牛津英语8BUnit 7 International Charities Grammar课件（共98张PPT）

课件98张PPT。Unit 7
International charitiesGrammar 被动 语态
如：We clean the classroom every day.
我们每天都打扫教室。
The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.
教室每天都被(我们)打扫。 语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语的动词有两种语态，即主动语态(The Active Voice)与被动语态（The Passive Voice)
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。We call the garden the Slender West Lake.The garden is called the Slender West lake.Active voice
主动语态SVOPassive voice
被动语态SV判断下面的句子属于主动语态还是被动语态1.They make trains in Zhuzhou . ( ）
Trains are made in Zhuzhou. （ ）2.The farmers grow cotton every year. （ ）
Cotton is grown by the farmers every year. （ ）
This book was bought by my father.( )
My father bought this book.( ) 主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态主动语态被动语态They clean the riverPeople build many buildings in the city.Many buildings are built in the city by people.主动语态被动语态被动语态句子的谓语部分由助动词be +动词的过去分词,其中，助动词be来体现时态的变化。
Subject + be + done
The riveris cleanedby themWhen to use the passive voiceWe use the passive voice when it is obvious who performs the action.
动作的执行者是显而易见的，不需要说明。English is spoken in Britain, America and some other countries.The new type of washing machines is sold in this shop. we do not know or do not need to know
who performs the action.
不知道或者没有必要说出动作的执行者。His computer is stolen.Letters are collected at eight every morning.Tables can be made of stone. the action is more important than the
person who performs the action.
强调动作或者动作的承受者。The lives of the patients with eye problems are improved.Homework must be handed in on time every day.1.They make shoes in that factory.
主语+及物动词+宾语
Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般现在时态的被动语态构成：S(主语）+am/is /are +过去分词The door is opened by her.Many trees by him .are plantedamisare + 被动结构一般现在时的被动结构Sb amisare (not) + done sth改为疑问句时，把amisare提前。She waters the flowers every day.The flowersevery day.are wateredby herHe plays basketball every week. Basketball is played by him every week.They do their homework after school.Their homework is done by them after school. 主动语态变被动语态的步骤：
1、主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；
2、主动句的谓语动词变为被动结构；
3、主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语，由by引出，当不强调动作的执行者时，常省略。e.g many people speak English.
口诀：主变宾，宾变主，谓语动词用 be done把下列的句子变为被动语态的句子：1.They speak English in Canada .
English is spoken （by them） in Canada.
2.People use wood for making tables.
Wood is used for making tables (by people).
3.They make computers in the USA.
Computer are made in the USA (by them).
4.They grow rice in South China.（Rice…）
Rice is grown in South China (by them).
2. I bought a computer last term．
A computer was bought (by me) last term.一般过去时态的被动语态的构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词Many books were written by him.The ground by him just now.was cleanedwaswere+ 被动结构一般过去时的被动结构Sb waswere (not) + done sth改为疑问句时，把waswere提前。The flowers were watered by him.He watered the flowers this morning. The light was invented by Thomas Edison .Thomas Edison invented the light. They had an evening party last week.An evening party was had last week.The Great Wall was built by Chinese people many years ago.Chinese people built the Great Wall many years ago.把下列句子变成被动语态的句子1.They planted these trees on weekends .
These trees________________ on weekends.
2.The workers built the bridge in 1968
_____________ built by the workers in 1968.
3.People invited Yao Ming to play basketball
in the USA.
Yao Ming ___________to _______basketball
in the USA.
4.IBM produced this new type of computer.
This new type of computer _________________
by IBM.were planted The bridge waswas invited playwas producedis used every day. use
every day The computer playoftenis often played.
Football are planted every year.The trees is cleaned every day.The blackboardclean every day buildings, build, last yearThe thief, catch, yesterdayThe thief was caught by the police yesterday.The tall buildings were built last year.主动语态转化为被动语态口诀 主变宾，宾变主，谓变be done ,时不变， “be”要随着主语变
把主动语态变为被动语态：
1.People grow rice in many parts of China.
2. She held a charity show yesterday.Rice is grown by people in many parts of China.
A charity show was held by her.
3.People usually post Christmas cards in December.

4. We bought some computers last week.

Christmas cards are usually posted by people in December.


Some computers were bought by us last week.
Practice:1.??? Women often talk about clothes.
→ Clothes ____ often _____ about by women.
2.???Do they make this kind of bus in Nanjing?
→ ___this kind of bus_____ in Nanjing?
3. They use brooms for sweeping the floor.
→ Brooms_____ ____for sweeping the floor.
4. They built many tall buildings in their hometown last year.
→ Many tall buildings ____ _____ in their hometown last year. are talked Is made are used were built 将下列句子改成主动或被动语态．
1. Workers use metal for making machines.
2. Many people speak English.

3. The students cleaned the classroom.

4. My sister took these photos on the Great Wall.
Metal is used for making machines. English is spoken by many people .The classroom was cleaned by the students.These photos were taken on the Great Wall . 5. This song is often sung . ( 用 the girl 做主语 )
6.The dictionary must be taken good care of. (用you作主语)
7.A short play will be put on for the English evening. (用he作主语)
He will put on a short play for the English evening.You must take good care of the dictionary.The girl often sings the song.用所给动词的被动语态填空:
1) your room ________ (clean) every day?
2) Our classroom __________ ( not clean ) yesterday.
3) Both of the two books __________ ( lose) last Sunday.
4) The students ___________ ( ask ) to hand in their homework on time every day.
5) ---When this kind of computer
(make) in Hong Kong?
--- In 2000.Is cleanedwasn’t cleanedwere lostare askedwasmade抓关键词确定时态!用动词的被动语态填空:
English ____________(speak) by many people.
The trees _______________(plant) by them.
That building _________(build) two years ago.
This kind of computer ________(make) in China.
The games __________(sell) in may shops.is spokenwere planted was builtis madeare soldThe Class 1, Grade 8 students are talking about the different things people can do for the poor. Look at the pictures and help them complete their notes using the words in brackets and the passive voice. Add the word by when necessary.are planned to help the poorWhat they do every year1. Charity activities _________________________ (plan/to help the poor).are handed out to peopleLeaflets _______________________ ___________________________ (hand out/to people in the street/ volunteers).in the street by volunteersToys and CDs _____________________
(sell/to raise money).are sold to raise moneyWhat they did last weekNew books _________________________ __________________________________ (send/to children in poor areas/the Class 1, Grade 8 students). were sent to children in poorareas by the Class 1, Grade 8 studentsWarm clothes __________________________ (collect/for poor people). were collected for poor peopleA charity show _____________________________ (hold/the Students’ Union). was held by the Students’ UnionAmy and Daniel are talking about charities. Complete their conversation with the words in brackets using the passive voice. Amy: I’m reading a book about Oxfam.
Daniel: Really? Please tell me about it.Amy: OK. Oxfam ___________ (set up) in the UK in 1942, and the first Oxfam shop __________ (open) in 1948. Now it has about 15,000 shops in all over the world. A lot of things _________ (sell) in Oxfam shops, including books. The money _______ (use) by Oxfam to help poor people.
was set up was openedare soldis usedDaniel: That’s good. There are also some charity projects in China. One of them ________ (call) Project Hope. It __________ (start) in 1989. With its help, millions of poor children all over the country __________ (give) basic education. is called was started are givenAmy: Yea. Many schools __________ (build) in poor areas each year. are built3.They will finish the work in ten days.
The work will be finished (by them)
in ten days.
一般将来时：
S+ will+be+过去分词4．Amy can take good care of Tina ．Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.
情态动词：
S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词
Some workers are painting the rooms now．
The rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：
S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词
We have made twenty more keys．
Twenty more keys have been made by us.
现在完成时：
S+ have/has + been+过去分词各种时态被动语态的结构1.一般现在时态的被动语态结构: 主语+am/is/are + vt 过去分词2.一般过去时态的被动语态结构:主语+ was/ were + vt 过去分词3.含有情态动词的被动语态:主语+情态动词+be+ vt 过去分词5.现在进行时态的被动语态:主语+ am/ is /are+being + vt 过去分词6.过去进行时态的被动语态：主语+ was / were + being+ vt 过去分词7.现在完成时态的被动语态:主语+ have/has been + vt 过去分词4.一般将来时的被动语态结构:主语+ will/shall/be going to +be + vt 过去分词1.感官动词、使役动词等在主动语态中后接零动词不定式变成被动语态时要加上“to”
即：----see/hear/notice sb. do sth.变为了
sb. be seen/heard/noticed to do sth.
----let/make/have sb. do sth.变为了
sb. be let/made/had to do sth. The workers are made to work all day.She is often heard to sing in the room .The boss makes the workers work all day.
I often hear her sing in the room.
使用被动语态的注意点：
① We saw them playing soccer over there.
② He asked me to buy some sugar.
I was asked to buy some sugar .They were seen playing soccer over there.主动
see sb. doing
hear sb. doing
watch sb. doing
notice sb. doing
tell sb. to do
want sb. to do
ask sb. to do
被动sb. be seen doing
sb. be heard doing
sb. be watched doing
sb. be noticed doing
sb. be told to do
sb. be wanted to do
sb. be asked to do
give sb.sth.
show sb.sth.
make sb.sth.
buy sb. sth. be given to sb.
be shown to sb.
be made for sb.
be bought for sb.主动被动2. 含有双宾语的主动、被动转换　 My mother bought me a new coat. A new coat was bought for me by my mother.注意：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
（习惯上把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语）
如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加to/forEg. We gave our teachers some flowers. Our teachers were given some flowers. Some flowers were given to our teachers. I was bought a new coat by my mother. 3. 主动语态中“动词+介词”或“动词+副词”的短语动词变为被动语态时，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。1.They look after the girl well.2.He often laughs at the poor boy.The girl is looked after well by them.The poor boy is often laughed at by him.They said that he would come back soon.It was said that he would come back soon.类似的还有：It is/was reported / believed/ supposed that ......4. 句型 It is/ was said that… “据说…”特殊句型的被动语态2.据说我的家乡可能要建一条新公路。
____________________________.
中考链接：It is said that a new road will be built in my home town.几种不用被动语态的情况：1.不及物动词（vi）没有被动语态, 直接用主动语态表示被动意义。如：happen, cost, die, fall ,start/begin, rise, appear, disappear， etc.This computer cost me 5, 000 yuan.
An accident happened to him yesterday.
The price is rising fast these days .2.一些短语动词相当于不及物动词，没有被动结构, 直接用主动形式来表示被动意义。如： take place, set out, come true, break out, break down, come out, belong to 等Our school sports meeting will take place next week.
His new book will come out next month.
My bike has broken down.
That book belongs to him.3.系动词（linking V）没有被动语态（seem, look, become, get, grow, turn, remain, stay, sound, feel, smell, taste等）The food tastes delicious .
His idea sounds very good.
The weather is getting hotter and hotter.
Her new dress feels very soft.4.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当他们与well, badly, easily等副词连用时表示主语内在品质或性能，无被动形式。 如：The cloth washes easily.
The pen writes smoothly.
The new product sells well.5.有些动词如need，be worth用主动的形式表被动的含义。need /want /require doing =
need /want /require to be doneThe watch needs repairing.e.g. Your hair needs cutting （同义句）
____________________ Your hair needs to be cut . The book is worth reading. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. The students ________ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
2. Vegetables, eggs and fruits _______ (sell) in this shop.
3. Knives ________ (use) for cutting things.
4. Footballs ___________ (play) by people.
5. The floor ________ (sweep) by my sister every day.
6. The trees _______________(plant) by them last year.are toldare soldare used are playedis sweptwere planted7.English ____________(speak) by many
people.
8. That building ____________(build) two
years ago.
9. This kind of computers ________ (make)
in China.
10. My watch ______________ (break down)
several times so far.
11. —Those flowers look every beautiful.
—Yes, they _____________ (water) by the
worker every day.is spoken was builtis madehas broken downare watered 12. Trees and flowers ___________(plant) every year to make our country more beautiful.
13. --When ______ the bridge ______(build)?
--Two years ago.
14. We will fly a kite as soon as your
homework __________ (finish).
15. A traffic accident ___________(happen) yesterday.
16. I hope that your dream ___________
(come ) true in the future.are plantedwas builtis finishedhappened will come17.--Why didn’t you go to Jim’s birthday party?
--Oh. I______________ (not invite).
18. ---When ____ the meeting _______(begin)?
---In half an hour.
19. It ____________ (not allow) to drive after
drinking wine.
20. .--What do you want, sir?
--Could you tell me if computers_______
(sell) in this shop ?
21. Our classroom __________ ( not clean ) yesterday. will begin wasn’t invited isn’t allowedare soldwasn’t cleaned22. _____your room ________ (clean) every day?
23. Both of the two books __________ ( lose) last Sunday.
24. The students ___________ ( ask ) to hand in their homework on time every day.
25. ---When this kind of computer
(make) in Hong Kong?Is cleanedwere lostare askedwasmade1. You are _______ to type quickly when talking to each other on QQ so the other person doesn’t get bored.
A. suggested B. supported
C. taught D. supposed2. —Look, what an old palace! It looks so great!—Yeah, it ______ nearly 800 years ago.
was building?? ? B. was built?? ??? ??? ?
C. has built?? ??? ??? ? D. is built选择填空: 3. Hong Kong ____ to be a good place for
shopping today. A. knows?? B. knew??
C. is known?? D. was known
4. Another two months will be needed before the new bridge _____.
A. completes?? ??? ?? B. is completed?? ???
? C. has completed?? D. will be completed5. Every year lots of trees ___ to make our country more beautiful.
A. is planted?? ??? B. was planted??? ??? ?
C. are planted?? ??? ? D. were planted
6. —Mum, can I go to the zoo with Linda?—When your homework ______, you can.
A. is finished ?? ??? ??? ?B. was finished ?? ??? ?
C. finishes ?? ??? ??? ? D. finished7. —____ the Internet ____ in your school? —Yes, but the computer in our office has
broken down.
A. Is, used　??? B. Is, using　????
C. Does, use????? D. Has, used
8. There was a big earthquake in Japan,
but luckily many people _______.
A. save B. saved
C. are saved D. were saved9. Last month a new law _____ in China to stop people from smoking in public places.
A. is made?? ??? ??? ? B. makes?? ??? ??? ?
C. had made?? ? D. was made
10. Last weekend, Jack ____ to a birthday party and he had a lot of fun.
A. invite B. was invited
C. invited D. is invited11. Today English _______ all over China.
A. teach B. teaches
C. is taught D. are taught
12. The meeting _______ two weeks ago.
A. hold B. was held
C. were held D. is held
13. The thief ________ by the police last night.
A. caught B. is caught
C. was caught D. were caught14. The photos _______ when I was young.
A. were taken B. was taken
C. are taken D. is taken
15. Millie is my best friend. I ___ often ____ to her party.
A. is invited B. am invited
C. are invited D. was invited
16. Last year Beijing ____ by a big sandstorm.
A. is hit B. were hit
C. will be hit D. was hit17.You can go out if your homework ______.
A. is done B. will do
C. will be done D. are finished
18.We found the ground ____ snow.
A. cover with B. is covered with
C. was covered with D. was covering
动词填空1. All the students __________(ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday.2. Are many ways _______(try) to stop people from cutting down so many trees?3.Usually the thunder __________ (hear) after the lightning.
(2009 无锡中考)4. This coat _________(wash) well.96. So far over 1000 English words ___________ (learn) by them.7. He couldn’t explain why dinosaurs ___________ (消失).8. I’ll have my bike __________________(修理) tomorrow.5. Must the old people ____________(speak) to politely?10.
were asked triedis heardwashesbe spokendisappearedmended／repairedThe composition ______ (hand) in tomorrow.Silk is often used for making shirts because it ____ soft. (feel)have been learnedbe handedfeels 1. He ___ often seen _____ basketball in the playground.
A. was; play B. was to play
C. is; play D. is; to play
2. Do you have any problems if you ____ this job?
Well, I’m thinking about the working day.
A. offer B. will offer
C. are offered D. will be offered
3. The story _____ in a small mountain village last year.
A. takes place B. took place
C. was taken place D. is taken place
4. The book _____me a hundred yuan.
A. was cost B. cost C. take D. spend D C B B 5. It is reported that the museum ____in our city in 2015.
A. will built B. was built
C. will be built D. has built
6. This book ____well. You should get one before they _______.
A. is sold ; sell out B. sold ; are sold out
C. sells; are sold out D. sell; sell out
7. The house ____ to my grandparents. They have lived there for over thirty years.
A. is belong B. belongs C. belong D. belongedC C BThank you!1. 去年这个村子建了一座新木桥。

2. 每天早晨各种各样的蔬菜被人们用卡车
运到城里。 All kinds of vegetables ___ ______ to the?
cities by trucks every morning. A new wood bridge ___ ____ in the village last year.was builtare carriedTranslate the sentences into English.3. 昨天有人给了我一支钢笔。

4. 昨晚我们听见这个男孩在隔壁房间唱歌。

5. 这艘轮船在大连生产。I ___ _____ a pen yesterday.The boy __ _____ to sing that song in the next room last night.This ship __ ________ in Dalian.was heardwas given is producedExercises把下列主动语态的句子变为被动语态,或把被动语态的句子变为主动语态。1. Tome often helps Jenny when she is in trouble.
Jenny is often helped by Tom when she is in trouble.2. I bought a computer last week.
A computer was bought by me last week.
3. The whole cake was eaten by Eddie yesterday.
Eddie ate the whole cake yesterday.4. Many trees are planted by students and teachers every year.
Students and teachers plant many tress every year.
5. She takes good care of the children.
The children are taken good care of by her.1.People use knives for cutting things.
Knives ______ ______ for cutting things.
2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.
The windows of their classroom______ _______ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）七嘴八舌1.People use knives for cutting things.
Knives ______ ______ for cutting things.
2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.
The windows of their classroom______ _______ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.I found the ticket on the floor.
______ ______ ______ ______ on the floor.
4.I told her to return the book in time.
She ______ _______ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told5. Last year we built a library in our
school.
A library _______ _______ in our school last year.
6.Now people can use computers to help them.
Now computers _______ ______ ______ to help them. was built can be used7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?
_______ ______ _______ _______ at this time last time?
8.Must we finish our work today?
_______ our work______ _______ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.
1) _______ ______ _______ some wonderful stamps.
2) Some wonderful stamps _______ ________ _______ _______. we were given were given to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.
Tom _______ ________ to turn on the computer.
11.In this factory women do most of the work.
Most of the work _______ ________ by women in this factory. was asked is done12.He can mend the bike in two days.
The bike ______ ______ _______ in two days.
13.You must take this medicine three times a day.
This medicine _______ _______ ________ three times a day. can be mended must be taken1. I bought a computer last week.
A computer was bought by me last week.
2. The whole cake was eaten by Eddie yesterday.
Eddie ate the whole cake yesterday.主被动句型转换3. Many trees are planted by students and teachers every year.
Students and teachers plant many tress every year.
4. She takes good care of the children.
The children are taken good care of by her.1. Review the contents of this lesson.
2. Finish the exercises in the workbook.
Fill in the blanks with the Passive Voice.
1、Tea _______ (grow) in Fujian.

2、Chinese __________ (speak) in China.

3、The bed __________ (use) for sleeping.

4、Our classroom _________ (clean) every day.

5、The cars __________ (make) in Beijing.
is grownis spokenis usedis cleanedare madeTranslate the following sentences using the proper voice1,许多人被邀请参加这次慈善活动。
2,需要更多的钱来支持这项工作。
3, 在贫困地区，每年很多学校被建起来。
4，电脑被年轻人广泛地使用。
Many people are invited to attend the charity.More money is needed to support the work.Many schools are built in poor areas every year.Computers are widely used by young people.5，有人帮助这些老人打扫房间。
6,每天早晨都能听得鸟儿的叫声。
7，每天有很多病人要动手术。
8，这款新手机很好销售。
9，这款新手机在这家店里有售。
The old are helped to clean their rooms .Some birds are heard to sing every morning.Many patients are operated on every day.The new kind of mobile phones sells well.The new kind of mobile phones are sold
in this shop.