中你需要遵循哪些种类的规则？
【用法讲解】
rule作名词时，可译为“规则、统治”，其复数形式为rules；rule也可作动词，译为“统治”
【常见搭配】follow the rules 遵守规则
As a rule 通常、一般来说
Eg: The rules of the game 游戏规则
The emperor ruled from 27 BC to 14 AD.
这个皇帝从公元前27年统治到公元14年。
As a rule, I don’t eat dessert.
通常情况下，我不吃甜点。
First, all of us must follow the rules.
首先，大家都应该遵守纪律。
follow作动词，也可译为“理解、听懂”。
Eg: She followed him out of the room.
她跟着他离开了房间。
Please follow the instructions carefully.
请仔细遵循指示。
I’m not following you.Could you explain that again
我不懂你的意思。你能再解释一遍吗？
【常见搭配】 follow up 跟进
Follow through 坚持到底
Follow the rules 遵守规则
Eg: He needs to follow up on that project.
他需要跟进那个项目。
She decided to follow through with her plan.
她决定坚持到底实行她的计划。
We must follow the school rules.
我们必须遵守学校规则。
【派生词】 follower为名词，译为“跟随者”；
following为形容词，译为“下列的、接下来的”。
Eg: His follower is very loyal.
他的追随者非常忠诚。
The following comrades will stay.
下列同志请留下。
daily也可作副词，译为“日常地、每日”；daily还可为名词，译为“日报、日刊”。
Eg: Credit card has become a daily consumption payment tool.
信用卡已成为一种日常的消费支付工具。
I need to take my medicine daily.
我需要每天服用药物。
Do you read the daily
你看每日报纸吗？
【常见搭配】 daily life 日常生活
Eg: Commuting is a part of daily life for many people.
乘车上下班是许多人日常生活的一部分。
【派生词】 day为名词，译为“天、日子”。
Eg: How many days are there in a week
一周有多少天？
【易混辨析】 daily与everyday区别
daily强调每天发生的事情，侧重具体的世家频率；
everyday强调事物的普遍性和平常性，不强调是否每天发生。
Eg: We milk the cows daily.
我们每天挤牛奶。
It’s everyday routine.
这是每天的例行公事。
【即学即用】
1.First, I’ll explain the ________ (规则) of the game.
2.每个人都必须遵守规则。
Everyone must _______ _______ _______.
3.Our ________ (day) earnings generally average around $300.
答案：1.rules 2.follow the rules 3.daily
2.Nothing can be done without norms or standards. 没有规矩，不成方圆。
【用法讲解】 Done在此处为形容词，译为“完成了的、做好了的、筋疲力尽的”；同时也是动词do的过去分词。
Eg: The work is done.
工作已经完成了。
The steak is well done.
牛排全熟了。
I’m done after running 10km.
跑完10公里我累瘫了。
I have done my homework.
我已经做完作业了。
【常见搭配】 be done with sth. 结束某事
Have sth.done 让某事被做
Well done! 做得好！
Eg: I’m done with this job.
我做完这项工作了。
I had my hair cut yesterday.
我昨天剪了头发。
Well done on passing the exam!
考试通过，干得好。
【派生词】 do为动词，译为“做”。
Eg: Do it yourself -- I don’t have time.
你自己做吧 --- 我没有时间。
【即学即用】
1.When I got home, the dinner was already _______ (do).
答案：done
3.Good order is the foundation of all things. 良好的秩序是一切的基础。
【用法讲解】 order作名词，也可译为“订单、顺序、秩序”；order作动词，也可译为“命令、订购”。
Eg: The books are arranged in alphabetical order.
这些书按字母顺序排列。
I placed an order for a new computer.
我订购了一台新电脑。
The waiter came to take our order.
服务员过来记下我们的点菜。
The doctor ordered the patient to rest.
医生命令病人休息。
I ordered 500 pairs of shoes from the factory.
我向这家工厂订购了500双鞋。
【常见搭配】 in order to ... 为了...
Out of order 故障或不正常
Order sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事
Order sth.from... 从...订购某物
Order one’s life 安排自己的生活
Eg: I study hard in order to get a good job.
