2026人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册基础练--UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS（含答案与解析）
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2026人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
全卷满分150分 考试用时120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What will the weather be like tomorrow
A.Rainy. B.Sunny. C.Windy.
2.How does the woman probably feel
A.Patient. B.Sorry. C.Annoyed.
3.What is the man buying
A.A chair. B.A ladder. C.A bookcase.
4.What are the speakers mainly talking about
A.Where to apply for jobs. B.How to deal with stress.
C.When to go shopping.
5.Why was the woman's credit card canceled
A.She had a poor income. B.She got into heavy debt.
C.She made late payment.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What is the woman
A.A customer. B.A salesperson. C.A store manager.
7.What does the man suggest the woman do
A.Make a complaint. B.Let go of her anger.
C.Call the police.
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
8.What does the woman ask the man to do
A.Fix a time. B.Drop her off on the way.
C.Take her dress to the cleaner's.
9.What day is it today
A.Friday. B.Saturday. C.Sunday.
10.What will the speakers do on Sunday
A.Buy tickets. B.Watch the football game.
C.Attend the wedding ceremony.
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
11.Why does the woman choose to stay in the UK
A.It provides opportunities.
B.Her parents want her to stay.
C.She doesn't like her home country.
12.What will the woman do next
A.Go to a research center. B.Study in the office.
C.Ask for advice.
13.What are the speakers talking about
A.Their parents. B.A career plan.
C.Working experience.
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
14.What is this competition about
A.Saving energy at home.
B.Reducing noise pollution.
C.Using technology creatively.
15.What is the stone used for
A.Starting the machine. B.Increasing air pressure.
C.Producing carbon dioxide.
16.What is the liquid coming from carbon dioxide in the dishwasher designed to do
A.Clean the dishes. B.Start the machine.
C.Give pressure to the stone.
17.Why does the woman come to the man
A.To discuss the way of writing a paper.
B.To find the right material for a model.
C.To study the approach to detailed drawings.
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
18.When did Manfred Steiner gain his medical degree
A.In 1951. B.In 1955. C.In 2000.
19.What did Steiner's professor think of him
A.Determined. B.Generous. C.Stubborn.
20.What is Steiner's plan for his future
A.To publish his story.
B.To offer advice on success.
C.To help the professors in Brown.
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
It is that time of the year, when a handful of the world's leading scholars, social activists and researchers are rewarded with what is often cited as the most prestigious acknowledgement of human efforts—the Nobel Prize. Here's a look at who has won the prize and for what.
Physiology or Medicine
Swedish geneticist Svante P bo won the first Nobel Prize of 2022, for starting the field of ancient DNA studies. He is well-known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones.
Physics
Alain Aspect, John F.Clauser and Anton Zeilinger's work in quantum(量子) technology landed them the second Nobel Prize announced in 2022. Although Aspect is from France, Clauser from the U.S., and Zeilinger from Austria, the three separately performed “groundbreaking experiments” as one team. “Their results have cleared the way for new technology,” the committee stated.
Chemistry
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to another trio(三人组), Carolyn R. Bertozzi from the U.S., Morten Meldal from Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless from the U.S. “for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry,” the committee stated. Dr. Bertozzi is the eighth woman chemist to be awarded the prize, while Dr. Sharpless is the fifth scientist to be awarded two Nobel Prizes.
Economic Sciences
The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises,” the Nobel Prize committee announced on Monday. By studying the history of American economics, particularly the Great Depression of the 1930s, they improved how we understand the role of banks during times of hardship and the bank's impact on societal functions.
21.What prize is related to the research on bones
A.Physics. B.Economic Sciences.
C.Chemistry. D.Physiology or Medicine.
22.For what study did Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig win the prize
A.The study about societal functions.
B.The study about the history of America.
C.The study about banks and financial crises.
D.The study about the Great Depression of the 1930s.
23.What do the prizes in physics, chemistry and economic sciences have in common
A.They have three winners.
B.They help people understand hardship.
C.They improve new technology.
D.Their winners are from different countries.
B
Ada Lovelace was born on December 10th 1815. Ada's mother and father (the famous poet Lord George Gordon Byron) parted just weeks after she was born. Her mother feared that she would grow up with her father's changeable nature. To stop this from happening, Ada was forced by her mother to learn science and mathematics, which was unusual for women at the time. She was also punished if her work was not up to standard. However, she was greatly interested in mathematics and science and would perhaps have learned about them on her own.
Ada was partially disabled and as a result spent much time studying. Ada knew of her mother's thought about keeping the creative side of her from germinating(萌芽). However, as Ada herself is known to have said, “If you can't give me poetry, can't you give me poetical science ” Ada got married at 19, to William King who was made the Earl of Lovelace in 1838, at which point she became Lady Ada King, the Countess of Lovelace, but was known as Ada Lovelace. Ada and King had a relatively happy marriage, with King even encouraging his wife's love of numbers.
During her youth, Ada was introduced to the Scot, Mary Somerville, who was known as the “Queen of 19th Century Science” and was the first woman to be accepted into the Royal Astronomical Society. It was through Mary Somerville that Ada first heard of Charles Babbage's idea for a new calculating(计算) engine. Attracted by this idea, Ada began a period of letter-writing with him that would come to decide her professional life.
Ada met Babbage when she was around 17 and the two became close friends. Babbage was working on an “Analytical Engine”, something he was designing to deal with complex calculations. Ada was later asked to translate an article. She not only translated the article but added pages and pages of notes, calculations and innovations(新事物). Her notes were published in 1843 and it turned out that what she had written was so original. It is now seen as the first comprehensive comment on what would become modern-day computer programming. Although impressive, Ada was not actually given credit for the article until 1848.
24.What happened to Ada in her childhood
A.She was pushed to learn scientific knowledge.
B.She had to compare herself with other women.
C.She gave up learning because of her father.
D.She was greatly cared for by her father.
25.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean
A.Ada thought poetry was boring.
B.Ada believed poetry was harder than science.
C.Ada thought science was creative.
D.Ada was interested in both science and poetry.
26.What decided Ada's professional life
A.The support of the Royal Astronomical Society.
B.Her communication with Babbage.
C.Her husband's encouragement.
D.Somerville's suggestions.
27.What did Ada do after she met Babbage
A.She taught people how to program.
B.She invented an “Analytical Engine”.
C.She praised Babbage's achievements.
D.She translated an article and developed it.
C
Weather researchers are using artificial intelligence (AI) systems to improve existing weather prediction methods. But, experts say the AI tools currently face limitations and should be used along with traditional prediction methods to be most effective. AI systems trained to predict, or forecast weather events are now being used by many government agencies and organizations worldwide. Such systems aim to produce weather predictions faster and at a lower cost than traditional forecasting methods.
One weather predicting system that has shown promise is the Google-financed GraphCast method. This machine learning-based system trains directly on weather data that has already been collected and examined. Such methods have demonstrated an ability to outperform traditional forecasting systems. The system works by combining past weather predictions with modern forecasting models to provide the most complete picture of weather and climate.
