UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE 课件（共5份）

(共68张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　WRITING WORKSHOP，VIEWING WORKSHOP & READING CLUB
语篇研析·教材精读
1．It is necessary that your diet is ______ and balanced.
2．He believes that you have ___________ in music.
3．The ___________described the library as the focal point of learning on the campus.
4．She has __________ the stars all her life for science.
5．The number of families seeking ________rose by 17.
6．No cigarette is completely ___________to our bodies.
varied
originality
brochure
observed
shelter
harmless
词
汇
预
习
Ⅰ.重点单词
(一)选用下面的单词并用其适当形式填空
brochure；shelter；observe；varied；scary；harmless；originality；disappearance
(二)写出下列词汇的派生词
1．_______ vt.观察；注意→observation n．观察
2．vary v．相异；变化→_______adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
3．harm n．害处；伤害vt.伤害→___________adj.无害的
4．original adj.原始的；最初的；原创的→___________ n．独创性；创造力
5．disappear v．消失→_______________ n．消亡；消失
observe
varied
harmless
originality
disappearance
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．hold on ______ 坚持
2．stay ______ 保持冷静
3．be home ____ 是……的家园；原产地是……
4．be made ____ of 由……组成
5．be based ____ 以……为基础
to
calm
to
up
on
Step 1　Fast reading
Read the text and match the general idea of each part.
1．Paras.1－2 A．What to do if you are in a car in an earthquake.
2．Paras.3－5 B．What to do if you are indoors in an earthquake.
3．Paras.6－7 C．What to do if you are outdoors in an earthquake.
答案：1－3　BCA
教
材
精
读
Step 2　Careful reading
Read the text carefully and judge whether it is True or False.
1．If you're indoors，you should try to run out of the building during an earthquake.( )
2．If you're outdoors，move away from anything that can fall and go to open areas.( )
3．If you're in a car，stop your car as soon as you can under a tree and stay seated.( )
F
T
F
Step 3　Post reading
According to the text fill in the blanks with an appropriate word or the correct form of the words in brackets.
If you're indoors，the most important thing is to protect yourself as 1._______ as you can.If you're outdoors，move to open 2.______ (area). Buildings，trees，streetlights and power lines can fall down during an earthquake. Find a shelter 3._____ you can stay.If you're in a car，stop your car as soon as you can，but avoid 4.__________(stop) near a building or under a tree. Stay 5.______ (seat)．Stay calm in your car.The car's metal body can protect you from falling objects.
much
areas
where
stopping
seated
随堂训练·巩固提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
If you see a group of kids hitting and abusing an animal，would you stop them Would you at least call the police Again people would walk away.Some people do not believe that animal abuse is a big issue.
Every day animals are abused in their homes or on the streets.It seems as if politicians do nothing to stop this issue.Everyone is worried about education and global warming.What about animals We should not ignore them just because they cannot talk to us.Animals，like us humans，have rights.Every living being has the right to warm shelter and good food，but most importantly，they have the right to be wanted and loved.They have the right to be a special，much loved member of their own family.
There are many organizations that deal with abused animals or animals that have no home like ASPCA，PETA，the Humane Society and many more.There are organizations that deal with this issue，but that does not mean that we still shouldn't help.The biggest saying that bothers me is，“I am only one person.I can't make a difference.” If everyone thought like that，we wouldn't have the organizations and loving people who help the world every day.By helping one animal，you are making a difference.
There are many things you can do right now to help animals around your neighborhood.You can volunteer at your local animal shelter，raise money for animal shelters，inform your community about animal abuse or you can write to your representatives and tell them that animal abuse needs to be taken seriously.
As you walk down the street，try to help any animals you see walking around.You can easily buy a cheap box of dry cat or dog food to feed the animals.If we do not help our animals now，we may never have animals again.Always remember that with every step you take，you help save an animal's life and isn't that worth fighting for
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。倡导人人爱护动物。文章首先介绍了虐待动物的情况，说明动物也有被爱和需要的权利。尽管已经有一些机构专门从事动物保护的工作，但是作者提倡每个人从自我做起，爱护动物，坚决制止虐待动物的行为。
1．Why won't some people stop kids from abusing animals
A．Because they are too busy to worry about the animals.
B．Because they don't take animal abuse seriously.
C．Because they just leave it to the police.
D．Because they are afraid of being laughed at.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “Some people do not believe that animal abuse is a big issue.”可知，有些人并不相信虐待动物是一个大问题。故选B。
2．What can we learn about ASPCA from the text
A．It is another name for the Humane Society.
B．It provides shelter for both animals and humans.
C．It deals with such issues as education and global warming.
D．It aims at protecting animals from being abused.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“There are many organizations that deal with abused animals or animals that have no home like ASPCA”可知，有很多组织，致力于处理虐待动物、流浪动物等动物保护事务，例如ASPCA，故选D。
3．Which of the following statements will the author agree with
A．Dogs have the right to be treated kindly.
B．One person cannot possibly make a difference.
C．Cruelty to animals deserves more attention than global warming.
D．It is the politicians' duty to stop animal abuse.
解析：A　细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“Every living being has the right to warm shelter and good food，but most importantly，they have the right to be wanted and loved.They have the right to be a special，much loved member of their own family.”可知，每一个生物都有获得温暖的住所和食物的权利。更重要的是，它们有被需要和被爱的权利。他们有权利成为特别的、更加被关爱的家庭成员。故选A。
4．What's the main purpose of the text
A．To criticize those who abuse animals.
B．To advise people to stop animal abuse.
C．To show how animals are abused.
D．To explain why people abuse animals.
解析：B　主首大意题。 文章介绍了虐待动物的情况，说明动物也有被爱和需要的权利。尽管已经有一些机构专门从事动物保护的工作，但是作者提倡每个人从自我做起，爱护动物，坚决制止虐待动物的行为。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I was visiting Costa Rica when I found myself in a bad situation：all my bank cards weren't __1__ abroad，and I only had $5 and a return ticket in two weeks. Back then，there were no cellphones or Internet.It was __2__who came to my rescue to get me home.
I thought the city dangerous and decided to find kind people in the __3__．With my remaining coins，I __4__ to the bus station and found a countryside that I could __5__．Five hours later，I arrived at Santa Rosa.I went knocking door to door，__6__ my situation with my very poor Spanish，__7__ everyone pointed me to another house.
Finally，I __8__ a Chinese restaurant.The owner was extremely __9__．She heard my story and felt __10__ for me.She said her son had a similar __11__．At that time，some other people were very kind to him，and she remembered how __12__ that made her feel.She invited me in，gave me food，and called the Red Cross to __13__ me.I spent my remaining days in Costa Rica with the head of Red Cross.
I realized that being able to receive kindness is a __14__ for other people as well.And kindness __15__ more kindness in small ripples (波纹)．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。十年前，作者在哥斯达黎加旅行时，发现自己的处境很糟糕。他只知道基本的西班牙语，而他拥有的唯一财产是一些硬币。他四处求助，直到有一位中国餐馆的老板帮助了他。能够接受善意也是给别人的一份礼物，而善意会在小小的波纹中激起更多的善意。
1．A．working　　 B．paying
C．travelling D．increasing
解析：A　句意：我所有的银行卡都不能在国外使用。A．work工作，起作用；B.pay付钱；C.travel 旅行；D.increase增加。根据“and I only had $5 and a return ticket in two weeks”可知，作者的银行卡在国外使用不了。故选A。
2．A．villagers B．tourists
C．visitors D．strangers
解析：D　句意：是陌生人来救我，把我带回家。A．villager村民；B.tourist 游客；C.visitor参观者；D.stranger陌生人。根据下文可知，是一家餐馆的老板帮助了作者，所以是陌生人。故选D。
3．A．street B．town
C．countryside D．community
解析：C　句意：我觉得城市很危险，于是决定到乡下去寻找善良的人。A．street大街；B.town城镇；C.countryside乡下；D.community社区。根据“I thought the city dangerous”可知，作者认为城市太危险，所以到乡下寻找善良人帮助。故选C。
4．A．drove B．flew
C．headed D．slid
解析：C　句意：带着剩下的硬币，我去了汽车站，找到了一个我能付得起(车票)的乡村。A．drive 驾驶；B.fly飞；C.head前进；D.slide下滑。head to sp.前往某地。故选C。
5．A．buy B．afford
C．rent D．earn
解析：B　句意同上。A．buy 买；B.afford付得起；C.rent租；D.earn赚得。根据“With my remaining coins”可知，因为作者只剩下一些硬币，所以只能买付得起的车票。故选B。
6．A．explaining B．sharing
C．exchanging D．exploring
解析：A　句意：我挨家挨户敲门，用我那蹩脚的西班牙语解释我的处境。A．explain解释；B.share 分享；C.exchange交换；D.explore探索。根据“with my very poor Spanish”可知，作者用蹩脚的西班牙语解释自己的处境。故选A。
7．A．or B．but
C．and D．therefore
解析：B　句意：但每个人都指我到另外一家。A．or或者；B.but但是；C.and和；D.therefore因此。根据前后句可知，这里为转折关系。故选B。
8．A．thought of B．heard of
C．arrived at D．aimed at
解析：C　句意：最后，我来到了一家中国餐馆。A．think of想到；B.hear of听说；C.arrive at到达；D.aim at旨在。由语境可知，作者到了一家中国餐馆。故选C。
9．A．rich B．kind
C．busy D．serious
解析：B　句意：店主非常和蔼可亲。A．rich富的；B.kind善良的；C.busy 忙的；D.serious严肃的。根据下文可知，店主非常善良，主动帮助作者。故选B。
10．A．proud B．happy
C．excited D．sorry
解析：D　句意：她听了我的故事，对我感到同情。A．proud骄傲的；B.happy高兴的；C.excited 激动的；D.sorry 难过的。feel sorry for sb.同情某人。故选D。
11．A．adventure B．experience
C．failure D．strategy
解析：B　句意：她说她的儿子也有类似的经历。A．adventure冒险；B.experience经历；C.failure 失败；D.strategy策略。根据“At that time，some other people were very kind to him”可知，店主的儿子也有过类似的经历。故选B。
12．A．warm B．curious
C．cool D．strange
解析：A　句意：她记得那使她感到多么温暖。A．warm温暖的；B.curious 好奇的；C.cool冷漠的；D.strange奇怪的。别人善待她的儿子，她的心里感到非常温暖。故选A。
13．A．choose B．calm
C．comfort D．rescue
解析：D　句意：她邀请我进去，给我食物，打电话给红十字会来救我。A．choose选择；B.calm 镇静；C.comfort 安慰；D.rescue拯救。根据上文“It was __2__who came to my rescue to get me home.”提示可知，店主打电话给红十字会来救作者。故选D。
14．A．gift B．trouble
C．trap D．request
解析：A　句意：我意识到能够接受善意也是给别人的礼物。A．gift礼物；B.trouble麻烦；C.trap陷阱；D.request要求。故选A。
15．A．improves B．challenges
C．encourages D．designs
解析：C　句意：并且善意会在小小的波纹中激发起更多的善意。A．improve提高；B.challenge 挑战；C.encourage激发；D.design设计。这里指善意会传递，激发起更多的善意。故选C。
知识探究·讲练互动
1.shelter n．避难所 v．躲避；为……提供避难的地方
Find a shelter where you can stay.(教材原句)
找一个你可以躲避的地方。
【语境体验】
①We often (take) shelter from the rain in the doorway now.
现在，我们经常在那处门廊避雨。
②The wall sheltered us from the enemy's gunfire.
这堵墙保护我们免遭敌人炮火的攻击。
(take) shelter from ...　　躲避……
shelter sb./sth. from... 保护某人/某物以避免……
归纳 拓展
【学以致用】
单句语法填空
①They found shelter ______ the sun under a tree.
②We must find a place __________ (shelter) from the downpour.
from
to shelter
2．observe vt.观察；注意
Observe carefully before you move away.(教材原句)
离开前仔细观察。
【语境体验】
①It was observed that successful people spent a lot more time reading than they did watching TV.
据观察，成功人士花在阅读上的时间比看电视的时间多很多。
②When I passed his house，I observed him playing in his yard.
当我经过他家时，我注意到他正在院子里玩耍。
③They were observed to open the window and jump into the house.
他们被看到打开了窗户，然后跳进了房间。
(1)observe sb.do sth.　观察某人做某事(全过程)
observe sb.doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事
observe on/upon 说；评说
(2)under observation 正在被观察
归纳 拓展
【名师指津】　observe作“观察；注意”讲时，可用省去to的动词不定式或v.-ing形式作宾语补足语；但如果用于被动语态，省去的动词不定式符号to要还原。
【学以致用】
(1)写出下列句中observe的含义及词性
①Though having lived abroad for years，many Chinese still observe traditional customs.___________
②As often happens, people with good eyesight fail to see what is right in front of them，for they have too much to observe.___________
③Could you tell me how you usually observe the Spring Festival in your country？___________
④The police observed the man entering the bank.
__________________________
vt.遵守
vt.观察
vt.庆祝
vt.监视到；注意到
(2)用go的适当形式填空
⑤They observed him _______ upstairs.
⑥He was not observed ________ to the store.
go
to go
3．be home to (＝be the home of)是……的产地/栖息地/发源地
New Zealand is home to nearly 5 million people，30 million sheep and 10 million cows.(教材原句)
新西兰是将近500万人，3，000万绵羊和1，000万奶牛的家园。
【语境体验】
①Changbaishan is home to a great diversity of plants and animals.
长白山是各种各样动植物的生长地。
②Make yourself at home when you are at my home.
在我家里不要拘束。
③Newspapers both at home and abroad ignored the incident.
