【英语】定语从句的前世今生课件(共51张PPT)

(共51张PPT)
定语从句的
前世今生
The attributive clause
一、什么是定语？
给人和事物下定义的：
朕 喜欢 漂亮的 女孩
I like girls
attractive
定语：说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词
........的
什么是定语？
贱人就是矫情，敢跟我争宠的女人就都的死。
这几年的情爱与时光，终究是错付了！
你试过从天黑等到天亮的滋味吗？
那就赏夏常在一丈红吧！就算用她的血为宫里的枫叶积点颜色。
皇上难道没有听说过，温柔刀，刀刀割人性命吗？
你这个毒妇，朕要杀了你！
粉色的二哈
爱穿碧色衣服的浣碧
不是正红色的嫁衣
介词短语
一 定语
非谓语动词
从句
(定语从句）
She is a beautiful girl.
Amy is a woman teacher.
The girl in red is my sister.
I have something to say.
The boy singing is Tom.
Japan is a developed country.
I like people who smiles a lot.
定义：说明名词或代词的品质或特征，起修饰、限定的作用，翻译为“...的”
什么可以做定语
形容词
名词
two boys
his name
数词
物主代词
二、什么是定语从句？
用一个句子当定语：
朕 喜欢 漂亮的 女孩
朕 喜欢 长得像纯元（初恋）的 女孩
I like girls who/that look like Chunyuan.
三、定语位置
朕 喜欢 漂亮的 女孩
朕 喜欢 长得像纯元的 女孩
定语位置
汉语：所有前置
英语：
前置——词
后置——词组、短语、句子
3.位置：当定语是单词时，放在被修饰词的前面；当定语是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面
四、定语从句长啥样？
定语从句结构：主句+先行词+关系词+从句
I like girls who/that look like Chunyuan.
先行词
关系词
从句
主句
关系词（苏培盛）的作用
引导定语从句
替代先行词
充当句子成分
先行词：被修饰的名词或者代词
which
that
who
whose
whom
as
when
where
why
关系词的两大组队
甄嬛阵营——关系代词引导的定语从句
who、whom、whose、that、which、as
皇后阵营——关系副词引导的定语从句
when
where
why
方法：先找关系词-
前有谓，句子完；前无谓，谓二前
There is a girl who wants to see you.
The old man whom you saw yesterday is a thinker（思想家）.
划分定语从句
关系代词引导的定语从句
who、whom、whose、as、which、that
I like the man that can always smile in trouble.
作主语
This is the best book that I have ever read.
作宾语
1.关系代词 that
总结:that既可指__,又可指__, 在定语从句中作__语或__语.
人
物
主
宾
关系代词的用法
2.关系代词 which
总结:which只能指___，在定语从句中作___语或___语
物
作主语
This is a car which I bought last month.
作宾语
I love the book which has beautiful pictures.
主
宾
3.关系代词 who
总结：who只能指____，在定语从句中作____语或____语。
Do you know the girl who just come in
作主语
This is the boy who you are waiting for.
作宾语
人
主
宾
4.关系代词 whom
总结：whom只能指____，在定语从句中作____语,可以用_______ 来代替。
She is the girl whom I saw yesterday.
作宾语
人
宾
The girl whom the solider rescued yesterday is John’s
sister.
作宾语
who
5.关系代词 whose
总结: whose既可指____，又可指___,表示______关系，后面跟名词，在定语从句中作____语.
定
作定语
作定语
I have a friend whose father is a doctor.
He lives in a house whose windows face sea.
whose=friend’s
whose=the house’s
人
物
所属
找一找，这些句子有什么特点
1. He is the man I met yesterday.
2.The team Lang Ping had built was falling apart.
3.The mental strength he showed made him unique.
4. She is the lady I told you about.
总结：关系代词who,whom,which ,that做__语时可以省略。
宾
6.关系代词 as
as可以引导限制性定语从句，用来指代与先行词同类型的人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。常用于such/so...as..., the same...as..., as many/ much...as..., as many/ much as...等句型中。
作表语
作宾语
She is not the same girl as she was.
You can take as many candies as you want.
Do you have such chair as we like？
作宾语
注意：“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句
介词 + 关系代词=关系副词
(1)关系代词的确定
①当先行词是人时，用介词 + whom 引导定语从句：
Do you know the girl with ________ our teacher is talking
②当先行词是物时，用介词 + which引导定语从句：
This is the room in ___________ my grandmother used to live.
whom
which
关系代词 可以指代 在从句中作成分
who 人 主 、宾 、表（作宾语时可省略）
whom 人 宾
whose 人、物 定语
that 人、物 主 、宾 、表（作宾语和表语时可省略）
which 物 主 、宾 、表（作宾语时可省略）
as 人、物 主、宾、表
Attention
只用that不用which的情况
① I am sure she has something that you can borrow.
我肯定她有你可以借的东西。
② Do you have anything that you don't understand
你有什么不明白的吗？
① This is the first book (that) he has read.
这是他读的第一本书。
② This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
（2）先行词被序数词或最高级修饰
（1）当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词关系词只能用that。
（3）先行词既有人又有物
① They talked about the persons and things that they remembered.
他们谈论他们记得的人和事。
② Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.
你看那人和他的驴，正走在街上。
（4）先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much,
the only, the very, the last, just, right等修饰。
① I've read all the books that are written by him.
他写的书我都读过了。
② This is the very book that belongs to him.
这正是他的书。
（5）当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，而中心
词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that
① Who is the girl that drove the car
开车的女孩是谁？
② Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
哪件T恤衫最适合我？
He isn't the boy ____ he was.
that
当关系代词本身在定语从句中作表语时，只用that。
There is an office in the building _____ is still free.
主句为there be句型，先行词为物时常用that引导定语从句。
that
Attention
只用who不用that的情况
① 当先行词是先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one,ones,
anyone, anybody,nobody, all, none等不定代词和those时
① Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.
那些想去看电影的人将不得不在学校门口等候。
② Anyone who breaks the laws should be punished.
任何违反法律的人都应该受到惩罚。
③ I've told all who will attend the meeting.
我已经通知所有与会人员。
② 当先行词有较长后置定语时
I met a girl in blue yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province.
③ 一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个用who。
The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
④主句为there be句型，先行词为人用who引导定语从句。
There is a young man who wants to see your father.
关系副词引导的定语从句
when 、where 、why
①当先行词为表示时间的名词(如：day, time, week, month, year等)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，定语从句用when引导。
I can never forget the day when I first saw you.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。
关系副词的用法
②当先行词为表示具体地点的名词，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，定语从句用where引导。
He returned to the small town where he grew up.
他回到儿时成长的那个小镇。
注意：where 还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如position(位置,境地), stage(阶段), situation(环境), case(情况), occasion(场合)，activity, point(地步)，spot(地点)， 等。
The accident has reached to the point where both their parents are to be called in. 事情发展到如此地步，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。
③当先行词为表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语，定语从句用why引导。
Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they’re not doing well.
不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。
关系代词
关系副词
翻牌子
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
找到先行词
先行词代指人还是物
从句中缺少什么成分
选定恰当的关系词
口诀: 前看先行词, 辩清人或物
后看从句里, 有无主宾语
如何选择关系词
先行词是________:
①关系词在定语从句中____________，用_________；
②关系词在定语从句中____________，用__________；
1. I still remember the time _________ we studied English together. (作________)
2. I still remember the time ___________ we spent together. (作________)
when
状语
which/that
宾语
时间
作状语
when
不作状语
which/that
先行词是________:
①关系词在定语从句中____________，用__________；
②关系词在定语从句中____________，用___________；
1. This is the factory _______ we worked last year. (作________)
2. This is the factory _________we visited last year. (作________)
地点
作状语
where
不作状语
which/that
where
状语
which/that
宾语
先行词是________:
①关系词在定语从句中____________，用__________；
②关系词在定语从句中____________，用___________；
1. The reason ________ he didn’t come is not known.
(作________)
2. The reason ____________ he told us is reasonable.
(作________)
原因
作状语
why
不作状语
which/that
状语
which/that
宾语
why
定
语
从
句
的
关
系
词
关系
代词
关系
副词
指人
指物
who(主语，宾语)，whom(宾语)，
that(主语，宾语，表语), whose(定语)
as（主、宾、表）
that(主语，宾语),which(主语，宾语)
whose(定语)，as（主、宾、表）
where (地点状语)
when (时间状语)
why (原因状语)
二、“划”——划分定语从句
三、“判”——差成分：①主、宾、定、表、状
②有无特殊情况
四、“选”——正确选用先行词
一、“找”——找到关系词和先行词人/物
如何选用定语从句的关系词
口诀: 前看先行词, 辩清人或物
后看从句里, 有无主宾语
This is the college ________________I visited three years ago.
先行词
定语从句
the college
在从句充当宾语，用关系代词
先行词指物，作宾语，用that/which/不填
1. Here are some of the people ______ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.
2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people ______ were asleep.
3. The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything ______________ they could find.
4. Several days later, most of the buildings ____________ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.
whose
who
that/不填
that/which
Activity 1 : Complete each sentence with suitable relative pronouns. Then translate the sentences into Chinese.
5. The injured boy ______ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.
6. The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by ______ she was rescued.
7. Is this the young boy ________ saved several other students trapped and buildings
whose
whom
who/that
1.我喜欢音乐家.
2.音乐家能演奏各种音乐.
我喜欢能演奏各种音乐的音乐家。
Activity 2:合并下列句子
1.我有一个朋友.
2.朋友喜欢读书.
我有一个喜欢读书的朋友。
如何合并两个句子为一个包含定语从句的复合句？
1. 找相同成分，定为先行词
2. 判断先行词为人，还是物
3. 选定主句和从句
4. 看先行词在从句中做什么成分，确定关系词
5.将关系词代替从句中的相同成分。
1.我喜欢音乐家.
2.音乐家能演奏各种音乐.
我喜欢能演奏各种音乐的音乐家。
Activity 2:合并下列句子
1.我有一个朋友.
2.朋友喜欢读书.
我有一个喜欢读书的朋友。
I have a friend who/that likes reading.
I like musicians who can play all kinds of music
1.他展示给我他丢钱包的地方。
He showed me the place where he lost his wallet.
2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。
I don’t know the girl whom/that you speak to.
3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。
She is a girl who is called Mary.
造句练习
① The doctor that you are looking for is in the room.
② The building that stands near the river is our school.
先行词
关系词
从句主语
从句谓语
宾语
先行词
关系词
主语
谓语
宾语
再识定语从句结构
This is the book which he is reading.
Tom sold his car which was bought 5 years ago.
先行词
关系词
主语
谓语
宾语
先行词
关系词
主语
谓语
The student who is answering the question is John.
Tom is a freshman whose English is fluent.
Mr. Liu is the person whom you talked about on the bus.
先行词
引导词
谓语
宾语
主语
先行词
引导词
主语
系动词
表语
定语
先行词
引导词
主语
谓语
宾语
Don’t forget your homework:
Review what we have learnt about attributive clause .
Finish exercises on papers.