In Europe, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has been using AI prediction tools since January. The organization provides detailed weather forecasts four times per day to nations across Europe.
The ECMWF technology is called the Artificial Intelligence/Integrated Forecasting System (AIFS). The group describes the system as a “data-driven” forecasting model. It is designed to make many predictions quickly, including for extreme events involving powerful storms and heatwaves. AI-supported data from the ECMWF correctly predicted intense rains last month across parts of Europe that resulted in widespread flooding. But while the predictions were right, destruction caused by the flooding could not be avoided.
Experts told Reuters this is largely because it is still difficult to gather and fully utilize (利用) some collected weather data. In addition, there is a need to strengthen and improve current AI models used to predict weather.
Andrew Charlton-Perez is a professor of meteorology—the scientific study of weather processes—at the University of Reading in Britain. He told Reuters, “In some cases, AI models can beat physics-based models, but in other cases vice versa(反之亦然).” Charlton- Perez said he thought the best use of AI-based weather forecasts would be to use them in combination with traditional weather predicting tools. This, he noted, could utilize AI data to produce weather predictions based on large sets of information collected from different sources.
28.What's the advantage of the AI weather predicting system
A.It provides detailed weather forecasts frequently.
B.It can avoid extreme events including heatwaves.
C.It can predict weather conditions faster at a lower cost.
D.It is used in all walks of life without limitations.
29.What is the purpose of the AIFS
A.To avoid national floods.
B.To forecast disaster-caused destruction.
C.To provide timely data.
D.To predict weather events quickly.
30.What can we know about the prediction of AI-supported data from the ECMWF
A.It's time-consuming. B.It's precise.
C.It's much easier. D.It's worldwide.
31.How can AI improve the weather forecast
A.By combining AI with traditional methods.
B.By using AI prediction tools collectively.
C.By making use of the GraphCast method.
D.By gathering a lot of current weather data.
D
Everything's bigger in Texas, where even 3D printers take on a huge appearance. Soon, it will be the site of the world's first 3D-printed hotel, El Cosmico, which has just begun construction in the desert north of Marfa.
Passersby won't see the framework that typically comes with construction. Photos of the site show a massive 46.5-foot-wide and 15.5-foot-tall 3D printer laying layer upon layer of sand-colored material onto the foundations, creating sand-colored walls. This enormous machine, called Vulcan, was developed by the Texas-based 3D printing and robotics company ICON. It looks like “an inkjet printer with a cartridge (墨盒) going back and forth,” Liz Lambert, El Cosmico's owner, described it.
The project is cooperation between Lambert, ICON and architects at Bjarke Ingels Group. Lambert seeks to expand the existing El Cosmico hotel, adding 43 new units and 18 residential homes on a new 40-acre property. According to ICON, 3D printing will provide new ways to build and offer greater flexibility in architectural designs. “I've never been able to build with such little restriction...” Lambert tells Reuters' Evan Garcia. “It's an incredible way to build.”
Images of the hotel's inside reveal cream-colored walls and rounded wooden surfaces full of colors that reflect the surrounding desert. The structures' walls are made of a class of concrete called “lavacrete”, a low-carbon material created by ICON, which has the compressive strength(压缩强度) of 2,000 to 3,500 pounds per square inch. The mixture also uses local Texas materials colored to “fit into the landscape of Marfa,” as Lambert tells Reuters.
ICON was founded in 2017, and its technology has been used to build 3D-printed homes in Texas and Mexico, where residents have commented on the strength of their walls and their insulation(隔绝) from the sun. The company also adopts the technology to help address America's affordable housing crisis. In 2020, ICON constructed several houses for the Community First! Village in Austin for homeless people run by the nonprofit Mobile Loaves & Fishes.
Construction on the new hotel is scheduled to conclude in 2026, and the existing location will be open until 2025.
32.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.The distinctive features of 3D printing.
B.The amazing appearance of the 3D printer.
C.The framework of the traditional construction.
D.The process of building a 3D-printed hotel.
33.How does Lambert feel about 3D printing
A.Appreciative. B.Pessimistic.
C.Cautious. D.Indifferent.
34.Why are the local Texas materials used
A.To cut down on transportation costs.
B.To integrate into the surroundings.
C.To enhance the safety of the hotel.
D.To protect the natural environment.
35.What can we infer about ICON
A.It is a non-profit organization devoted to 3D printing.
B.It never employed 3D printing before building the hotel.
C.It has built 3D-printed homes securing positive feedback.
D.It uses 3D printing to solve America's luxury housing crisis.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to become a scientist
Be curious. Scientists choose to become scientists because they are curious about the world around them and how the things in it work. This curiosity leads them to investigate the things behind what they see.
36 Becoming a scientist takes a long time. There are very few careers that take longer than this one. Even when you're done with your education, you still have to get research under your belt. If you're an instant-gratification(即时满足的) type of person, this may not be the right career for you.
Be diligent and persevere. It's been said that jobs in science are the lowest paid in the US. What this is getting at is that because of the long path to success, for a while you won't be living lavishly(奢侈地). 37
Have the need to always keep learning. 38 Whether it's reading peer-reviewed journals, attending seminars, or working toward getting your work published, you'll always be learning. 39 In those years of waiting for results, you need to constantly be looking for the smallest changes in what you expect to see. Your eyes need to be focused and ready at all times.
Think differently. Think back to Newton's apple falling on his head or Archimedes' jumping into his tub and displacing water. Most people would think nothing of these events, but these men saw something else, something no one else was seeing at the time. 40
A.Observation skills are also necessary.
B.Be patient with climbing the career ladder.
C.Things are going to be tough for a while.
D.Then you're probably made of the right stuff.
E.As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
F.Actually what every scientist does is seek out knowledge.
G.To make progress in human knowledge, you have to think differently.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Careers in science are generally believed to be too complex for students who aren't talented or clever enough, but Scott Kelly, former commander of the International Space Station, would prove it's wrong.
As a kid, he was absent-minded and 41 in science and all other subjects as well. He couldn't 42 what the teachers said in class. Therefore, he earned terrible grades and 43 graduated from high school, and he even thought he would never 44 his dreams.
That all 45 when he picked up the film The Right Stuff, Tom Wolfe's classic account of the pioneering Americans who first explored space. 46 , he was determined to be an astronaut, which meant doing well in 47 class. So from that day on, he 48 his mind to do well in it.
After so many years of daydreaming, it wouldn't be 49 . But he started regarding study as a game. The more he 50 his study skills, the better grades he got. Eventually, it became a(n) 51 with himself to see how good he could get. Then the former 52 started getting straight A's in science, which is 53 for those who want to be an astronaut.
So we need to stop 54 the idea that science is just too hard. Everyone can learn this stuff—he just needs to be 55 to do the work.
