Module 10 Unit 4 Grammar and Usage
Language Style
Thoughts on the design:
本节课主要按照从研究到归纳到巩固的思路设计的。首先通过一些典型例子的呈现，让学生初步感知英语中正式用语与非正式用语之间的区别。接着，根据两者之间的典型差异，有目的地选取一些句子，让学生去辨别两种风格语言之间的不同。然后加以归纳，总结，强化学生的感悟。在学生了解两者之间不同的基础上，更重要的是学生要学以致用，所以遵循探索新知识，到使用新知识的规律，接下去设计了让学生讨论在什么情况下该用何种风格的语言，并简单加以归纳，最终提高学生语言运用的得体性。
Teaching aims:
Get to know about the differences between formal style and informal style.
Get to know about the different situations in which formal and informal languages are used.
Learn to use proper languages according to different situations.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1 Lead in
Present the students a pair of sentences. The students are required to tell the differences between the two sentences.
Q：What is the difference between the following sentences:
A. Close the door when you leave.
B. Would you mind closing the door when you leave?
Step 2 Study
The students are required to study 3 different pairs of sentences, and they are supposed to tell the differences between them.
Example 1
1. Raising the price of a product affects many consumers.
2. Many consumers are affected when the price of a product is raised.
Informal: Using simple sentence structures
Formal: Using subordinate clauses
Example 2
1. The director chose flesh-coloured costumes for this scene in the performance.
2. For this particular scene in the performance, flesh-coloured costumes were chosen by the director.
Informal: Using active voice
Formal: Using passive voice
Example 3
1. More crimes are happening.
2. There has been an increase in the incidence of crime.
Informal: Using simple words
Formal: Using abstract nouns
Step 3 Summarize
Allow students several minutes to summarize the differences between formal and informal languages.
Formal
Informal
Step 4 Broaden
Allow students several minutes to decide which dialogue is formal and which is informal. Then allow the students several minutes to decide in what kind of situations, what kind of language style should be used.
1. Compare the following two texts and try to decide which is formal and which is informal.
Text 1
A: Hi, Mike. It’s Alice’s birthday tomorrow. Shall we buy her a present?
B: Yes, of course, what about some flowers?
A: Flowers are lovely. But I’d prefer to get her a CD. You know she loves music.
B: Good idea.
Text 2
A: Good morning, Mr. Smith. The report is finished. Shall I present it to you?
B: Please give it to me in an hour. I have a meeting with some customers about our new product.
A: I am sorry to interrupt you. Please inform me when you are finished and have time to look at the report.
B: Yes, I will.
2. In the following situations, what language style should we use?
A. a telephone conversation with a friend
B. a telephone call to a teacher
C. an e-mail to a pen friend
D. a presentation to the class
E. a job interview
F. a scientific report
G. the entertainment section of a newspaper
H. an application letter for a job
I. a note to your mum
J. a chat with your next door neighbour
?
Formal
Informal
Spoken
?
?
Written
?
?
Step 5 General Guide
Students are required to classify some common situations in our daily life and are supposed to know clearly when and where what kind of language style should be used.
?
Formal
Informal
Written text
?
?
Spoken language
?
?
Exercise
一、完型填空
Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers take them for granted. This is especially true__1__children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and__2__sports programs and make sure that there is easy__3__to participation opportunities. Children in low-income families and poor communities are__4__likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often__5__the resources needed to pay for participation__6__, equipment, and transportation to practices and games__7__ their communities do not have resources to build and__8__sports fields and facilities.
Organized youth sports__9__appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed__10__some educators and developmental experts__11__that the behavior and character of children were__12__influenced by their social surrounding and everyday experiences. This__13__many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in__14__ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become.
This belief that the social__15__influenced a person’s overall development was very__16__to people interested in progress and reform in the United States__17__the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about__18__they might control the experiences of children to__19__responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a__20__capitalist economy depended on the productivity of worker.
1. A. among B. within C. on D. towards
2. A. spread B. speed C. spur D. sponsor
3. A. access B. entrance C. chance D. route
4. A. little B. less C. more D. much
5. A. shrink B. tighten C. limit D. lack
6. A. bill B accounts C. fees D. fare
7. A. so B. as C. and D. but
8. A. maintain B. sustain C. contain D. entertain
9.A. last B. first C. later D. finally
10.A. before B. while C. until D. when
11.A. realized B. recalled C. expected D. exhibited
12.A. specifically B. excessively C. strongly D. exactly
13. A. moved B. conducted C. put D. led
14. A. precise B. precious C. particular D. peculiar
15.A. engagement B. environment C. state D. status
16.A. encouraging B. disappointing C. upsetting D. surprising
17.A. for B. with C. over D. at
18.A. what B. how C. whatever D. however
19.A. multiply B. manufacture C. produce D. provide
20.A. growing B. breeding C. raising D. flying
二、任务型阅读
After crying a river of tears，having too much drink the night before，or spending little time for sleep, you may find yourself with red swollen eyes. Although you can cover your eye bags with a cool pair of sunglasses, you still have to deal with your eye problem when you have to remove them. What’s more, bags under the eyes are usually accompanied by other problems such as dark circles or extreme redness.