国内外报纸都不理会这一事件。
at home and abroad　　国内外
feel at home 感觉舒适，不拘束
make oneself at home 别客气，别拘束
归纳 拓展
【学以致用】
(1)完成句子
①他们在一起感到很自在。
They ______________ with each other.
②请坐，别拘束。
Sit down please and _____________________．
(2)同义句转换
③China is the home of football.
→China ____________ football.
feel at home
make yourself at home
is home to
4．That leaves the wolves with nothing to eat so they start attacking the farmers' animals.(教材原句)
狼没什么吃的了，所以它们开始攻击农夫的动物。
【句型剖析】　本句中的“with nothing to eat”是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”复合结构作宾补。
【语境体验】
①With so many famous artists to perform that day, the exhibition will be a great feast for the eyes.
那天将有很多著名艺术家表演，这个展览将是一场视觉盛宴。
②With all the work finished, they felt relaxed.
所有的工作都做完了，他们感到很放松。
③With so many people staring at me, I felt very nervous.
这么多人盯着我看，我感到很紧张。
“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”复合结构常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语，也可作后置定语。
(1)with＋宾语＋doing ...(表主动或正在进行)
with＋宾语＋done (表被动或完成)
with＋宾语＋to do sth.(表将来的动作)
with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.
(2)without＋宾语＋doing sth.在……没有做某事的情况下
归纳 拓展
【学以致用】
单句语法填空
①With all the things she needed ______ (buy)，she went home happily.
②With a lot of homework _____ (do), I can't go skating with you.
③With several problems remaining ____________ (solve), we still needed to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
④He lay on the grass with his eyes _______ (look)at the sky.
bought
to do
to be solved
looking
随堂训练·巩固提升
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He displayed some ___________(创造性) in his works.
2．His _______________(失踪) was connected with the robbery.
3．The __________ (宣传册)offers a wide choice of hotels, apartments and holiday homes.
4．His excuses were v_____ every time he was late for school.
5．Many are sleeping in the open because they have no s______．
6．This experiment was h_______ to the animals.
originality
disappearance
brochure
aried
helter
armless
Ⅱ.选词填空
be made up of；be based on；hold on to；be home to；stay calm
1．It's important that you _____________ and in control of your temper.
2．This film ______________ a true story that had happened after the earthquake.
3．In all, I believe in my potentiality and ____________ my dream!
4．The park ____________ bears, wolves, and other wild animals.
5．This collection _______________ three parts：poems, essays and short stories.
stay calm
was based on
hold on to
is home to
is made up of
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．运动员赛前训练得越刻苦，他/她获胜的可能性就越大。
The harder an athlete trains before a match，_____________________ ______________．
2. 随着科学技术的迅速发展，谁能预测到将来会有什么样的发明？
____________________________________________，who can predict what inventions there will be in the future
3．有那么多问题要去处理，这位经理很着急。
_________________________________, the manager is very worried.
the more possibly he /
she will win
With science and technology developing rapidly
With so many problems to deal with
课时规范训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．With his legs _______ (injure)seriously, he can't move now.
2．At first nobody noticed the child's _______________(disappear)．
3．As far as I could tell, neither of us was under __________ (observe).
4．A rich and ______ (vary) cultural life is important for this couple.
5．This medicine is ____________________ (harm)to human beings.
6．The real topics here are creativity and ___________(original)．
injured
disappearance
observation
varied
harmless/harmful
originality
7．The more I think about it, the _____ (bad)I feel.
8．With so much work _____ (do), I shall not be able to go to the cinema with you.
9．The study group is made ____ of the best students in the class.
10．The forest is home ____ many beautiful birds in this area.
worse
to do
up
to
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Nature has created many ways to protect creatures' eyes.The most common protection is the eyelid—a fold of skin that closes over the eye, protecting it from damage.Eyelashes are useful for keeping out dust and other things, and tears wash away any small pieces that get through the other defenses.
Some creatures, including most birds, have three eyelids.The upper and lower lids act like human lids and keep out little tree branches, dirt, and sand.The third eyelid, however, is a semitransparent tissue(半透明组织) that crosses over the eye from the inside corner to the outside corner.Because of this protective membrane(隔膜), birds seldom have to blink.They close their eyes only when they go to sleep.For ducks, this third eyelid serves as an underwater diving mask that helps the ducks find food.
Most fish and snakes have no eyelids at all.Instead, a hard glassy covering protects their eyes.For fish, water constantly sweeps away dirt from the covering. And a snake's eyesight is usually so bad that a little dirt obscuring its vision does not disturb it greatly.
Eyelashes defend the eye by shading it from strong light.They also act like mini brushes to remove dust.Camels have eyelashes that are four inches long to protect their eyes from wind-blown sand in the desert.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。大自然创造了许多方法来保护生物的眼睛，眼睑是保护眼睛不受损伤的皮肤褶皱，睫毛可以用来挡住灰尘和其他的东西。作者列举了一些动物例如：鸟类、禽类、鱼类等等做进一步说明。
1．Why do birds not often blink
A．They don't need to sleep a lot.
B．Their upper and lower lids can keep away little branches, dirt and sand.
C．Eyelashes act like mini brushes to remove dust.
D．They have a kind of tissue to cover the eyes.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The third eyelid, however, is a semitransparent tissue(半透明组织) that crosses over the eye from the inside corner to the outside corner.Because of this protective membrane(隔膜), birds seldom have to blink.”( 然而，第三眼睑是一个半透明的组织，从内眼角一直覆盖到外眼角。由于这种保护膜，鸟类很少眨眼睛。)，可知，鸟不常眨眼是因为它们有一种覆盖眼睛的组织。故选D。
2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage
A．Ducks don't close their eyes even when they go to sleep.
B．A little dirt doesn't disturb a snake's eyesight badly because its eyesight is very good.
C．Eyelashes help to keep away small pieces that get through the other two defenses.
D．Some creatures have a hard covering to protect their eyes instead of eyelids.
解析：D　细节理解题。第三段第一、二句“Most fish and snakes have no eyelids at all.Instead, a hard glassy covering protects their eyes.”(大多数鱼和蛇根本没有眼睑，取而代之是一层坚硬的似玻璃覆盖物保护它们的眼睛。)与D项“Some creatures have a hard covering to protect their eyes instead of eyelids.”(一些生物有一层坚硬的覆盖物替代眼睑去保护眼睛。)相符合。文中“have no eyelids at all”与D选项中的“instead of eyelids”相对应；文中的“a hard glassy covering protects their eyes” 与D选项中的“a hard covering to protect their eyes”相对应。故选D。
3．What can be concluded from the passage
A．Eyelids are more important in protecting creatures' eyes than other devices.
B．Creatures develop different modes of eye protection in different environments.
C．Birds often close their eyes in the daytime.
D．A fish's eyelid is a hard glassy covering.
解析：B　推理判断题。由“Some creatures, including most birds, have three eyelids.”，“Most fish and snakes have no eyelids at all.Instead，a hard glassy covering protects their eyes.”，“Camels have eyelashes that are four inches long to protect their eyes from wind-blown sand in the desert.”可知，有些生物，包括大多数鸟类，有三个眼睑。大多数鱼和蛇根本没有眼睑，取而代之的是一层坚硬的似玻璃覆盖物保护它们的眼睛。骆驼的睫毛有四英寸长，可以保护眼睛免受沙漠中风沙的侵袭。由此推断出生物在不同的环境中形成不同的眼睛保护模式。故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The movie Life of Pi stresses the importance of the 1.________ (protect) of wild animals.The boy 2.________ is called Pi ends up in a boat with a very fierce tiger after his ship sinks.
Pi must pay great attention 3.________ what the tiger is doing at all times.He knows that if he 4.________ (bite) by the tiger, he will die.To avoid being attacked by the 5.________ (power) tiger, Pi builds a raft (木筏) 6.______ he sits, but the tiger frequently threatens to attack Pi.With nothing 7.________ (hunt), the tiger becomes weak.
Finally, they find land and Pi sighs 8.________ relief. 9.________， the ending is sad because the tiger runs away.The film attaches special importance to the way man and animals need to find to live 10.______ (peace) together.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一部关于人和动物和谐相处的电影。
1．protection　考查名词。所填词在句中作介词of的宾语，应用名词形式，故填protection“保护”。
2．who/that　考查定语从句。先行词是the boy，空格后面的从句缺少主语，故用who/that引导定语从句。
3．to　考查固定搭配。pay attention to“注意”。固定搭配。
4．is bitten　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据if条件句中主句的一般将来时态，可知if从句应用一般现在时，又bite与主语he为动宾关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，又因主语为单数，故填is bitten。
5．powerful　考查形容词。所填词在句中作定语修饰名词tiger，应用形容词形式，故填powerful “强大的”。
6．where　考查定语从句。先行词是a raft，空格后面的从句中缺少地点状语，用where引导定语从句。
7．to hunt　考查非谓语动词。句意：由于没有东西猎捕，老虎变得虚弱了。不定式作宾补。
8．in　考查介词。in relief “如释重负地”。
9．However　考查连词。空格前后的分句为转折关系，且空格后有逗号，位于句首首字母大写，故填However。
10．peacefully　考查副词。所填词应在句中修饰动词live，应用副词形式，故填peacefully “和平地”。Section
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课时规范训练
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Section Ⅱ　LESSON 2 PROFESSIONAL RESCUE TEAM & LESSON 3 RACE TO THE POLE
语篇研析·教材精读
1．He has rightly ___________ his holiday in Spain to return to London.
2．We must take preventive ___________to reduce crime in the area.
3．The __________ kept a journal of his adventures.
4．In my youth my __________ had been to be an inventor.
5．She had an ____________on her knee at the clinic.
6．In the past, studying abroad was a _______ dream for most people.
interrupted
measures
explorer
ambition
operation
distant
词
汇
预
习
Ⅰ.重点单词
（一）选用下面的单词并用其适当形式填空
attempt；interrupt；measure；protection；breathe；explorer；preparation；anxiously；ambition；operation；cheerful；distant；honesty；sincerity；bravery
7．He is practicing every day, in ___________ for the ice-skating championship.
8．_______ and trust are the foundations of business.
9．They had faced one difficulty after another with ________and determination.
preparation
Honesty
bravery
(二)写出下列词汇的派生词
1．die v．死去→______ adj.死去的→_____ n．死，死亡
2．operate v．操控，掌控；起作用；动手术→___________ n．行动，活动；手术；操作
3．suffer v．遭受……痛苦→___________ n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨
4．protect v．保护→___________ n．保护；防护
dead
death
operation
suffering
protection
5．breath n．呼吸→_______ vi.& vt.呼吸
6．explore v．勘探；探险→___________ n．探险者；勘察者→ ___________ n．探险；探索
7．prepare v．准备→___________ n．预备，准备
8．anxious adj.焦虑的→___________ adv.焦虑地；不安地→_______ n．忧虑；担心
9．ambitious adj.有理想的，有野心的→__________ n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿
10．cheer n．欢呼声；喝彩声 v．欢呼；喝彩 →___________adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的
breathe
explorer
exploration
anxiously
anxiety
ambition
cheerful
preparation
11．_______ adj.久远的；遥远的→distance n. 距离；间距
12．honest adj.诚实的→_______ n．坦诚；诚实，正直
13．brave adj.勇敢的→_______ n．勇气；勇敢的行为
distant
honesty
bravery
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．______ preparation for ...　为……做准备
2．breathe ____ 吸气
3．run _____ 用完；耗尽
4．break ______ 停止运转，出故障
5．ahead ____... (时间、空间)在……前面；早于；领先
6．meet the end ______ 以……而终结
7．carry ____ 继续；接着；坚持
8．fail ____ do sth. 没能做……；失败
in
in
out
down
of
with
on
to
Step 1　Fast reading
Skim the text for the main idea of each part.
教
材
精
读
Paras. Main Ideas
1 The race to ①__________________ began.
2－4 Amundsen's team ②__________________.
5－10 ③____________________ was of great difficulty.
11 Scott and his companions became heroes because of ④_____________.
the South Pole
won the race
The return journey
great courage
Step 2　Careful reading
Ⅰ.Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Which of the following is a fact about the team of Captain Scott
A．Captain Scott set out earlier than Roald Amundsen.
B．Captain Scott started on 1 June 1910 and marched non-stop till 17 January, 1912.
C．On their way back, they carried 20 kilos of rocks all the way with them.
D．The whole team died from hunger.
2．Which of the following can NOT be the cause of the failure of the race for Captain Scott
A．They had to push the sledge themselves.
B．A storm broke out at a wrong time.
C．They spent time writing home instead of struggling.
D．The horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
3．The story mainly tells us ________．
A．an experience of the race to the Pole
B．the lesson from Captain Scott
C．the way to the South Pole can be too hard
D．enough food will ensure us to go
答案：1－3　CCA
Ⅱ.Read the text carefully and fill in the form below.
Topic The ①______ to the Pole
Amundsen's
successful
expedition ·Amundsen from Norway was the first to leave，on 8 September，
1911.
·He had teams of ②______ pulling sledges and all his men were on skis，because of which he made ③________________.
·Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December，1911 and put their national ④______ there.Then he prepared for the return journey.
Race
dogs
rapid progress
flag
Topic The ①______ to the Pole
Scott's difficult
but courageous
expedition ·Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems.
·The horses had difficulties with the snow and the cold，and the sledges broke down.After a while，Scott and his men had to ⑤______ the sledges themselves.
·Scott and four team members finally reached the Pole and they were ⑥_______ by the Norwegian's first arrival.
push
shocked
Race
Topic The ①______ to the Pole
Result and
implied meaning ·The return journey was hard for Scott and his men.They were ⑦___________________ and running out of food and the weather was terrible.All of the men died in the ⑧___________．
·Scott and his men ⑨______ to win the race to the Pole but they were made into heroes because of their extraordinary ⑩_______.