41.A.uninterested B.absorbed
C.engaged D.experienced
42.A.hold on B.bank on C.look into D.focus on
43.A.easily B.nearly C.barely D.successfully
44.A.abandon B.acknowledge
C.end D.achieve
45.A.finished B.suspended C.occurred D.changed
46.A.Inspired B.Depressed C.Satisfied D.Shocked
47.A.science B.architecture C.geography D.chemistry
48.A.put up B.made up C.passed up D.weighed up
49.A.alternative B.difficult C.easy D.decent
50.A.rejected B.practiced C.arranged D.exchanged
51.A.principle B.agreement C.competition D.guidance
52.A.astronaut B.daydreamer C.scientist D.pioneer
53.A.essential B.superior C.convenient D.worthy
54.A.correcting B.abandoning
C.emphasising D.dismissing
55.A.ashamed B.available C.afraid D.willing
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jia Sixie, author of China's first agricultural encyclopedia(百科全书), was one of the leading agronomists(农学家) in Chinese history. In the late years of the Northern Wei Dynasty, he wrote Qimin Yaoshu, the 56 (early) and most complete agricultural encyclopedia still in existence in China.
Jia Sixie was born in Yidu County in Shandong Province. During his childhood, Jia's family wasn't wealthy, but had 57 rich collection of books. This provided the young Jia with an opportunity to read 58 (wide) in ancient Chinese literature on agriculture. He completed Qimin Yaoshu during the wars, when he saw amounts of 59 (suffer) the poor farmers underwent. 60 he believed deep down was that the development of agriculture could relieve the shortage of food and thus help those farmers out.
The book, which includes 92 chapters in 10 volumes and nearly 120,000 characters, 61 (cover) a wide range of topics and records on production experience and methods. It includes advice on farming, fishery and sideline occupations(副业). In the book, he emphasized the importance of seed breeding 62 (generate) better varieties.
Qimin Yaoshu was first distributed mainly among common people. In the late Tang Dynasty, the book was introduced to Japan. So far, the book 63 (translate) into several languages. It is considered 64 an important summary of farming knowledge. At present, it is still studied by Chinese 65 (farmer) and students majoring in agriculture.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是学生科学院的李华,最近收到世界中学生科学大会的邀请函,请你在大会上汇报你参加的科普活动。请写一篇发言稿,内容包括:
1.活动的名称、地点、时间;
2.目的和内容;
3.你的感受。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Ladies and gentlemen,
I'm Li Hua from China.
Thank you for listening.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Cut, cut, cut!” I shouted. But that didn't stop Chewy from chasing after the squirrels that had caught his eye halfway through the shot.
“You're supposed to be running after the thief, not squirrels!” I said.
But Chewy didn't care. He had already moved on to chewing his leash(皮带). What kind of Hollywood dog wears a leash It was Dad's rule, though. Because Chewy was only a little dog, I had to keep him on the leash whenever we filmed outside. As long as I followed that rule, I could use Dad's old cellphone to shoot my movie.
“Let's try this again,” I said.
This time, Chewy ran the entire length of the backyard. With the leash on, though, he didn't exactly appear to be in any real hurry to catch anyone. The only way to make this look real would be to take off the leash. But that would mean breaking the promise I made to Dad.
On the other hand, if I moved quickly and was careful with my camera angles, would Dad ever know about it
After taking off the leash, I put Chewy down, ready to record. But before I could shout “Action!”, Chewy ran across the yard and down the driveway and jumped in circles around Mrs. Yang, our next-door neighbor.
“You must smell the dog biscuits I just bought for you,” she said to him. That's when Chewy noticed her bag. As if it were one of his toys, he grabbed it with his mouth and pulled. Mrs. Yang's things dropped on the sidewalk.
I wanted to apologize and help Mrs. Yang pick up her things. But then I remembered something. If Dad found out that I had taken Chewy's leash off, I wouldn't be able to use his cellphone any more. In a panic, I took Chewy and ran inside the house.
When Dad arrived home that evening, I handed him his cellphone. “Did you finish shooting your movie already ” he asked.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
I shook my head and told him everything that had happened.
“Apology accepted,” said Mrs. Yang.
答案全解全析
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.C
9.A 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.A
17.B 18.B 19.A 20.C 21.D 22.C 23.A 24.A
25.C 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.D 30.B 31.A 32.D
33.A 34.B 35.C 36.B 37.C 38.F 39.A 40.G
41.A 42.D 43.C 44.D 45.D 46.A 47.A 48.B
49.C 50.B 51.C 52.B 53.A 54.C 55.D
56.earliest 57.a 58.widely 59.suffering 60.What 61.covers 62.to generate 63.has been translated 64.as 65.farmers
第二部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四项诺贝尔奖的获奖情况及原因。
21.D 细节理解题。根据Physiology or Medicine部分中的“He is well-known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones.”可知,诺贝尔生理学或医学奖与骨骼研究有关。故选D。
22.C 细节理解题。根据Economic Sciences部分中的“The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig ‘for research on banks and financial crises,’”可知,Ben S. Bernanke、Douglas W. Diamond和Philip H. Dybvig凭着关于银行和金融危机的研究获奖。故选C。
23.A 细节理解题。根据Physics部分中的“Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger's”、Chemistry部分中的“The Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to another trio”和Economic Sciences部分中的“The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists”可知,这三个奖项的共同之处是都各有三位获奖者。故选A。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主要叙述了Ada Lovelace的事迹,展现了她对数学和科学知识的热爱。
24.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...Ada was forced by her mother to learn science and mathematics, which was unusual for women at the time. She was also punished if her work was not up to standard.”可知,Ada小时候,她的母亲强迫她学习科学知识。故选A。
25.C 句意猜测题。根据第一段的内容和第二段中的“keeping the creative side of her from germinating”可知,母亲不愿Ada继承父亲多变的特质,所以强迫她学习科学知识,让她的创造力无法萌发,但Ada对数学和科学很感兴趣。画线句将poetry和science进行比较,说明她认为科学如诗歌般具有创造性。故选C。
26.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Attracted by this idea, Ada began a period of letter-writing with him that would come to decide her professional life.”可知,Ada与Charles Babbage针对科学知识展开的交流决定了她以后的职业生涯。故选B。
27.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“She not only translated the article but added pages and pages of notes, calculations and innovations.”可知,她翻译了一篇文章并添加了很多注释。故选D。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能(AI)系统在天气预测方面的应用与局限性。
28.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Such systems aim to produce weather predictions faster and at a lower cost than traditional forecasting methods.”可知,AI天气预测系统的优势在于它能够更快、成本更低地预测天气情况。故选C。
