(共21张PPT)
句子成分及五种基本句型
Main Members of Sentences
主要句子成分
Other Members of Sentences
其他句子成分
Basic sentence patterns
5种基本句型
目
录
CONTENTS
2
3
1
Long and difficult sentences
长难句
4
Main Members of Sentences
句子主要成分
1
Subject 主语
I am the head of the family.
Seeing is believing.
To say is one thing, and to do is another.
The sun rises in the east.
5. What he said in the meeting impressed me a lot.
6. It is said that the elephant is round like a tree.
代词
动名词
不定式
名词
从句
主语:表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。
主语从句
皇上
(主语)
在谓语动词前
≈第一个词
1. She loves English.
2. He looks happy.
3. They are tired.
4. He can speak Chinese.
5. We didn’t finish homework yesterday.
loves
实义动词
looks
系动词
are
系动词
can speak
情态动词+V原
didn't finish
助动词+V原
谓语:说明主语“做什么”
Predicate谓语
一定是动词
皇后
(谓语)
一个句子只有一个
句型
1. 主语+ 谓语
谓语:说明主语“做什么”或“怎们样“
Predicate谓语
一个句子只有一个谓语动词
谓语动词
单个谓语
复合谓语
情态动词+ V原
have/be/do 助动词
may/can/should/will
have/has done
be doing / be done
实义动词
likes / loves/ runs
系动词
be
2 保
4 变
become, go, turn, grow
keep, remain, stay
5 感
look, sound, smell, taste, feel
句型
1. 主+ 谓
2. 主+系动词+ 表
I have a best friend. Her name is Jenny. We always look after each other. But she doesn’t like talking too much. She can keep quiet for a whole day.
谓语:说明主语“做什么”,放主语后。
谓语有人称和数的变化,也可以表达时态和语态。
单个实义动词
系动词
动词短语
助动词+动词原形
情态动词+动词原形
Let's find out the predicate 找谓语
皇后
(谓语)
皇上
(主语)
句子的主要成分
句型
1. 主+ 谓
2. 主+系动词+ 表
孩子
(宾语)
句型
1. 主+ 谓
2. 主+系动词+ 表
3. 主+谓+宾
1. Love me , love my dog.
2. I want to leave.
3. I like teaching English
4. We believe that success comes from hard work.
5. Father gave us some apple.
代词/名词
不定式
动名词
宾语:动作的承受者
代词/名词
宾语从句
Object 宾语
谓语动词之后
主语
谓语
间宾/人
直宾/物
口诀:直物间人
宾语:动作的承受者
Object 宾语
谓语动词之后
皇后
(谓语)
皇上
(主语)
妈妈说老大叫间接宾语,
老幺叫直接宾语
口诀:直物间人
句型
1. 主+ 谓
2. 主+系动词+ 表
3. 主+谓+宾
4. 主+谓+双宾
Objective complement 宾补
She asked the baby to stop crying.
谓语
宾语
宾语补足语
补语:补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分。
1. 主+ 谓
2. 主+系动词+ 表
3. 主+谓+宾
4. 主+谓+双宾
5. 主+ 谓+宾+宾补
宾语与宾补→主谓关系
Complement 补语
I found the book interesting.
He made the boy cry.
(2019江苏卷 )Lijiang will make the Chinese culture better known.
(2022 全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip more meaningful.
形容词
动词
补语:补充说明宾语
过去分词
形容词
宾语与宾补→主谓关系
I will send her an e-mail.
拆分1:she is an email
主 谓 双宾
He is finding this trip exciting.
拆分2:this trip is exciting
主 谓 宾 宾补
如何判断双宾和宾补?
宾语与宾补可用be链接
宾语与宾补→主谓关系
Dad lent Tom some money.
Mom gave me an apple.
Mom called me lazy.
Dad found Tom careless.
辨别“主谓双宾”和主谓宾宾补“
宾语与宾补可用be链接
拆分1:Tom is some money
主 谓 双 宾
拆分2:I am an apple
主 谓 双 宾
主 谓 宾 宾补
拆分3:I am lazy
拆分4:Tom is careless
主 谓 宾 宾补
Main Members of Sentences
句子主要成分
主语
谓语
宾 语
表语
补 语
Summary
口诀:直物间人
1. 主+ 谓
2. 主+ 谓+宾
3. 主+ 谓+双宾
4. 主+ +系动词+ 表
5. 主+ 谓+宾+宾补
简单句
Main Members of Sentences
句子主要成分相关练习
1
1.(2022 新高考II卷 )Getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
2. (2020 全国卷II)Taking part in a fruit picking activity on a farm is meaningful and rewarding.
3. (2022 全国乙卷 )By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches.
4. (2022 全国乙卷)What benefits most to their study is reading English books.
主语:表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。
v-ing短语
名词
主语从句
Let's find out the subject 找主语
v-ing短语
1.(2022全国甲卷)In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age.
2. (2022 新高考全国卷II)For them, it’s just normal.
3. (2020全国卷II)Failure to provide enough chaperones (监护人) will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.
4.(2020新课标山东卷 )Needless to say, they were deeply moved.(分词作表语)
情态动词+V原形
will+V原
be动词
be动词
Let's find out the predicate 找谓语
1.((2020全国卷II) Many young people don’t even realize it’s new.
2. (2022全国甲卷)Then I turned the page and continued.
3. (2022全国乙卷)Scottish National Portrait Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public.
宾语:动作的承受者
名词
名词短语
宾语从句
Let's find out the object 找宾语
火眼金睛:辨别基础句子类型
1. (2022 新高考Ⅰ卷) The train stopped suddenly.
2.(2023 新高考Ⅰ卷) I finished my report before class.
3. (2023 全国甲卷) Life here is simple but happy.
4. (2022 全国乙卷) The news made her sad.
5. (2023 全国乙卷) She teaches us English with great patience.
主谓
主谓宾
主系表
主谓宾宾补
主谓双宾
拆分:She is sad
拆分:We are English
Main Members of Sentences
句子主要成分
主语
谓语
宾 语
表语
补 语
Summary
口诀:直物间人
1. 主+ 谓
2. 主+ 谓+宾
3. 主+ 谓+双宾
4. 主+ +系动词+ 表
5. 主+ 谓+宾+宾补
简单句