Race
tired/exhausted
exploration
failed
courage
Step 3　Post reading
According to the text of Lesson 3 fill in the blanks with an appropriate word or the correct form of the words in brackets.
On 1 June, 1910, Captain Scott began his journey 1.__ Antarctica.At the same time, the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen was also going south. During the polar summer, both teams organised food bases in 2.___________ (prepare) for their journeys.Amundsen reached the Antarctica first.Then he prepared for the return journey.Scott 3._______(final) arrived at the Pole.They 4.____________ (shock) when they saw the Norwegian flag.Scott wrote sadly in his diary：“Well, we have turned our back now on the goal of our ambition and must face our 800 miles of solid dragging—and good- bye to most of the 5._________ (daydream)．”
to
preparation
finally
were shocked
daydreams
The return journey was one of the worst in the exploration.The weather conditions were terrible.Scott realised their 6.________ (hope) situation：“... we are unendingly cheerful，7.____ what each man feels in his heart I can only guess ...”．Then a terrible storm started.Scott spent some of his last hours 8._______ (write)．He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife.The news of Scott's death shocked 9. _____ world.He had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the extraordinary courage 10._______ (show) by Captain Scott and his men made them heroes.
hopeless
but
writing
the
shown
随堂训练·巩固提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The Southern Ocean is well known for its storms, which can sink ships and cause flooding on distant islands.Now, a new study suggests the biggest waves there— already the world's largest—are getting bigger, thanks to faster winds.
For the past 33 years, global satellites have been collecting data on ocean waves—and the winds that drive them.But explaining the data is difficult: different satellites can give different wind speeds.
To reduce those differences, Ian Young and Augustine's Ribald, at the University of Melbourne in Australia, compared information from different satellites and corrected their data against an independent data set collected by a global network of buoys (浮标) floating in the ocean.When they were done, a trend stood out: Since 1985, ocean wind speeds in most of the world have increased between 1 centimeter and 2 centimeters per second per year, leading to increases in wave height in many places.
In the Southern Ocean, the trend is particularly strong.For example, although wind speeds there have increased by 2 centimeters per second each year, the speed of the top 10% fastest winds has increased by 5 centimeters per second per year.And although average (平均的) wave heights there have increased by just 0.3 centimeters per year, the top 10% highest has grown by an average of 1 centimeter per year a growth of 30 centimeters since 1985, they report today in Science.
Young and Ribald have done a good job of cross-checking and double-checking from the three different types of satellite instrument, says Ole Johan at the University of Bergen in Norway.But, he adds, it might be “optimistic” to think that the data now contain no errors. Confirming the information likely require more work, he believes.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。南大洋因其风暴而闻名，风暴能使船只沉没，并在遥远的岛屿上引发洪水。现在，一项新的研究表明，由于风速加快，那里最大的海浪——世界上最大的海浪，正变得越来越大。
1．What caused the world's largest waves in the Southern Ocean
A．The satellites. B．The storms.
C．The winds. D．The floods.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Now, a new study suggests the biggest waves there—already the world's largest—are getting bigger, thanks to faster winds.”(现在，一项新的研究表明，由于风速加快，那里最大的海浪——世界上最大的海浪，正变得越来越大。)可知，风在南大洋掀起了世界上最大的海浪。故选C。
2．Which of the following can best explain “trend” underlined in Paragraph 3
A．Deep thought. B．Novel method.
C．Special goal. D．General direction.
解析：D　词义猜测题。根据下文“Since 1985, ocean wind speeds in most of the world have increased between 1 centimeter and 2 centimeters per second per year, leading to increases in wave height in many places.”(自1985年以来，世界上大部分地区的海洋风速以每年1厘米/秒到2厘米/秒的速度增长，导致许多地方的浪高增加。)可知自1985年以来世界大部分地区的海洋风速总体趋势都增长了，故可推测画线部分单词意思为“趋势；大方向”。故选D。
3．What can be learned from the study in the Southern Ocean
A．Wave heights have risen by 2 centimeters since 1985.
B．Winds speeds have grown by 30 centimeters each year.
C．The top wave heights have slowly fallen since 1985.
D．The top fastest wind speeds have been on the rise.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“For example, although wind speeds there have increased by 2 centimeters per second each year, the speed of the top 10% fastest winds has increased by 5 centimeters per second per year.”(例如，虽然那里的风速每年增加2厘米/秒，但速度最快的前10%的风速每年增加5厘米/秒。)可知，从对南大洋的研究中我们可以了解到最高风速一直在上升。故选D。
4．What does Ole Johan's attitude towards the new study
A．He thinks highly of it.
B．He takes no interest in it.
C．He shows concern about it.
D．He says no to it.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Young and Ribald have done a good job of cross-checking and double-checking from the three different types of satellite instrument, says Ole Johan at the University of Bergen in Norway.”(挪威卑尔根大学的Ole Johan说，Young和Ribald在对三种不同类型的卫星仪器进行反复检查方面做得很好。)可知，Ole Johan非常关心这项新研究。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
You may feel your backbreaking and low-paid part-time summer job isn't worth you effort. __1__ Here are some you can enjoy.
When landing a job, you'll put yourself into unfamiliar territory and learn how to survive and develop there. __2__ Whether it's learning a new skill or dealing with a tough boss, you must rely on yourself for solutions, through which you can build up your self-belief.
Hanging around all summer is a great way to relax, but it won't contribute to your time management skill. __3__ This skill helps you decide what should be accomplished in a day and learn how to handle those things to make it happen, which involves prioritizing, planning and judging how much you can realistically finish.The best way to develop this skill is through practice.With loads of free time, you'll likely not have to flex your time-management muscles.
__4__ Take it easy.Most people change their minds many times before settling on their long-term career.Getting out into the workforce as a waiter at a cafe may not help you see what it'll be like as a doctor but you'll figure out whether you like to work with people or whether you can work efficiently under pressure.A summer job helps zero in on your likes and dislikes to evaluate your strengths and resolve your weaknesses.
Chances are that your social circle is comprised of people in your age group.However, in a job, you'll work with diverse groups of people, from whom you'll learn varying viewpoints and experiences. __5__
A．Working will, though.
B．But such jobs uplift willpower.
C．Not sure of your future profession
D．Does a summer job help with college
E．Actually, its added bonuses go beyond your wallet.
F．There're various confidence-boosting challenges to overcome.
G．You can develop friendships and increase your visibility as well.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。你可能会觉得你的暑期兼职工作不值得你努力，而实际上暑期工作能给你带来收入以外的意外收获。
1．E　根据上文“You may feel your backbreaking and low-paid part-time summer job isn't worth you effort.”以及下文“Here are some you can enjoy.”可知此处上下文说的是暑期兼职工作能给你带来收入以外的收获，与E项表达的含义一致，故选E。
2．F　根据下文“Whether it's learning a new skill or dealing with a tough boss, you must rely on yourself for solutions, through which you can build up your self-belief.”可知，此处上下文说的是需要克服各种困难，建立自信，与F项表达的含义一致，故选F。
3．A　根据上文“Hanging around all summer is a great way to relax, but it won't contribute to your time management skill.”以及下文“This skill helps you decide what should be accomplished in a day and learn how to handle those things to make it happen, which involves prioritizing, planning and judging how much you can realistically finish.”可知，此处上下文说的是闲逛不会对你的时间管理技能有帮助，然而工作可以帮助你提高时间管理技能，与A项表达的含义一致，故选A。
4．C　根据下文“Take it easy.Most people change their minds many times before settling on their long-term career.”以及“A summer job helps zero in on your likes and dislikes to evaluate your strengths and resolve your weaknesses.”可知，本段主要说的是如果不确定你未来的职业，不要着急，利用暑期工评估一下，帮助你做出选择，与C项表达的含义一致，故选C。
5．G　根据上文“Chances are that your social circle is comprised of people in your age group.However, in a job, you'll work with diverse groups of people, from whom you'll learn varying viewpoints and experiences.”可知，此处上下文说的是暑期工作会让你走出你的社交圈，你可以从不同的群体中接触到各种观点和经历，与G项表达的含义一致，故选G。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The 1.________ (explode)of the earth produced water vapor, 2.________ turned into water when the earth cooled down.3.________many scientists believe is that water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases 4.________the oceans and seas.That made 5.________possible for life to begin to develop. The appearance of small plants encouraged the 6.________(develop)of early shellfish and all 7.________(sort)of fish.Many millions of years later，the first green plants began to appear on land.Later, land animals appeared.Some were insects. Others，8._______(call) amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Finally some small clever animals appeared and 9._______ (spread) all over the earth.But they treat the planet in an 10._______ (friend)way, and the earth becomes too polluted.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球上生命诞生的过程。
1．explosion　考查名词。根据后文“of the earth”可知此处为无生命名词所有格，故应填名词explosion作主语，表示“爆炸”。
2．which　考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词water vapor，且先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
3．What　考查连接词。此处为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，结合语境应用what。句首单词首字母要大写。
4．into　考查介词。结合语境表示“(使)溶解到……”，短语为dissolve into。
5．it　考查形式宾语。make后跟it作形式宾语为固定用法，make it possible for表示“使……成为可能”。
6．development　考查名词。根据上文冠词“the”可知应填名词development作宾语，表示“发育”。
7．sorts　考查固定短语。结合语境表示“各种各样的”，短语为all sorts of。
8．called　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知call在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且与逻辑主语others构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。
9．spread　考查时态。spread在句中作谓语，结合上文“Finally some small clever animals appeared and”可知应用一般过去时。
10．unfriendly　考查形容词。修饰后文名词way应用形容词，且表示“不友好的”形容词为unfriendly。
知识探究·讲练互动
1.rescue n．&vt.营救；救援
Search and rescue vehicles are brought into destroyed areas.(教材原句)
搜救车被带到被破坏的地区。
【语境体验】
①Thankfully, the child was rescued from the burning building by the rescue workers.
谢天谢地，这个孩子最终被营救人员从着火的楼中营救了出来。
②A middle-aged swimmer rescued the child from drowning.
一位中年游泳者救了这个孩子，使他没有溺水身亡。
(1)rescue sb./sth.from...从……中拯救某人/某物
(2)come to one's rescue＝come to the rescue of sb. 救援/帮助某人
rescue workers 营救人员
come/go/run to one's rescue 来/去援救某人
归纳 拓展
【学以致用】
单句语法填空
①I didn't know anybody at the party, but the hostess came ____ my rescue.
②The lifeboat rescued the sailors ______ the sinking boat.
to
from
2．trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中 n．圈套；陷阱
Rescue teams try to save people trapped under buildings.(教材原句)
救援队试图营救被困在建筑物下面的人。
【语境体验】
①Because of the greenhouse effect the earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.
由于温室效应，储存在大气层中的气体使地球变暖。
②He felt he had been trapped into signing the agreement.
他觉得自己是中了圈套才签了这个合同。
③Mary set a trap for Peter and he really fell into the trap.
玛丽给彼得设了个圈套，而他真的中了圈套。
(1)trap sb.into (doing) sth.　　使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；使某人中计
be/get trapped in... 被困在……中
(2)fall into the trap of doing sth. 落入做某事的圈套
fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套
set/lay a trap for ... 为……设圈套
归纳 拓展
【学以致用】
(1)单句语法填空
①They _______________ (trap) in the cave for 20 days before rescued.
②The thief fell ______ the trap set by the police.
③They trapped her into _______ (tell) where the gift was hidden.
(2)完成句子
④The fox can't _____________________ (从陷阱中逃脱)．
⑤They found themselves _____________________________ (被困在着火的大楼里) as soon as they woke up.
had been trapped
into
telling
escape from the trap
trapped in the burning building
3．attempt n．& vt.努力，尝试，企图
What happens in rescue attempts(教材原句)
在救援行动中会发生什么
【语境体验】
①The town is banning plastic bags in an attempt to help the environment.
为了改善环境，这个城市禁用塑料袋。
②The experts attempted to cure him, but failed.
专家们试图治好他，但是失败了。
③The man is being questioned in relation to the attempted murder last night.
这个人正在因昨晚的谋杀未遂受到盘问。
(1)attempt to do sth.　　尝试或努力做某事
attempt at doing sth. 尝试做某事
(2)make an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
at one's/the first attempt 第一次尝试
in an attempt to do sth. 为了做某事
(3)attempted adj. 未遂的
归纳 拓展
【学以致用】
(1)单句语法填空
①He attempted __________ (compete) for the position of chairman of the Students' Union.
②Personally speaking, parents are making ____ attempt to protect their kids by giving whatever they require.
(2)完成句子
③如果你第一次尝试失败的话，也没必要担心。
If you fail ______________________, there is no need to care about that.
to compete
an
at the first attempt
4．base n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地
During the polar summer of 1910－1911, both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.(教材原句)
在1910－1911年的极地夏季，两队人都为下一年的探险做了食物储备。
【语境体验】
①You should base your conclusion on/upon careful research.
你应该以谨慎的研究为基础而下结论。
②The movie is based on/upon the popular novel of the same name.
这部电影是以同名人气小说为基础(改编)的。
③Critics say these programmes are basically bad, but people still watch them.
评论者说这些节目总的来说是不好的，可人们还在看。
(1)base ...on/upon ...
＝be based on/upon... 以……为基础/依据
(2)on the basis of ... 根据……；在……的基础上
(3)basically adv. 基本上；大体上
归纳 拓展
【学以致用】
单句语法填空
①When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica，I had to create a table of contents _______ (base) on the topics of its articles.
②________ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.
based
Basing
5．break down停止运转，出故障；(身体等)垮掉；失败；使分解
First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.(教材原句)
先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始应付不了大雪和严寒的天气。
【语境体验】
①When Abraham Lincoln was elected president，the southern states broke away and formed a new nation.