Swollen eyes usually last for hours or a couple of days. If you are not going anywhere, it is actually good for you to just let nature determine when your swollen eyes are coming back to normal. However, if you have an important meeting, a date, or you are going to attend a special occasion, having eye bag can really be annoying. Here are some tricks on how you can recover your eyes from being swollen.
Some people have more chance to have eye bags, while others don’t. If you are one of the individuals who often have swollen eyes，then you should stay away from things that are causing your eyes to swell.
If you have an important date, you should remember to sleep well the night before. Also, make sure that you are not wild with alcohol, which may be responsible for the phenomenon. Getting easy with salty foods may also be a good idea because like alcohol, too much salt can also make you keep much water.
If you were not able to prevent your eyes from becoming swollen, then do not be depressed. Here are plenty of things you can do, such as performing eye massage to help reduce the possibility.
Using your ring finger, simply massage your eye area in circular motion, starting from your nasal sinuses(鼻窦)then to the cheeks. Make sure that you slightly push the skin upwards so as not to cause wrinkles. Repeat the massage for about five times on each eye. Gently massaging the area will help get rid of pooled water faster.
Placing a cool eye mask (choose the one without holes for more coverage)on your eyes for 10 to 15 minutes will help comfort your eyes. Moreover，your blood vessels (血管)will shrink or tighten due to the cold temperature. This will help remove water beneath the skin under your eyes. If you do not have a plastic eye mask，you can use pieces of cold melon or used teabags.
If you have swollen eyes, it would be best for you to drink plenty of cold water or other cold drink. As mentioned earlier, the cool temperature encourages blood vessels to shrink, which will help in promoting better water loss. Basically, the bags under your eyes are simply water or fluid that was not properly removed out of your system.
If you still have eye bags even after you performed the tricks above, then you need to skip eyeliner for the day. This make-up is used to emphasize the shape of the eyes so if you have swollen eyes, the eyeliner will only highlight the shortcoming.
Bring Back Your Swollen Eyes to Normal
Passage Outline
Supporting Details
1.________
Have a 2.________ sleep.
Do not 3.________ too much alcohol.
4. ________ too salty foods.
Eye massage
Massage your eye area in circular motion 5.________ your ring finger.
6. ________massaging from your nasal sinuses.
Push the skin upwards in 7.________ of causing wrinkles.
Repeat the massage for five times on 8.________eyes.
Using a cool eye mask
9.________ a cool eye mask，pieces of cold melon or used teabags on your eyes for 10 to 15 minutes.
Skipping the eyeliner
Keep off eye makeup 10.________ your eye bags disappear.
参考答案
完形填空
ADABD CBABD ACDCB ADBCA
任务型阅读
1. Prevention 2. good/nice 3. drink 4. Avoid 5. with
6. Start 7. case 8. both 9. Place/Put 10. until
课件14张PPT。Grammar and usage
Unit4 Language styles Step 1 Lead inA. Close the door when you leave.
B. Would you mind closing the door when you leave?What is the difference between the following sentences:Step 2 Study—Formal style and informal styleExample 11) Raising the price of a product
affects many consumers.
2) Many consumers are affected when
the price of a product is raised. Formal:
Using subordinate clauses
Informal:
Using simple sentence structures
Step 2 Study—Formal style and informal styleExample 1 The director chose flesh-coloured
costumes for this scene in the
performance.
2) For this particular scene in the
performance, flesh-coloured
costumes were chosen by the director. Formal:
Using passive voice
Informal:
Using active voice
Step 2 Study—Formal style and informal styleExample 31) More crimes are happening.
2) There has been an increase in the
incidence of crime. Formal:
Using abstract nouns
Informal:
Using simple words
Step 3 SummarizeWhat is the difference between formal and informal styles:Compare the following two texts
and try to decide which is formal
and which is informal.Step 4 BroadenText 1A: Hi, Mike. It’s Alice’s birthday
tomorrow. Shall we buy her a
present?B: Yes, of course, what about
some flowers?A: Flowers are lovely. But I’d prefer
to get her a CD. You know she
loves music. B: Good idea.Step 4 BroadenText 2A: Good morning, Mr. Smith. The report
is finished. Shall I present it to you? B: Please give it to me in an hour. I
have a meeting with some customers
about our new product. A: I am sorry to interrupt you. Please
inform me when you are finished and
have time to look at the report.B: Yes, I will.Step 4 BroadenText 1: use simple sentence structures;
the active voice;
less formal language and contractionsText 2: use the passive voice;
a formal setting Step 4 BroadenStep 4 BroadenA. a telephone conversation with a friend
B. a telephone call to a teacher
C. an e-mail to a pen friend
D. a presentation to the class
E. a job interview
F. a scientific report
G. the entertainment section of a newspaper
H. an application letter for a job
I. a note to your mum
J. a chat with your next door neighbourIn the following situations, what
language style should we use?B D EA JF HC I GStep 4 Broaden
Essays, reports,
letters of applicationformal speeches,
Addressing strangersletters to friends or family, e-mails,
text messagesTalking to people we know well (family members and friends)Step 5 General GuideStep 6 Homework Workbook:
P.124 C1, C2
