人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册知识点清单素材

选择性必修一第一单元
一、词形变化
1.commit vt. 承诺；保证vi.忠于；全心全意投入committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的
commitment n. 承诺；保证；投入；奉献
2.object n.目标；物体；宾语 v. 反对 objective n.客观；目的 adj. 客观的
3.evaluate v.评估；评价 evaluation n.评估；评价
4.distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 distinction n. 区别；差别；特性
5.acknowledge v. 承认；感谢 acknowledgement n.承认；感谢
6.analyze vt.分析 analysis n.分析；分析结果
7.science n.科学 scientist n.科学家 scientific adj.科学的；关于科学的
8.conclude vt.推断；结束；终止 conclusion n. 结论，推论
9.politics n.政治 politician n.政客，从政者 political adj. 政治的
10.gentle adj.温柔的；文静的 gently adv. 轻柔地；温柔地
11.consequent adj.随之发生的 consequently adv. 因此，结果 consequence n.结果；
12.remark n.言论，谈论 v.评论，谈论 remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的
remarkably adv.非凡地；显著地
二、重点短语
1.commit a crime/a mistake 犯罪/犯错误
2.commit oneself to doing/ be committed to doing
致力于做某事/承诺做某事
acknowledge sb/sth. as/to be
承诺某人/某事是.......
4.It is universally/generally acknowledged that 人们普遍认为...
5.acknowledge doing sth. 承认做了某事
6.insist on doing 坚持做某事
7.insist that sb. (should) do
坚决要求某人做某事
8.conclude sth. with/by... 以...结束某事
9.come to/draw/arrive at/reach a conclusion 得出结论
10.in conclusion 总之
11.in/under the circumstances
在这种情况下
12.as a consequence=in consequence 结果，因此
13.as a consequence of=in consequence of 因为/由于......
14.on/upon doing 一.....就.....
as soon as, no sooner...than..., hardly/scarcely...when..., immediately/instantly/directly, the minute/moment/second/instant
15.be crucial to/for 对....至关重要
16.flee from 从...逃出来
17.build up/lay a solid foundation for... 为...奠定坚实的基础
18.have a passion for 酷爱，喜爱
19.make sure确保
20.wear and tear 磨损；损耗
21.draw out 取出；拟订
22.make contributions to对...做贡献
23.take up a position 担任；任职
24.pass away 去世
25.be based on 以...为基础
26.in particular 尤其，特别
27.open up 开发，开放
28.sum up总结，概括
29.by chance/accident 偶然
30.It struck/hit/occurred to sb. that...某人突然意识到.
三．重点句子背诵
1. 青蒿素挽救了成千上万人的生命，并改善了数百万人的健康状况。
Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people.
2. 经历了190多次的失败之后，这个团队终于在1971年获得了成功。
After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971.
3.工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。
While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge,he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
4.1955年4月18日，据报道，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为失去这位杰出的科学家而哀悼。
On April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
选择性必修一第二单元
一、词形变化
1.persuade vt.劝说；说服 persuasion n.劝说；说服persuasive adj.有说服力的，令人信服的
2.distance adj.遥远的；远处的；书院的；心不在焉的 distance n.距离
3.secure adj.安全的，安心的，可靠的，牢固的 vt.获得；栓牢；保护security n.安全工作；保护措施
4.efficient adj.效率高的efficiently adv.有效地，效率高地efficiency n.效率
5.prefer vt.更喜欢；宁愿 preference n.爱好，偏爱
6.instant adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的 n.瞬间，片刻 instantly adv.即刻的，马上的
7.warn vt. 警告；提醒 warning n.警告；警示呢；先兆
8.normal adj.正常的 abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的
9.criticize v. 批评 critical adj.严重的；关键的；批判性的
criticism n.批评；指责 critic n.批评家；评论家
10.electricity n.电；电能electrical adj.与电有关的；用电的 electric adj. 电动的；发电的
11.fantasy n.幻想；想象 fantastic adj.极好的；了不起的
12.detect vt.发现；查明 detective adj.侦察的 n.侦探 detector n.探测器；检测器
bine v.结合；混合 combination n.结合；合并；联合
14.predict v.预测；预言；预料 prediction n.预测；预言
15.occupy v.占有；占领 occupation n.占领；职业
16.absent adj.缺席的；不在的；缺乏的 absence n. 不存在；缺席；缺乏
17.emphasize vt.强调 emphasis n.强调；重视；重要性
18.resist v.抵制；反对；抗拒 resistant adj. 有抵抗力的 resistance n.抵制；反对；抗拒
19.accurate adj.精确的；准确的 accuracy n.准确性
二、重点短语
1.persuade sb. to do sth.=persuade/talk sb. into doing)说服某人做某事
2.persuade sb. not to do sth.(=persuade/talk sb. out of doing sth.)说服某人不做某事
3.persuade/convince sb. of sth.