当亚柏拉罕·林肯当选为总统时，南部各州脱离出去，成立了一个新的国家。
②Talks with business leaders broke down last night.
昨晚与商界领导人的谈判失败了。
break away (from)　离开；脱离
break in (不及物) 插嘴；闯入
break into (及物) 闯入；突然……起来
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发
break up 拆散；驱散；使(关系等)破裂；解散；分手
break through 取得突破；克服
归纳 拓展
【学以致用】
(1)写出下列句中broke/broken down的含义
①The telephone system has broken down._________
②Talks between them broke down with no agreement reached.
__________________
③Her health broke down under the pressure of work.
__________________
④Each lesson is broken down into several units.______
出故障
(谈判)失败
(身体)垮掉
划分
(2)单句语法填空
⑤It seemed that I could not find a way to break _______ such difficulties.
⑥A neighbor asked for the music to be turned down so the party broke _____．
⑦ It was wrong of him to break away ______ all his good friends.
through
up
from
6．prove vt.证明；证实vi. 证明是
Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.(教材原句)
后来，这些岩石证明，在遥远的过去，南极洲大陆曾一度被植物覆盖。
【语境体验】
①They put me in prison, but, in the end, I was proved innocent.
他们把我关进监狱，但最终我被证明是清白的。
②He proved to be an honest friend，so we believed in him.
事实证明他是个诚实的朋友，因此我们信任他。
③The difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to other scientists.
困难在于他如何向其他科学家证明自己的观点。
(1)prove sth.to sb.　　向某人证明某事
prove oneself to sb. 向某人证明自己
prove (to be)＋n./adj. 原来是，证明是
It is proved that ... 据证明……，据证实……
(2)proof n. 证据；证明
There's (no) proof that... (没)有证据证明……
归纳 拓展
【名师指津】　当prove作为系动词，表示“证明是，结果是……”时，无被动语态，要用主动形式表示被动意义。
【学以致用】
单句语法填空
①She proved _______ (her) to be an able secretary.
②By 1914 Einstein's theory proved _____ (be) correct.
③It has been proved again and again ______ what is said in the ads greatly affects people's impression on the products.
④Can you prove your theory ____ us
herself
to be
that
to
7．measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 n．措施；尺寸，程度
As you know, natural disasters like earthquakes, floods and landslides can cause death and other loss and damage that is hard to measure.(教材原句)
如你所知，地震、洪水和山体滑坡等自然灾害会造成死亡和其他难以衡量的损失和损害。
【语境体验】
①It's generally acknowledged that education shouldn't be measured only by examination results.
普遍认为教育不应该单纯用考试成绩来衡量。
②In the old days, my mother always made new clothes to my own measure with the Spring Festival coming.
过去，妈妈在春节来临时总是为我量身定做新衣服。
③Our classroom measures 6 metres by 10 metres.
我们教室长10米宽6米。
(1)measure ...by ... 用……来衡量……
be measured by/in 用……来衡量/计算
(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth. 采取措施做某事
make sth.to sb.'s measure 按照某人的尺寸做某物
归纳 拓展
【名师指津】　measure意为“有……长(宽、高、重)”时，为不及物动词，常用主动形式。
【学以致用】
单句语法填空
①Although these __________ (measure) are not effective forever, they are vital for now.
②The doctor weighed the baby and __________ (measure) its height.
③In the old days, people used to make new clothes ____ their measure.
④It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some ___________ (measure) over 90 meters.
measures
measured
to
measuring
8．conduct vt.实施；进行；执行 vi.& vt.指挥 n．行为举止；实施(办法)；引导
You've told us a lot about how you conduct rescue attempts, but could you please tell us more about protection？(教材原句)
你已经告诉我们很多关于你是如何进行营救的，但是你能告诉我们更多关于保护的事情吗？
【语境体验】
①Miss Guo wants her students to conduct a survey for the school.
郭老师想让她的学生为学校开展一次调查。
②Today I want to conduct myself in a proper manner.
今天我要举止得体。
③He is famous for his good conduct.
他因良好的行为而闻名。
conduct a survey　进行调查
conduct oneself 举止得体
good conduct 良好的行为
归纳 拓展
【学以致用】
完成句子
①此外，我想对潜在买家进行调查。
Moreover, ______________________________ on the potential buyers.
②我在这类晚宴上该怎样做到举止得体呢？
_____________________________ at these dinners
③孩子们因行为好而受奖励，因行为坏而受惩罚。
The children _______________________________ and punished for bad conduct.
I would like to conduct a survey
How should I conduct myself
were rewarded for good conduct
9．run out of用完……；耗尽……
Well，I'd love to know more，but，unfortunately，we've run out of time.(教材原句)
好吧，我很想知道更多，但是，不幸的是，我们已经没时间了。
【语境体验】
①You'd better go home before your money runs out.
在花光钱之前，你最好回家。
②We have run out of sugar.Go and buy some.
我们已把糖用完了，去买点回来。
③When the thief ran across a policeman, he ran away.
当小偷看到警察的时候，他立刻逃走了。
归纳 拓展
run out of 及物动词短语，以人作主语，同use up
run out 不及物动词短语，以物作主语，同give out
give out 不及物动词短语，表物“用完”或人“筋疲力尽”
use up 及物动词短语，同run out of
和run相关
其他短语 run across　偶然遇到
run after 追赶
run away 突然离开；逃离
run over 撞倒，撞翻
【学以致用】
(1)选用run out/give out/use up/run out of补全短文
①Worse luck! First, food and drinking water had been _________ before we reached the destination.Then, my husband was speeding up the car when it suddenly broke down.It turned out that the gas had ________________. So we had to walk ahead along the road until my strength __________.We finally reached a small hotel but to our despair, we found we had ________________ our money.
used up
run out/given out
gave out
run out of/used up
(2)介、副词填空
②The policemen were running _____ a prisoner who escaped last night.
③The horse became frightened and then ran ______．
④Petrol is running _____, so I have to stop at the next filling station.
⑤I ran ______ him on the street the other day.
after
away
out
across
10．Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.(教材原句)
接着漆黑的极地冬夜来临了。
【句型剖析】　该句为完全倒装语序，主语为the total darkness of the polar winter, 谓语为came。
【语境体验】
① The moment the bell rang, out rushed the children.
铃一响，孩子们就冲了出去。
②Just in front of the bus lies an injured man, all covered with blood.
公共汽车的前面躺着一个受伤的人，浑身是血。
③Present at the party were Mr.Green and many other guests.
出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多别的宾客。
完全倒装是指将谓语动词完全提到主语之前。这类句型主要有以下几种形式：
(1)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, out等置于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。
(2)当地点状语位于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，为了避免头重脚轻，句子需进行完全倒装。
(3)有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构。
归纳 拓展
【名师指津】　当主语是人称代词时，不用倒装语序。
【学以致用】
(1)单句语法填空
①Now, just in front of the house _______(stand) a tall tree with a history of 100 years.
②So buried _____ (be) she in doing her homework that she didn't notice it got dark outside.
stands
was
(2)完成句子
③我们被瞧不起的日子一去不复返了。
____________________ when we were looked down upon.
④山脚下住着一位老人。
At the foot of the mountain _________________．
Gone are the days
lives an old man
11．He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.(教材原句)
他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，所有人都坐在雪板上。
【句型剖析】　本句使用了句型“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，其中have是使役动词，意为“使，叫，让”。
【语境体验】
①I can't have you speaking to your mother in that rude manner.You must apologize to her immediately.
我不能容忍你用那种粗鲁的方式跟你的妈妈说话。你必须立刻向她道歉。
②—Can you go to watch the football match with me tonight
—Sorry，but I have an important meeting to attend.
——今天晚上你和我一起去看足球赛好吗？
——对不起，我有个重要的会议要参加。
③You'd better have your eyes examined tomorrow.
你明天最好去检查一下眼睛。
can't have sb.doing sth.　不能容忍某人做某事
have sb./sth.doing sth. 让某人一直做某事/让某事一直发生
have sb.do sth. 让某人做某事
have sth.done 让别人做某事；完成某事；遭遇不幸的事
have sth.to do 有事情要做(不定式作定语)
归纳 拓展
【学以致用】
单句语法填空
①I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ________ (catch)．
②I won't have you ______ (make) the same mistake again and again.
③I was wondering if you could suggest a good way to have my written English __________(improve)in a short period of time.
to catch
making
improved
随堂训练·巩固提升
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The study was _____ (以……为基础) on data from 2，100 women.
2．His __________(抱负) is to become a great scientist in the future.
3．She welcomed us with a __________ (兴高采烈的)greeting.
4．He travelled alone across the whole ___________(大洲) of Africa from east to west.
5．The first thing you'll see on Mars will be one of the _____ (极地的) ice caps.
based
ambition
cheerful
continent
polar
6．In large cities people b______ in dangerous gases from cars and chimneys.
7．Everything is almost ready for me to make another a _______ on the record.
8．I was moved deeply by his honesty and s__________．
9．Such a diet is widely believed to offer p___________ against a number of cancers.
10．He should be given the highest praise for his b______．
reathe
incerity
rotection
ravery
ttempt
Ⅱ.选词填空
carry on; have some difficulty in; in the history of; run out of; make progress; on one's way to; break down; in preparation for
1．Joe is training ____________________ the next football match.
2．Steven Spielberg is one of the most famous directors ___________________ film.
3．The telephone system ____________ suddenly while he was calling his mother.
in preparation for
in the history of
broke down
4．I paid a visit to one of my old friends ______________ Boston.
5．Are you _________________ in your study
6．I ______________________ communicating with foreigners.
7．He __________ the task left by his comrades.
8．I __________________ all my money up to now.
on my way to
making progress
have some difficulty in
carried on
have run out of
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．The figures are not very good when __________ (measure) against those of our competitors.
2．_______ (anxious)is modern man's natural state.
3．Behind any successful event must cost months of ___________ (prepare)．
4．It is clear that the duty of parents is to provide __________(protect) for our children.
measured
Anxiety
preparation
protection
5．In the morning I open the window wide and _______ (breath) in deeply.
6．A big program of oil ___________(explore)has begun offshore.
7．I had a burning __________ (ambitious)to become a journalist.
8．He walked towards the doorway, careful to keep his __________ (distant)．
breathe
exploration
ambition
distance
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．回家途中，我拜访了王先生。
__________________，I visited Mr Wang.
2．他们都在为明天的考试做准备。
They _____________________________________________ tomorrow's examination.
3．我们刚才请人把洗衣机修好了。
We _________________________________ just now.
4．一个月内，他花光了身上所有的钱。
Within a month, he ________________________．
5．门慢慢打开，那位女士就站在那里。
The door opened slowly and there _________________．
On my way home
are all making preparations for/preparing for
had the washing machine repaired
ran out of all his money
stood the woman
Ⅴ.微写作
根据提示完成下文
上周我们参加了夏令营，对此我们做了充分的准备(make preparations for)。一大早我们就出发了。在去夏令营的路上(on one's way to)，我们的车坏了(break down)。过了一会儿(after a while)，我把车修好(have sth. done)了。我们快速开车到目的地，不幸的是，我们的油用完(run out of)了，我费了好大劲(have great difficulty in)才弄来了汽油。令我吃惊的是(to one's shock)，当我们到达目的地时，没有人。结果是我弄错了时间。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Last week we joined a summer camp.We made full preparations for it.We set off early in the morning.On our way to the summer camp, our car broke down. After a while，I had it repaired well.We drove quickly to the destination. Unluckily we ran out of petrol.I had great difficulty in getting some petrol. To my shock, when we arrived at the destination，there was no one. It turned out that I was mistaken about the exact time.
课时规范训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The flood had the bridge ______ (wash) away in that summer.
2．You'd better not have the baby ______ (cry) all the time here.
3．Organisers are making final ____________(prepare) for the Olympic Games.
4．All the children remained __________ (cheer) during the journey.
5．The old woman was ___________ (anxious) awaiting the return of her relatives.
washed
crying
preparations
cheerful
anxiously
6．This is the information on the space ___________(explore) from the past, present and future.
7．He almost persuaded me of his _______ (honest)．
8．Tom can't persuade himself of my ___________ (sincere)．
9．In the face of danger, they show great _______ (brave).
10．In the center of the city ______ (lie) a big supermarket which dates back to 1999.
exploration
honesty
sincerity
bravery
lies
Ⅱ.完形填空
Ray had a wonderful family and lived very happily.He had four grandchildren，and they all came to see him __1__ their holidays.One day，Ray was preparing to welcome them as usual cleaning the house and cooking delicious food.__2__ he was working，he lost his favourite watch which was a __3__ from his deceased (已故的) wife.Ray loved the watch very much，and he was very sad.
When his grandchildren arrived，they __4__ him they would find the watch. One granddaughter asked，“Grandpa，where did you see the watch last __5__ it went missing ”Ray replied，“Maybe in the barn (谷仓)！”The children searched there for more than two hours __6__ could not find it.
One of his grandsons wanted to search the barn __7__，and Ray asked why he was going there.The little boy didn't explain but asked __8__ not to follow him.A moment later，he rushed back to his grandfather.“I found it！” He shouted.Ray was __9__ and asked how he made it.The little boy replied，“I stood in the barn __10__ making any noise，and tried my best to keep silent.After a few__11__，I heard the sound of tick tick.At last，I __12__ the watch from the hay (干草)．” After hearing his words，Ray hugged the little boy and __13__ him very much.
