M9 Unit 3 The meaning of colour
Grammar and usage 1
Thoughts on the design:
本节课是以讲练相结合的语法课。按照学生的认知规律，从温故知新——探索新知识——使用新知识——巩固新知识进行教学；针对语法教学的特点，鼓励学生参与，形成师生互动，以便更好地掌握本节课所学的语法。
Teaching aims:
After learning the grammar and usage, the Ss will be able to have an overall picture of “adverbial clause”.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1 Introduction
1. Explain what “adverbial clause” is. (PPT 4)
An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb.
2. Different kinds of “adverbial clause”. (PPT 5)
Adverbial clause of Time 时间状语从句
Place 地点状语从句
Reason 原因状语从句
Condition 条件状语从句
Purpose 目的状语从句
Result 结果状语从句
Manner 方式状语从句
Concession 让步状语从句
Contrast 比较状语从句
[Explanation]
本课的教学直接从概念入手，让学生首先明白什么是状语从句以及状语从句的分类。
Step 2 Nine kinds of adverbial clauses
In this part, the teacher helps the students clarify what they have already learned to reinforce their understanding of “adverbial clause”.
Detailed explanations are given below for the first two kinds, namely adverbial clause of time and place, the rest to find in the PPT.
Adverbial clause of Time 时间状语从句 (PPT 6-8)
conjunctions 连接词
when while before after until/till immediately directly whenever
as the moment the instant the minute by the time each time every time
Give some examples to each set of conjunctions:
when, while, as, before, after, until/till
While Jenny was doing the washing up, Jane was watching TV.
the moment, the instant, the minute
The instant I saw him, I knew I have seen him before.
by the time
The train had left by the time they rushed to the station.
each time, every time
Every time I went to visit him, he was playing computer games.
Each time we met with difficulties, they came to our help.
Adverbial clause of Place (PPT 9)
连接词：where, everywhere, anywhere
Examples:
Put the key where you can find it later.
Adverbial Clause of Reason (PPT 10-12)
Adverbial Clause of Condition (PPT13-14)
Adverbial Clause of Purpose (PPT15)
Adverbial Clause of Result (PPT16)
Adverbial Clause of Manner (PPT17)
Adverbial Clause of Concession (PPT18-21)
Adverbial Clause of Contrast (PPT22)
[Explanation]
这一部分主要是帮助学生梳理和总结他们已经学习过的有关状语从句的知识，通过一些例句进一步巩固对状语从句的理解。
Step 3 Reading and practice (PPT 23-24)
Read the dialogue in Part A on page 41 and fill in the blanks with conjunctions.
Read the passage in Part B on page 41 and fill in the blanks with conjunctions.
[Explanation]
充分利用书本上的材料, 对所学语法进行再一次的训练，这样就能更好地巩固状语从句。
Step 4 Homework
Review the grammar “adverbial clause”.
Finish C1 and C2 on page 120 of the workbook.
课件25张PPT。Grammar and usage
Unit3Overview of adverbial clauses Unit 3 课件描述：
本节课复习并总结状语从句：帮助学生梳理状语从句的知识，复习不同种类的状语从句。
Adverbial ClauseWhat is adverbial clause?
Definition: An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb.
Compare the two sentences:
Every morning he sits there.
Every morning he sits where there is a palm tree.Time 时间状语从句Adverbial ClausePlace 地点状语从句Reason 原因状语从句Condition 条件状语从句Purpose 目的从句Result 结果从句Manner 方式状语从句Concession 让步状语从句Contrast 比较状语从句Adverbial Clause of Time 时间状语从句连接词：
when while as before after until/till
immediately directly
the moment the instant the minute
by the time
each time every time whenever Adverbial Clause of Time 时间状语从句when while as before after until/till
While Jenny was doing the washing up, Jane was watching TV.
the moment the instant the minute
The instant I saw him, I knew I have seen him before.
by the time
The train had left by the time they rushed to the station.Adverbial Clause of Time 时间状语从句each time every time
Every time I went to visit him, he was playing computer games.
Each time we met with difficulties, they came to our help.Adverbial Clause of Place 地点状语从句连接词：
where everywhere anywhere
Put the key where you can find it later.
Everywhere they went, they were kindly received.Adverbial Clause of Reason 原因状语从句连接词：
because since as for
that in that now (that) seeing that considering thatAdverbial Clause of Reason 原因状语从句because since as for
—Why are you late?
—Because my car broke down on the way.
It was because my car broke down on the way that I was late.
You could help me with my homework since you’ve finished yours.
It must have rained, for the ground is wet.“because”从句强调原因;
常用来回答“why”的提问，
强调句中强调原因只能用because从句。“since” “as”从句表示的是显而易见的、或已知的原因;
强调的内容是主句。“for”从句表示的是附加、或者推断的原因。Adverbial Clause of Reason 原因状语从句that in that now (that) seeing that considering that
I’m happy that you’ve told the truth.
Some people say man differs from animals in that we have the ability to laugh.
Considering that his wife has just had a bad cold, he decided to go to the party alone.Adverbial Clause of Condition 条件状语从句条件状语从句真实条件句虚拟条件句连接词：
if, unless, so long as, in caseAdverbial Clause of Condition 条件状语从句If unless as long as in case
I will go to the party if I am invited.
I won’t go to the party unless invited.
On condition that provided that given that
We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean.
Given that the patients have some disabilities, we still try to enable them to be as independent as possible.条件从句中，一般现在时代表将来。Adverbial Clause of Purpose 目的状语从句连接词：so that in order that …
Speak louder so that everyone can hear you.
They started early in order that they could arrive home before dinner time.
连接词：lest for fear that …
We dare not play jokes on him lest he (should) be angry.
We stood under the tree quietly for fear that the bird (should) fly away.
Adverbial Clause of Result 结果状语从句连接词：so … that such … that
He was so angry that he yelled at me.
It was such a nice day that we picnicked on the grass.
So …, such … 置于句首，会引起倒装。
So angry was he that he yelled at me.
Such a nice day was it that we picnicked on the grass.
Adverbial Clause of Manner 方式状语从句连接词：as
You’d better take things as they are.
She lost her papers, just as I said she would.
连接词：as if as though 从句常用虚拟语气
He looked at me as if I were mad.
He acted as though he had been there before.
Adverbial Clause of Concession 让步状语从句连接词：
though although even if even though
Whether … or
while
no matter what/who/where/when/how …
Whatever whoever wherever whenever however
Adverbial Clause of Concession 让步状语从句连接词：though, although, even if, even though
Though he is young, he could solve the problem on his own.
Although he is a child, he could solve the problem on his own.
让步状语从句的倒装 we use “as” in the inverted sentence in order to refer to concession:
Try as he may, he never succeeds.
Fail as I did, I would not abandon my goal.
Young as he is, he could …Child as he is, he could …Adverbial Clause of Concession 让步状语从句连接词：whether … or …
Whether she be right or wrong, I love her all the same.
I’m going whether you like it or not.
连接词：while
While they are my neighbours, I don’t know them well.
While I’m willing to help, I don’t have much time available.
Adverbial Clause of Concession 让步状语从句连接词： no matter what/who/where/when/how …
whatever whoever wherever whenever howeverNo matter how cold it is, she always goes swimming.However cold it is, she always goes swimming.No matter what you do, don’t touch this switch.Whatever you do, don’t touch this switch.You can’t go in, no matter who you are.You can’t go in, whoever you are.Whatever, whoever, whichever还可以引导主语从句、宾语从句:
Buy whichever is the cheapest.
Whoever breaks the rule deserves a fine.Adverbial Clause of Contrast 比较状语从句连接词：
as than
She loves the dog more than he does.
The little girl wants to be as clever as her brother. Read the dialogue in Part A on page 41 and fill in the blanks with conjunctions.Answers:
1. when
2. since
3. so/as long as
4. as though
5. as
6. as
7. if
8. unless Read the passage in Part B on page 41 and fill in the blanks with conjunctions.Answers:
1. because 2. so that/in order that
3. when 4. in order that/so that
5. While/When 6. If
7. where 8. Although
9. If 10. before Homework Review the grammar.
2. Finish C1 and C2 on page 120 of the workbook. Thank you