我努力学习是为了找到好工作。
The printer is out of order.
这台打印机坏了。
The teacher ordered the students to clean the classroom.
老师命令学生们打扫教室。
I ordered a new phone from the online store.
我从网上商店订购了一部新手机。
She is trying to order her life after retirement.
她退休后正努力安排自己的生活。
【即学即用】
1.他每天锻炼以保持健康。
He exercises daily ______ ______ ______ stay healthy.
答案：in order to
4.Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone.
突然，我对面的女孩开始在手机上放大声的音乐。
【用法讲解】 loud常常用来描述声音的强度和清晰度；也可用来描述环境或声音的嘈杂程度。
Eg: He spoke in a loud voice.
他大声地说。
The party was very loud.
聚会非常吵闹。
【派生词】 Loudly为副词，译为“大声地”；
aloud为副词，译为“大声地、出声地”。
Eg: The audience laughed loudly.
观众们大笑起来。
I’ll read the text aloud first.
我先大声朗读一下课文。
【易混辨析】 loud，aloud和loudly区别
Loud为形容词，侧重声音的音量和传远性；可与speak、talk、laugh等连用；
aloud为副词，强调发出声音，常与read、think、call、shout等连用；
loudly为副词，强调声音的强度和方式.，常用于描述各种嘈杂的声音。
Eg: Please speak louder -- I can’t hear you.
请讲大声点 -- 我听不见。
He called aloud for help.
他大声呼救。
The bell rang loudly.
钟声大声地响起。
【即学即用】
1.L_______ music makes me stressed out.
答案：Loud
5.What a shock! I almost jumped up in surprise. 多震惊啊！我几乎吃惊地跳起来。
【用法讲解】surprise在此处为名词，译为“惊喜、惊讶”；surprise还可为动词，译为“使惊讶”。
【常见搭配】 To one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是
In surprise 惊讶地
Surprise sb.with sth. 以某事引发惊讶
Surprise sb.by doing sth. 通过某种行为使某人惊讶
Eg: To my surprise, all the questions were different.
令我吃惊的是，所有的问题都不一样。
He looked at me in surprise.
他惊讶地看着我。
She surprised him with a handmade gift.
她用手工礼物让他惊喜。
He surprised everyone by quitting his job.
他通过辞职让所有人惊讶。
【派生词】surprising为形容词，译为“令人惊奇的”，常常用来修饰物；
surprised为形容词，译为“感到吃惊的”，常常用来修饰人。
【常见搭配】be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊讶
Be surprised to do sth. 做某事感到惊讶
Eg: I was surprised at how quickly he finished the project.
我对他这么快完成项目感到惊讶。
She was surprised to win the prize.
她对自己获奖感到非常惊讶。
To my surprise, she passed the exam easily.
令我惊讶的是，她轻松地通过了考试。
【即学即用】
1.令我吃惊的是，他这么容易就通过了考试。
______ _______ ________, he passed the exam easily.
答案：To my surprise
6.A minute later, the man next to me took out several packets of food.
一分钟后，我旁边的男人拿出几袋食物。
【用法讲解】
next to me为介词短语作后置定语修饰前面名词man。
Eg: The book on the table is mine.
桌子上的书是我的。
several后面即可接可数名词也可接不可数名词；也可以作代词指代已经提及的人或物。
Eg: I saw several birds in the garden.
我在花园里看到了几只鸟。
She has several pieces of advice for you.
她有几条建议给你。
I didn’t know which key to use, so I tried several.
我不知道用哪个钥匙，所以我试了好几个。
【常见搭配】 several + of + 限定词 + 名词复数
Several times 几次
Eg: Several of my friends don’t have cars.
我的几个朋友没有车。
I have tried to call her several times, but she didn’t answer.
我试着给她打了几次电话，但她没接。
【即学即用】
( )1.There are several ______ of books on the table in the classroom.
A.pair B.pairs
C.piece D.pieces
2.他旁边的那个女孩是我妹妹。
The girl _______ ______ him is my sister.
答案： 1.B 2.next to
7.I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr.Smelly Food.
我捂住我的鼻子，以减少来自“难闻食物先生”的气味。
【用法讲解】
cover作动词，还可译为“涉及、采访、代替、支付、走完一段路程”；cover也可作名词，译为“避难所”。
Eg: The table is covered with a white cloth.
桌子上覆盖着一块白布。
This book covers a wide range of topics.
这本书涵盖了广泛的主题。
The newspaper covered the event in detail.
报纸详细报道了这一事件。
He covered for me when I was away.
当我离开时，他代替了我的工作。
The insurance covers the cost of the repair.
保险足以支付修理费用。
The hike covered 10 miles.
这次徒步旅行走了10英里。
The book has a beautiful cover.
这本书有一个漂亮的封面。
The box has a plastic cover.
这个盒子有一个塑料盖子。
The forest provided a natural cover for the animals.
森林为动物们提供了一个天然的避难所。
【常见搭配】 from cover to cover 从头到尾阅读
Cover...with ... 用...盖...
Be covered with ... 被覆盖
Eg: I read the novel from cover to cover in one sitting.
我一口气从头到尾读完了这本小说。
She covered her eyes with her hands.
她用手盖住自己的眼睛。
The ground is covered with snow.
地面被大雪覆盖。
So as to译为“为了、以便”，说明某一行为的直接目的、强调主观意图。
Eg: He saved money so as to buy s new car.
他存钱是为了买一辆新车。
【即学即用】
( )1.-- May I have a talk with one of your sports reporters
-- Sorry, but all of them are out to _____ the main events of the day.
A.get B.find
C.cover D.search
2.我早到是为了占个好座位。
I arrived early ______ _____ ______ get a good seat.
答案： 1.C 2.so as to
8.My face turned as red as a tomato! 我的脸涨得像西红柿一样红！
turn在此处为动词，译为“转变”，还可译为“转动、改变方向”等。
Eg: Please turn the key in the lock.
请把钥匙插到锁里转动。
Turn left at the corner. 在拐角处左转。
【常见搭配】 turn...into ... 把...变成...
Turn ...off 关闭（常指关掉自来水、电灯及家用电器等）
Turn...on 打开（常指开灯或打开家用电器等）
Turn down 把声音调低、拒绝
Turn up 把声音调高、出现
Eg: The magician turned the flower into a bird.
这个魔术师把一朵花变成了一只鸟。
You must turn off the light when you go to bed.
你应当在你睡觉前关灯。
I want to watch TV, can I turn it on
我想要看电视，我能开吗？
Don’t forget to turn down the volume when you leave the room.
当你离开房间时，别忘了调低音量。
He has turned down the letter.
他拒绝了信。
Don't worry, it will turn up.
别担心，它会出现的。
I can't hear the music clearly, please turn up the radio.
我听不清音乐，请把收音机声音调高。
【易混辨析】 become, turn, go, grow和get的区别
Become译为“变得”，强调变化过程的完成及身份的变化；
Turn译为“变得”，强调变化的结果，侧重颜色、方向或状态的变化；
go译为“变得”，强调由好变坏；
grow译为“变得”，强调逐渐变化的过程；
get译为“变得”，强调短暂或逐渐的变化，常与形容词连用。
Eg: He became famous.
他变得很有名。
The leaves turned yellow in autumn.
树叶在秋天变成黄色。
The meat went bad.
肉变质了。
The tree grew tall.
树长高了。
The days are getting longer and longer.
白天变得越来越长。
【即学即用】
( )1.The pollution problem is _________ serious.
A.becoming B.turning
C.getting D.growing
2.可是我转身之后，却发现没有人。
I’ll ________ ______, but then no one is there.
答案：1.D 2.turn around
9.Come on, he’s just a kid. 算了吧，他只是一个孩子。
【用法讲解】 come on为动词短语，译为“加油、来吧、开始、得了吧”。
Eg: Come on! You can do it better.
加油！你能做得更好。
Come on, let’s go to the party together.
来吧，我们一起参加派对。
The rain finally came on in the afternoon.
下午终于开始下雨了。
Come on, you can’t expect me to believe that story.
得了吧，你别指望我相信那个故事了。
【即学即用】
1.快点，不然我们看电影要迟到了。
_______ _______, or we’ll be late for the movie.
答案：Come on