The story tells us if we __14__ calm，we can find a solution.This shows the power of __15__．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Ray一次不小心丢了妻子送给他的最心爱的手表，他的四个孙子孙女帮他找回的故事。故事告诉我们，只要保持冷静，我们就能找到解决方案。
1．A．between　　　　 B．during
C．Among D．past
解析：B　句意：他们都在假期期间来看他。between在……之间；during在……期间；among在……中间；past经过。during holidays在假期期间。
2．A．Unless B．Over
C．While D．Still
解析：C　句意：当他正在工作时，他丢失了他最喜爱的来自他已故的妻子的手表。unless除非；over超过；while当……时候；still仍然。当工作时丢失了手表。
3．A．report B．gift
C．letter D．message
解析：B　句意：当他正在工作时，他丢失了他最喜爱的他已故的妻子送给他的手表。report报道；gift礼物；letter信；message信息。手表是妻子送给Ray的礼物。
4．A．suggested B．doubted
C．expected D．promised
解析：D　句意：当他的孩子们到达时，他们许诺将找到手表。suggest建议；doubt怀疑；expect期望；promise许诺。孩子们向爷爷许诺会找到手表。
5．A．after B．before
C．until D．since
解析：B　句意：爷爷，在它丢失前，你在哪儿最后一次看到过手表？after在……之后；before在……之前；until直到；since自从。孩子们问爷爷手表丢之前在哪儿见过手表。
6．A．and B．so
C．or D．but
解析：D　句意：孩子们在那儿找了2个多小时，但是没有发现它。and和；so所以；or或者；but但是。找了两个多小时，但是没有找到。前后表示转折，所以用but。
7．A．ever B．again
C．already D．always
解析：B　句意：他的一个孙子想再次去谷仓寻找。ever曾经；again再次；already已经；always总是。根据后句“Ray asked why he was going there”可知男孩再次去了谷仓。
8．A．other B．another
C．the other D．the others
解析：D　句意：小男孩没有解释，而是让其他人不要跟着他。other其他的，后面用可数名词复数；another另一个，后面用单数名词；the other两者中另一个；the others其他的人或者事物，表示特指。小男孩不让其他人跟着，所以用the others。
9．A．angry B．bored
C．unhappy D．surprised
解析：D　句意：Ray很惊讶，问他怎样做到的。angry生气的；bored厌烦的；unhappy不高兴的；surprised惊讶的。男孩在谷仓里找到了手表，所以Ray是惊讶的。
10．A．without B．by
C．about D．except
解析：A　句意：我站在谷仓里没有出声。without没有；by通过；about关于；except除了。根据后句“and tried my best to keep silent”我努力保持沉默，可知是没有出声。
11．A．weeks B．days
C．hours D．minutes
解析：D　句意：在几分钟后，我听到滴答声。week周；day天；hour小时；minute分钟。几分钟后听到滴答声。
12．A．looked up B．turned up
C．picked up D．made up
解析：C　句意：最后我从干草里捡起了手表。look up查阅；turn up加大音量；pick up捡起；make up编造。男孩最终找到手表，然后捡起了手表。
13．A．accepted B．thanked
C．saved D．protected
解析：B　句意：听到他的话后，Ray拥抱了小男孩，非常感谢他。accept接受；thank感谢；save拯救；protect保护。男孩帮助爷爷找到了手表，所以爷爷非常感谢。
14．A．stop B．send
C．stay D．seem
解析：C　句意：如果我们保持冷静，我们可以找到解决方法。stop停止；send发送；stay保持；seem似乎；stay calm，保持冷静。
15．A．habit B．decision
C．silence D．suggestion
解析：C　句意：这展示了沉默的力量。habit习惯；decision决定；silence沉默；suggestion建议。小男孩是通过沉默，保持安静来找到手表的，所以是沉默的力量。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Daisy is a girl who cares about our environment.She always longs to help 1.______ (endanger) species of wildlife.One day, she 2.________ (wake) up and found a flying carpet which took her to many 3.________ (place) to experience something amazing. In Tibet, Daisy saw an antelope looking sad and it told her the species was being killed.Then the carpet showed her a place 4.________ there was some wildlife protection.There she came across 5.________ elephant, from whom she knew they used to be hunted 6.________ mercy.But now good things are being done to save local wildlife.
Knowing that, Daisy burst into 7.________ (laugh) in relief.At the end of the journey, she met a monkey 8.________ (rub) itself to protect himself from mosquitoes. The monkey asked her to pay 9.________ (much) attention to the rainforest. Finally, Daisy 10.________ (full) understood the meaning of no rainforest, no animals, no drugs.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了黛西乘坐飞毯去了解野生动物保护的故事。
1．endangered　考查形容词。句意：她总是渴望帮助濒临灭绝的野生动物物种。此处修饰species这个名词，所以用形容词，故填endangered。
2．woke　考查时态。分析句子可知此处填谓语，根据found可知此处用过去时，所以填woke。
3．places　考查名词复数。句意：飞毯带着黛西去了很多地方。many修饰名词复数，所以填places。
4．where　考查定语从句。句意：飞毯带她去了有野生动物保护的地方。分析句子可知“there was some wildlife protection”作定语，修饰先行词place，从句缺地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where。
5．an　考查冠词。句意：她遇到一头大象。elephant发音以元音开头，表示一个，所以用an。
6．without　考查介词。句意：她得知大象过去被无情地猎杀。表示“无情”可知用介词without。
7．laughter　考查名词。句意：黛西突然笑起来。burst into 后加名词，所以填laughter。
8．rubbing　考查非谓语动词。句意：黛西看到一只猴子在擦自己的身体。分析句子可知本句有谓语met，所以rub要用非谓语，monkey与rub是主谓关系，所以用rubbing。
9．more　考查比较级。句意：猴子要求黛西以后更多地关注雨林。分析句子可知是和过去相比，要用比较级，所以填more。
10．fully　考查副词。句意：最后，黛西完全明白了没有雨林，就没有动物，就没有药物的真正意义。此处修饰understood，所以用副词fully。
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课时规范训练
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必修第二册
话题语境 核心素养
　　本单元的话题语境是“人与自然”。通过对本单元的学习，学生应该明白人类与自然的关系，了解大自然带给人类的福与祸，从而妥善处理人与自然的关系，激发和树立学生保护环境，爱护自然的意识。 思维品质：学生能够借助关键词，在理解文章大意的基础上，找出段落主题句；用所学的词汇和语言对课文进行复述；能够读懂细节信息并能理解阅读中生词的含义。
学习能力：提炼文章主旨大意；运用关键词复述课文。
文化意识：自然是全人类赖以生存的环境，保护自然就是保护我们自己。
语言能力：掌握本单元词句和篇章；掌握关系副词引导的定语从句。
话题导入·思维激活
当地震、火灾、沙尘暴、龙卷风等自然灾害发生时，人类才真正意识到，面对强大的自然威力，我们的生命是多么的脆弱。然而，自然灾害真的只是“自然”灾害吗？
Although known as “natural disaster”， I more believe it is caused by long term human impact.Events that harm plants and animals we collectively called disasters. Throughout human history we can see that disasters are caused by two main reasons: natural variation and human impact.Scientists proved to us those natural disasters are rarely caused by pure natural factors, especially nowadays human activities are more frequent.Because humans have immense demands, the destruction they made increases the frequency and extent of natural disasters.Human beings actually play as boosters in natural disasters.As a resident on Earth, we should take the responsibility to protect our mother nature.First, we need do a lot of publicity to raise people's awareness and understanding of environmental conservation.Second, we should stop wasting a
and littering to conserve natural resources.Third, we should conduct recycling, slow down deforestation and also improve treatment of white pollution, try not to use plastic products.Fourth, turn off your electricity when you are not using it.Recycling batteries after batteries are depleted.There are many ways we can do for our mother nature, sometimes we just need to change a little bit. The only thing we should always keep in mind is that the Earth is the only home we rely on; to protect the Earth and prevent natural disasters is for ourselves and for our future generations to benefit.
【词海淘宝】
1．collectively adv.　　共同地，全体地
2．variation n. 变化
3．immense adj. 极大的；巨大的
4．booster n. (尤指政治上的)支持者
5．deforestation n. 滥伐森林
【语篇理解】
阅读短文，回答问题：
1．What are natural disasters according to the passage
____________________________________________
2．What is to blame for the natural disaster
_________________________________________
Events that harm plants and animals.
Natural variation and human impact.
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Ⅳ　GRAMMAR & WRITING
Grammar—关系副词引导的定语从句和后缀
语法精讲·难点透析
(一)关系副词引导的定语从句
品读例句，感知黑体部分的共性
1．There are many good websites where you can check out the latest in the science world.
2．After living in Australia for many years，Louise finally returned to the country where she was born.
3．His interest started a few years ago，when he was in college and studying wildlife science.
4．They didn't tell the reason why they put off the performance.
新
知
感
悟
【思考发现】
这些句子均为______从句，关系词均为关系______。
定语
副词
1．where 引导的定语从句
where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on ...＋which”。
Opposite is St.Paul's Church, where you can hear some lovely music.
＝Opposite is St.Paul's Church, in which you can hear some lovely music.
对面是圣保罗大教堂，你们在那里能听到一些动听的音乐。
语
法
精
讲
【名师指津】　当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中作状语，表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
2．when 引导的定语从句
when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during ...＋which”结构。
I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
我正期盼那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。
3．why引导的定语从句
why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for＋which”结构。
Do you know the reason why/for which he didn't attend the meeting
你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？
【名师指津】　非限制性定语从句中，常用for which 表示原因而不用why。
I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting.
我把我没有去开会的理由告诉了他们。
【学以致用】
单句语法填空
①The next day, my brother and I went to the beach _____ we watched some people play volleyball.
②We live in an age _______more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
③Students should involve themselves in community activities _____ they can gain experience for growth.
④You would get into a situation _____ you have to decide immediately.
⑤He came at the time ______ we needed him most.
where
when
where
where
when
⑥The accident has reached to the point _____ both their parents are to be called in.
⑦Do you know the reason _____ he didn't attend the meeting yesterday
⑧I can never forget the day ______ I first saw you.
where
why
when
(二)后缀
观察单词中画线的部分，看它们有什么作用
1．elect—elect_____
2．state—state______
3．equal—equal_____
4．invent—invent_____
5．act—act______
6．appear—appear______
新
知
感
悟
ion
ment
ity
ion
ion
ance
7．perform—perform______
8．popular—popular_____
9．read—read_____
10．achieve—achieve______
ance
ity
er
ment
【思考发现】
单词中画线的部分均为单词的______，它们所代表的词性都是______词性。
后缀
名词
一、名词性后缀
1．-age为抽象名词后缀，表示行为，状态和全体总称
percentage百分数，百分率， shortage不足，缺少
2．-cy表示抽象名词
accuracy 准确，精确度，infancy婴儿期
3．-ence、-ance表示性质和动作
difference不同，interference干扰，干预，influence影响，感化，occurrence发生，出现，violence激烈，暴力，existence存在，significance意义，意味
语
法
精
讲
4．-ency、-ancy为抽象名词后缀
deficiency不足，不全，tendency趋势，趋向，frequency频率，emergency紧急，急救，fluency流利，流畅，sufficiency足够，充足
5．-er表示人
receiver接收者，接受者，carrier 携带者，beginner初学者，创始人，reader读者
6．-ics表示科学
mathematics 数学，数学运算
7．-ian表示人称名词
physician医师，内科医师，technician技术员
8．-ication 由动词变化而来的抽象名词，常译为“化”
simplification 简化，classification分类，分级， communication交流，交往
9．-ion 由动词构成的名词
occasion偶然原因，近因，时机，division分割，分开，vision视力，视觉，distortion扭曲，变形
10．-ism表示制度，主义及现象等的抽象名词
socialism　社会主义
11．-ist表示人称名词
specialist专家， biologist生物学家，economist经济学家，chemist化学家
12．-logy表示学科
biology 生物，生物学
13．-ment表示动作，行为或具体事物
measurement 测量，量度，experiment实验，instrument 仪器，器械， replacement替代，置换，development发展，movement动作，活动， equipment器材，装置，设备，improvement改善
14．-ness加在形容词后构成抽象名词
hardness坚硬，thickness厚度，effectiveness有效，usefulness有用，coldness寒冷， darkness 黑暗， brightness明亮
15．-or表示“人，物”
doctor医生，monitor监视器， operator操作员
16．-ry表示集合名词
laboratory实验室，chemistry化学
17．-ship表示状态
relationship关系，联系，interrelationship 相互关系，相互联系
18．-th由形容词构成名词
length长度，width宽度，depth深度，truth真理
19．-ty表示性质
specialty特征，专业，responsibility责任，责任心，capacity容量，智能，能力， safety 安全性， plenty丰富，unity整体，统一性，obesity肥胖，similarity类似，相似
20．-ure表示行为结果
failure衰竭，pressure 压力，structure结构
二、形容词性后缀
1．-able表示可能的，可以的
excitable易兴奋的，acceptable可接受的，movable可移动的，alterable可改变的，可改动的，available可用的，可得到的，uncomfortable不舒服的
2．-al表示有……的属性
regional 局部的，natural自然的，special特别的，特殊的，central 中央的， typical典型的，digital手指的，数字的，temporal暂时的，短暂的，capital首要的，重要的，several几个
3．-ant有些是从动词派生来的
significant有意义的， resistant抵抗的，反抗的(动词resist派生)，important重要的，infant婴儿的，constant坚定的，持久的，permanent永久的
4．-ar表示……特征的，……形状的
regular规则的， circular环形的，圆的
5．-ary 表示与……有关的
ordinary平常的，通常的，anniversary周年的，voluntary自愿的，随意的
6．-ed 用于名词加ed，转化为形容词，或动词过去分词作形容词。
coded加密码的(名词code 加ed)，colored加颜色的， curved弯曲的，limited有限的，surrounded围住的，被围绕的
7．-ent与-ant同类
consistent坚定的，different不同的，sufficient足够的，convenient便利的，方便的，evident明显的，fluent流利的，流畅的，efficient有效的，frequent常常的，频繁的
8．-ful由名词构成形容词
useful有用的，successful成功的，plentiful丰富的，helpful有帮助的
9．-ible与-able相同
visible可见的，impossible不可能的
三、动词性后缀
1．-ate多用于外来词构成动词
decelerate减速，accelerate加速，operate操作，手术，vibrate振动，颤动，migrate移动，anticipate预期，期望
2．-en形容词构成动词，表示变、加、使……
weaken变弱，变衰弱，soften使……软化，thicken使……变厚，strengthen加强，shorten使……变短， deepen加深，深化，harden使……变硬，lengthen使……延长，loosen放松，解开，quicken加快，刺激，roughen变粗糙，lighten减轻，sharpen变尖锐
3．-ize加在形容词或名词上，表示……化
neutralize中和，中立化，standardize标准化
四、副词性后缀
1．-ly由形容词构成的副词，最为常用，表示……地
immediately立即
2．-ward(s)加在前置词上，构成副词，表示方向
forward　向前，前进地
【学以致用】
(1)画出正确的单词
①Paul didn't want to show his weakness/weakance.