使某人相信某事
4.switch on/off 打开/关上
5.at sb's command 由某人支配；听从某人的指挥；得心应手；运用自如
6.in command of 指挥；控制
7.have a good command/knowledge of掌握/精通...
8.command sb. to do 命令某人做...
9.command that sb. (should) do
命令某人做...
10.be relevant to... 与...有关
11.have (no) relevance to
与...（无）/有关
12.combine...with/and...把...与...结合起来
13.be combined with... 与...结合/联合
14.oppose doing 反对做某事
15.be opposed to sth. 反对某事
16.during/in one's absence 某人不在时
17.absence of mind 心不在焉
18.be absent from 缺席...；不在...
19.advocate (sb.) doing
主张/提倡(某人)做...
20.It is strongly advocated that...(should) do sth. 强烈主张....
21.keep ab. at a distance
对某人冷淡；与某人疏远
22.have a preference for 对...偏爱
23.be available to sb/for sth. 可供...之用
24.It is predicted that... 据预测...
25.in addition 另外
26.keep track of
记录；追踪；与...保持联系
27.keep in touch with 与...保持联系
28.early on 在初期；早先
29.prevent...from... 阻止...免于...
30.catch fire 着火
31.in this sense 从这种意义上来说
32.benefit from 从...获益
33.send out 发出；分发
34.set off 出发；动身；引起；引爆
35.care about 关心；在意；喜欢
36.rather than 而不是
37.in place of 代替
38.all in all 总之
三、重点句式背诵
1. 这样的智能家居将保障我们的安全，节省我们的能源，为我们提供一个更为舒适的居住环境。
These smart homes will keep us secure, save us energy, and provide a more comfortable environment to live in.
2. 自十八世纪以来，他们基本上过着农夫的生活，而且在遥远的将来，他们的生活方式可能依然如此。
They have lived mainly as farmers since the 18th century, and they will probably be living the same way in the distant future.
3. 甚至有人认为，阿曼门诺派的生活质量更高，因为他们生活在自然的环境中，怡然自得，而不是生活在污染严重的大城市里。
It could even be argued that the Amish’s quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large, polluted cities.(since引导原因状语从句)
选择性必修一第三单元
一、重点单词变形
领土；版图；领域 n. territory
可见的；看得见的 adj. visible 反义词 invisible
边界；界限n. boundary
值得做的；有益的adj. rewarding n&vt. reward
极好的；极大的；难以置信的adj. incredible adv. incredibly
吸引 v. attract 有吸引力的；感染力的 adj. attractive
（提供）消遣；（使）娱乐 v. amuse adj. amusing n. amusement
巨大的；极大的 adj. enormous/vast adv. Enormously/vastly
摇摆；转弯 v. swing 过去式 swung 过去分词 swung
时尚 n. fashion adj. fashionable
稀少的；罕见的 adj. rare adv. rarely
娱乐；招待 n. entertainment v. entertain
抱怨 v. complain n. complaint
陪伴 n. company v.陪伴 accompany
祝福v. bless n. blessing
二、重点短语
1.在…的边缘 at the edge of
2.禁止某人做某事 ban sb. from (doing) sth,
3.阻止某人做某事prohibit sb. from doing
4.收养孩子 adopt a child
5.享有…幸福；赋予…权利 be blessed with
6.依靠…生活；以…为生 live off
7.作为回报 in return
9.去…的路线 route to
10.提前 ahead of time
11.吸引；呼吁；上诉 appeal to
12.四处闲逛 wander around
13.流行 in fashion
14.过时 out of fashion
15.多达十人 up to ten people
16.直到现在 up to now
17.壮丽的风景 splendid scenery
18.在展览中，在展出中 on display
19.颠倒；倒转；翻转 upside down
20.在行进中；在移动中 on the move
21.出发；启程；(怀着目标)开始工作
set out
22.与…相像 anything like
23.有幸得到；拥有 be blessed with
24.除…之外 (3个) apart from/aside from/in addition to
25.使…处于…状态 keep… in… state
26.少量的；少数的 a small number of
27.向某人抱怨某事 complain to sb. about/over sth.
28.做某事感到幸运 feel blessed to do sth.
29.不为..所知 be unknown to
30.值得做 be worth doing/be worthy of
being done/be worthy to be done
31.出台…;实施… put ..in place
32.位列名单之首 at the top of the list
33.融入；与..相称，适合 fit in
34.主题公园 theme park
35.对..有强烈的欲望have an appetite for
36.世界上独一无二的 like no other place on the earth
37.食品摊food stands
38.钢铁般的意志a will of iron
39.经历（灾难或其他困境）而幸存
Live through
40.保持原样 remain as it is
三、重点句型背诵
1. Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible.
尽管外面艳阳高照，我也分不清是早上还是夜晚。
Here I am, alone under this broad sky, breathing the fresh air, and enjoying this great adventure.
苍穹之下，我独自一人，呼吸着新鲜的空气，享受着这场伟大的冒险。
Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you!
无论你喜欢哪一个，无论你喜欢什么，总有一个奇妙无比的主题公园会让你流连忘返。
选择性必修一第四单元
一．重点单词变
1.vary vi. (根据情况)变化；改变various adj. 各种各样的variety n. 变化；多样(化)；多变
2.employ vt. 使用；应用 (2个汉语)employment n. 雇用；工作unemployment n 失业
employer n. 雇主employee n. 雇员
3.educate vt. 教育；训练education adj. 受过良好教育的；有教养的
educator n. 教育工作者；教_育家；教师education n. 教育
4.adjust vt. 调整；调节　vi. & vt. 适应；(使)习惯adjustment n. 调整；调节
adjustable adj. 可调节的
5.approve vi. 赞成；同意　vt. 批准approval n. 赞成；同意disapprove v 不赞同
6.rely vi. 依赖；依靠reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的过去式/过去分词 relyed
7.anxious adj 焦虑的；渴望的anxiously adv 焦虑地；不安地anxiety n 焦虑；担心
8.embarrass v 使尴尬embarrassing adj 令人尴尬的embarrassed adj 难堪的；尴尬的
embarrassment n 窘迫；难堪
9.react v 起反应；回应reaction n 反应；回应
10.ashamed adj 羞愧的；惭愧的shame n 惭愧；羞愧；羞耻心
shameful adj 可耻的shameless adj 无耻的，不知羞耻的
11.mere adj 仅仅的；只不过merely adv 仅仅；只不过
12.assess v 评估assessment n 评估
13.occupy v 占用；占据occupation n 职业；工作；占领
14.distinguish v 区分；辨别distinguished adj 卓越的；杰出的
15.favor v 较喜欢；有利于 n 恩惠赞同帮助favorable adj 赞同的favorite adj 最喜欢的
二、重点短语
相比之下 by contrast
相比较 by comparison
推断 make inferences
尴尬地做某事 be embarrassed to do
整理 直立起来 Straighten up
换言之in other words
有某种影响 在工作at work
拜访(sb.)呼吁call on
适合于 be appropriate for/to
随着......变化 Vary with ...
大量的varieties of/ a variety of
忙于做...be employed in
眼神接触 make eye contact
瞧不起 Look down upon/on
被允许做...... be permitted to do
避免做......avoid doing
设法联系上 通过 get through
建议做......suggest doing
被理解为be interpreted as
坐下休息 put one’s feet up
某人忙于做某事；竭尽全力 put one’s back into doing sth.
信守承诺 keep one’s word
使自己出众；使自己扬名；表现突出 distinguish oneself
以做......而结束end up doing
充分利用 get the most out of
肢体语言 body language
支持 in favor of
易于；倾向于tend to do
感到沮丧feel down/blue
欠某人一个人情 owe sb. a favor
消除；（汽车）出故障；（物质）分解；情绪崩溃 break down
消除…和..之间的障碍 break down the barrier between.. and..
计算出；想出；解决；弄明白
figure out
专供..使用；专为..而设计
be intended for
得出结论 draw conclusions/come to/reach a conclusion
使..从..分散注意力 distract.. from..
对..感到羞愧 be ashamed of
懒得做某事 not bother to do sth
重点句型
If we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
当我们感到沮丧或孤单时，最美好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。
With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.
他们双手托着下巴，要么望着窗外，要么盯着天花板，百无聊赖。
Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger
专家建议对着镜子对自己微笑，让自己感觉更快乐、更强大。
选择性必修一第五单元
一. 词形变化
devote_ vt.把…献(给);专心于 devoted_ adj.忠实的;挚爱的 devotion_ n.奉献;忠诚
short_ adj.短的;缺乏的 _shorten_ vt.变短;缩短 shortage_ n.不足;缺少;短缺
convince_vt.使相信;使确信;说服 convincing 令人信服的 convinced_adj.坚信的
assume_ v.假定;假设;认为 assumption n.假定;设定
intense_ adj.热切的，十分强烈的，激烈的 intensity_ n.强烈，剧烈，强度
expand_ vt.& vi.扩大;增加；扩展; expansion_ n.扩张;扩展;扩大
consume_ v.消耗;耗费 consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费 consumer_ n.消费者
vision_ n.想象;视力;视野 envision_ vt.展望;想象
_real_adj.真实的 reality .现实;实际情况;事实 really_adv.真正地
salt_ n.盐 _salty_ adj.含盐的;咸的
extend_ vt.延长;延伸;扩大 extension n.扩建部分;扩大;电话分机
chemistry_ n.化学 chemical_ adj.化学的n.化学制品 chemist_ n.化学家
nutrition_ n.营养;滋养 nutritional_ adj.营养的 nutritious adj.有营养的;营养丰富的
poor_ adj.贫困的，不好的 poverty_n. 贫穷，贫困
organ_ n.器官 organic_adj. 有机的，不使用化肥的
deep_ adj.深的 adv.深深地 deeply_ adv.深深地，非常;depth n.深度 deepen 加深
entire_ adj.全部的，完全的 _entirely_ adv.全部地;完整地;完全地
二．重点短语(单词用法及课文内短语)
作为...而出名 be known as
把某人的生命奉献给..
devote one’s life to
粮食欠收 a serious shortage of food
解决这一危机 tackle this crisis
增加产量 boost yields
相信... be convinced that...
使某人能够做某事enable sb to do
据估算 It is estimated that...
由...组成
be comprised/composed/made up of, consist of
考虑到，鉴于... Given that...
远非如此 far from the case
实现梦想 fulfill one’s dream
成功做到... succeed in doing sth
在国内外at home and abroad
打开，开发 open up
削减，砍倒 cut down
通过千辛万苦 through intense effort
打算做某事be intended to do
使用，利用 make use of, make the most/best of, take good advantage of
满足日益增长的消费需求
meet increasing consumption demands
抱怨某事complain about sth
既然，由于 now that
下定决心做某事
make up one’s minds to do sth
过绿色的生活live a green life
减轻世界饥饿alleviate world hunger
相应地，转而，依次，轮流 in turn
对...造成损失cause damage to
必需的矿物质essential minerals
远非，远远不nowhere near
pursue a career追求事业
invaluable contributions无价的贡献
take on responsibilities承担责任
commit oneself to sth投身于
做许多农业研究
conduct a lot of agricultural research
合理的建议和做法
sound advice and practices
一系列的 a diverse range of
需要被做need doing=need to be done ...
有待被查看remain to be seen
待售，出售for sale
对……有影响
have an lmpact/influence/effecct on
三．重点句子背诵
1. 的确，他那瘦削却结实的身躯，就像千千万万中国农民一样，他把自己的一生都奉献给了他们。
Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life.
然而，最让他担忧的是农民们常常收成不好，有时甚至严重缺粮。
However, what concerns him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
很久以前，他设想水稻长得像高粱一样高，每穗稻谷像扫帚一样大，每粒稻谷像花生一样大。
Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as a sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as broom, and each grain of rice as huge as peanut.
阻止他们这么做的原因是，化学农业满足了世界各地对食物的高需求。
What keeps them from diong so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.