(共20张PPT)
Unit 3 Grammar and usage
Restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns
1. Distinguish the restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns
2. Summarize the general rules of restrictive relative clauses with relative
pronouns
3. Use restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns to finish tasks correctly
Learning aims:
Lead-in:
Who would you like to share your happiness or sadness with
parents
teachers
friends
Lead-in:
What are friends like in Audrey Hepburn’s eyes
In your opinion
Friends are those people who give laughter when there are tears.
Friends are those people _________________ when there are fears
Friends are those who bring pleasure, fantasy and fun when there is none.
Friends are those who __________us _____________to face each day.
who comfort
give
strength
What are friends like in Audrey Hepburn’s eyes
Friends are those (people) who_____________
Obervation:
Friends are those people who give laughter when there are tears.
Friends are those people who comfort when there are fears
Friends are those who bring pleasure, fantasy and fun when there is none.
Friends are those who give us strength to face each day.
restrictive relative clause
Not all friends can be real friends
Who can be our real friends Find out answers in part A on page 34.
A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.
A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.
A real friend is someone who sees our true self, not just the face that we show to the world.
Explore:
A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.
antecedent先行词
restrictive relative clause
定语从句
relative pronoun关系代词
A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.
A real friend is someone who sees our true self, not just the face that we show to the world.
Yet these days, the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.
Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends whom we love.
“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter most to us.
“Liking” our friends’ photos online does not develop the connection which we share.
Find out other sentences with restrictive relative clauses
Summarize:
Antecedent: person, thing (a noun, pronoun or phrase)
Relative pronouns:______, ______, ______, ______, ______
Three functions of relative pronouns:
1. connect the main clause and the subordinate clause连接主从句
2. replace the antecedent替代先行词
3. serve as a component in a subordinate clause充当从句成分
who
whom
whose
that
which
Summarize:
关系代词 所修饰先行词 在从句中所作的成分
who
whom
which
that
whose
人
人
宾语
物
主语/宾语
人/物
主语/宾语/表语
人/物
定语
主语/宾语
作宾语时可省略
How can we win real friendship Finish B1 on page 35
1. Common interests provide rich ground. Many friendships grow from rich ground.
Common interests provide rich ground ________________________________.
2. When friend’s communication is warm and open, friendships grow best.
Friendships grow best between friends __________________________________.
3. Friendships are like flowers. These flowers need to be taken good care of.
Friendships are like flowers ____________________________________.
4. A relationship with a true friend will surely produce fruit. You can count on a true friend.
A relationship with a true friend ______________________________will surely produce fruit.
5. You have been helped by others.To make friends, you should help others in the same way.
To make friends, you should help others the way________________________________.
from which many friendships grow
whose communication is warm and open
which/that need to be taken good care of
(whom/who/that) you can count on
(in which/that )you have been helped
Application:
Mark Twain
American writer
故事的主人公是在《汤姆·索亚历险记》中就跟读者见面的哈克贝利·费恩。哈克贝利是一个聪明、善良、勇敢的白人少年。他为了追求自由的生活,逃亡到密西西比河上。在逃亡途中,他遇到了黑奴吉姆。吉姆是一个勤劳朴实、热情诚实、忠心耿耿的黑奴,他为了逃脱再次被主人卖掉的命运,从主人家中出逃。两个人历经种种奇遇。
这部小说从思想到技巧都有许多创新。小说赞扬了男孩哈克贝利的机智和善良,谴责了宗教的虚伪和信徒的愚昧,同时,塑造了一位富有尊严的黑奴形象。
which/that
whose
who/that
(which/that)
which
(whom/that/who)
who/that
Application:
Application:
Are Huck Finn and Jim true friends Why do you think so
Yes, they are. Because Huck refuses to give Jim to those slave catchers
Discussion:
Work in pairs, describe a friend of yours using restrictive relative clauses. Use the example below to help you.
My best friend is Owen. I met him at a Reading Club meeting (which/that) we both attended. We have the same taste in books, and we often spend hours discussing novels(which/that) we've both read. I must say, he's one of the smartest people (that) I have ever met.
Discussion:
Work in pairs, describe a friend of yours using restrictive relative clauses. Use the example below to help you.
My best friend is Hannah. I met her in a park in which I play badminton. One day, the friend who I normally play with had to go home early, and I was about to leave too. That was the moment when Hannah came up to me and asked if I wanted to play with her. We got on really well and soon became close friends. I know she is someone that I can rely on in times of diffculty.
Sample:
Thank you!