②Waiter/Waitness took our order.
③Shop assister/assistant helped us to choose the suit.
④We were at this presenty/presentation.
⑤We spoke about the safety/safeness on the roads.
⑥Tom read that advertisty/advertisement yesterday.
⑦Bill's father is a management/manager at this enterprise.
⑧I got your invitement/invitation yesterday.
⑨This is my description/descripment of the events.
答案：①Paul didn't want to show his weakness/weakance.
②Waiter/Waitness took our order.
③Shop assister/assistant_helped us to choose the suit.
④We were at this presenty/presentation．
⑤We spoke about the safety/safeness on the roads.
⑥Tom read that advertisty/advertisement_yesterday.
⑦Bill's father is a management/manager at this enterprise.
⑧I got your invitement/invitation yesterday.
⑨This is my description/descripment of the events.
(2)单句语法填空
①His __________ (popular)is enormous.
②They discussed the ___________(develop) of science.
③The _______(teach) gave us the task to bring the frog.
④Your ___________ (explain) is wrong.
⑤My brother is an ______ (art), and he draws very well.
⑥I don't like to sit in __________ (dark)．
⑦Have you read this _______________ (advertise)
⑧This picture is my ___________ (imagine) of the world.
popularity
development
teacher
explanation
artist
darkness
advertisement
imagination
(3)给下面单词加上适当的后缀
①move______ n．运动
②dark______ n. 黑暗
③invent_____ n. 发明
④real_____ vt. 意识到
⑤nation__ adj. 民族的
⑥reason______ adj. 合理的
⑦north______ adv. 朝北
⑧up_____________ adv. 向上
ment
ness
ion
ize
al
able
ward
ward(s)
Writing—宣传手册
写作素养·读写结合
【文体剖析】
本单元的写作任务是写一个宣传手册。宣传手册是为了某一特定需要，通过一定形式向公众传递信息的手段，是说明文的一种。
写
作
指
导
宣传手册的基本结构：
【亮点词句】
词汇
①welcome v．　欢迎
②adventure n. 冒险
③be located in / lie in ... 位于……
④cover v. 覆盖
⑤activity n. 活动
⑥experience vt. 体验
⑦accommodation n. 住宿
⑧make preparations for 为……做准备
⑨further information 更多信息
⑩tourist attraction 旅游景点
句型
1．This kind of computer is of good quality.
2．All the common families can afford to buy one.It controls mostly by itself，so it is very easy to operate.
3．It is convenient to carry，for it is small and light.
4．Once you have one of this kind，you'll enjoy it very much.
5．There are many kinds of food served in the restaurant，which are very delicious.
6．At the same time，all the food looks nice and smells good.
7．What's more，the prices of them are very reasonable.
8．The owner as well as the waiters is very friendly and kind，and they will make you feel at home.
【写作任务】
一家远足营地(Adventure Hiking)准备组织一次冒险远足旅行，并希望在互联网上进行宣传。请你用英语为其写一篇宣传稿。内容包括：
1．本次远足活动是为喜欢冒险和远足的人士组织的一次活动；
2．远足要穿过一个大沙漠以考验参加者的体力和耐力；
3．远足将体验激烈的漂流活动；
4．远足将爬一座最大海拔高度为5000米的高山，并可能遇到一些野生动物；
精
品
展
示
5．远足组织者将提供良好的住宿并要求参加者携带轻而有用的行李；
6．欲参加者请致电0450-8899432或e-mail至www..AH。
注意：词数80左右。
【审题谋篇】
首段：对远足营地进行宣传
中段：对活动内容和注意事项进行详细描述
尾段：宣传远足营地并给出具体的联系方式
【遣词造句】
1．Words and phrases
①_________　　去远足
②_____________________ 可供选择的活动
③__________ n. 体力
④____________________________ 最大海拔高度为
⑤_________________ 生存技巧
⑥____________ n. 组织
⑦_______________ n. 住宿
⑧__________ n. 耐力
go hiking
optional activities
strength
with a maximum altitude of
survival skills
organization
accommodation
patience
2．Sentences
①你们将体验令人兴奋的水上漂流，你们将获得你们从未有过的经历。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
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②营地提供良好的食宿，你们不用担心远足后休息的地方。(so连接的并列句)
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Experience the exciting white-water rafting and you 'll gain the experience you have never got.
Have good accommodation at our camp so don't be anxious about your rest place after the hiking.
【妙笔成篇】
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__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Adventure Hiking
If you like both going hiking and adventure，Adventure Hiking is the organization for you.During the hiking，we'll have the following optional activities for you.
Walk through a big desert to test your strength and patience.Experience the exciting white-water rafting and you'll gain the experience you have never got.Climb a high mountain with a maximum altitude of 5，000 metres and perhaps you'll meet some wild animals.Have good accommodation at our camp so don't be anxious about your rest place after the hiking.Last but not least，take your own luggage with you.The things in it should be useful and light.
You'll have much fun and learn survival skills during the adventure hiking.Call us today on 0450-8899432 or e-mail us at www..AH.
课时规范训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Unsuccessful people can always find reasons _____ they're not doing well.
2．I'll never forget the days _____ we spent together.
3．Almost every teenager will experience a period in their life ______ they aren't satisfied with their parents.
4．The place ______we played games together is just next to your apartment.
why
which
when
where
5．Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me, pandas are its top __________ (attract)．
6．He is the only __________ (survive) of this earthquake.
7．It is ___________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
8．As _______ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
9．She is determined to carry on with her ___________(educate)．
10．However，be _______ (care) not to go to extremes.
attraction
survivor
certainly
natural
education
careful
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Back in 1958, I was crazy about the Norfolk and Western 746.The smooth bullet-nose engine with its orange and yellow lines and shiny streamlined black tender (车厢) seemed to have cast a spell on me.
Together the engine and tender measured a little shy of 2 feet-enormous by the toy train standards of the day.Even better, the 746 had a working headlight and smoker, and its tender sang high.
Unfortunately, the amazing 746 also had an amazing price—$50, equal to about $450 today.That was far more than my grandfather could afford.Instead, I had to be content with his little Lionel plastic, which was SIX INCHES shorter than the 746 and had no headlight, no smoker or no sound! But that was the best that my grandfather could give me at that time.
Years passed, and I was in my plicated sound systems and computer controls dominated toy trains.I never gave a look.My interest in toy trains, I firmly believed, had faded, nor did my admiration for the 746, since my grandfather was not with me.The 746 was never called to mind.On an ordinary day, however, I happened to see the 746 outside the window of a train show.Just one look, I could not look away.Childhood memories that I tried to hide in the depths of my heart raced through my mind, happy or sad.
That day I took the 746 home and placed it in the centre of the room, and let my childhood dream sing its way around me.Smoke rose out from the engine and the soft song sounded from its tender.It seemed as if I could see the soft light in grandfather's eyes and hear his cheerful laughter.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过对作者自年少时到成年后对一辆玩具火车情感变化的描述，表达了他对祖父的思念之情。
1．Which best describes the 746 in the author's eyes
A．It was taller than the author.
B．Its price rose from $50 to $450.
C．It was the largest train in 1958.
D．Its beauty was beyond compare.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The smooth bullet-nose engine with its orange and yellow lines and shiny streamlined black tender (车厢) seemed to have cast a spell on me.”和第二段内容可知，作者对746玩具火车非常迷恋，认为它非常完美，无与伦比。
2．How did the author feel when receiving his little Lionel plastic
A．Visibly relieved.
B．Really excited.
C．Terribly shameful.
D．Slightly unsatisfied.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Instead, I had to be content with his little Lionel plastic, which was SIX INCHES shorter than the 746 and had no headlight, no smoker or no sound! ”可知，在作者看来，这个小Lionel 塑料和746相比差得太多，所以稍微有点不满意。
3．What happened to the author in his 30s
A．He left his grandfather alone.
B．He didn't favor the 746 at all.
C．He attempted not to recall the past.
D．He admired advanced toy trains.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，作者30多岁时，因为祖父不在了，所以他尽量不去回忆过去。
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Toy Trains: Childhood in History
B．The 746: Childhood Memories of Love
C．Toy Trains: Memories of a Generation
D．The 746: A Perfect Gift from My Grandfather
解析：B　标题归纳题。根据最后一段中“It seemed as if I could see the soft light in grandfather's eyes and hear his cheerful laughter.”和全文内容可知，文章以746火车玩具为主线，通过对作者自年少时到成年后对它情感变化的描述，表达了作者对童年时期祖父的爱的怀念。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The giant panda 1.________ (love) by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists 2.________ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very 3.________ (care) mother.For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something 4.________ (eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural 5.________ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 6.________ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care
for the young panda 7.________ more than two years.By that time, the panda no longer needed 8.________ (it) mother for food.However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then, after two and a half years, the mother 9.________ (drive) the young panda away.It was time for her to have a new baby, 10.________ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了熊猫妈妈和孩子的故事。大熊猫为全世界人们所喜爱．近来科学家观察到一只野生的熊猫妈妈和她的孩子的生活。熊猫妈妈是一个非常合格的妈妈。当孩子哭的时候，她会前后摇动。妈妈继续照顾小熊猫两年多。然后，两年半后妈妈让小熊猫离开，因为现在是她该有另一个小宝宝的时间了，同时也是小熊猫该独立的时间了。
1.is loved　考查时态、语态。句意：大熊猫为全世界人们所喜爱。故此处使用一般现在时态被动语态，故填is loved。
2．recently　考查副词。修饰句子，此处应使用副词表示时间“最近”，故填recently。
3．caring/careful　考查形容词。修饰名词mother应用形容词。care的形容词可以是caring或careful，故填caring/careful。
4．to eat　考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式作something的后置定语，意为：可以吃的东西，故填to eat。
5．enemies　考查名词复数。 本句表示“任何气味都可能吸引天敌”。天敌不止一个，应该用复数形式，故填enemies。
6．When　考查连词。根据句子意思：当孩子哭的时候，她就会前后摇动，位于句首首字母大写，故填When。
7．for　考查介词。此处for表示时间的长短。
8．its　考查代词。此处表示“它的母亲”，故使用形容词性物主代词修饰名词mother，故填its。
9．drove　考查时态。此处叙述过去的事情，故用一般过去时态，填drove。
10．and　考查连词。句意：到她生宝宝的时候了，也到了这个小熊猫独立生活的时候了。前后是并列关系，故填and。
Ⅳ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，最近你校正准备组织学生进行旅行活动，但旅游景点还未决定，学校特地向同学们征求意见，请你给林校长写一封英文信，内容包括：
1．推荐一个旅游城市；
2．推荐理由(2～3个)；
3．希望校长考虑。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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Knowing that our school is asking for our opinions about which city to enjoy, I would like to recommend a famous one—Guilin.The reasons are as follows.
【参考范文】
Dear Mr.Lin，
Lying along the Lijiang River, Guilin is a key tourist city which is famous for its beautiful scenery in the world.With clear water and green hills, it attracts thousands of tourists every year.Besides, it's a charming city with rich culture and a long history, where you can enjoy various caves and carvings(雕刻)．
I will be extremely glad and honored if you could take it into consideration!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
点击进入WORD文档
课时规范训练
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放(共110张PPT)
Section Ⅰ　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1 A SEA STORY
语篇研析·教材精读
1．There is an __________ risk of Tengchong volcano in our country.
2．Everyone in the street was _______ when they heard the strange news.
3．It was an actor whose name _______ me at that time.
4．He was extremely fortunate to _______ the earthquake.
5．Miriam was too __________ to tell her family what had happened.
6．During our ___________ of the rats, we made several new discoveries.
eruption
shocked
escaped
survive
frightened
observation
词
汇
预
习
Ⅰ.重点单词
（一）选用下面的单词并用其适当形式填空
eruption；comment；crowded；shock；overuse；escape；survive；frightened；horrible；curious；observation；equal
(二)写出下列词汇的派生词
1．erupt v．爆发→__________ n．爆发
2．crowd v．拥挤→________ adj.拥挤的；挤满人的
3．live v．生活→_______adj.活的，活着的
4．_____ vt.使震惊；使难以置信→shocking adj.令人感到震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的
5．_______ vi.& vt.活下来；幸存→survival n．幸免于难→survivor n．幸存者
eruption
crowded
living
shock
survive
6．poem n．诗歌→poet n．诗人 →______ n．诗歌；作诗的艺术
7．frighten v．令……感到害怕→frightening adj.令人感到害怕的→___________ adj.受惊的，害怕的
8．___________adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→horribly adv.可怕地
9．curious adj.好奇的→___________ adv.好奇地→___________ n．好奇
10．observe v．观察→___________ n．观察；观察结果
poetry
frightened
horrible
curiously
curiosity
observation
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．turn one's back ______ sb./sth.　　　对……置之不理，对……撒手不管
2．happen _____ sb. 发生在某人身上
3．less _______ 少于
4．be covered ______ 被……覆盖
5．after _____while 过了一会儿
6．be curious _____ 对……好奇
on
to
than
with
a
about
7．tie ...____ ... 把……系到……
8．______ the end 终于
9．pick ____ 获得；(汽车；飞机)乘载；学会；捡起
10．______ the edge of 在……边缘；某事快要发生
to
in
up
on
答案：Parts 1－3　CAB
教
材
精
读
Step 2　Careful reading
Ⅰ.Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．What made the writer's hair change from black to white
A．Medicine.　　　 B．Sorrow.