29.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It is designed to make many predictions quickly, including for extreme events involving powerful storms and heatwaves.”可知,它旨在快速做出许多预测,包括针对涉及强风暴和热浪的极端事件的预测。所以AIFS的目的是快速预测天气事件,包括极端天气。故选D。
30.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“AI-supported data from the ECMWF correctly predicted intense rains last month across parts of Europe that resulted in widespread flooding.”可知,ECMWF的AI支持的数据正确地预测了上个月欧洲部分地区的暴雨,所以预测是准确的。故选B。
31.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“the best use of AI-based weather forecasts would be to use them in combination with traditional weather predicting tools”可知,可以通过将AI与传统方法相结合来改进天气预报。故选A。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了得克萨斯州即将建造世界上首个3D打印酒店El Cosmico及其技术特点。
32.D 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Photos of the site show a massive 46.5-foot-wide and 15.5-foot-tall 3D printer laying layer upon layer of sand-colored material onto the foundations, creating sand-colored walls.”可知,本段主要介绍了3D打印酒店的建造过程。故选D。
33.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘I've never been able to build with such little restriction...’ Lambert tells Reuters' Evan Garcia. ‘It's an incredible way to build.’”可推测,Lambert认为这是一种令人难以置信的建造方式,所以她对3D打印技术是欣赏的。故选A。
34.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The mixture also uses local Texas materials colored to ‘fit into the landscape of Marfa,’”可知,使用当地材料是为了使建筑与周围环境融为一体。故选B。
35.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“ICON was founded in 2017, and its technology has been used to build 3D-printed homes in Texas and Mexico...The company also adopts the technology to help address America's affordable housing crisis.”可推测,ICON已经建造了3D打印房屋并获得了积极的反馈。故选C。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从几个方面介绍了如何成为一名科学家,包括有好奇心、有耐心、勤奋且持之以恒、不断学习和从不同角度思考。
36.B 根据后句“Becoming a scientist takes a long time.”可知,成为科学家需要很长时间,所以B项“Be patient with climbing the career ladder.”符合语境。故选B。
37.C 根据前句“What this is getting at is that because of the long path to success, for a while you won't be living lavishly.”可知,通往成功的道路可能会很艰难,所以C项“Things are going to be tough for a while.”符合语境。故选C。
38.F 根据前句“Have the need to always keep learning.”和后句“Whether it's reading peer-reviewed journals, attending seminars, or working toward getting your work published, you'll always be learning.”可知,科学家不断地在学习,也就是在寻求知识,所以F项“Actually what every scientist does is seek out knowledge.”符合上下文语境。故选F。
39.A 根据后文“Your eyes need to be focused and ready at all times.”可知,成为科学家需要有观察能力,所以A项“Observation skills are also necessary.”符合语境。故选A。
40.G 根据本段主旨句“Think differently.”可知,本段主要是介绍成为科学家的条件之一就是从不同角度思考问题,所以G项“To make progress in human knowledge, you have to think differently.”符合语境。故选G。
第三部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了Scott Kelly从一个成天做白日梦的差等生,到下定决心成为一名宇航员,努力学习科学并实现梦想的故事。
41.A 根据空格前的“absent-minded”可知,他心不在焉,对科学和其他所有科目都不感兴趣。 故选A。
42.D 根据下文的“Therefore, he earned terrible grades”可知,因为课上不能集中注意力听老师讲课,所以他成绩糟糕。故选D。
43.C 根据上文的“Therefore, he earned terrible grades”可知,他成绩差,所以勉强能从高中毕业。故选C。
44.D 根据空后的“his dreams”和上文描述可知,他成绩差,所以他甚至认为自己永远无法实现自己的梦想。 故选D。
45.D 根据下文的“when he picked up the film The Right Stuff”和“he was determined to be an astronaut”可知,这部电影对他影响很大,他想要成为一名宇航员,所以是一切都发生了改变。故选D。
46.A 上句提到《太空英雄》这部电影,下文提到他决心成为一名宇航员,应是受到了电影的启发。故选A。
47.A 要想成为一名宇航员,应该是在科学课上表现出色,下文的“straight A's in science”也是提示。 故选A。
48.B 为了成为一名宇航员,他下定决心学好科学。故选B。
49.C 根据空格前的“After so many years of daydreaming”可知,因为这么多年都在做白日梦,所以实现梦想不易。故选C。
50.B 根据空后的“his study skills, the better grades he got”可知,此处指学习技巧练习得越多,他的成绩就越好。故选B。
51.C 根据空后的“see how good he could get”可知,此处指他开始和自己比赛,看自己能做得多好。故选C。
52.B 此处是说他之前是什么样的,由上文的“so many years of daydreaming”可知他之前是一个经常做白日梦的人。故选B。
53.A 要想成为宇航员,科学成绩全优是必不可少的。故选A。
54.C 根据下文“Everyone can learn this stuff”可知,每个人都可以学习科学,所以不要再强调科学太难了这一观点。故选C。
55.D 只要大家愿意付出努力,就可以学会科学。故选D。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了贾思勰及其编写的《齐民要术》的内容和影响。
56.earliest 考查形容词的最高级。设空处与and后的形容词最高级most complete并列,所以也应用最高级形式。故填earliest。
57.a 考查冠词。此处是“a collection of”结构,表示“一批……(收藏品)”,rich的发音以辅音音素开头,所以应用不定冠词a。
58.widely 考查副词。设空处修饰动词read,在句中作状语,应用副词。故填widely。
59.suffering 考查名词。amounts of后通常接不可数名词,设空处应用不可数名词suffering,表示“苦难,痛苦”这一抽象概念。故填suffering。
60.What 考查主语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导主语从句,从句中believed后面缺少宾语,指的是后面提到的内容,表示“……的事物”,所以应用连接代词what引导。故填What。
61.covers 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处在句中作谓语,此处对著作进行介绍,表示一般事实,应用一般现在时;主语The book为第三人称单数,谓语也应用单数。故填covers。
62.to generate 考查动词不定式。分析句子可知,设空处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to generate。
63.has been translated 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语,由时间状语So far可知应用现在完成时;主语the book与提示词translate之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为单数,助动词应用has。故填has been translated。
64.as 考查介词。consider...as...意为“认为……是……”,为固定搭配;此处为其被动形式be considered as“被认为是”。故填as。
65.farmers 考查名词复数。设空处与and后的students并列,也应用名词复数。故填farmers。
第四部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Ladies and gentlemen,
I'm Li Hua from China. I took part in an activity named “Science Around Us” in the lecture hall last week. Its aim is to arouse students' passion for science and enrich our school life.
At the beginning, a lecture related to the development of science was given, from which I benefited a lot. Besides, we watched videos that introduced common physical phenomena in our lives. Finally, many aspects of the great scientists, their achievements and contributions in particular, were introduced to us.
Through the activity, not only did I master some basic and practical skills, but my awareness of science was also raised.
Thank you for listening.
第二节
One possible version:
I shook my head and told him everything that had happened. “Thanks for telling me,” said Dad when I finished the story. Then I added, “I also need to talk to Mrs.Yang.” Dad stood on the sidewalk holding Chewy while I walked towards Mrs. Yang's front door. My hands shook as I knocked. To my surprise, Mrs. Yang answered with a smile. I apologized to her for running away and not helping pick up her things. “I was frightened,” I said, “and I was so absorbed in trying to finish my movie that I made some bad decisions. I'm so sorry.”
“Apology accepted,” said Mrs.Yang. “Did you say you're making a movie About Chewy ” she asked. I nodded. “Well, I'd love to see it when it's finished,” said Mrs. Yang. Then she told me that her son owned a coffee shop nearby, where he had a screen and projector. She would ask him if we could have a viewing party there. “That would be incredible,” I said. “Maybe Chewy could come and see himself on the big screen,” Mrs. Yang said with a smile.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2026人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
全卷满分150分 考试用时120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What will the weather be like tomorrow
A.Rainy. B.Sunny. C.Windy.
2.How does the woman probably feel
A.Patient. B.Sorry. C.Annoyed.
3.What is the man buying
A.A chair. B.A ladder. C.A bookcase.
4.What are the speakers mainly talking about
A.Where to apply for jobs. B.How to deal with stress.
C.When to go shopping.
5.Why was the woman's credit card canceled
A.She had a poor income. B.She got into heavy debt.
C.She made late payment.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What is the woman
A.A customer. B.A salesperson. C.A store manager.
7.What does the man suggest the woman do
A.Make a complaint. B.Let go of her anger.
C.Call the police.
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
8.What does the woman ask the man to do
A.Fix a time. B.Drop her off on the way.
C.Take her dress to the cleaner's.
9.What day is it today
A.Friday. B.Saturday. C.Sunday.
10.What will the speakers do on Sunday
A.Buy tickets. B.Watch the football game.
C.Attend the wedding ceremony.
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
11.Why does the woman choose to stay in the UK
A.It provides opportunities.
B.Her parents want her to stay.
C.She doesn't like her home country.
12.What will the woman do next
A.Go to a research center. B.Study in the office.
C.Ask for advice.
13.What are the speakers talking about
A.Their parents. B.A career plan.
C.Working experience.
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
14.What is this competition about
A.Saving energy at home.
B.Reducing noise pollution.
C.Using technology creatively.
15.What is the stone used for
A.Starting the machine. B.Increasing air pressure.
C.Producing carbon dioxide.
16.What is the liquid coming from carbon dioxide in the dishwasher designed to do
A.Clean the dishes. B.Start the machine.
C.Give pressure to the stone.
17.Why does the woman come to the man
A.To discuss the way of writing a paper.
B.To find the right material for a model.
C.To study the approach to detailed drawings.
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
18.When did Manfred Steiner gain his medical degree
A.In 1951. B.In 1955. C.In 2000.
19.What did Steiner's professor think of him
A.Determined. B.Generous. C.Stubborn.
20.What is Steiner's plan for his future
A.To publish his story.
B.To offer advice on success.
C.To help the professors in Brown.
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
It is that time of the year, when a handful of the world's leading scholars, social activists and researchers are rewarded with what is often cited as the most prestigious acknowledgement of human efforts—the Nobel Prize. Here's a look at who has won the prize and for what.
Physiology or Medicine
Swedish geneticist Svante P bo won the first Nobel Prize of 2022, for starting the field of ancient DNA studies. He is well-known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones.
Physics
Alain Aspect, John F.Clauser and Anton Zeilinger's work in quantum(量子) technology landed them the second Nobel Prize announced in 2022. Although Aspect is from France, Clauser from the U.S., and Zeilinger from Austria, the three separately performed “groundbreaking experiments” as one team. “Their results have cleared the way for new technology,” the committee stated.
Chemistry
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to another trio(三人组), Carolyn R. Bertozzi from the U.S., Morten Meldal from Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless from the U.S. “for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry,” the committee stated. Dr. Bertozzi is the eighth woman chemist to be awarded the prize, while Dr. Sharpless is the fifth scientist to be awarded two Nobel Prizes.
Economic Sciences
The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises,” the Nobel Prize committee announced on Monday. By studying the history of American economics, particularly the Great Depression of the 1930s, they improved how we understand the role of banks during times of hardship and the bank's impact on societal functions.
21.What prize is related to the research on bones
A.Physics. B.Economic Sciences.
C.Chemistry. D.Physiology or Medicine.
22.For what study did Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig win the prize
A.The study about societal functions.
B.The study about the history of America.
C.The study about banks and financial crises.
D.The study about the Great Depression of the 1930s.
23.What do the prizes in physics, chemistry and economic sciences have in common
A.They have three winners.
B.They help people understand hardship.
C.They improve new technology.
D.Their winners are from different countries.
B
Ada Lovelace was born on December 10th 1815. Ada's mother and father (the famous poet Lord George Gordon Byron) parted just weeks after she was born. Her mother feared that she would grow up with her father's changeable nature. To stop this from happening, Ada was forced by her mother to learn science and mathematics, which was unusual for women at the time. She was also punished if her work was not up to standard. However, she was greatly interested in mathematics and science and would perhaps have learned about them on her own.
Ada was partially disabled and as a result spent much time studying. Ada knew of her mother's thought about keeping the creative side of her from germinating(萌芽). However, as Ada herself is known to have said, “If you can't give me poetry, can't you give me poetical science ” Ada got married at 19, to William King who was made the Earl of Lovelace in 1838, at which point she became Lady Ada King, the Countess of Lovelace, but was known as Ada Lovelace. Ada and King had a relatively happy marriage, with King even encouraging his wife's love of numbers.
During her youth, Ada was introduced to the Scot, Mary Somerville, who was known as the “Queen of 19th Century Science” and was the first woman to be accepted into the Royal Astronomical Society. It was through Mary Somerville that Ada first heard of Charles Babbage's idea for a new calculating(计算) engine. Attracted by this idea, Ada began a period of letter-writing with him that would come to decide her professional life.
Ada met Babbage when she was around 17 and the two became close friends. Babbage was working on an “Analytical Engine”, something he was designing to deal with complex calculations. Ada was later asked to translate an article. She not only translated the article but added pages and pages of notes, calculations and innovations(新事物). Her notes were published in 1843 and it turned out that what she had written was so original. It is now seen as the first comprehensive comment on what would become modern-day computer programming. Although impressive, Ada was not actually given credit for the article until 1848.
24.What happened to Ada in her childhood
A.She was pushed to learn scientific knowledge.
B.She had to compare herself with other women.
C.She gave up learning because of her father.
D.She was greatly cared for by her father.
25.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean
A.Ada thought poetry was boring.
B.Ada believed poetry was harder than science.
C.Ada thought science was creative.
D.Ada was interested in both science and poetry.
26.What decided Ada's professional life
A.The support of the Royal Astronomical Society.
B.Her communication with Babbage.
C.Her husband's encouragement.
D.Somerville's suggestions.
27.What did Ada do after she met Babbage
A.She taught people how to program.
B.She invented an “Analytical Engine”.
C.She praised Babbage's achievements.
D.She translated an article and developed it.
C
Weather researchers are using artificial intelligence (AI) systems to improve existing weather prediction methods. But, experts say the AI tools currently face limitations and should be used along with traditional prediction methods to be most effective. AI systems trained to predict, or forecast weather events are now being used by many government agencies and organizations worldwide. Such systems aim to produce weather predictions faster and at a lower cost than traditional forecasting methods.
One weather predicting system that has shown promise is the Google-financed GraphCast method. This machine learning-based system trains directly on weather data that has already been collected and examined. Such methods have demonstrated an ability to outperform traditional forecasting systems. The system works by combining past weather predictions with modern forecasting models to provide the most complete picture of weather and climate.
In Europe, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has been using AI prediction tools since January. The organization provides detailed weather forecasts four times per day to nations across Europe.
The ECMWF technology is called the Artificial Intelligence/Integrated Forecasting System (AIFS). The group describes the system as a “data-driven” forecasting model. It is designed to make many predictions quickly, including for extreme events involving powerful storms and heatwaves. AI-supported data from the ECMWF correctly predicted intense rains last month across parts of Europe that resulted in widespread flooding. But while the predictions were right, destruction caused by the flooding could not be avoided.
Experts told Reuters this is largely because it is still difficult to gather and fully utilize (利用) some collected weather data. In addition, there is a need to strengthen and improve current AI models used to predict weather.
Andrew Charlton-Perez is a professor of meteorology—the scientific study of weather processes—at the University of Reading in Britain. He told Reuters, “In some cases, AI models can beat physics-based models, but in other cases vice versa(反之亦然).” Charlton- Perez said he thought the best use of AI-based weather forecasts would be to use them in combination with traditional weather predicting tools. This, he noted, could utilize AI data to produce weather predictions based on large sets of information collected from different sources.
28.What's the advantage of the AI weather predicting system
A.It provides detailed weather forecasts frequently.
B.It can avoid extreme events including heatwaves.
C.It can predict weather conditions faster at a lower cost.
D.It is used in all walks of life without limitations.
29.What is the purpose of the AIFS
A.To avoid national floods.
B.To forecast disaster-caused destruction.
C.To provide timely data.
D.To predict weather events quickly.
30.What can we know about the prediction of AI-supported data from the ECMWF
A.It's time-consuming. B.It's precise.
C.It's much easier. D.It's worldwide.
31.How can AI improve the weather forecast
A.By combining AI with traditional methods.
B.By using AI prediction tools collectively.
C.By making use of the GraphCast method.
D.By gathering a lot of current weather data.
D
Everything's bigger in Texas, where even 3D printers take on a huge appearance. Soon, it will be the site of the world's first 3D-printed hotel, El Cosmico, which has just begun construction in the desert north of Marfa.
Passersby won't see the framework that typically comes with construction. Photos of the site show a massive 46.5-foot-wide and 15.5-foot-tall 3D printer laying layer upon layer of sand-colored material onto the foundations, creating sand-colored walls. This enormous machine, called Vulcan, was developed by the Texas-based 3D printing and robotics company ICON. It looks like “an inkjet printer with a cartridge (墨盒) going back and forth,” Liz Lambert, El Cosmico's owner, described it.
The project is cooperation between Lambert, ICON and architects at Bjarke Ingels Group. Lambert seeks to expand the existing El Cosmico hotel, adding 43 new units and 18 residential homes on a new 40-acre property. According to ICON, 3D printing will provide new ways to build and offer greater flexibility in architectural designs. “I've never been able to build with such little restriction...” Lambert tells Reuters' Evan Garcia. “It's an incredible way to build.”
Images of the hotel's inside reveal cream-colored walls and rounded wooden surfaces full of colors that reflect the surrounding desert. The structures' walls are made of a class of concrete called “lavacrete”, a low-carbon material created by ICON, which has the compressive strength(压缩强度) of 2,000 to 3,500 pounds per square inch. The mixture also uses local Texas materials colored to “fit into the landscape of Marfa,” as Lambert tells Reuters.
ICON was founded in 2017, and its technology has been used to build 3D-printed homes in Texas and Mexico, where residents have commented on the strength of their walls and their insulation(隔绝) from the sun. The company also adopts the technology to help address America's affordable housing crisis. In 2020, ICON constructed several houses for the Community First! Village in Austin for homeless people run by the nonprofit Mobile Loaves & Fishes.
Construction on the new hotel is scheduled to conclude in 2026, and the existing location will be open until 2025.
32.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.The distinctive features of 3D printing.
B.The amazing appearance of the 3D printer.
C.The framework of the traditional construction.
D.The process of building a 3D-printed hotel.
33.How does Lambert feel about 3D printing
A.Appreciative. B.Pessimistic.
C.Cautious. D.Indifferent.
34.Why are the local Texas materials used
A.To cut down on transportation costs.
B.To integrate into the surroundings.
C.To enhance the safety of the hotel.
D.To protect the natural environment.
35.What can we infer about ICON
A.It is a non-profit organization devoted to 3D printing.
B.It never employed 3D printing before building the hotel.
C.It has built 3D-printed homes securing positive feedback.
D.It uses 3D printing to solve America's luxury housing crisis.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to become a scientist
Be curious. Scientists choose to become scientists because they are curious about the world around them and how the things in it work. This curiosity leads them to investigate the things behind what they see.
36 Becoming a scientist takes a long time. There are very few careers that take longer than this one. Even when you're done with your education, you still have to get research under your belt. If you're an instant-gratification(即时满足的) type of person, this may not be the right career for you.
Be diligent and persevere. It's been said that jobs in science are the lowest paid in the US. What this is getting at is that because of the long path to success, for a while you won't be living lavishly(奢侈地). 37
Have the need to always keep learning. 38 Whether it's reading peer-reviewed journals, attending seminars, or working toward getting your work published, you'll always be learning. 39 In those years of waiting for results, you need to constantly be looking for the smallest changes in what you expect to see. Your eyes need to be focused and ready at all times.
Think differently. Think back to Newton's apple falling on his head or Archimedes' jumping into his tub and displacing water. Most people would think nothing of these events, but these men saw something else, something no one else was seeing at the time. 40
A.Observation skills are also necessary.
B.Be patient with climbing the career ladder.
C.Things are going to be tough for a while.
D.Then you're probably made of the right stuff.
E.As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
F.Actually what every scientist does is seek out knowledge.
G.To make progress in human knowledge, you have to think differently.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Careers in science are generally believed to be too complex for students who aren't talented or clever enough, but Scott Kelly, former commander of the International Space Station, would prove it's wrong.
As a kid, he was absent-minded and 41 in science and all other subjects as well. He couldn't 42 what the teachers said in class. Therefore, he earned terrible grades and 43 graduated from high school, and he even thought he would never 44 his dreams.
That all 45 when he picked up the film The Right Stuff, Tom Wolfe's classic account of the pioneering Americans who first explored space. 46 , he was determined to be an astronaut, which meant doing well in 47 class. So from that day on, he 48 his mind to do well in it.
After so many years of daydreaming, it wouldn't be 49 . But he started regarding study as a game. The more he 50 his study skills, the better grades he got. Eventually, it became a(n) 51 with himself to see how good he could get. Then the former 52 started getting straight A's in science, which is 53 for those who want to be an astronaut.
So we need to stop 54 the idea that science is just too hard. Everyone can learn this stuff—he just needs to be 55 to do the work.
41.A.uninterested B.absorbed
C.engaged D.experienced
42.A.hold on B.bank on C.look into D.focus on
43.A.easily B.nearly C.barely D.successfully
44.A.abandon B.acknowledge
C.end D.achieve
45.A.finished B.suspended C.occurred D.changed
46.A.Inspired B.Depressed C.Satisfied D.Shocked
47.A.science B.architecture C.geography D.chemistry
48.A.put up B.made up C.passed up D.weighed up
49.A.alternative B.difficult C.easy D.decent
50.A.rejected B.practiced C.arranged D.exchanged
51.A.principle B.agreement C.competition D.guidance
52.A.astronaut B.daydreamer C.scientist D.pioneer
53.A.essential B.superior C.convenient D.worthy
54.A.correcting B.abandoning
C.emphasising D.dismissing
55.A.ashamed B.available C.afraid D.willing
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jia Sixie, author of China's first agricultural encyclopedia(百科全书), was one of the leading agronomists(农学家) in Chinese history. In the late years of the Northern Wei Dynasty, he wrote Qimin Yaoshu, the 56 (early) and most complete agricultural encyclopedia still in existence in China.
Jia Sixie was born in Yidu County in Shandong Province. During his childhood, Jia's family wasn't wealthy, but had 57 rich collection of books. This provided the young Jia with an opportunity to read 58 (wide) in ancient Chinese literature on agriculture. He completed Qimin Yaoshu during the wars, when he saw amounts of 59 (suffer) the poor farmers underwent. 60 he believed deep down was that the development of agriculture could relieve the shortage of food and thus help those farmers out.
The book, which includes 92 chapters in 10 volumes and nearly 120,000 characters, 61 (cover) a wide range of topics and records on production experience and methods. It includes advice on farming, fishery and sideline occupations(副业). In the book, he emphasized the importance of seed breeding 62 (generate) better varieties.
Qimin Yaoshu was first distributed mainly among common people. In the late Tang Dynasty, the book was introduced to Japan. So far, the book 63 (translate) into several languages. It is considered 64 an important summary of farming knowledge. At present, it is still studied by Chinese 65 (farmer) and students majoring in agriculture.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是学生科学院的李华,最近收到世界中学生科学大会的邀请函,请你在大会上汇报你参加的科普活动。请写一篇发言稿,内容包括:
1.活动的名称、地点、时间;
2.目的和内容;
3.你的感受。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Ladies and gentlemen,
I'm Li Hua from China.
Thank you for listening.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Cut, cut, cut!” I shouted. But that didn't stop Chewy from chasing after the squirrels that had caught his eye halfway through the shot.
“You're supposed to be running after the thief, not squirrels!” I said.
But Chewy didn't care. He had already moved on to chewing his leash(皮带). What kind of Hollywood dog wears a leash It was Dad's rule, though. Because Chewy was only a little dog, I had to keep him on the leash whenever we filmed outside. As long as I followed that rule, I could use Dad's old cellphone to shoot my movie.
“Let's try this again,” I said.
This time, Chewy ran the entire length of the backyard. With the leash on, though, he didn't exactly appear to be in any real hurry to catch anyone. The only way to make this look real would be to take off the leash. But that would mean breaking the promise I made to Dad.
On the other hand, if I moved quickly and was careful with my camera angles, would Dad ever know about it
After taking off the leash, I put Chewy down, ready to record. But before I could shout “Action!”, Chewy ran across the yard and down the driveway and jumped in circles around Mrs. Yang, our next-door neighbor.
“You must smell the dog biscuits I just bought for you,” she said to him. That's when Chewy noticed her bag. As if it were one of his toys, he grabbed it with his mouth and pulled. Mrs. Yang's things dropped on the sidewalk.
I wanted to apologize and help Mrs. Yang pick up her things. But then I remembered something. If Dad found out that I had taken Chewy's leash off, I wouldn't be able to use his cellphone any more. In a panic, I took Chewy and ran inside the house.
When Dad arrived home that evening, I handed him his cellphone. “Did you finish shooting your movie already ” he asked.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
I shook my head and told him everything that had happened.
“Apology accepted,” said Mrs. Yang.
答案全解全析
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.C
9.A 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.A
17.B 18.B 19.A 20.C 21.D 22.C 23.A 24.A
25.C 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.D 30.B 31.A 32.D
33.A 34.B 35.C 36.B 37.C 38.F 39.A 40.G
41.A 42.D 43.C 44.D 45.D 46.A 47.A 48.B
49.C 50.B 51.C 52.B 53.A 54.C 55.D
56.earliest 57.a 58.widely 59.suffering 60.What 61.covers 62.to generate 63.has been translated 64.as 65.farmers
第二部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四项诺贝尔奖的获奖情况及原因。
21.D 细节理解题。根据Physiology or Medicine部分中的“He is well-known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones.”可知,诺贝尔生理学或医学奖与骨骼研究有关。故选D。
22.C 细节理解题。根据Economic Sciences部分中的“The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig ‘for research on banks and financial crises,’”可知,Ben S. Bernanke、Douglas W. Diamond和Philip H. Dybvig凭着关于银行和金融危机的研究获奖。故选C。
23.A 细节理解题。根据Physics部分中的“Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger's”、Chemistry部分中的“The Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to another trio”和Economic Sciences部分中的“The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists”可知,这三个奖项的共同之处是都各有三位获奖者。故选A。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主要叙述了Ada Lovelace的事迹,展现了她对数学和科学知识的热爱。
24.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...Ada was forced by her mother to learn science and mathematics, which was unusual for women at the time. She was also punished if her work was not up to standard.”可知,Ada小时候,她的母亲强迫她学习科学知识。故选A。
25.C 句意猜测题。根据第一段的内容和第二段中的“keeping the creative side of her from germinating”可知,母亲不愿Ada继承父亲多变的特质,所以强迫她学习科学知识,让她的创造力无法萌发,但Ada对数学和科学很感兴趣。画线句将poetry和science进行比较,说明她认为科学如诗歌般具有创造性。故选C。
26.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Attracted by this idea, Ada began a period of letter-writing with him that would come to decide her professional life.”可知,Ada与Charles Babbage针对科学知识展开的交流决定了她以后的职业生涯。故选B。
27.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“She not only translated the article but added pages and pages of notes, calculations and innovations.”可知,她翻译了一篇文章并添加了很多注释。故选D。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能(AI)系统在天气预测方面的应用与局限性。
28.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Such systems aim to produce weather predictions faster and at a lower cost than traditional forecasting methods.”可知,AI天气预测系统的优势在于它能够更快、成本更低地预测天气情况。故选C。
29.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It is designed to make many predictions quickly, including for extreme events involving powerful storms and heatwaves.”可知,它旨在快速做出许多预测,包括针对涉及强风暴和热浪的极端事件的预测。所以AIFS的目的是快速预测天气事件,包括极端天气。故选D。
30.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“AI-supported data from the ECMWF correctly predicted intense rains last month across parts of Europe that resulted in widespread flooding.”可知,ECMWF的AI支持的数据正确地预测了上个月欧洲部分地区的暴雨,所以预测是准确的。故选B。
31.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“the best use of AI-based weather forecasts would be to use them in combination with traditional weather predicting tools”可知,可以通过将AI与传统方法相结合来改进天气预报。故选A。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了得克萨斯州即将建造世界上首个3D打印酒店El Cosmico及其技术特点。
32.D 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Photos of the site show a massive 46.5-foot-wide and 15.5-foot-tall 3D printer laying layer upon layer of sand-colored material onto the foundations, creating sand-colored walls.”可知,本段主要介绍了3D打印酒店的建造过程。故选D。
33.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘I've never been able to build with such little restriction...’ Lambert tells Reuters' Evan Garcia. ‘It's an incredible way to build.’”可推测,Lambert认为这是一种令人难以置信的建造方式,所以她对3D打印技术是欣赏的。故选A。
34.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The mixture also uses local Texas materials colored to ‘fit into the landscape of Marfa,’”可知,使用当地材料是为了使建筑与周围环境融为一体。故选B。
35.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“ICON was founded in 2017, and its technology has been used to build 3D-printed homes in Texas and Mexico...The company also adopts the technology to help address America's affordable housing crisis.”可推测,ICON已经建造了3D打印房屋并获得了积极的反馈。故选C。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从几个方面介绍了如何成为一名科学家,包括有好奇心、有耐心、勤奋且持之以恒、不断学习和从不同角度思考。
36.B 根据后句“Becoming a scientist takes a long time.”可知,成为科学家需要很长时间,所以B项“Be patient with climbing the career ladder.”符合语境。故选B。
37.C 根据前句“What this is getting at is that because of the long path to success, for a while you won't be living lavishly.”可知,通往成功的道路可能会很艰难,所以C项“Things are going to be tough for a while.”符合语境。故选C。
38.F 根据前句“Have the need to always keep learning.”和后句“Whether it's reading peer-reviewed journals, attending seminars, or working toward getting your work published, you'll always be learning.”可知,科学家不断地在学习,也就是在寻求知识,所以F项“Actually what every scientist does is seek out knowledge.”符合上下文语境。故选F。
39.A 根据后文“Your eyes need to be focused and ready at all times.”可知,成为科学家需要有观察能力,所以A项“Observation skills are also necessary.”符合语境。故选A。
40.G 根据本段主旨句“Think differently.”可知,本段主要是介绍成为科学家的条件之一就是从不同角度思考问题,所以G项“To make progress in human knowledge, you have to think differently.”符合语境。故选G。
第三部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了Scott Kelly从一个成天做白日梦的差等生,到下定决心成为一名宇航员,努力学习科学并实现梦想的故事。
41.A 根据空格前的“absent-minded”可知,他心不在焉,对科学和其他所有科目都不感兴趣。 故选A。
42.D 根据下文的“Therefore, he earned terrible grades”可知,因为课上不能集中注意力听老师讲课,所以他成绩糟糕。故选D。
43.C 根据上文的“Therefore, he earned terrible grades”可知,他成绩差,所以勉强能从高中毕业。故选C。
44.D 根据空后的“his dreams”和上文描述可知,他成绩差,所以他甚至认为自己永远无法实现自己的梦想。 故选D。
45.D 根据下文的“when he picked up the film The Right Stuff”和“he was determined to be an astronaut”可知,这部电影对他影响很大,他想要成为一名宇航员,所以是一切都发生了改变。故选D。
46.A 上句提到《太空英雄》这部电影,下文提到他决心成为一名宇航员,应是受到了电影的启发。故选A。
47.A 要想成为一名宇航员,应该是在科学课上表现出色,下文的“straight A's in science”也是提示。 故选A。
48.B 为了成为一名宇航员,他下定决心学好科学。故选B。
49.C 根据空格前的“After so many years of daydreaming”可知,因为这么多年都在做白日梦,所以实现梦想不易。故选C。
50.B 根据空后的“his study skills, the better grades he got”可知,此处指学习技巧练习得越多,他的成绩就越好。故选B。
51.C 根据空后的“see how good he could get”可知,此处指他开始和自己比赛,看自己能做得多好。故选C。
52.B 此处是说他之前是什么样的,由上文的“so many years of daydreaming”可知他之前是一个经常做白日梦的人。故选B。
53.A 要想成为宇航员,科学成绩全优是必不可少的。故选A。
54.C 根据下文“Everyone can learn this stuff”可知,每个人都可以学习科学,所以不要再强调科学太难了这一观点。故选C。
55.D 只要大家愿意付出努力,就可以学会科学。故选D。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了贾思勰及其编写的《齐民要术》的内容和影响。
56.earliest 考查形容词的最高级。设空处与and后的形容词最高级most complete并列,所以也应用最高级形式。故填earliest。
57.a 考查冠词。此处是“a collection of”结构,表示“一批……(收藏品)”,rich的发音以辅音音素开头,所以应用不定冠词a。
58.widely 考查副词。设空处修饰动词read,在句中作状语,应用副词。故填widely。
59.suffering 考查名词。amounts of后通常接不可数名词,设空处应用不可数名词suffering,表示“苦难,痛苦”这一抽象概念。故填suffering。
60.What 考查主语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导主语从句,从句中believed后面缺少宾语,指的是后面提到的内容,表示“……的事物”,所以应用连接代词what引导。故填What。
61.covers 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处在句中作谓语,此处对著作进行介绍,表示一般事实,应用一般现在时;主语The book为第三人称单数,谓语也应用单数。故填covers。
62.to generate 考查动词不定式。分析句子可知,设空处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to generate。
63.has been translated 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语,由时间状语So far可知应用现在完成时;主语the book与提示词translate之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为单数,助动词应用has。故填has been translated。
64.as 考查介词。consider...as...意为“认为……是……”,为固定搭配;此处为其被动形式be considered as“被认为是”。故填as。
65.farmers 考查名词复数。设空处与and后的students并列,也应用名词复数。故填farmers。
第四部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Ladies and gentlemen,
I'm Li Hua from China. I took part in an activity named “Science Around Us” in the lecture hall last week. Its aim is to arouse students' passion for science and enrich our school life.
At the beginning, a lecture related to the development of science was given, from which I benefited a lot. Besides, we watched videos that introduced common physical phenomena in our lives. Finally, many aspects of the great scientists, their achievements and contributions in particular, were introduced to us.
Through the activity, not only did I master some basic and practical skills, but my awareness of science was also raised.
Thank you for listening.
第二节
One possible version:
I shook my head and told him everything that had happened. “Thanks for telling me,” said Dad when I finished the story. Then I added, “I also need to talk to Mrs.Yang.” Dad stood on the sidewalk holding Chewy while I walked towards Mrs. Yang's front door. My hands shook as I knocked. To my surprise, Mrs. Yang answered with a smile. I apologized to her for running away and not helping pick up her things. “I was frightened,” I said, “and I was so absorbed in trying to finish my movie that I made some bad decisions. I'm so sorry.”
“Apology accepted,” said Mrs.Yang. “Did you say you're making a movie About Chewy ” she asked. I nodded. “Well, I'd love to see it when it's finished,” said Mrs. Yang. Then she told me that her son owned a coffee shop nearby, where he had a screen and projector. She would ask him if we could have a viewing party there. “That would be incredible,” I said. “Maybe Chewy could come and see himself on the big screen,” Mrs. Yang said with a smile.
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