2026年高考英语一轮复习 说明文阅读理解（含答案解析）

高考英语一轮复习 说明文阅读理解
一．阅读理解（共20小题）
1．（2025?湖北三模） Human responses to moral dilemmas （两难选择） can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT，according to a study published in Scientific Reports.The findings indicate that users may underestimate the extent to which their own moral judgments can be influenced by the chatbot.
Sebastian Krigel and colleagues asked ChatGPT multiple times whether it is right to sacrifice （牺牲） the life of one person in order to save the lives of five others.They found that ChatGPT wrote random statements arguing both for and against sacrificing one life，indicating that it is not biased towards a certain moral stance （立场）.
The authors then presented 767 U.S.participants，who were on average 39 years old，with a dilemma whether to sacrifice one person's life to save five others.Before answering，participants read a statement provided by ChatGPT arguing either for or against sacrificing one life to save five.Statements were from either a moral advisor or ChatGPT.After answering，participants were asked whether the statement they read influenced their answers.
Eighty percent of participants reported that their answers were not influenced by the statements they read.However，the authors found that the answers participants believed they would have provided without reading the statements were still more likely to agree with the moral stance of the statement they did read than with the opposite stance.This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT's statements on their own moral judgments.
The authors suggest that the potential for chatbots to influence human moral judgments highlights the need for education to help humans better understand artificial intelligence.They propose that future research should design chabots that either decline to answer questions requiring a moral judgment or answer these questions by providing multiple arguments and warnings.
（1）What are ChatGPT's answers to a certain moral stance？ 　 　
A．Inconsistent.
B．Valuable.
C．Creative.
D．Simple.
（2）What is learned about the participants？ 　 　
A．They admitted the power of ChatGPT.
B．They were interviewed by a moral advisor.
C．They were affected by ChatGPT unknowingly.
D．They were presented with different moral dilemmas.
（3）What is the last paragraph mainly about？ 　 　
A．Different findings of the study.
B．Future potentials for chatbots.
C．Major focuses of future education.
D．Solutions to the impact of chatbots.
（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text？ 　 　
A．ChatGPT Tends to Cause Moral Panics
B．ChatGPT：Is It Likely to Affect Our Life？
C．ChatGPT：Why Is It Making Us So Nervous？
D．ChatGPT Can Influence Human Moral Judgments
2．（2025?湖北三模） Scientists at Purdue University created the world's whitest paint — a discovery that not only adds yet another choice to the"which white should we paint this wall" dilemma，but also might help the climate crisis.
The paint was developed by Purdue mechanical engineering professor Xiulin Ruan and his team.It works through a passive cooling technology that offers great promises to reduce space cooling cost and global warming. "When we started this project seven years ago，we had saving energy and fighting climate change in mind，"Ruan said in a podcast （播客） episode of This Is Purdue.They wanted to create a paint that would reflect sunlight away from a building，dramatically decreasing the need for air conditioning.
Heating，cooling，and lighting account for 28 percent of the world's total greenhouse gas emissions.And overusing air conditioning can overwhelm a city's power grid and cause blackouts （停电）.In a Queens blackout in 2006，175，000 people were left without power，which lead to 40 deaths.This paint could effectively be an alternative to air conditioners in some places.
The paint reflects 98.1%of solar radiation while also giving out infrared （红外线的） heat.Because the paint takes in less heat from the sun than it gives out，a surface coated with this paint is cooled below the surrounding temperature without using power.Covering a roof area of 1，000 square feet with the paint could create 10 kilowatts of cooling power，the researchers found."That's more powerful than the air conditioners used by most houses，"Ruan told This Is Purdue.
You can't buy the paint just yet，but researchers are partnering with a company to put the paint on the market.While individual action to fight climate change can help save our planet，it's important to note that the vast majority of the world's greenhouse gas emissions can be traced back to 100 companies.Maybe we can douse（浇） those companies with this white paint，too — it could be worth a shot.
（1）What is known about the paint？ 　 　
A．It has different colors.
B．It doesn't cost much.
C．It uses heating technology.
D．It is climate﹣friendly.
（2）What is the Queens blackout mentioned to show？ 　 　
A．The poor management of power.
B．The significance of the paint.
C．The importance of air conditioning.
D．The result of global warming.
（3）Which aspect of the paint is talked about in Paragraph 4？ 　 　
A．Its application.
B．Its function.
C．Its composition.
D．Its disadvantage.
（4）What can be learned from the last paragraph？ 　 　
A．The quality of the paint needs improving.
B．The paint will bring profits to the 100 companies.
C．Researchers want to see the paint in commercial use.
D．Individual efforts matter in creating the whitest paint.
3．（2025?济宁二模） At first glance，the scientist Charles Darwin and the poet Emily Dickinson would seem to have little in common.In Natural Magic，literary scholar Renee Bergland seeks to convince the reader otherwise，interweaving the lives，work，and history of these two towering figures of the 19th century.In doing so，Bergland shows definitively that they shared deep sensibilities about the natural world.They were both keen observers in their own home gardens.For both，the "magic"of nature could be found in the physical and material rather than the supernatural.They found nature to be a place enchanted by its own mysteries，joys，and sorrows.
Taking the form of a joint biography（传记），Natural Magic alternates between Darwin and Dickinson over the course of 16 chapters，progressing simultaneously（同时地） in time.While Bergland offers comprehensive descriptions，building on the extensive work of other biographers and scholars，the book's own magic shines in the conversation created between its subjects' bodies of work.When viewed as part of a historical dialogue，Darwin and Dickinson amplify（阐发） each other's work，revealing the science in her poetry and the poetry in his science.
Natural Magic further situates both writers in the history of science as it developed from "natural philosophy"into specialized disciplines throughout the 19th century.Bergland lays extensive groundwork for the social and cultural forces that shaped each thinker in a time when the sciences and arts were more closely connected.
Bergland herself displays moments of beauty in her writing，particularly in her vivid descriptions of the wonder of scientific discoveries in the 19th century."Changing angles of sunlight，the unchanging stars，and...the bright colors of the great auroras lightened up the vastness of planetary space，"she writes，for example.
Ultimately，the book offers readers a historical and biographical look into the magic offered by the natural world as reflected in the works of two major 19th﹣century thinkers.Bergland concludes that in a time of climate crisis，we must recover this kind of dialogue across the sciences and the arts，emphasizing our shared sense of wonder in nature.
（1）What does Bergland aim to demonstrate about Darwin and Dickinson？ 　 　
A.Their inborn talents.
B.Their great achievements.
C.Their literary background.
D.Their unseen commonalities.
（2）What can be learned concerning Natural Magic？ 　 　
A.It creates dialogues between works.
B.It is a co﹣authored masterpiece.
C.It contradicts other scholars' views.
D.It focuses on natural philosophy.
（3）Which best describes Bergland's language in describing the wonder of scientific discoveries？ 　 　
A.Straightforward.
B.Academic.
C.Humorous.
D.Poetic.
（4）Which of the following might Bergland agree with？ 　 　
A.History should never be forgotten.
B.Nature should be treated with awe.
C.Wonder is the beginning of wisdom.
D.The dawn of science came too late.
4．（2025?泰安四模） In recent years，eatable water balls have emerged as a creative way to reduce plastic waste.These small，transparent balls，often referred to as "water pods，"hold drinking water inside a biodegradable cover made from natural materials like seaweed.Unlike plastic bottles that take centuries to break down，these eatable containers can melt in the mouth quickly or be turned into natural fertilizer，offering a promising alternative to address pollution.
The science behind eatable water balls relies on a process called spherification（球化技术），which was first applied in cooking experiments to shape liquids into round forms using special chemicals.While this method has been popularized in high﹣end restaurants for creating visually appealing dishes，scientists have adapted it for mass production to tackle global sustainability challenges.Each pod，typically holding 50﹣100 milliliters of water，is produced strong enough to be carried without breaking，making it convenient for people at sports events，festivals，or daily travel.
One of the most significant advantages of eatable water balls lies in their potential to dramatically cut down single﹣use plastic consumption.A study conducted by environmental researchers estimated that replacing just 10% of plastic bottles with eatable alternatives could remove over 5 billion plastic units annually，thus reducing ocean pollution and protecting marine ecosystems.Furthermore，the production process requires fewer fossil fuels compared to plastic manufacturing，contributing to lower carbon emissions and matching international climate goals outlined in agreements like the Paris Accord.
Despite their benefits，eatable water pods face challenges in widespread adoption.Critics say their production cost is high because the cover must be both strong and quick to break down naturally，making them less affordable for low﹣income populations.Plus，people may worry about cleanliness and feel uncomfortable with the idea of eating packaging，which requires education to shift consumer behavior.
In conclusion，eatable water balls represent a combination of innovation and sustainability，offering a real step toward a plastic﹣free future.As technology advances and social awareness grows，this novel solution may soon become a mainstream choice，reshaping how humanity interacts with one of its most vital resources differently﹣water.
（1）What can be learned about water pods from Paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.The containers are easy to break down.
B.The containers are made from recycled plastic.
C.They were first used to fight pollution.
D.They can replace natural fertilizer.
（2）Why are water pods eco﹣friendly according to the passage？ 　 　
A.They can be recycled into plastic materials easily.
B.They are recommended by the Paris Accord.
C.They enhance water flavor and safety.
D.They are produced with less energy.
（3）What makes it tough to employ water pods widely？ 　 　
A.Being inconvenient to carry and terrible flavor.
B.Costliness and denial of consumers.
C.The shortage of raw materials to make them.
D.The doubt of their safety.
（4）What can be learned from the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.Social awareness will affect the promotion of water pods.
B.The design of water pods conflicts with human needs.
C.Water pods are suitable for mainstream markets.
D.Water pods will change the feature of water.
5．（2025?皇姑区校级二模） While conducting a workshop on creativity，I gave each small group a small box of paper clips （回形针）.I invited each group to record as many different uses for a paper clip as they could in five minutes.Obviously，these third﹣grade student groups were able to generate multiple responses and the quality of those responses was all over the map.Their creativity was in full swing.
We often have this belief that when faced with a creative challenge，we need to generate a really good idea that will save the day.As a result，we focus on"the perfect idea"or"the best solution"without the necessity of generating lots of bad ones along the way.Yet producing unworkable，impractical，and worthless ideas is a necessary and essential part of the creative process.
One of the classic books，one that goes against the grain of what most writing instruction books do，is the incomparable Writing Down the Bones：Freeing the Writer Within by Natalie Goldberg.One of the finest pieces of advice in the book is for writers and anyone trying to generate creative thoughts to give themselves permission to create crappy （蹩脚的） ideas.
Creativity is based on the concept of producing multiple ideas—ideas without any restrictions，definitions，or limitations.When we imagine the quality of an idea，we limit its effectiveness.When we pre﹣assess thoughts in advance of putting them into action，we reduce their worth or ultimate use.The impacts are shocking.There is an idea that a sustained focus on producing only"good"or"perfect"ideas forces us into a"don't take any risks"mindset and significantly reduces our creative spirit.
The solution when faced with a creative challenge：generate overmuch ideas without regard to their appropriateness or usefulness.Some of those ideas will be possibilities and some will be useless.That's OK.Ultimately，know this：generating crappy ideas is an essential part of the creative process.It's your brain with its"pedal （踏板） to the metal".
（1）What does the author believe about the creative process？ 　 　
A.It must avoid taking any risks.
B.It requires some perfect ideas.
C.It's limited to practical solutions.
D.It should involve producing crappy ideas.
（2）Why does the author mention the book Writing Down the Bones in paragraph 3？ 　 　
A.To explain a rule.
B.To present a fact.
C.To prove an opinion.
D.To make a prediction.
（3）What impact does focusing on perfect ideas have on creativity？ 　 　
A.Enhancing risk﹣taking.
B.Limiting logical thoughts.
C.Destroying creative spirit.
D.Encouraging diverse thinking.
（4）What would be the best title for this text？ 　 　
A.How We Overcome Creative Blocks
B.Why It's Good to Have Crappy Ideas
C.The Ways of Generating Rich Creativity
D.The Importance of Increasing Writing Art
6．（2025?杭州二模） Plastic and cheap clothes are not a glorious legacy（遗产）.But a scientist exploring which items from our technological civilisation are most likely to survive for many millions of years as fossils（化石） has reached an ironic and instructive conclusion：Plastic and fast fashion will be our everlasting geological signature.
"Plastic will definitely be a signature"technofossil"，because it is incredibly durable，we are making massive amounts of it，and it gets around the entire globe，"says Sarah Gabbott，a University of Leicester expert on fossils."So wherever those future civilisations dig，they are going to find plastic."
Clothes will also make an abrupt entry into humanity's fossil record.Today，the world's growing population often wears mass﹣produced synthetic（合成的） clothing that are rapidly dumped and they are not as easily rotted as cotton and silk.
"We are making them in ridiculous amounts，"says Gabbott."We stick them into landfills（填埋场），which are like giant mummification tombs.It is already clear that much of modern fashion will end up being truly timeless."
Fossils are not just objects left behind，but also the traces of life's activity written into the rocks.Human activities，such as oil drilling and nuclear tests，will leave lasting scars.Humankind has also created many near﹣indestructible chemicals，such as dioxins and DDT.Given that similar molecules produced by bacteria have been found in rocks that are 1，600 m years old in Western Australia，these chemicals appear to be here to stay."And there is the graphite（石墨） used in pencils，"says Gabbott."It is endearing to think that it may be the drawings of children that may survive best of all：a pencil portrait，perhaps，of a family outside a house，with the sun shining and a rainbow arcing across the sky，"she says jokingly.
"The big message here is that the amount of stuff we are now making is eye﹣watering﹣it's off the scale，"says Gabbott.All of the stuff made by humans by 1950 was a small part of all the matter on Earth.But today it outweighs all plants and animals. "This raises serious questions for us all，"she says，"Do you need that？Do you really need to buy more？"
（1）What does the author think of the legacy mentioned in paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.Troubling.
B.Short﹣lived.
C.Technologically weak.
D.Environmentally harmless.
（2）What can be categorized as technofossils？ 　 　
A.Dinosaur bones.
B.Cotton clothing.
C.Nuclear waste.
D.Solid landfills.
（3）Why is"children's drawings""mentioned in paragraph 5？ 　 　
A.To highlight human creativity.
B.To celebrate modern technology.
C.To stress that warmth of life is here to stay.
D.To indicate that chemicals could be fossilized.
（4）What is Gabbott's primary concern？ 　 　
A.Biodiversity loss.
B.Geological record accuracy.
C.Technological progress.
D.Overproduction of material goods.
7．（2025?江西模拟） Like a literal breath of fresh air，so﹣called"micro﹣forests"represent a green practice，boosting the quality of life in many of the world's polluted and overcrowded urban centers.
These small areas of densely（稠密地） planted woodland trees，also known as mini﹣forests or pocket forests，allow communities to manage the effects of climate change in a small way，but offer enormous benefits to the environment and local people，as they restore soil，air and water quality.These mini﹣forests are proving a
magnet for various animal and plant species，which offer human beings the chance to learn more about nature.Magically becoming self﹣sustaining over time，they are a way to make reimagined urban life a reality.
Significantly，mini﹣forests，as one of their nonprofit facilitators SUGi outlines，serve to build social bonds in communities as well，as they come together to enjoy and sustain new natural settings.They can also regenerate and beautify neglected（被忽视的） plots in cities such as former basketball courts，and disused parking lots and playgrounds，for instance.
According to the UN's State of the World's Forests Report from 2020，over 440 million hectares（公顷）of forest have been lost to other uses since 1990.Now，more than half of the global population lives in urban areas，but the access to green spaces is limited.The good news is that micro﹣forests in cities can offer an important chance to fight against deforestation and enlarge green spaces.
Euro Neus details some of the many exciting micro﹣forests that have taken root globally.Nonprofit Earthwatch Europe，for instance，has planted 285 of them since 2022.Their plots are made up of 600 trees.A tree﹣planting program aiming to restore biodiversity and reintroduce native species，SUGi，has created 230 pocket forests in 52 cities around the world，from Toulouse in France，to Madrid in Spain，and Saint George in Romania.
（1）What does the underlined word "magnet"in paragraph 2 most probably mean？ 　 　
A.Something artificial.
B.Something appealing.
C.Something innovative.
D.Something simplified.
（2）How do micro﹣forests benefit a city according to the text？ 　 　
A.They improve urban land use.
B.They reduce traffic jams.
C.They popularize sports activities.
D.They ensure citizens' privacy.
（3）What is the data in paragraph 4 intended to stress？ 　 　
A.The fast pace of urbanization.
B.The need to control populations.
C.The importance of micro﹣forests.
D.The harm caused by deforestation.
（4）What is the last paragraph mainly about？ 　 　
A.Plans to further promote micro﹣forests.
B.Benefits of sustaining micro﹣forests.
C.Policies about micro﹣forest preservation.
D.Examples of creating micro﹣forests in cities.
8．（2025?河南模拟） Facing high employee turnover and an aging population，nursing homes have increasingly turned to robots to complete a variety of care tasks，but few researchers have explored how these technologies impact workers and the quality of care.A new study from a University of Notre Dame expert on the future of work finds that robot use is associated with increased employee retention（保留） and a higher quality of care.
Researchers drew on surveys of Japanese nursing homes taken in 2020 and 2022."Our research focused on Japan because it is a super﹣aging society that provides a good example of what the future would be like elsewhere﹣a declining population，a growing share of senior citizens and a declining share of working﹣age people，"said Yong Suk Lee，one of the researchers."We need to be ready for this new reality."
"We've found that robot adoption reduces quit rates by assisting care workers，"Lee said."This is important because turnover is a big concern in nursing homes.Workers typically experience a great deal of physical pain，particularly in their knees and back.The work is hard and the pay is low.So robot use was associated with employee retention."
Patients also benefited in facilities that used robots，according to the study.The nursing homes that Lee's team studied reported a decrease in the use of patient restraints（束缚） and in the bedsores that nursing home residents commonly suffer，largely because of a lack of mobility.
"By removing the physical pressure associated with certain tasks，robots may have made room for care workers to focus on tasks better suited for human beings，such as those involving human touch，"Lee said."Ultimately，robots can help workers provide a higher level of patient care."
This research provides critical insights into how societies can successfully address the challenges of caring for aging populations.It will help inform the work of the long﹣term care industry and help us better understand how technologies impact workers and patients.
（1）What made the researchers focus on Japan？　 　
A.Its harmonious society.
B.Its stable employment.
C.Its large aging population.
D.Its varied types of robots.
（2）Which of the following shows Lee's opinion？　 　
A.Care workers' salaries will increase significantly.
B.The use of patient restraints should be multiplied.
C.Robots can cooperate very well with care workers.
D.Robot use isn't associated with employee retention.
（3）What does the author say about the new research？　 　
A.It needs improving.
B.It is valuable.
C.It isn't a pioneering study.
D.It challenges the care industry.
（4）In which section of a newspaper is this text most likely to be found？　 　
A.Technology.
B.Sports.
C.Politics.
D.Culture.
9．（2025?东安区校级模拟） Here's a quick quiz.Person A does a favor for you.Person B asks you to do a favor for him.Who do you tend to like more？Surprisingly，the answer is Person
B.This quirk （怪癖） of human nature is known as the Ben Franklin Effect.
Benjamin Franklin came across the phenomenon in 1736 when serving as a clerk to the Pennsylvania Assembly.A powerful member didn't care for Franklin and threatened to make life miserable for him.What to do？Instead of winning him over with sweet talk，Franklin asked if he could borrow a rare and valuable book the man owned.This request altered the man's attitude and paved the way for their friendship.Franklin's takeaway： "He that has once done you a kindness will be ready to do you another，than he whom you yourself have obliged."
Several studies have confirmed this.But how can we explain the Ben Franklin Effect？Some psychologists refer to cognitive dissonance （失调）.It's difficult to hold two contradictory thoughts at the same time.It makes us uncomfortable.We resolve this tension by changing our mind. "I don't like Joe，but I am doing him a favor，" we might think. "So maybe I do like him."
While cognitive dissonance explains a lot，it alone doesn't explain the Ben Franklin Effect.One 2015 study found that it was，rather，the affiliative （亲和的） motive that the requests convey.That is，we humans want to maintain good relations with other humans，and one way to achieve this is by doing favors for others.This explains a lot about altruistic behavior.We like being useful and，by extension，we like those who give us the opportunity to do so.It's in our genes.
Yet there is much we still don't know about the Ben Franklin Effect.Does it apply equally across cultures？Is there a point beyond which asking a favor makes you less，not more likable？Asking to borrow a book is one thing；asking to borrow a car is another.
（1）Why does the author mention Benjamin Franklin's experience？ 　 　
A.To illustrate a dilemma in making choices.
B.To suggest a way of striking up friendships.
C.To stress the importance of strategic requests.
D.To introduce the origin of the Ben Franklin Effect.
（2）What is a reason for people's tendency to like those asking for favors？ 　 　
A.Reducing the tension caused by social contact.
B.Increasing the chance of getting help in return.
C.Avoiding the discomfort from conflicting thoughts.
D.Establishing a cooperative community of shared trust.
（3）What does the underlined word "altruistic" probably mean in paragraph 4？ 　 　
A.Selfless.
B.Impolite.
C.Aggressive.
D.Responsible.
（4）What does the author think of the Ben Franklin Effect？ 　 　
A.It makes little sense.
B.It applies to most cultures.
C.It has situational limitations.
D.It has great practical significance.
10．（2025春?河东区月考） Eleven of the world's languages have at least one hundred million native speakers.The biggest are Mandarin Chinese，English，Spanish，Arabic and Hindi.Next come Portuguese，Bengali，Russian，Japanese，French and German.The United Nations says these eleven languages are the mother tongues of half the world's population.
Bud Lane works with linguist（语言学家） Gregory Anderson to record words for a talking dictionary.But the world has close to seven thousand languages.Linguists predict that quite a lot of these may be at risk of disappearing by the end of this century.That would mean another language dies every two weeks.
Members of the Siletz Indian tribe in the northwestern state of Oregon take pride in their language.Their language，they say，"is as old as time itself".But today very few people can speak it fluently.In fact，you can count the number of fluent speakers on one hand.Bud Lane is one of them.Several National Geographic Fellows helped him record fourteen thousand words and phrases in his native tongue.More than ten thousand entries（词条） can be found in the Siletz Online Talking Dictionary，first launched（推出） in 2007.Smartphone apps，You Tube videos and Facebook pages have all become digital tools for language activists and experts.
In Canada's far north，the Inuit people are struggling to preserve their native language，Inuktitut.Part of the effort involves Microsoft.The company is translating terms in its Windows operating system and Office software into Inuktitut.Microsoft has also worked with language activists in New Zealand，Spain and Wales to translate its software into Maori，Basque，Catalan and Welsh.
In Oregon，Bud Lane says technology alone cannot save endangered languages.He points to one sign of progress：young members of the tribe are now texting each other in tribal language.
（1）What does the passage mainly talk about？ 　 　
A.The efforts to protect threatened languages.
B.The mother tongues of half the world's population.
C.The disappearance of some tribal languages.
D.A talking dictionary to save endangered languages.
（2）Which of the following languages is Bud Lane's tribal language？ 　 　
A.Inuktitut.
B.Siletz.
C.Maori.
D.Bengali.
（3）About how many languages may disappear on average in a year？ 　 　
A.6.
B.12.
C.24.
D.70.
（4）Where could we hear Siletz at any time？ 　 　
A.On the air.
B.On TV.C.On the tape.
D.On the Internet.
（5）How did Microsoft help to save the endangered languages？ 　 　
A.By teaching them on their company.
B.By recording them in a talking dictionary.
C.By using them in its software.
D.By giving money to the researchers.
11．（2025?广东模拟） When we're little，we learn that tigers and sharks are scary animals.They're big and strong，so we might be afraid of them.But as we grow up，we find out that sometimes the smallest animals can be the most dangerous.In fact，the animal that hurts the most people is one we all know：the mosquito.
Not all mosquitoes bite people.Male mosquitoes eat nectar from plants.But female mosquitoes need animal blood.When a female mosquito bites a person，it puts its saliva into the person's blood.This saliva might have a deadly disease in it.Sometimes the bite just makes you itch，but other times it can be very serious and even cause death.
Mosquitoes bite a lot of people in their lives.They can easily spread diseases from one person to another.Every year，over 700 million people get sick from these diseases，and at least 2 million people die from them.
Some people use mosquito nets over their beds to keep mosquitoes away.Mosquitoes also have natural enemies like bats，birds，dragonflies，and some fish.If we bring more of these animals to places where mosquitoes live，it might help reduce the number of mosquitoes.But this doesn't always work well.We can also use sprays or poisons to kill mosquitoes，but these can hurt other plants or animals too.
Even though mosquitoes don't look as scary as big animals，they're actually more dangerous to people.But things are changing.Scientists are working hard，and one day they might find a way to protect everyone from mosquitoes and the diseases they carry.
（1）Why does the passage mention dangerous animals like tigers and sharks？ 　 　
A.To compare different animals.
B.To lead into the topic about mosquitoes.
C.To show how dangerous tigers and sharks are.
D.To show people's misunderstanding of dangerous animals.
（2）What can we learn about mosquitoes？ 　 　
A.Female mosquitoes might transmit diseases to humans.
B.The saliva of female mosquitoes contains deadly diseases.
C.Male mosquitoes and female mosquitoes have the same eating habits.
D.More than 700 million people die from the diseases carried by the mosquitoes.
（3）What's paragraph 4 mainly about？ 　 　
A.Scientists are making efforts to kill mosquitoes.
B.Some useful measures are taken to kill mosquitoes.
C.There is no perfect solution to the mosquito problem.
D.Mosquitoes' natural enemies could protect human beings.
（4）What's the author's attitude towards the future of solving the mosquito problem？ 　 　
A.Doubtful.
B.Positive.
C.Unclear.
D.Negative.
12．（2025?鄢陵县三模）
Chinese AI Model DeepSeek﹣R1 Stuns the World
On January 20，2025，a Chinese tech company named DeepSeek unveiled its groundbreaking AI model，DeepSeek﹣RI.This advanced program，capable of solving complex math problems，writing code，and answering questions with remarkable accuracy，has been compared to top﹣tier models like Open AI's GPT﹣4 o.However，what sets DeepSeek﹣R1 apart is its cost﹣effectiveness.The development team spent only ＄5.58 million﹣just 1/70 of Open AI's budget﹣and utilized 2，048 computer chips over two months.This achievement demonstrates that innovation and ingenuity can triumph over massive financial resources.
DeepSeek﹣R1 employs a unique learning method.Unlike traditional AI models that rely heavily on pre﹣prepared datasets，R1 learns through trial and error，much like how students practice math problems.This self﹣improving capability allows it to outperform other models in certain areas.For instance，in a global math test，DeepSeek﹣R1 scored 79.8%，slightly higher than Open AI's model.Additionally，a simplified version of R1 can run on low﹣cost computers，making it accessible to schools and small businesses，thereby democratizing AI technology.
One of the most remarkable features of DeepSeek﹣R1 is its open﹣source nature.It is free to use and modify，encouraging global collaboration.On its first day online，over 19，000 programmers worldwide initiated projects to study and improve the model.A German scientist noted that experiments with R1 cost only 10 instead of＄300 with other AI models.Even a top scientist from Meta，a leading U.S.tech company，praised R1，stating，"This kind of free AI could change the world."
The success of DeepSeek﹣R1 has raised concerns among U.S.tech giants.Meta，for example，has announced plans to invest an additional ＄65 billion in AI research to stay competitive.Experts believe that China is rapidly closing the gap in AI technology.A report in Nature magazine hailed R1 as a"big step forward"，emphasizing that smart ideas can outperform expensive tools.
As one DeepSeek engineer said，"We want AI to be a friend，not something only rich people can use."RI exemplifies China's commitment to making AI accesible and affordable for all.It sends a powerful message to the world，Great achievements stem from creativity and hard work，not just financial power.With R1，China has not only advanced AI technology but also inspired a global movement toward inclusive and innovative solutions.
（1）What is the main advantage of DeepSeek﹣R1 compared to other AI models？ 　 　
A.It is more expensive to develop.
B.It requires more computer chips.
C.It is cost﹣effective and accessible.
D.It relies on pre﹣prepared datasets.
（2）What does"improves by itself"mean in the article？ 　 　
A.It copies answers from other AIs.
B.It becomes better through practice.
C.It needs programmers to fix mistakes.
D.It only works with expensive tools.
（3）What does the Nature magazine report say about DeepSeek﹣R1？ 　 　
A.It is a step backward in AI development.
B.It is too complex for global collaboration.
C.It proves that smart ideas can beat expensive tools.
D.It is only useful for schools and small companies.
（4）What message does DeepSeek﹣R1 send to the world？ 　 　
A.Great achievements require only money.
B.U.S.tech companies are unbeatable.
C.AI technology should remain exclusive.
D.Innovation and hard work lead to great things.
13．（2025?湖北三模） It has long been known that sleep plays a significant role in physical and emotional health.Now，a team of researchers from Oceania have published a new study in the Journal of Neuroscience that shows sleep helps people learn language.
According to a blog on Everywhere English，there are two phases that the brain cycles through when sleeping.The first is called REM sleep.During this phase，which usually happens about an hour and a half after a person has fallen asleep，brain activity increases and shows levels that are similar to when that person is awake.This is when dreams occur.In non﹣REM sleep，brain activity is low.
One might think that memory and learning are acquired when the brain is very active，but in fact，the researchers found that just the reverse is true.
The researchers conducted an experiment with 35 native English speakers，who were learning a mini﹣language called Mini Pinyin，which is based on Mandarin but uses English syntax and grammatical rules.
Half of the students learned the language in the morning and then went on with their days，while the other half studied in the evening and then slept at the lab so that the researchers could record their brainwaves.Both groups were tested on their knowledge of Mini Pinyin in the morning.The group that had slept soon after they studied performed significantly better than those who had not.
More importantly，the study reveals why this is the case.The improvements were linked to two types of brain waves —slow movements and sleep spindles（轴） —that become coupled during non﹣REM sleep.The coupling of these brainwaves appears to help the transfer of information from the hippocampus，which is regarded as the major sub﹣cortical central involvement of learning and memory，to the cortex，where long﹣term memory is stored.
"Sleep is not just restful；it's an active，trans﹣formative state for the brain，" said Dr.Scott Cousins，a researcher from the team.The implication of this study is not only important for those trying to learn a new language.It could also help improve the lives of those with language﹣related impairments，such as aphasia or Autism Spectrum Disorder.Now there is one more reason to get a good night's sleep.
（1）According to the new study，when do people memorize better？ 　 　
A．Within an hour after sleep.
B．During their dream time.
C．In non﹣REM sleep period.
D．In the first phase of sleep.
（2）What is known about the participants？ 　 　
A．Half of them slept in the lab to remember better.
B．They changed Mandarin Mini Pinyin into English.
C．All of them took the Mini Pinyin test in the morning.
D．The morning learners memorized better than the evening ones.
（3）Which aspect of the research does Paragraph 6 focus on？ 　 　
A．Method.
B．Conclusion.
C．Function.
D．Mechanism.
（4）What is a best title for the text？ 　 　
A．Sleep helps language acquisition.
B．REM and non﹣REM sleep.
C．Sleep cures language﹣related diseases.
D．Learning Mini Pinyin.
14．（2025?威海模拟） For decades，marketers of consumer goods designed eye﹣catching packaging，using bold colors，stylish text，cartoons，and illustrations to seize shoppers' attention.Conventional wisdom held that with thousands of products competing against one another in big﹣box stores and supermarkets，companies needed to do everything in their power to make their products stand out.
But recently，there's been a move toward simplicity，similar to minimalist（极简主义）art in the 1960s，which rejected complexity and favored abstraction by removing all unnecessary elements.A recent research explored whether shoppers actually prefer this packaging﹣and，if so，why.
First，researchers analyzed over 1，000 consumer goods，such as shampoo，and cereal，from the largest supermarket chain in the U.S.They found that products in simple packaging generally had higher retail prices than similar products that didn't，indicating that shoppers are willing to pay more for products in this packaging.
In a follow﹣up study，university students were asked to look at different packages and reported how much they were willing to pay，how many ingredients they thought the products might have and how pure they perceived（理解） the products to be.The results showed that the preference for simple packaging was due to the fact that pared﹣down designs sent a subtle yet powerful signal：purity.Participants were more likely to assume that the products contained fewer ingredients，along with fewer preservatives，added colors or artificial flavors，and were willing to fork over more cash for them﹣regardless of whether they actually contain fewer ingredients.
However，simple packaging design is not always effective.For generic brands（卖场自家品牌），typically sold at a lower price，the simplicity of the packaging may signal low quality rather than purity.
Shoppers' desires can also influence their preference.When people seek healthier options，they'll pay more for products with simple packaging.However，when consumers want to treat themselves to junk food，they'll be more likely to purchase products with complex packaging，which signals many ingredients and lower purity﹣qualities associated with more flavor.
（1）Traditionally，what products are more competitive？ 　 　
A.Ones with fancy designs.
B.Ones with green features.
C.Ones with costly wrappings.
D.Ones with healthy ingredients.
（2）The first study was designed to find out consumers' 　 　 .
A.buying power
B.shopping motives
C.pricing response
D.packaging preferences
（3）Why are people more likely to buy simply﹣packaged products according to the study？ 　 　
A.Because they seek rich flavors.
B.Because they want to save money.
C.Because they make health a priority.
D.Because they prefer well﹣known brands.
（4）Which is the best title for the passage？ 　 　
A.How Art Shapes Packaging
B.What You Should Check on Labels
C.When Designs Took a New Turn
D.Why You Like Minimalist Packaging
15．（2025?吕梁二模） If the other paintings in the room that houses Mona Lisa at the Louvre Museum in Paris could talk，they might be whispering"Good riddance（解脱）!"to one another right now.That's owing to the French government's announcement that the world's most famous painting is to be removed from the Salle des Etats and rehoused in its own space in the Louvre with a dedicated entrance.
This particular space，accessible independently from the rest of the museum，will allow Mona Lisa's conditions of exhibition，presentation and interpretation it deserves.The move that aims to relieve the Louvre's overcrowding problem isn't just great for Mona Lisa.It could also allow the dozens of other artworks in the Salle des Etats by the likes of Titian，Tintoretto and Veronese to finally receive their due.
"People have just been coming to check their 'I paid a visit to Mona Lisa's box'"，said Souleymane，a professor of French and philosophy at Columbia University who was appointed by the museum in 2024 to give a series of lectures about its art collection."And even if you go to that room with the intention of looking at the other paintings，you would be distracted（分散注意力） by Mona Lisa."The other major paintings in the space include Titian's Pastoral Concert，Tintoretto's The Coronation of the Virgin，and Veronese's The Wedding Feast at Cana，which is a huge painting that people don't look at because it's on the wall that faces Mona Lisa.
"The Wedding Feast at Cana is one of the treasures of the Louvre，"said Compagnon，a professor at the College de France and at Columbia University.Compagnon is also excited for visitors to be able to pay attention to his favorite painting in the room，Titian's Man with a Glove.
（1）Why is Mona Lisa being moved to a new space in the Louvre？　 　
A.To make room for an exhibition.
B.To make it convenient for experts to study it.
C.To improve its exhibition conditions and reduce overcrowding.
D.To highlight its importance as the world's most famous artwork.
（2）What is Souleymane's attitude towards the government's announcement？　 　
A.Doubtful.
B.Approving.
C.Cooperative.
D.Dismissive.
（3）Which of the following paintings is exhibited opposite to Mona Lisa ？　 　
A.Pastoral Concert.
B.The Coronation of the Virgin.
C.The Wedding Feast at Cana.
D.Man with a Glove.
（4）What does Compagnon imply about Mona Lisa？　 　
A.It deserves better protection.
B.It fails to live up to its fame.
C.It should be promoted through lectures.
D.It takes visitors' attention away from other exhibits.
16．（2025?柳南区校级模拟） Bacteria（细菌） know how to rough it out all over the earth.Ask most of them where they'd truly prefer to settle though，and a kitchen sponge（海绵） would probably top the list.Yes，it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates，which is warm，damp，and full of nutritious food pieces，is packed of tiny life.
Lingchong You，a biologist at Duke University，along with his team，used computers to model the complex environment of a sponge for a 2022 study.He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth.This holds significance as certain bacteria tend to grow independently while others demand the companionship of others.Within a sponge filled with holes and pockets，there exist such an abundance of diverse structures that everyone attains a state of satisfaction.
Nevertheless，it does not necessarily follow that these tools present a health risk to us as well.Bacteria exist everywhere and not all are harmful；in fact，many perform vital jobs.The important question is，therefore，are the bacteria found in sponges even worth worrying about？
In 2017，Jennifer Quinlan，a professor of food safety，and her colleagues，collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes，finding that only 1﹣2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria."The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness，and they're just going to make them smell."says Quinlan."Having said that，there is a possibility that if you use a sponge to wipe up raw meat that you could have some of those disease﹣causing bacteria on there，and studies have found that those bacteria can be separated from kitchen sponges."
This is not the whole story yet.If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene，the sponge's special make﹣up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply.And there's evidence this is the case.
（1）What can we learn from the first paragraph？ 　 　
A.Sponges are perfect tools in the kitchen.
B.Bacteria prefer to live in dry environment.
C.Kitchen sponges are good home for bacteria.
D.Bacteria affect kitchen sponges' performance.
（2）What did Lingchong You find in his study？ 　 　
A.How sponges are exactly structured.
B.What encourages bacterial growth.
C.How bacteria react to the environment.
D.Why bacteria keep company with each other.
（3）What does Quinlan think of bacteria on sponges？ 　 　
A.Relatively harmless.
B.Poorly adaptive.
C.Surprisingly unpleasant.
D.Widely distributed.
（4）What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph？ 　 　
A.Proofs of bacterial threat.
B.The classification of bacteria.
C.Methods to control bacterial growth.
D.Research into applications of bacteria.
17．（2025?辽宁三模） Kaiserstra?e is a new residential building currently under construction in Bluménau，Brazil.The project aims to promote connections between residents and the natural world.The project's name reflects the German historical influences of the city.In fact，the name comes from the street on which it is based，which was formerly known as Kaiserstra?e，or"The Emperor's Street."The buildings design appreciates the city's rich history while reflecting its path to innovation and modernity.
On the ground level，the building is entirely open.This allows for public access where people can interact.Visitors get to experience the building and get a feel for what the building is like to live in without entering the private spaces.They experience materiality of different surfaces，particularly the contrast of exposed concrete and natural plants.This gives the project a modern feel，while creating a connection to nature.Through the building's form，the designers ensured that each level would receive plenty of sunshine and natural airflow.
Each apartment features balconies（阳台） with a private pool and gardens.This plant life enhances biodiversity in the neighborhood and the area overall.Additionally，these balcony gardens create a microclimate on every level that reduces the urban"heat island"effect.This effect occurs when buildings and roads replace greenery（绿化） and land cover in urban areas.The buildings tend to absorb and give off a lot of heat，which results in pockets of heat called"heat islands."Besides its residential spaces，the building includes a gym，a toy library and a large private garden for residents，which features a playground and outdoor cooking space.
Because of its beautiful，environmentally﹣friendly design，Kaiserstra?e has become internationally recognized and has become the first building in the city of Blumenau to win an Architizer Award.The project received the award in the residential category for apartment buildings with less than 10 floors.
（1）What can be learned about Kaiserstra?e from paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.It is located in a commercial complex in Brazil.
B.It is named after a famous modern Brazilian site.
C.It focuses on minimizing interaction with nature.
D.It reflects historic roots and modern advancements.
（2）What makes the building visitor﹣friendly？ 　 　
A.Restricted viewing.
B.Limited natural light.
C.Engaging experience.
D.Tight security measures.
（3）Why does the author mention"heat islands"？ 　 　
A.To highlight cooling effects of gardens.
B.To boost biodiversity of the whole area.
C.To stress the importance of working out.
D.To emphasize the necessity of public areas.
（4）What does the text mainly talk about？ 　 　
A.Kaiserstra?e's diverse residents.
B.Kaiserstra?e's sustainable design.
C.Kaiserstra?e's significant history.
D.Kaiserstra?e's limited convenience.
18．（2025?鹰潭二模） Developing a new drug is a long，expensive，and high﹣risk process.On average，the process takes over ten years and costs more than ＄2 billion before a drug receives approval.Even then，success is far from guaranteed﹣each year，the U.S.Food and Drug Administration（FDA） approves only about 53 new drugs.Given these high risks，pharmaceutical（制药） companies are eager for breakthroughs.Long regarded as a game﹣changer，artificial intelligence（AI） is now beginning to deliver on its promise in drug discovery.
Before a drug reaches the market，it must undergo three critical phases of clinical（临床的） trials.Phase one primarily assesses safety，testing a small group of healthy volunteers to identify potential side effects.Phase two，often the most vital stage，evaluates both safety and effectiveness in a larger group of patients with the target disease.Only if successful does the drug proceed to phase three，where it is tested on an even broader population to confirm its benefits and monitor for rare side effects.
AI is already proving its value in this process.Insilico，an AI﹣driven biotech startup，has demonstrated its potential by identifying a drug target and designing a molecule（分子） suitable for human trials in just 18 months﹣at a cost of only＄2.7 million，a fraction of traditional costs.Encouragingly，AI﹣designed drugs are now advancing through clinical trials.In 2025，key results from phase﹣two trials will be revealed for several AI﹣developed treatments.According to Christoph Meier of BCG，AI could potentially double research and development productivity.If successful，four or five AI﹣designed drugs could advance to phase﹣three trials this year﹣a milestone for the industry.
Though AI has yet to shorten clinical trial timelines，its impact is already visible in cost reduction and smarter decision﹣making.Even a modest 20% decrease in failures at the phase﹣two stage could save nearly ＄450 million per drug，according to research from Cambridge University's Andreas Bender.With AI﹣driven innovation speeding up，the future of drug development looks more promising than ever.
（1）Why do pharmaceutical companies turn to AI？ 　 　
A.To improve the efficiency.
B.To guarantee the success.
C.To monitor the industry.
D.To deliver the promise.
（2）What is the feature of phase two？ 　 　
A.Critical.
B.Stable.
C.Costly.
D.Effective.
（3）What does the underlined word"fraction"in paragraph three mean？ 　 　
A.Majority
B.Set
C.Slice
D.Matter
（4）What can AI contribute to drug development according to the text？ 　 　
A.Cut down its costs.
B.Shorten its timeline.
C.Double its productivity.
D.Reduce its failures sharply.
19．（2025?浙江模拟） Recently，a TV series has sparked discussions on nostalgia among viewers through its representation of vivid scenes from everyday life in the early 2000s.On Mar 3，the much﹣anticipated TV series Northward aired on CCTV﹣1 and iQIYI.The series authentically depicts the hustle and bustle of a water town in the Jiangnan region，captivating a large audience.
Northward traces the life trajectories of six boys and girls living along the Beijing﹣Hangzhou Grand Canal.This group of childhood friends are loving neighbors who help each other pursue their dreams.Through the eyes of these aspiring youths，the audience can glimpse their love and affection for their hometown as well as the rise and fall of the Grand Canal.A number of families along the Grand Canal in the series used to make a living from the river shipping industry.However，since the opening of the Beijing﹣Shanghai Expressway in 2000，river shipping has been largely replaced by road transport，further impacting people's livelihoods along the canal.Upon graduation，some of these aspiring youths moved north to Beijing to fulfill their entrepreneurial dreams.After navigating the challenges of starting up businesses，they returned to their hometown to launch new ventures，spurred by the Grand Canal's inclusion in the World Heritage List in 2014.
The TV series immerses its audience in a mood of nostalgia with the Jiangnan﹣style courtyard residences，the vintage decor and furniture as well as the retro tones of its warm﹣colored cinematography.It also features a diverse array of local customs，food culture and other cultural elements，such as weddings on board boats and regional delicacies.
Northward is adapted from the novel of the same name written by Xu Zechen.The book won the 10th Mao Dun Literature Prize in 2019 and has already been adapted into stage plays and musicals.In his book，Xu vividly portrays life along the Grand Canal，which is reminiscent of scenes from the painting "Along the River During the Qingming Festival".Stories of bittersweet memories and dream﹣chasing journeys unfold against the vicissitudes of the canal's history，showcasing the changes in the Chinese spirit in an era of transition between tradition and modernity.In this sense，Northward serves as a microcosm of how a main artery has nurtured this nation for thousands of years and cultivated generations of Chinese people.
（1）What is the central theme explored through the characters' life journeys？ 　 　
A.The conflict between urban expansion and rural conservation
B.The preservation of cultural legacy through socioeconomic shifts
C.The psychological impact of technological displacement
D.The aesthetic evolution of regional architectural styles
（2）Which element primarily contributes to the show's nostalgic atmosphere？ 　 　
A.The symbolic use of water transportation metaphors
B.The integration of traditional ceremonial practices
C.The recreation of historical domestic environments
D.The documentation of fading industrial techniques
（3）It can be inferred that the characters' return to their hometown was motivated by 　 　 .
A.Government incentives for heritage conservation
B.Market saturation in metropolitan service industries
C.Emotional attachment to ancestral professions
D.Emerging opportunities in cultural revitalization
（4）The metaphor "main artery" in the final paragraph most directly refers to 　 　 .
A.The circulatory system sustaining national identity
B.The transportation network enabling economic exchange
C.The literary tradition preserving historical narratives
D.The hydrological cycle maintaining ecological balance
20．（2025?河南三模） It's been around for centuries，but up until very recently，Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） wasn't fully embraced outside of China.Proof of this is evident in The Treatment （《刮痧》），a 2001 film that tells the story of a Chinese man in the US who's accused of abuse after he employs guasha to cure his grandson's disease.
During the last decade or so，however，TCM has been gaining momentum across the world.A white paper released by the State Council Information Office on Dec 6 says this style of healthcare，which includes various forms of herbal medicine，acupuncture，mas﹣sage，exercise，and dietary therapy，has spread to 183 countries and regions.
The reason behind the growing acceptance of TCM is the increase of scientific research into it，according to Xinhua News Agency.Authorities in China have stepped up their research into TCM and are encouraging scientists to look for their next "miracle cure".Chinese researchers now publish 3，000 scientific papers every year，which deepen research into the different aspects of TCM.And after Tu Youyou，who isolated an anti﹣malaria drug，artemisinin，from sweet wormwood，an ingredient long used in traditional medicine，won the Nobel Prize in physiology，TCM was thrust into the international spotlight.
All these achievements in TCM don't mean it's problem free.Over the years，TCM has faced challenges in being able to prove the precise composition of certain drugs，as well as being able to maintain stable and consistent effects.
What's more important in the long run is convergence with Western medicine. "Bringing together Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine﹣that is，the leveraging of our collective expertise，rather than seeing the two approaches as being in competition—is where the potential for enormous impact lies，" said Bernhard Schwart﹣lander，World Health Organization representative in China.
（1）What is the purpose of Paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.To introduce the main topic.
B.To arouse readers' curiosity.
C.To conclude the main idea of the passage.
D.To explain why a Chinese man was accused.
（2）How does the author introduce the reason behind the growing acceptance of TCM？ 　 　
A.By stating opinions.
B.By quoting a saying.
C.By asking a question.
D.By giving examples.
（3）Which one is the challenge TCM is facing？ 　 　
A.Spreading to more countries.
B.Converging with Western medicine.
C.Encouraging people to apply TCM.
D.Competing with Western medicine.
（4）What can we know about TCM from Bernhard's words？ 　 　
A.A growing countries are accepting this style of healthcare.
B.The achievements of TCM don't mean it's problem free.
C.Combining Western medicine with TCM will have great impact.
D.Western medicine will compete with traditional Chinese medicine.
高考英语一轮复习 说明文阅读理解
参考答案与试题解析
一．阅读理解（共20小题）
1．（2025?湖北三模） Human responses to moral dilemmas （两难选择） can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT，according to a study published in Scientific Reports.The findings indicate that users may underestimate the extent to which their own moral judgments can be influenced by the chatbot.
Sebastian Krigel and colleagues asked ChatGPT multiple times whether it is right to sacrifice （牺牲） the life of one person in order to save the lives of five others.They found that ChatGPT wrote random statements arguing both for and against sacrificing one life，indicating that it is not biased towards a certain moral stance （立场）.
The authors then presented 767 U.S.participants，who were on average 39 years old，with a dilemma whether to sacrifice one person's life to save five others.Before answering，participants read a statement provided by ChatGPT arguing either for or against sacrificing one life to save five.Statements were from either a moral advisor or ChatGPT.After answering，participants were asked whether the statement they read influenced their answers.
Eighty percent of participants reported that their answers were not influenced by the statements they read.However，the authors found that the answers participants believed they would have provided without reading the statements were still more likely to agree with the moral stance of the statement they did read than with the opposite stance.This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT's statements on their own moral judgments.
The authors suggest that the potential for chatbots to influence human moral judgments highlights the need for education to help humans better understand artificial intelligence.They propose that future research should design chabots that either decline to answer questions requiring a moral judgment or answer these questions by providing multiple arguments and warnings.
（1）What are ChatGPT's answers to a certain moral stance？ 　A　
A．Inconsistent.
B．Valuable.
C．Creative.
D．Simple.
（2）What is learned about the participants？ 　C　
A．They admitted the power of ChatGPT.
B．They were interviewed by a moral advisor.
C．They were affected by ChatGPT unknowingly.
D．They were presented with different moral dilemmas.
（3）What is the last paragraph mainly about？ 　D　
A．Different findings of the study.
B．Future potentials for chatbots.
C．Major focuses of future education.
D．Solutions to the impact of chatbots.
（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text？ 　D　
A．ChatGPT Tends to Cause Moral Panics
B．ChatGPT：Is It Likely to Affect Our Life？
C．ChatGPT：Why Is It Making Us So Nervous？
D．ChatGPT Can Influence Human Moral Judgments
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写语句的影响。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现，最后提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段They found that ChatGPT wrote random statements arguing both for and against sacrificing one life，indicating that it is not biased towards a certain moral stance （立场）.（他们发现，ChatGPT会随机写出支持或反对牺牲一条生命的陈述，这表明它并不偏向于某种道德立场）可推知，ChatGPT对某种道德立场的回答不一致。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT's statements on their own moral judgments.（这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响）可知，参与者在不知不觉中受到了ChatGPT的影响。故选C。
（3）段落大意题。根据最后一段The authors suggest that the potential for chatbots to influence human moral judgments highlights the need for education to help humans better understand artificial intelligence.They propose that future research should design chabots that either decline to answer questions requiring a moral judgment or answer these questions by providing multiple arguments and warnings.（作者认为，聊天机器人影响人类道德判断的潜力凸显了教育的必要性，以帮助人类更好地理解人工智能。他们建议，未来的研究应该设计出要么拒绝回答需要道德判断的问题，要么通过提供多种论证和警告来回答这些问题的聊天机器人）可知，最后一段主要讲解决聊天机器人影响人类道德判断力的方法。A．Different findings of the study.不同的研究结果；B．Future potentials for chatbots.聊天机器人的未来潜力；C．Major focuses of future education.未来教育的重点；D．Solutions to the impact of chatbots.聊天机器人影响的解决方案。故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段Human responses to moral dilemmas （两难选择） can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT，according to a study published in Scientific Reports.（发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写语句的影响）以及倒数第二段This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT's statements on their own moral judgments.（这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响）结合文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现，最后提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。可知，D选项"ChatGPT可以影响人类的道德判断"最符合文章标题。故选D。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
2．（2025?湖北三模） Scientists at Purdue University created the world's whitest paint — a discovery that not only adds yet another choice to the"which white should we paint this wall" dilemma，but also might help the climate crisis.
The paint was developed by Purdue mechanical engineering professor Xiulin Ruan and his team.It works through a passive cooling technology that offers great promises to reduce space cooling cost and global warming. "When we start