C．Something terrible. D．The old age.
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The moment the storyteller heard the word “Moskoe-str m”， he took it for granted.
B．When they were on the edge of the whirlpool，the storyteller felt calmer than when they were moving towards it.
C．The storyteller didn't see any other objects in the whirlpool clearly.
D．The storyteller made four important observations.
3．What does “All at once” mean in the second paragraph
A．Suddenly.　　 B．Only once.
C．At one time. D．At a time.
4．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．The storyteller made the right decision and he survived.
B．Soon after the storyteller's brother was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool, the whirlpool became more wild.
C．When the storyteller was saved, the fishermen recognised him.
D．The fishermen believed the storyteller's story.
5．Who didn't save the writer
A．The barrel.
B．The writer himself.
C．Some fishermen.
D．The writer's brother.
答案：1－5　CBAAD
Ⅱ.Read the text carefully again and then fill in the form below.
Coming across
a powerful
①___________ One day about three years ago，my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands ②______ the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.
A huge wave ③_______ our boat and we came across “Moskoe-str m！”
whirlpool
when
covered
The process of
fighting against
“Moskoe-str m” With the wind and waves，we were going in the ④___________ of the whirlpool.
When we were on the edge of the whirlpool，I felt ⑤______ than when we were moving towards it.
When the boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool we were going round in circles at great ⑥_____．I made three important ⑦____________．
So I tied myself ⑧____ a barrel to help me float.I tried to make my brother understand，but he was too ⑨__________ and stayed in the heavy boat.
direction
calmer
speed
observations
to
frightened
Succeeding in
escaping from
“Moskoe-str m” I made the right ⑩__________．In the end，a boat picked me up.I was saved.
decision
Step 3　Post reading
According to the text of Lesson 1 fill in the blanks with an appropriate word or the correct form of the words in brackets.
About three years ago, the storyteller experienced a horrible storm, 1._______ had broken his body and soul.
which
One day, he was out fishing around some islands with his two brothers when the sky 2._____________ (cover) with clouds.They were in a terrible storm in less than a minute.His 3._______(young) brother fell into the sea.He and his elder brother were pushed 4.____ the direction of the whirlpool and went round and round it.The storyteller felt sick, as if he was falling from 5. __ mountain top in a dream.It may appear strange, but at that moment, when they were on the edge of the whirlpool, he felt calmer than when they were moving towards it.After a while, he made three important 6.____________ (observe).7._____ (base) on what he had found, he tied 8._______ (he)to a barrel，which helped him to float.Although he tried to make his elder brother understand that he should do the same, his brother was too 9.__________ (frighten) and stayed in the heavy boat.10._______ (final), the storyteller was saved.
was covered
younger
in
a
observations
Based
himself
frightened
Finally
随堂训练·巩固提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
In the far corner of the front yard of a large house in Florida rests an RV—Recreational Vehicle(活动房屋式旅游车), shaded by trees as clothing on a nearby line sways (摇动) in the breeze.In this RV, National Geographic explorer Thomas Culhane lives with his wife, Enas, almost entirely off the grid—a lifestyle without depending on electricity supply.
Culhane began living off the grid in the late 1990s, when he went into the basement of his apartment building in Los Angeles and pulled the plug that delivered electricity.Even earlier though, he was first inspired by sustainable living during a trip in 1970 to visit his relatives.He was eight years old and worried that his stay in their small village was going to be miserable because his relatives told him they had no air conditioning or electricity but they had plenty of fresh fruits from orchards (果园) and lots of cold drinks chilled by the icy stream from the ice caps of the nearby mountain.“This is amazing，”says Culhane.
He met Enas when she was living in an ecovillage in Portugal.Enas said she liked the feeling of being low impact, of being harmless to the earth.Culhane was attracted and fell in love with her.The couple got married, living on the same property(财产) that they currently have.They moved into their first home together—an RV which they immediately took completely off-grid.
Inside their RV, Culhane and Enas have hot showers, a working gas stove, a refrigerator, a washing machine and a big screen TV.They use gas created by their on-site biodigesters (生物煮解器) to cook on a gas-powered stove.They also use energy created by the biodigesters to heat their bath water.They feed the biodigesters using their own food waste—at no additional cost to the earth.
Sometimes on weekends, the RV is turned into a classroom.The couple host workshops to let the community members and students know living an off-grid life is getting easier and teach them how to respect and coexist peacefully with the environment.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要叙述了Culhane和Enas这对夫妇为了给地球减负，不危害地球，在活动房屋式旅游车中过着一种完全不用电的自给自足的生活。他们还举办了研讨会，让社区成员和学生知道，远离电的生活其实并不难，并教他们如何尊重环境，与环境和平共处。
1．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2
A．Add some background information.
B．Summarize the previous paragraph.
C．Provide some advice for the readers.
D．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
解析：A　推理判断题。第二段第一句“Culhane began living off the grid in the late 1990s, when he went into the basement of his apartment building in Los Angeles and pulled the plug that delivered electricity.”是本段的主旨句，可知，Culhane在20世纪90年代末开始过着不用电网的生活，当时他住在洛杉矶公寓楼的地下室，拔掉了供电插头。再结合本段的内容可知，本段主要介绍了Culhane的一次探亲之行启发了他过不用电的生活方式，即关于他的环保生活的一些背景信息。故选A。
2．What attracted Culhane most when he first met Enas
A．Her marriage property.
B．Their common life belief.
C．The beauty of her ecovillage.
D．Her experience of exploration.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Enas said she liked the feeling of being low impact, of being harmless to the earth.Culhane was attracted and fell in love with her.”可知，埃纳斯说她喜欢那种对地球影响小、无害的感觉。卡尔汉被她吸引并爱上了她。再根据文章的内容可知，他们俩都喜欢这种不用电网的生活。由此可推断出，当Culhane第一次见到Enas的时候，吸引他的是他们共同的生活方式。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。
3．What do the biodigesters produce
A．Food waste.
B．Additional costs.
C．Greenhouse gases.
D．Alternative energy.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“They use gas created by their on-site biodigesters(生物煮解器) to cook on a gas-powered stove.They also use energy created by the biodigesters to heat their bath water.They feed the biodigesters using their own food waste—at no additional cost to the earth.”可知，他们使用煮解生物煮解器产生的气体在燃气炉上做饭。它们还利用生物煮解器产生的能源来加热洗澡水。它们用生物煮解器分解自己的食物垃圾产生能源，而不增加对地球的负担。由此可推断出生物煮解器可产生替代能源。故选D。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．An RV Classroom
B．Living off the Grid
C．Getting Close to Nature
D．Protecting the Environment
解析：B　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段最后一句“In this RV，National Geographic explorer Thomas Culhane lives with his wife, Enas, almost entirely off the grid—a lifestyle without depending on electricity supply.”即“卡尔汉和他的妻子伊纳斯几乎完全不使用电网——一种不依赖电力供应的生活方式”；和第二段第一句中的“Culhane began living off the grid in the late 1990s” 即“卡尔汉从20世纪90年代末开始过着无电生活”；和最后一段中的“The couple host workshops to let the community members and students know living an off-grid life is getting easier”等可知，本文主要叙述了Culhane和Enas这对夫妇喜欢完全不用电网，住在活动房屋式旅游车中的自给自足的生活。综合全文可知，“living off the grid”贯穿全文，而B项(Living off the Grid)即为远离电网，符合题意，是最佳题目，故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” __1__ According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.
__2__ If the air you're breathing is clean—which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen.If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain.
Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈)．__3__ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪)．Greenery is good for us.Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.__4__ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
__5__ While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D．To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D．
A．Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B．So what are you waiting for
C．Being in nature refreshes us.
D．Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E．But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
F．Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G．All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气对人体的各种好处。
1．E　根据下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E选项是一般疑问句。E项“但是新鲜空气真的像你母亲说的那样对你有好处吗？”承上启下，故选E。空前的“people tell us to ‘go out and get some fresh air’”和选项中的“your mother always said”亦是呼应。
2．A　根据下一句中提到的“If the air you're breathing is clean ...the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen.”可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的，充满活力的氧气。再根据下文中“...breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain.”是对前文的递进，在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前面的分析可以推知，该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部，然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选A项“新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部”。
3．G　根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G选项提到该类名词，故G项“在全国，康复中心已经开始建造‘康复花园’。”“these places”就是指“Healing Gardens。”
4．C　前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用：绿色的正在成长的植物可以减轻压力，降低血压，使人情绪良好；空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后的“It”也要指代这种情况。故选C项“身处大自然可以使人精神焕发。”
5．D　根据下文中提到的“the sun's rays ...give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，该段介绍阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳光。选项中只有D选项涉及阳光。故选D项“获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。”
Ⅲ.语法填空
If you're in a hurricane(飓风)-hit area and plan on riding it out, proper 1.________ (prepare) is key.And there is one thing you should have around at all times: a plastic water bottle.Why When the weather 2.________ (take) a turn for the worse, a water bottle is one of the most useful things 3.________ you have in your home.It might even save your life.Severe flooding caused by a hurricane can make the local drinking water dirty with some 4.________ (danger) substances. 5.________ (avoid) a serious illness, it's best to store plenty of bottled water to drink safely.
That's pretty obvious, of course.But keep those empty plastic bottles around after you drink, too, 6.________ they have lots of uncommon uses.For example, 7.________ empty water bottle can turn into a water filter(滤水器) if you need to drink from the tap.If your lights go 8.________， don't go the old-fashioned way with candles; you can rely on your handy plastic water bottles once again.Simply tape a small flashlight to the bottom of the bottle, and 9.________ (it) plastic (and the water inside) will amplify the glow(增强光亮)．Then the little light can 10.________ (use) to light up a room or send signals to rescue personnel.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在飓风到来之时，如何利用塑料水瓶来自救。
1．preparation　考查名词。句意：如果你在受飓风袭击的地区，并计划渡过难关，适当的准备是关键。根据上文proper修饰名词可知应填名词preparation。故填preparation。
2．takes　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当天气转坏的时候，水瓶是你家里最有用的东西之一。本句中主语为weather，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填takes。
3．that　考查定语从句连词。句意同上。本句为定语从句修饰先行词things，且先行词被形容词最高级修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
4．dangerous　考查形容词。句意：飓风引起的严重洪水会使当地的饮用水被一些危险物质污染。substances为名词需要形容词修饰，故填dangerous。
5．To avoid　考查非谓语动词。句意：为了避免严重的疾病，最好储存大量的瓶装水安全饮用。本句中avoid做非谓语动词，表目的应用不定式。位于句首首字母大写，故填To avoid。
6．because　考查连词。句意：但是在你喝完之后，也要把那些空塑料瓶放在身边，因为它们有很多不寻常的用途。本句为原因状语从句，表示“因为”故用because。故填because。
7．an　考查冠词。句意：例如，如果你需要从水龙头喝水，一个空水瓶可以变成一个滤水器。bottle为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且empty为发音以元音音素开头的单词，故应用不定冠词an。故填an。
8．out　考查固定短语。句意：如果你的灯灭了，不要使用传统的蜡烛；你可以再一次依靠你手边的塑料水瓶。固定短语go out“熄灭”，故填out。
9．its　考查代词。句意：只要把一个小手电筒贴在瓶子底部，瓶子里的塑料(和里面的水)就会放大光线。plastic为名词，需要形容词修饰，故用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
10．be used　考查动词时态语态。句意：然后，小灯可以用来照亮房间或发送信号给救援人员。本句中主语light与谓语动词构成动宾关系，且can后跟动词原形。故填be used。
知识探究·讲练互动
1.escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避
Without waiting，I jumped into the sea to try and escape.(教材原句)
没有等待，我潜入大海，试图逃离。
【语境体验】
①Only with the greatest of luck did he manage to escape from the building on fire.
是由于运气太好，他才能从失火的楼中逃生。
②He ever had a narrow escape from a traffic accident, so he dared not drive.
他曾经在一次交通事故中死里逃生，所以他不敢开车了。
(1)escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事
escape from ... 从……逃跑，逃走
escape one's attention/notice/sb. 逃过某人的注意；被某人遗忘
(2)have a narrow escape 九死一生，幸免于难
归纳 拓展
【学以致用】
完成句子
①我忽视了这个问题，这使我很尴尬。
________________________________________, which made me very embarrassed.
②他游到了河对岸，没有被抓住。
He was able to swim across the river and ____________________．
The problem escaped my attention/notice/me
escaped being caught
2．survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存
Why did the storyteller survive while his elder brother didn't？(教材原句)
为什么讲故事的人活了下来，而他的哥哥却没有？
【语境体验】
Mr Black was one of the survivors who survived the earthquake which struck Alaska.He told us he survived on a bottle of mineral water.Everyone said his survival was a wonder.
布兰克先生是阿拉斯加州地震中幸免于难的幸存者之一。他告诉我们他是靠着一瓶矿泉水存活下来的。大家都说他的幸存是个奇迹。
(1)survive sth.　　幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来
survive on ... 依靠……生存下来
survive from ... 从……中存活/流传下来
A survive(s) B (by ...) A比B活得长(……)
(2)survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物
归纳 拓展
【名师指津】　survive表示“从地震、火灾、事故中幸存下来”时，为及物动词，其后不加介词from。
【学以致用】
单句语法填空
①Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our __________ (survive)．
②My grandma survived my grandpa ____ ten years.
③The __________ of the earthquake often talks about his __________．(survive)
survival
by
survivor
survival
3．frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的
The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.(教材原句)
我一听到这个词就非常害怕。
【语境体验】
①The eagle suddenly flew into the air, which made me frightened.
那只鹰突然飞向空中，使我受到了惊吓。
②Don't frighten me into doing something I don't want to do.
不要恐吓我做我不想做的事情。
③A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.
突然停下可能是一次非常可怕的经历，尤其是你正在高速行进时。
(1)frighten sb.into/out of doing sth.　　　恐吓某人做/不做某事
frighten sb.to death 把某人吓得要死
frighten ...away/off 吓走/跑……
(2)be frightened of... 害怕……
(3)frighten v. 使惊吓；吓唬
frightening adj. 令人恐惧的
归纳 拓展
【学以致用】
单句语法填空
①She was __________ (frighten) of falling into the swimming pool.
②I know it must be a ____________(frighten)experience for you.
frightened
frightening
4．curious adj.好奇的
After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself.(教材原句)
过了一会儿，我对漩涡本身产生了好奇。
【语境体验】
It is good to be curious about the world around you because I think curiosity is the best teacher.
对你周围的世界感到好奇是件好事，因为我认为好奇心是最好的老师。
(1)be curious about...　对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 渴望/好奇地做某事
(2)curiously adv. 好奇地
(3)curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心
out of curiosity 出于好奇
with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地
meet/satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
归纳 拓展
【学以致用】
单句语法填空
①In high school, I became curious _____ the computer, and built my first website.
②As the _______ boy looked at the box ___________, I opened it just to satisfy his ___________．(curious)
③People gathered round, curious _________(know) what is happening.
about
curious
curiously
curiosity
to know
5．equal adj.相等的；相同的 n．同等的人；相等物 vt.等于；比得上
The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell; the second, between two objects of equal extent, spheres,which were ball?like objects,fell more rapidly; and the third, between two objects of the same size, cylinders,which were tube?like objects,fell more slowly.(教材原句)
第一，物体越大，下落速度就越快；第二，在两个体积相同的物体中，球形物体（类似球的物体）下落速度更快；第三，在两个尺寸相同的物体中，圆柱形物体（类似管子的物体）下落速度更慢。
【语境体验】
①There are equal numbers of boys and girls in our class.They value the equality in everything among themselves.
我们班男生和女生人数相同，他们重视任何方面的平等。
②Hong Kong Wetland Park is equally attractive in spring and autumn, for the weather is pleasant in both seasons.
春季和秋季，香港湿地公园同样地具有吸引力，因为这两个季节的天气都很宜人。
③When it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal/are without equal.
当谈及战争的艺术时，谁也比不上蚂蚁。
④They attach great importance to equality and believe that all work is of equal value.
他们崇尚平等而且认为所有工作都具有同等价值。
(1)equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth.　　在(做)某事方面比得过、敌得过某人/物
(2)be equal to ... 与……相等/平等；与……同样出色；比得上
be equal to (doing) sth.　 能胜任(做)某事
of equal size/length/height 同等大小/长度/高度
(3)without equal /have no equal 无与伦比
(4)equality n. 相等；平等
equally adv. 相等地；平等地
归纳 拓展
【学以致用】
(1)写出下列句中equal的含义及词性
①Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.
_______________________
②Any man will be equal to the task，so long as he is careful.You should give it a try._________________
③Such behavior is，to my mind，without equal all over the world.
_____________
④We need to be active in all kinds of sports，and pay attention to mental health which is equal to physical health._________________
vt.等于；抵得上
adj.胜任的
n.相等物
adj.同等的
(2)单句语法填空
⑤He is equal to _______________ (accomplish) the task, for no one ______ (equal) him in the area.In other words, he is _______ equal.
⑥They live and work together in complete __________ (equal)and brotherhood.
accomplishing
equals
without
equality
6．pick up捡起；学会；结识；用车接；好转；恢复；收听；购买
In the end, a boat picked me up.(教材原句)
最后，一艘船把我救了起来。
【语境体验】
①We drove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan.
我们第二天早晨开车去机场接苏姗。
②He gets picked on by the other boys because he's so small.
他因为个子小受到其他男孩子的欺负。
③She was picked out for the job.
她被挑选出来做这份工作。
pick out　挑出，辨别出
pick one's pocket 扒窃
pick on sb. 对某人刁难挑剔
归纳 拓展
【学以致用】
(1)写出下列句中pick up的含义
①I was able to pick you up on the short wave radio._________
②I'll pick you up at the school gate._________
③He picked up the book from the floor._______________
④The children have picked up the local accent.______
(2)单句语法填空
⑤A competition was held to pick _____ the best table tennis players.
⑥Where did you pick _____ your English
收听到
用车接
拾起，捡起
学会
out
up
7．I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(教材原句)
我觉得恶心，好像我在梦中从山顶上摔下来。
【句型剖析】　本句中as if＝as though意为“仿佛，好像”，引导状语从句。
【语境体验】
①It seems as if/though the boy has lost his way.
那个男孩好像迷路了。
②It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it
打破玻璃的是约翰，为什么你和我说话，好像是我打破了玻璃一样？
③The child talks to us as if he were a grown-up.
那个孩子跟我们谈起话来像个大人似的。
(1)as if引导状语从句时：
①如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的，从句谓语用陈述语气。
②如果从句所陈述情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的，从句谓语用虚拟语气。
与现在事实相反：did/were
与过去事实相反：had done
与将来事实相反：would/could ...＋do
③若as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词。
(2)as if后面可以跟不定式。
归纳 拓展
【学以致用】
单句语法填空
①Hurry up! It looks as if the train ____ (be) going to move.
②A young couple in a boat are eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they ______ (be) the only people in the world.
③He opened his mouth as if ________ (say) something.
is
were
to say
8．The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell ...(教材原句)
第一，物体越大，下落速度就越快……
【句型剖析】　“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”意为“越……就越……”
【语境体验】
①The more you talk, the less attention he will pay to you.
你说得越多，他越不注意听你讲。
②The more he eats, the fatter he gets.
他吃得越多就变得越胖。
③The less you worry, the better results you will get in the examination.
你越放松，考试的成绩就会越好。
④The sooner, the better.
越快越好。
(1)第一个“the＋比较级……”是条件状语从句，第二个“the＋比较级……”是主句。如果第二个“the＋比较级……”用一般将来时，则第一个“the＋比较级……”通常用一般现在时代替将来时。
(2)这个句型表示从句和主句的变化是同时进行的，即：主句的情况随着从句的情况而变化。两个“the＋比较级……”要分别放在两个句子的主谓结构之前，两句之间可以用逗号隔开。当意思很明白时，两句常采用省略形式。
归纳 拓展
【学以致用】
(1)句型转换
①If you devote more time to practicing your spoken English, it will become more fluent.
→___________________ you devote to practicing your spoken English, ___________________ it will become.
②The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
→You will make greater progress ______________________．
The more time
the more fluent
if you work harder
(2)完成句子
③他越是这样想，就越是不开心。
________________________, the more unhappy he became.
④你对我们的传统文化了解越多，你对它越感兴趣。
___________________________________________, the more you are interested in it.
⑤你越小心，你犯的错就会越少。
The more careful you are, ______________________________.
The more he thought like this
The more you know about our traditional culture
the fewer mistakes you will make
随堂训练·巩固提升
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．In hospital she'll be under ___________ (观察) all the time.
2．Steve was intensely _______(好奇的)about the world I came from.
3．We all tend to _______ (过度使用) certain expressions.
4．Loneliness can be __________(可怕的), but it need not remain that way.
5．The roads are _______ (拥挤)with vehicles of all kinds.
observation
curious
overuse
horrible
crowded
6．Women in our country enjoy e______ rights with men.
7．Going into that deep, dark cave was really f__________．
8．He s_______ in spite of suffering serious injuries.
9．The baby's mother e______ from the fire along with two other children.
10．She was so s______ that she could hardly bring out a word.
qual
rightening
urvived
scaped
hocked
Ⅱ.选词填空
happen to; less than; be covered with; after a while; tie ...to ...; pick up; on the edge of; be adapted from
1．I don't know what _____________ her husband last Saturday.
2．Do you remember that time she _________ my daughter when I was ill
3．I wrote my wish on a piece of cloth and ______ it ____ the tree.
4．This text _________________ a story in Chinese literature.
happened to
picked up
tied
to
is adapted from
5．My garden ____________________ so many butterflies that I could hardly see the flowers.
6．Why are you sitting _______________ the building It's dangerous.
7．The game took her _____________ an hour to finish.
8．_____________, the sickness gradually passed and she struggled to her room.
was covered with
on the edge of
less than
After a while
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．你练习英语越多，你的英语就越好。
_____________English you practise，____________ your English will be.
2．她待她丈夫如陌生人。
She treated her husband ______________________________．
The more
as if/though he were a stranger
the better
3．如果他找不到走出森林的路，他生存的可能性很小。
If he couldn't find his way out of the forest, _____________________ _____________________．
4．他自出院以来，身体慢慢地康复了。
__________________________since he came out of hospital.
5．当一辆轿车撞上他们的车时，他们死里逃生。
____________________________ when a car crashed into theirs.
there would be little
chance of survival
He has picked up slowly
They had a narrow escape
Ⅳ.微写作
根据提示完成下文
天气很好，这就是我们决定去参观一座古老的寺庙的原因( That's the reason why...)。一大早，我们就朝寺庙的方向(in the direction of)出发。我们一到达(the moment)，就了解到这座寺庙经历了(survive)一场可怕(horrible)的大地震。当我们正在欣赏寺庙的美丽时，突然(all at once)我们听到一声可怕的尖叫声。一名受惊吓的(frightened)游客掉到一条很深的河里，我立即把他救起来(pick up)并设法把他送到医院。尽管我不能好好欣赏一下寺庙，但这对我很有意义。
【参考范文】
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
The weather was good.That's the reason why we decided to visit an old temple.Early in the morning, we set out in the direction of the temple.The moment we arrived, we learned that the temple had survived a horrible earthquake.While we were enjoying the beauty of the temple, all at once we heard a terrible scream.A frightened tourist fell into a deep river.I immediately picked him up and managed to take him to the hospital.Although I can't enjoy the temple, it means a lot to me.
课时规范训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They are fighting for the __________ (平等) of women.
2．Tom picked up the blue envelope and turned it over ___________(好奇地)．
3．Since when have you been interested in ______(诗歌)
4．Officials said there were no ___________ (幸存者) of the plane crash.
5．This patient should be in hospital for ___________(观察)．
6．I don't really know so I could not make a c________ on that.
equality
curiously
poetry
survivors
observation
omment
7．The prisoners attempted to e_____ but failed.
8．I think the film is f__________ rather than exciting.
9．The young man is dead.We have only to consider the l_____．
10．To a certain e_____, it's easier for men to get work.
scape
rightening
iving
xtent
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．They are there only to satisfy their ___________(curious)．
2．It was a very ___________ (frighten) experience and they were very brave.
3．In midsummer every town is impossibly _______ (crowd)．
4．The place was recently visited by a serious volcanic __________ (erupt)．
5．There were a ___________(shock)number of traffic accidents in the past.
curiosity
frightening
crowded
eruption
shocking
6．Those who break the law will not escape _______________ (punish).
7．An animal's sense of smell is so important to its _________ (survive).
8．Only through careful ___________ (observe)can we find out what the problem is.
9．The _______ (early)you get there, the more money you will earn.
10．The French girl speaks English so well that she sounds as if she ______ (be) a British native.
being punished
survival
observation
earlier
were
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Earthquakes are something that people fear.There are some places that have few or no earthquakes.Most places in the world, however, have them regularly. Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous.
The most talked about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906.Over 700 people died in it.The strongest one in North America was in 1964.It happened in Alaska.
Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people.In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2，000 people died.
In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, Yokohama area of Japan.A hundred and forty thousand people died.Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake.
One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 1976.It killed a large number of people.The worst earthquake ever reported was also in China, in which 830，000 people were killed.This earthquake happened in 1556.
Earthquakes worry people a lot.The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming.People cannot prepare for them.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几次大的地震。
1．What can we infer from the passage
A．People are not afraid of earthquakes.
B．Only strong earthquakes kill a large number of people.
C．A large number of earthquakes often happen next to mountains.
D．Earthquakes happen only in a few places along the coast.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据文章第一句可知A项错误；从文章有关地震所致伤亡情况的叙述来看， B项错误；根据第一段的“Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous.”可知答案为C项。
2．How many people died in the earthquake which happened in Portugal in 1755
A．500.　　　　 B．140，000.
C．830，000. D．About 2，000.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal.Around 2，000 people died.”可知答案。
3．When and where was the worst earthquake ever reported
A．1964；Alaska. B．1556；China.
C．1923；Japan. D．1979；China.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知答案。
4．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true
A．The stronger the earthquake is, the more people are killed.
B．Earthquakes often come unexpectedly.
C．Earthquakes can cause fires.
D．People still don't know when an earthquake will come.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people.”可知， A项错误。
Ⅳ.七选五
How to Make Sure Your Idea Doesn't Die
Getting great ideas It's easy.Following up on them is hard! __1__
Ask “Why doesn't this work”．
Although he might have had the idea for it, