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题型过关第3讲 阅读理解
一、通用解题步骤（黄金三步法）
1. 先题后文，标记关键词（1分钟）
读题干：圈出人名、地名、数字、专有名词等定位词，明确题目问什么（如“原因”“细节”“主旨”）。
不读选项：避免选项干扰对原文的理解。
示例：题干“ Why did the author go to the park ” → 关键词“why, author, park”，带着问题找答案。
2. 带着问题，扫读原文（3-5分钟）
定位信息：根据题干关键词，快速在原文中找到对应段落（通常题文同序，即第一题对应前几段，最后一题对应结尾）。
标记句子：用横线划出与题目相关的句子，方便核对。
3. 比对选项，精准排除（2-3分钟）
直接比对：将选项与原文划记句逐词对比，注意同义替换（如原文“happy”，选项“glad”）。
排除干扰项：
偷换概念（扩大/缩小范围，如原文“some”→选项“all”）；
无中生有（原文未提及的内容）；
反向干扰（与原文意思相反）。
二、分题型解题技巧
（一）细节理解题（占比40%-50%）
特征：题干含“what, when, where, who, how”等疑问词，或要求选择“正确/错误的选项”。
技巧：
关键词定位法：用题干中的数字、人名、地名直接定位原文句子。
例：题干“ How old is Tom ” → 原文找“Tom is 12 years old.” → 选含“12”的选项。
同义替换识别：正确选项常是原文的同义句（如原文“arrive at 8 am”→选项“get to at 8 in the morning”）。
（二）推理判断题（占比20%-30%）
特征：题干含“infer, suggest, probably, conclude”等词，要求根据原文信息“推断”而非直接找答案。
技巧：
忠于原文，不主观臆断：答案必须基于原文逻辑，不能用个人观点代替作者意图。
例：原文“Tom looked at his watch and ran to the bus stop.” → 可推断“Tom was late for the bus”（而非“Tom likes running”）。
注意语气词：如“maybe, perhaps, might”等，选项中若出现绝对词（must, never, all）通常错误。
（三）主旨大意题（占比10%-15%）
特征：题干含“main idea, best title, purpose”等词，要求概括全文或段落主旨。
技巧：
首尾句定位法：重点读首段首句（总起）和尾段尾句（总结），80%的主旨句在此处。
高频词法：文章反复出现的名词（如“environment, pollution”）通常是主题词，选项需包含主题词。
例：全文围绕“how to save water”展开，标题可能是“Ways to Save Water”。
（四）词义猜测题（占比10%）
特征：划线词为生词或熟词僻义，要求猜测其含义。
技巧：
上下文逻辑：
同义/近义：通过“and, or, that is”等连接词判断（如“Tom is clever, and his brother is also smart.” → “smart”=“clever”）。
反义对比：通过“but, however, unlike”判断（如“Unlike his brother, Tom is quiet.” → “unlike”表对比）。
词根词缀法：如“un-”表否定（happy → unhappy），“-ful”表“充满”（care → careful）。
三、避坑指南
不逐字翻译：阅读时抓“主干信息”（主谓宾），忽略无关细节（如长定语、插入语）。
警惕“绝对化选项”：选项中含“all, never, must, only”等词时，优先排除（除非原文明确提及）。
注意“时间陷阱”：如原文“过去做某事”，选项“现在做某事”则错误。
四、备考建议
每天2篇限时训练：控制在15-20分钟/2篇，训练快速定位能力。
精读真题：分析错题时，标注“定位句”和“干扰项错误原因”（如“偷换概念”）。
积累同义替换词：如“think”=“believe”=“consider”，“important”=“necessary”=“vital”。
总结口诀
“先题后文定关键词，扫读原文划线索；细节题找同义句，推理题不主观；主旨题看首尾句，词义猜测靠逻辑。”
一、阅读理解
Have you ever talked to a smartphone or something that helps to find information or complete tasks just like Baidu Well, the ChatGPT is a kind of thing like that, but it’s even smarter.
ChatGPT is a cool computer program that can answer questions and can have conversations with you. It can understand what you are saying and respond (反应) in a way. It was released (发布) by OpenAI in November 2022. They used a lot of information from books, websites and even movies to teach ChatGPT to talk to people.
Now the ChatGPT is ready to talk to you. You can ask it anything you want to know like “what’s the capital of France” or “what’s the biggest animal in the world”. But ChatGPT is more than just a searching machine. It can also have real conversations with you. You can ask it how it’s feeling or tell it a joke. ▲
ChatGPT is not just a fun program to talk to but it’s also a great tool to help you learn new things. Every time you ask the ChatGPT a question, you are increasing your knowledge (知识). Maybe you will discover a new hobby or find an answer to a question that has been bothering you for a while. But most importantly, using ChatGPT can be a lot of fun. It’s also like a knowledgeable teacher who can chat with you and answer your all kinds of questions.
But ChatGPT isn’t perfect. It cannot take the place of face-to-face communication. Some people will use it to cheat, so we should use it correctly.
1．The writer introduces the topic of ChatGPT by ________.
A．listing facts B．giving an example C．asking a question D．showing differences
2．Which of the following is the best for“ ▲ ”
A．It is quite a natural speaking machine. B．It can make you laugh when you are sad.
C．You can learn something new with ChatGPT. D．It makes a breakthrough in language understanding.
3．The underlined word “increasing” in Paragraph 4 means “________”.
A．adding B．sharing C．breaking D．deciding
4．According to passage, which of the following is true
A．ChatGPT was released by Open AI in December 2022
B．ChatGPT is just a searching machine.
C．ChatGPT is very creative and can do many things.
D．ChatGPT took the place of face-to-face communication.
5．The structure (结构) of this passage is ________.(①=Paragraph 1)
A． B． C． D．
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，通过定义、举例、对比等方式，客观介绍了ChatGPT的功能、应用场景与局限性，并强调其作为智能对话工具的学习价值与正确使用方式。
1．细节理解题。根据“Have you ever talked to a smartphone or something that helps to find information or complete tasks just like Baidu ”可知，作者通过提出一个问题来引入ChatGPT的话题。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据前文“But ChatGPT is more than just a searching machine. It can also have real conversations with you. You can ask it how it’s feeling or tell it a joke.”可知，ChatGPT不仅仅是一台搜索机器。它也可以和你进行真正的对话。你可以问它感觉如何，或者给它讲个笑话。由此可推测，B选项“它能让你在难过的时候开怀大笑。”符合语境。故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据“Every time you ask the ChatGPT a question, you are increasing your knowledge (知识).”可知，每次你问ChatGPT一个问题，你就增加了你的知识。由此可知，下划线的单词“increasing”的中文意思是“增加”，与adding互为近义词。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据“But ChatGPT is more than just a searching machine. It can also have real conversations with you. You can ask it how it’s feeling or tell it a joke.”和第四段中“ChatGPT is not just a fun program to talk to but it’s also a great tool to help you learn new things.”以及“It’s also like a knowledgeable teacher who can chat with you and answer your all kinds of questions.”可知，ChatGPT不仅是搜索引擎，还能对话、学习、解答问题，体现其多功能性与创造性。故选C。
5．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引入话题ChatGPT；第二到四段具体介绍ChatGPT；第五段讲ChatGPT的局限性，即文章结构如B图所示。故选B。
Build Your Own Straw Rocket!
What to prepareDon’t worry if you don’t have all these things. Get creative with what you have!
How to make itStep 1. Cover a piece of paper around your straw. Step 2. Glue one side of the paper to the other to make the body of the rocket. Make sure it can easily move up and down along the straw. Step 3. Cut out the fin pieces and fold (折叠) them along the dashed line (虚线). Glue them onto one end of the paper. Step 4. Twist the top of your rocket into a tip (尖端). After that, use sticky tape to keep it in place and cover any holes. Now, your rocket is finished! Tips To make your rocket fly, simply blow down the straw as hard as you can. You can try to make your rocket fly farther. What about using a wider straw Or try changing the shape of the fins.
6．What do you need to finish Step 2
①straw ②paper ③glue ④scissors ⑤sticky tape
A．①②③ B．①③⑤ C．②③④ D．②④⑤
7．Which of the following shows Step 3
A． B． C． D．
8．We can make the rocket fly farther by _______.
A．using wider sticky tape B．changing the colour of the fins
C．folding the straw in half D．blowing down the straw harder
9．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．You must have all the listed materials to build the straw rocket.
B．Different shapes of fins might affect how far the rocket can fly.
C．After building the rocket, you can only use the original straw to make it fly.
D．The fins are glued to the middle part of the paper rocket body.
10．In which section of the magazine would you probably read this text
A．Sports News. B．Job Wanted. C．Lost and Found. D．Do It Yourself.
【答案】6．A 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了制作吸管火箭所需的材料和制作的步骤。
6．细节理解题。根据原文“Step 2. Glue one side of the paper to the other to make the body of the rocket. Make sure it can easily move up and down along the straw.”可知，将纸的一侧粘到另一侧来制作火箭的身体，确保它可以轻松地沿着吸管上下移动，因此完成第二步需要吸管、纸、胶水。故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据原文“Step 3. Cut out the fin pieces and fold (折叠) them along the dashed line (虚线). Glue them onto one end of the paper.”可知，剪出尾翼，然后沿虚线折叠，将它们粘在纸的一端，参考第四步图片可知，C选项尾翼的朝向与最后成品一致。故选C。
8．细节理解题。根据原文“To make your rocket fly, simply blow down the straw as hard as you can.”可知，为了让火箭飞得更远，需要更用力地吹吸管。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据原文“You can try to make your rocket fly farther. What about using a wider straw Or try changing the shape of the fins.”可知，尾翼的形状可以影响飞的距离。故选B。
10．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了制作吸管火箭所需的材料和制作的步骤。故推测出我们可以从杂志的“自己动手”部分看到这篇文章。故选D。
Social media (社交媒体) has its good sides, but it can also bring some problems.
Have you ever been bored and decided to check your We Chat moments, only to find out that your best friend is at the Great Wall or one of your classmates is eating delicious noodles at your favorite restaurant, or one of your basketball teammates is visiting the giant pandas in Sichuan Have you had the feeling that others are enjoying life more than you are If your answers are both “Yes”, you are experiencing FOMO—the fear of missing out.
Researchers have found that over 75% of young people are experiencing FOMO from time to time. Social media is the main culprit for it. Because it is so easy today for people to see what their friends are doing, eating, buying and talking about. And they are afraid of missing out on important and new information when they are away from social networks. However, it is impossible for us to enjoy the same activities others are enjoying on social media. Failing to realize this truth, we often let FOMO lead us to compare our lives with those of others. This comparison leaves us feeling dissatisfied (不满的). However, our lives have both good and bad moments, but all we see on social media are the picture-perfect moments others share. FOMO also makes us check social media more often, which can cause feelings of sadness, loneliness and boredom.
So what should we do if we have FOMO Researchers advised that we face it and change our way of thinking. They also explained that taking part in social activities could help us realize that nothing bad was happening. What’s more, they suggested finding the joy in the present and not believing the unreal information or news on the Internet. “Take it as a chance to do what you really love, and turn your FOMO into your JOMO— joy of missing out,” one researcher said.
11．What is the main purpose of Paragraph 2
A．To show what FOMO is with examples.
B．To find out if people suffer from FOMO.
C．To ask questions about people’s daily lives.
D．To give examples about people’s using social media.
12．Which one can replace the word “culprit” in Paragraph 3
A．purpose B．cause C．result D．problem
13．Why does social media make people feel dissatisfied according to paragraph 3
A．Because our lives have both good and bad moments.
B．Because it leads us to compare our lives with those of others.
C．Because it is impossible for us to make friends by social media.
D．Because we can see the picture-prefect moments.
14．What are the right ways to deal with FOMO based on the last paragraph
①Join a voluntary group.
②Accept what you are having now.
③Check your friends’ We Chat moments from time to time.
④Develop your hobbies.
⑤Stop believing the news on the Internet.
A．③④⑤ B．②③⑤ C．①④⑤ D．①②④
15．What can be the best title of this passage
A．Social media: Good or bad B．FOMO: Friend or enemy
C．FOMO: Get out of it! D．Social media: Guard against it!
【答案】11．A 12．B 13．B 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了错失恐惧症的含义、表现以及建议。
11．推理判断题。根据“If your answers are both ‘Yes’, you are experiencing FOMO — the fear of missing out.”可知，通过具体例子 (朋友在长城、同学吃美食、队友看熊猫) 引出“当看到他人享受生活时，自己产生的缺失感”，从而解释什么是FOMO。即本段的主要目的是用例子表明什么是错失恐惧症。故选A。
12．词句猜测题。根据“Because it is so easy today for people to see what their friends are doing, eating, buying and talking about. And they are afraid of missing out on important and new information when they are away from social networks.”可知，因为今天人们很容易看到他们的朋友在做什么，吃什么，买什么，谈论什么。当他们远离社交网络时，他们害怕错过重要的新信息，因此这是表达社交媒体是造成错失恐惧症的主要原因。故划线单词“culprit”意为“原因”。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据“Failing to realize this truth, we often let FOMO lead us to compare our lives with those of others. This comparison leaves us feeling dissatisfied (不满的).”可知，因为它会让我们把自己的生活和别人的生活进行比较，故而导致不满。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据“Researchers advised that we face it and change our way of thinking. They also explained that taking part in social activities could help us realize that nothing bad was happening. What’s more, they suggested finding the joy in the present and not believing the unreal information or news on the Internet. ‘Take it as a chance to do what you really love’”可知，研究人员建议我们面对它，改变我们的思维方式。参加社会活动。在当下找到快乐，做真正热爱的事。因此解决错失恐惧症的方法是：①②④。故选D。
15．标题归纳题。根据“ ‘Take it as a chance to do what you really love, and turn your FOMO into your JOMO—joy of missing out,’ one researcher said”及全文可知，全文围绕 FOMO 的成因 (社交媒体引发比较)、危害 (不满情绪) 及解决方式 (积极应对) 展开，核心是如何摆脱 FOMO，故最佳标题为“错失恐惧症：摆脱它”。 故选C。
When we choose a house, we all want to have nice neighbors, because most of us think that they are helpful to our life. But what kind of neighbor is good The answers are different from person to person. Here are my answers.
First, it is very important to respect (尊重) each other. If our neighbors always want to know more about our life, how will we feel He or she may also talk with others about our life. Do you want to live with him or her The answer is “No”. We will feel very annoyed at having this kind of neighbors and move away quickly.
Next, a good neighbour is always ready to give us a hand when we are in need. For example, if we are not at home, our good neighbors will help us take care of the pets.
Finally, a good neighbour should love the environment. He or she never throws rubbish here and there, because the good environment can make us comfortable and happy.
I think we all should learn to be a good neighbour, and build a friendly community together!
16．How does the writer start the passage
A．By telling a story. B．By giving an example.
C．By asking a question. D．By giving a fact.
17．Why do we want to have nice neighbors
A．Because they can share food with us. B．Because they can help us.
C．Because they can make us feel safe. D．Because they can make our life colourful.
18．What will nice neighbors do
A．Nice neighbors will talk with others about our life.
B．Nice neighbors will want to know more about our life.
C．Nice neighbors will look after our pets when we are away.
D．Nice neighbors will never give us a hand.
19．The underlined word “annoyed” in Paragraph 2 means “________”.
A．angry B．lonely C．excited D．glad
20．What’s the structure (结构) of this passage (Paragraph 1 = ①, …)
A． B． C． D．
【答案】16．C 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，开篇指出人们选房时都想要好邻居，接着提出“什么样的邻居是好邻居”的问题，随后从相互尊重、乐于助人、爱护环境三个方面阐述好邻居的特质，最后呼吁大家做个好邻居，共建友好社区。
16．细节理解题。根据“When we choose a house, we all want to have nice neighbors... But what kind of neighbor is good ”可知，作者通过提出“什么样的邻居是好邻居”这一问题开篇，故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据“we all want to have nice neighbors, because most of us think that they are helpful to our life”可知，人们想要好邻居是因为他们对生活有帮助，即能帮助我们，故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据“a good neighbour is always ready to give us a hand when we are in need. For example, if we are not at home, our good neighbors will help us take care of the pets”可知，好邻居会在我们不在家时帮忙照顾宠物，故选C。
19．词句猜测题。根据“If our neighbors always want to know more about our life... He or she may also talk with others about our life... We will feel very annoyed at having this kind of neighbors and move away quickly”可知，邻居过度打探并谈论我们的生活，我们会想尽快搬走，由此可推测“annoyed”意为“生气的”，故选A。
20．篇章结构题。根据文章结构：第①段提出“想要好邻居”及“什么样的邻居是好邻居”的问题；第②—④段分别从相互尊重、乐于助人、爱护环境三个方面阐述好邻居的特质；第⑤段呼吁大家做个好邻居，共建友好社区，即“总—分—总”结构（①/②③④/⑤），结合选项，C选项符合。故选C。
Friends are very important in everyone’s life because friends are always there when we need them. It’s great to have many friends, and I can’t think of my life without my friends.
My name’s Molly. My best friend is Lisa. When I first met her, I was five. She is one year older than me. Now she’s in the same class with me, in the 8th grade. She is tall and quite thin. She has long curly blonde hair and blue eyes. I am not so beautiful. Sometimes I wish I could be as beautiful as she is. I am tall enough but a little fat.
Lisa and I like doing a lot of things together and talking about different things. She always helps me with my math and I sometimes help her with her English and history. I had to do a report on science once. But I didn’t understand what the teacher said correctly. The next day, I read my report in front of the class. But the teacher told me that my report was wrong and my classmates laughed at me. I felt very bad about myself. Lisa was the only one who didn’t laugh at me. She tried to be nicer than anybody else and make me happy.
I am a shy person and sometimes I feel that people don’t understand me. Lisa is friendly and everybody loves her. She is also smart and she can ________ everything. I am happy to have a friend like her.
21．When Molly first met Lisa, Lisa was ________ years old.
A．8 B．7 C．6 D．5
22．Why did Molly feel bad after reading the report
A．Because her classmates laughed at her.
B．Because she didn’t read it aloud.
C．Because Lisa did better than her.
D．Because the teacher didn’t understand her.
23．Which of the following words CANNOT describe Lisa
A．Popular. B．Friendly. C．Shy. D．Smart.
24．Which is the missing part in the last paragraph
A．write down B．deal with C．give up D．put away
25．What’s the passage mainly about
A．Molly and her teachers.
B．Molly and her family.
C．Molly and her classmates.
D．Molly and her best friend.
【答案】21．C 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．D
【导语】本文作者Molly主要介绍了自己和最好的朋友Lisa之间的故事。
21．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When I first met her, I was five. She is one year older than me.”可知，当Molly第一次见到Lisa时，Molly五岁，Lisa比她大一岁，由此推知，Lisa当时六岁。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But the teacher told me that my report was wrong and my classmates laughed at me. I felt very bad about myself.”可知，读完报告之后，Molly的心情很糟糕，因为她的同学嘲笑她。故选A。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Lisa is friendly and everybody loves her. She is also smart”可知，Lisa很受欢迎，很友好，也很聪明，由此推知，Lisa并不害羞。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据空前“She is also smart”可推知，她能应付所有事情，deal with“处理；应付”符合题意。故选B。
25．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文作者Molly主要介绍了自己和最好的朋友Lisa之间的故事。故选D。
“A friend in need is a friend indeed.” Friends are important to us. Friends help us get through hard times. Friends also influence us a lot. Let’s enjoy two poems about friendship.
To Wang LunI, Li Bai, sit aboard a ship about to go, When suddenly on shore your farewell songs overflow. However deep the Lake of Peach Blossoms may be, It is not so deep, O Wang Lun! As your love for me.
A Time to TalkBy Robert Frost When a friend calls to me from the road And slows his horse to a meaning walk, I don’t stand still and look around On all the hills I haven’t hoed, And shout from where I am, what is it No, not as there is a time to talk. I thrust my hoe in the mellow ground (把锄头插入松土). Blade (刀片)-end up and five feet tall. And plod (吃力行进): I go up to the stone wall for a friendly visit.
Both poems are famous in their cultures, but they tell different stories. Li Bai described the scene (场景) of his friend seeing him off. The U.S. poet Robert Frost wrote about a friend’s visit when he was working. Li made a comparison. His poem shows the friendship between him and his friend is deeper than the deep water. Frost’s poem, on the other hand, tells the readers that we should stop what we are doing to talk with our friends. It tells us that nothing should get in the way of spending time with friends. The language is simple but sincere.
26．What are friends according to the passage
①Friends who are in need. ②Friends are important to us.
③Friends influence us a lot. ④Friends help us get through hard times.
A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④
27．What scene did Li Bai mainly describe in the poem
A．Ships on the lake. B．Wang Lun seeing him off.
C．Peach blossoms. D．Songs sung by Wang Lun.
28．What is deeper than the Lake of Peach Blossoms in the first poem
A．Friendship. B．Culture. C．Meaning. D．Comparison.
29．According to Robert Frost, which one is the right way to treat someone we care about
A．Stand still and look around. B．Finish the work and then talk.
C．Stop and spend time with friends. D．Hoe hills and never shout.
30．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．The end of the friendship. B．The popularity of the poems.
C．The comparison of people. D．The analysis (分析) of the poems.
【答案】26．D 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要通过介绍李白的《赠汪伦》和罗伯特 弗罗斯特的《交谈时刻》两首诗歌，阐述友谊的相关内涵。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Friends are important to us. Friends help us get through hard times. Friends also influence us a lot.”可知，朋友对我们很重要，朋友帮助我们度过困难时期，朋友也对我们影响很大，②③④符合文意。故选D。
27．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Li Bai described the scene (场景) of his friend seeing him off.”可知，李白主要描述的是汪伦为他送行的场景。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据《赠汪伦》中“However deep the Lake of Peach Blossoms may be, It is not so deep, O Wang Lun! As your love for me.”可知，友谊比桃花潭的水更深。故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Frost’s poem, on the other hand, tells the readers that we should stop what we are doing to talk with our friends.”可知，对待在乎的人应该停下手中事和朋友相处。故选C。
30．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Both poems are famous in their cultures, but they tell different stories... The language is simple but sincere.”可知，最后一段是对两首诗歌的分析。故选D。
How do you feel when you have to make a speech in front of the class How do you feel when you go to a birthday party Do you get really shy It’s said that about eighty percent of the middle school students feel afraid to be the center of attention (关注). Some kids are born shy. Some become shy later because of their life experiences (生活经历).
It’s ok if you need some time to feel yourself again when you go to a new place or meet new people. In fact, everybody sometimes gets a little shy. Most people have red faces and talk in broken sentences when they get shy. But some are too shy. They won’t go to a restaurant because they are too nervous to order. Some are afraid to meet new people, so they don’t like to go outside. This kind of shyness can be bad for a person.
If shyness doesn’t stop you from doing anything you want to do, being shy isn’t a very big problem. Shy people are even cleverer because they think more and talk less. They are also good at working with others because they think more for other people. Some great people in history were shy, too.
You see, being shy isn’t all bad. But remember not to get good chances lost. If you have to sing a song at a birthday party or practice your spoken English in front of others, just do it! There’s nothing to be afraid of.
31．About ______ of the middle school students feel afraid of being the center of attention
A．50% B．60% C．70% D．80%
32．The underlined word “nervous” in Paragraph 2 means ______.
A．bored B．worried C．relaxed D．easy
33．What kind of shyness can be bad
A．You find it very hard to enjoy yourself at a party day
B．You feel a little nervous when you go to a new place
C．You have a red face when you answer questions in class.
D．You’re afraid to meet new people so you don’t go outside.
34．Why are some shy people cleverer
A．Because shy people think more and talk less.
B．Because they think more for others.
C．Because some great people in history were shy, too.
D．Because they are good with people.
35．What is the best title for this passage
A．Are you shy before others B．How to be popular with others
C．Find out what you’re like D．Being shy, good or bad
【答案】31．D 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了害羞的表现、成因及其影响，并指出适度的害羞并非坏事，但过度害羞可能带来负面影响。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“It’s said that about eighty percent of the middle school students feel afraid to be the center of attention.”可知，约80%的中学生对成为关注中心感到害怕。故选D。
32．词句猜测题。根据文章第2段“They won’t go to a restaurant because they are too nervous to order.”结合上下文可知，“nervous”与“worried”语义相近，表示因害羞而产生的紧张情绪。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“Some are afraid to meet new people, so they don’t like to go outside. This kind of shyness can be bad for a person.”可知，因害怕见人而不外出，这种害羞可能对个人有害。故选D。
34．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“Shy people are even cleverer because they think more and talk less.”可知，害羞的人更聪明，是因为他们思考更多、说话更少。故选A。
35．最佳标题题。全文围绕害羞的利弊展开，既提到适度害羞的积极面，也指出过度害羞的负面影响。选项D“Being shy, good or bad ”最能概括全文主旨。故选D。
MBTI is a personality (性格) test. Many people are very interested in it now. “Am I an ‘I’ person or an ‘E’ person ” “I” means introverted (内向的) while “E” means extroverted. A number of people take the test to find out the answer.
They find the test helpful. The MBTI test puts people into 16 kinds. People can know what kind of people they are by taking the test. It can help people have a better understanding of their personality. A greater self-understanding can be helpful in daily life and for interpersonal communication (人际交往), such as choosing a job or getting along with others.
There are also some problems. Some people take the test for a second time and get different results. Some people find it difficult to answer some questions. For example, I like watching TV at home by myself. But I also enjoy going camping with my friends. Am I an “I” person or an “E” person
“Personalities can change with time, and they are not black and white,” scientists say. You may be introverted now but become extroverted when you get older. Or, you can be both of them. You can be anyone you want to be!
36．What does the underlined word “extroverted” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．倔强的 B．外向的 C．有个性的 D．内向的
37．What can people use MBTI for
①Choosing a job. ②Fighting with others.
③Making good friends. ④Understanding themselves better.
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④
38．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To tell people personalities can change with time.
B．To ask people to do the MBTI test.
C．To show people the MBTI test is not good.
D．To introduce the MBTI test.
39．Where is the passage probably from
A．A storybook. B．A website. C．A travel guide. D．A novel.
40．According to the passage, what is a possible problem with the MBTI test
A．It always gives accurate (精确的) results.
B．Some people get different results when they take it a second time.
C．It can only test introverted people.
D．It costs a lot of money.
【答案】36．B 37．D 38．A 39．B 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了MBTI性格测试的相关内容，包括其定义、作用、存在的问题以及科学家对于性格的看法。
36．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“‘I’ means introverted (内向的) while ‘E’ means extroverted.”可知，“I”代表内向，“E”与“I”相对，代表外向。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It can help people have a better understanding of their personality. A greater self-understanding can be helpful in daily life and for interpersonal communication (人际交往), such as choosing a job or getting along with others.”可知，MBTI测试可以帮助人们更好地了解自己，这对于日常生活和人际交往（如选择工作或与他人相处）都有帮助。①Choosing a job.（选择工作）和④Understanding themselves better.（更好地了解自己）均符合文意，而③Making good friends.（交好朋友）与getting along with others.（与他人相处）意思相近，也符合文意，②Fighting with others.（与他人打架）与文意不符。故选D。
38．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘Personalities can change with time, and they are not black and white,’ scientists say.”可知，本段主要讲述了科学家对于性格的看法，即性格会随时间而变化，不是非黑即白的。故选A。
39．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了MBTI性格测试的相关内容，这种内容更可能出现在网站上，而不是故事书、旅游指南或小说中。故选B。
40．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Some people take the test for a second time and get different results.”可知，有些人第二次参加测试时得到了不同的结果，这是MBTI测试可能存在的问题之一。故选B。
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第2页，共2页/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
题型过关第3讲 阅读理解
一、通用解题步骤（黄金三步法）
1. 先题后文，标记关键词（1分钟）
读题干：圈出人名、地名、数字、专有名词等定位词，明确题目问什么（如“原因”“细节”“主旨”）。
不读选项：避免选项干扰对原文的理解。
示例：题干“ Why did the author go to the park ” → 关键词“why, author, park”，带着问题找答案。
2. 带着问题，扫读原文（3-5分钟）
定位信息：根据题干关键词，快速在原文中找到对应段落（通常题文同序，即第一题对应前几段，最后一题对应结尾）。
标记句子：用横线划出与题目相关的句子，方便核对。
3. 比对选项，精准排除（2-3分钟）
直接比对：将选项与原文划记句逐词对比，注意同义替换（如原文“happy”，选项“glad”）。
排除干扰项：
偷换概念（扩大/缩小范围，如原文“some”→选项“all”）；
无中生有（原文未提及的内容）；
反向干扰（与原文意思相反）。
二、分题型解题技巧
（一）细节理解题（占比40%-50%）
特征：题干含“what, when, where, who, how”等疑问词，或要求选择“正确/错误的选项”。
技巧：
关键词定位法：用题干中的数字、人名、地名直接定位原文句子。
例：题干“ How old is Tom ” → 原文找“Tom is 12 years old.” → 选含“12”的选项。
同义替换识别：正确选项常是原文的同义句（如原文“arrive at 8 am”→选项“get to at 8 in the morning”）。
（二）推理判断题（占比20%-30%）
特征：题干含“infer, suggest, probably, conclude”等词，要求根据原文信息“推断”而非直接找答案。
技巧：
忠于原文，不主观臆断：答案必须基于原文逻辑，不能用个人观点代替作者意图。
例：原文“Tom looked at his watch and ran to the bus stop.” → 可推断“Tom was late for the bus”（而非“Tom likes running”）。
注意语气词：如“maybe, perhaps, might”等，选项中若出现绝对词（must, never, all）通常错误。
（三）主旨大意题（占比10%-15%）
特征：题干含“main idea, best title, purpose”等词，要求概括全文或段落主旨。
技巧：
首尾句定位法：重点读首段首句（总起）和尾段尾句（总结），80%的主旨句在此处。
高频词法：文章反复出现的名词（如“environment, pollution”）通常是主题词，选项需包含主题词。
例：全文围绕“how to save water”展开，标题可能是“Ways to Save Water”。
（四）词义猜测题（占比10%）
特征：划线词为生词或熟词僻义，要求猜测其含义。
技巧：
上下文逻辑：
同义/近义：通过“and, or, that is”等连接词判断（如“Tom is clever, and his brother is also smart.” → “smart”=“clever”）。
反义对比：通过“but, however, unlike”判断（如“Unlike his brother, Tom is quiet.” → “unlike”表对比）。
词根词缀法：如“un-”表否定（happy → unhappy），“-ful”表“充满”（care → careful）。
三、避坑指南
不逐字翻译：阅读时抓“主干信息”（主谓宾），忽略无关细节（如长定语、插入语）。
警惕“绝对化选项”：选项中含“all, never, must, only”等词时，优先排除（除非原文明确提及）。
注意“时间陷阱”：如原文“过去做某事”，选项“现在做某事”则错误。
四、备考建议
每天2篇限时训练：控制在15-20分钟/2篇，训练快速定位能力。
精读真题：分析错题时，标注“定位句”和“干扰项错误原因”（如“偷换概念”）。
积累同义替换词：如“think”=“believe”=“consider”，“important”=“necessary”=“vital”。
总结口诀
“先题后文定关键词，扫读原文划线索；细节题找同义句，推理题不主观；主旨题看首尾句，词义猜测靠逻辑。”
一、阅读理解
Have you ever talked to a smartphone or something that helps to find information or complete tasks just like Baidu Well, the ChatGPT is a kind of thing like that, but it’s even smarter.
ChatGPT is a cool computer program that can answer questions and can have conversations with you. It can understand what you are saying and respond (反应) in a way. It was released (发布) by OpenAI in November 2022. They used a lot of information from books, websites and even movies to teach ChatGPT to talk to people.
Now the ChatGPT is ready to talk to you. You can ask it anything you want to know like “what’s the capital of France” or “what’s the biggest animal in the world”. But ChatGPT is more than just a searching machine. It can also have real conversations with you. You can ask it how it’s feeling or tell it a joke. ▲
ChatGPT is not just a fun program to talk to but it’s also a great tool to help you learn new things. Every time you ask the ChatGPT a question, you are increasing your knowledge (知识). Maybe you will discover a new hobby or find an answer to a question that has been bothering you for a while. But most importantly, using ChatGPT can be a lot of fun. It’s also like a knowledgeable teacher who can chat with you and answer your all kinds of questions.
But ChatGPT isn’t perfect. It cannot take the place of face-to-face communication. Some people will use it to cheat, so we should use it correctly.
1．The writer introduces the topic of ChatGPT by ________.
A．listing facts B．giving an example C．asking a question D．showing differences
2．Which of the following is the best for“ ▲ ”
A．It is quite a natural speaking machine. B．It can make you laugh when you are sad.
C．You can learn something new with ChatGPT. D．It makes a breakthrough in language understanding.
3．The underlined word “increasing” in Paragraph 4 means “________”.
A．adding B．sharing C．breaking D．deciding
4．According to passage, which of the following is true
A．ChatGPT was released by Open AI in December 2022
B．ChatGPT is just a searching machine.
C．ChatGPT is very creative and can do many things.
D．ChatGPT took the place of face-to-face communication.
5．The structure (结构) of this passage is ________.(①=Paragraph 1)
A． B． C． D．
Build Your Own Straw Rocket!
What to prepareDon’t worry if you don’t have all these things. Get creative with what you have!
How to make itStep 1. Cover a piece of paper around your straw. Step 2. Glue one side of the paper to the other to make the body of the rocket. Make sure it can easily move up and down along the straw. Step 3. Cut out the fin pieces and fold (折叠) them along the dashed line (虚线). Glue them onto one end of the paper. Step 4. Twist the top of your rocket into a tip (尖端). After that, use sticky tape to keep it in place and cover any holes. Now, your rocket is finished! Tips To make your rocket fly, simply blow down the straw as hard as you can. You can try to make your rocket fly farther. What about using a wider straw Or try changing the shape of the fins.
6．What do you need to finish Step 2
①straw ②paper ③glue ④scissors ⑤sticky tape
A．①②③ B．①③⑤ C．②③④ D．②④⑤
7．Which of the following shows Step 3
A． B． C． D．
8．We can make the rocket fly farther by _______.
A．using wider sticky tape B．changing the colour of the fins
C．folding the straw in half D．blowing down the straw harder
9．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．You must have all the listed materials to build the straw rocket.
B．Different shapes of fins might affect how far the rocket can fly.
C．After building the rocket, you can only use the original straw to make it fly.
D．The fins are glued to the middle part of the paper rocket body.
10．In which section of the magazine would you probably read this text
A．Sports News. B．Job Wanted. C．Lost and Found. D．Do It Yourself.
Social media (社交媒体) has its good sides, but it can also bring some problems.
Have you ever been bored and decided to check your We Chat moments, only to find out that your best friend is at the Great Wall or one of your classmates is eating delicious noodles at your favorite restaurant, or one of your basketball teammates is visiting the giant pandas in Sichuan Have you had the feeling that others are enjoying life more than you are If your answers are both “Yes”, you are experiencing FOMO—the fear of missing out.
Researchers have found that over 75% of young people are experiencing FOMO from time to time. Social media is the main culprit for it. Because it is so easy today for people to see what their friends are doing, eating, buying and talking about. And they are afraid of missing out on important and new information when they are away from social networks. However, it is impossible for us to enjoy the same activities others are enjoying on social media. Failing to realize this truth, we often let FOMO lead us to compare our lives with those of others. This comparison leaves us feeling dissatisfied (不满的). However, our lives have both good and bad moments, but all we see on social media are the picture-perfect moments others share. FOMO also makes us check social media more often, which can cause feelings of sadness, loneliness and boredom.
So what should we do if we have FOMO Researchers advised that we face it and change our way of thinking. They also explained that taking part in social activities could help us realize that nothing bad was happening. What’s more, they suggested finding the joy in the present and not believing the unreal information or news on the Internet. “Take it as a chance to do what you really love, and turn your FOMO into your JOMO— joy of missing out,” one researcher said.
11．What is the main purpose of Paragraph 2
A．To show what FOMO is with examples.
B．To find out if people suffer from FOMO.
C．To ask questions about people’s daily lives.
D．To give examples about people’s using social media.
12．Which one can replace the word “culprit” in Paragraph 3
A．purpose B．cause C．result D．problem
13．Why does social media make people feel dissatisfied according to paragraph 3
A．Because our lives have both good and bad moments.
B．Because it leads us to compare our lives with those of others.
C．Because it is impossible for us to make friends by social media.
D．Because we can see the picture-prefect moments.
14．What are the right ways to deal with FOMO based on the last paragraph
①Join a voluntary group.
②Accept what you are having now.
③Check your friends’ We Chat moments from time to time.
④Develop your hobbies.
⑤Stop believing the news on the Internet.
A．③④⑤ B．②③⑤ C．①④⑤ D．①②④
15．What can be the best title of this passage
A．Social media: Good or bad B．FOMO: Friend or enemy
C．FOMO: Get out of it! D．Social media: Guard against it!
When we choose a house, we all want to have nice neighbors, because most of us think that they are helpful to our life. But what kind of neighbor is good The answers are different from person to person. Here are my answers.
First, it is very important to respect (尊重) each other. If our neighbors always want to know more about our life, how will we feel He or she may also talk with others about our life. Do you want to live with him or her The answer is “No”. We will feel very annoyed at having this kind of neighbors and move away quickly.
Next, a good neighbour is always ready to give us a hand when we are in need. For example, if we are not at home, our good neighbors will help us take care of the pets.
Finally, a good neighbour should love the environment. He or she never throws rubbish here and there, because the good environment can make us comfortable and happy.
I think we all should learn to be a good neighbour, and build a friendly community together!
16．How does the writer start the passage
A．By telling a story. B．By giving an example.
C．By asking a question. D．By giving a fact.
17．Why do we want to have nice neighbors
A．Because they can share food with us. B．Because they can help us.
C．Because they can make us feel safe. D．Because they can make our life colourful.
18．What will nice neighbors do
A．Nice neighbors will talk with others about our life.
B．Nice neighbors will want to know more about our life.
C．Nice neighbors will look after our pets when we are away.
D．Nice neighbors will never give us a hand.
19．The underlined word “annoyed” in Paragraph 2 means “________”.
A．angry B．lonely C．excited D．glad
20．What’s the structure (结构) of this passage (Paragraph 1 = ①, …)
A． B． C． D．
Friends are very important in everyone’s life because friends are always there when we need them. It’s great to have many friends, and I can’t think of my life without my friends.
My name’s Molly. My best friend is Lisa. When I first met her, I was five. She is one year older than me. Now she’s in the same class with me, in the 8th grade. She is tall and quite thin. She has long curly blonde hair and blue eyes. I am not so beautiful. Sometimes I wish I could be as beautiful as she is. I am tall enough but a little fat.
Lisa and I like doing a lot of things together and talking about different things. She always helps me with my math and I sometimes help her with her English and history. I had to do a report on science once. But I didn’t understand what the teacher said correctly. The next day, I read my report in front of the class. But the teacher told me that my report was wrong and my classmates laughed at me. I felt very bad about myself. Lisa was the only one who didn’t laugh at me. She tried to be nicer than anybody else and make me happy.
I am a shy person and sometimes I feel that people don’t understand me. Lisa is friendly and everybody loves her. She is also smart and she can ________ everything. I am happy to have a friend like her.
21．When Molly first met Lisa, Lisa was ________ years old.
A．8 B．7 C．6 D．5
22．Why did Molly feel bad after reading the report
A．Because her classmates laughed at her.
B．Because she didn’t read it aloud.
C．Because Lisa did better than her.
D．Because the teacher didn’t understand her.
23．Which of the following words CANNOT describe Lisa
A．Popular. B．Friendly. C．Shy. D．Smart.
24．Which is the missing part in the last paragraph
A．write down B．deal with C．give up D．put away
25．What’s the passage mainly about
A．Molly and her teachers.
B．Molly and her family.
C．Molly and her classmates.
D．Molly and her best friend.
“A friend in need is a friend indeed.” Friends are important to us. Friends help us get through hard times. Friends also influence us a lot. Let’s enjoy two poems about friendship.
To Wang LunI, Li Bai, sit aboard a ship about to go, When suddenly on shore your farewell songs overflow. However deep the Lake of Peach Blossoms may be, It is not so deep, O Wang Lun! As your love for me.
A Time to TalkBy Robert Frost When a friend calls to me from the road And slows his horse to a meaning walk, I don’t stand still and look around On all the hills I haven’t hoed, And shout from where I am, what is it No, not as there is a time to talk. I thrust my hoe in the mellow ground (把锄头插入松土). Blade (刀片)-end up and five feet tall. And plod (吃力行进): I go up to the stone wall for a friendly visit.
Both poems are famous in their cultures, but they tell different stories. Li Bai described the scene (场景) of his friend seeing him off. The U.S. poet Robert Frost wrote about a friend’s visit when he was working. Li made a comparison. His poem shows the friendship between him and his friend is deeper than the deep water. Frost’s poem, on the other hand, tells the readers that we should stop what we are doing to talk with our friends. It tells us that nothing should get in the way of spending time with friends. The language is simple but sincere.
26．What are friends according to the passage
①Friends who are in need. ②Friends are important to us.
③Friends influence us a lot. ④Friends help us get through hard times.
A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④
27．What scene did Li Bai mainly describe in the poem
A．Ships on the lake. B．Wang Lun seeing him off.
C．Peach blossoms. D．Songs sung by Wang Lun.
28．What is deeper than the Lake of Peach Blossoms in the first poem
A．Friendship. B．Culture. C．Meaning. D．Comparison.
29．According to Robert Frost, which one is the right way to treat someone we care about
A．Stand still and look around. B．Finish the work and then talk.
C．Stop and spend time with friends. D．Hoe hills and never shout.
30．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．The end of the friendship. B．The popularity of the poems.
C．The comparison of people. D．The analysis (分析) of the poems.
How do you feel when you have to make a speech in front of the class How do you feel when you go to a birthday party Do you get really shy It’s said that about eighty percent of the middle school students feel afraid to be the center of attention (关注). Some kids are born shy. Some become shy later because of their life experiences (生活经历).
It’s ok if you need some time to feel yourself again when you go to a new place or meet new people. In fact, everybody sometimes gets a little shy. Most people have red faces and talk in broken sentences when they get shy. But some are too shy. They won’t go to a restaurant because they are too nervous to order. Some are afraid to meet new people, so they don’t like to go outside. This kind of shyness can be bad for a person.
If shyness doesn’t stop you from doing anything you want to do, being shy isn’t a very big problem. Shy people are even cleverer because they think more and talk less. They are also good at working with others because they think more for other people. Some great people in history were shy, too.
You see, being shy isn’t all bad. But remember not to get good chances lost. If you have to sing a song at a birthday party or practice your spoken English in front of others, just do it! There’s nothing to be afraid of.
31．About ______ of the middle school students feel afraid of being the center of attention
A．50% B．60% C．70% D．80%
32．The underlined word “nervous” in Paragraph 2 means ______.
A．bored B．worried C．relaxed D．easy
33．What kind of shyness can be bad
A．You find it very hard to enjoy yourself at a party day
B．You feel a little nervous when you go to a new place
C．You have a red face when you answer questions in class.
D．You’re afraid to meet new people so you don’t go outside.
34．Why are some shy people cleverer
A．Because shy people think more and talk less.
B．Because they think more for others.
C．Because some great people in history were shy, too.
D．Because they are good with people.
35．What is the best title for this passage
A．Are you shy before others B．How to be popular with others
C．Find out what you’re like D．Being shy, good or bad
MBTI is a personality (性格) test. Many people are very interested in it now. “Am I an ‘I’ person or an ‘E’ person ” “I” means introverted (内向的) while “E” means extroverted. A number of people take the test to find out the answer.
They find the test helpful. The MBTI test puts people into 16 kinds. People can know what kind of people they are by taking the test. It can help people have a better understanding of their personality. A greater self-understanding can be helpful in daily life and for interpersonal communication (人际交往), such as choosing a job or getting along with others.
There are also some problems. Some people take the test for a second time and get different results. Some people find it difficult to answer some questions. For example, I like watching TV at home by myself. But I also enjoy going camping with my friends. Am I an “I” person or an “E” person
“Personalities can change with time, and they are not black and white,” scientists say. You may be introverted now but become extroverted when you get older. Or, you can be both of them. You can be anyone you want to be!
36．What does the underlined word “extroverted” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．倔强的 B．外向的 C．有个性的 D．内向的
37．What can people use MBTI for
①Choosing a job. ②Fighting with others.
③Making good friends. ④Understanding themselves better.
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④
38．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To tell people personalities can change with time.
B．To ask people to do the MBTI test.
C．To show people the MBTI test is not good.
D．To introduce the MBTI test.
39．Where is the passage probably from
A．A storybook. B．A website. C．A travel guide. D．A novel.
40．According to the passage, what is a possible problem with the MBTI test
A．It always gives accurate (精确的) results.
B．Some people get different results when they take it a second time.
C．It can only test introverted people.
D．It costs a lot of money.
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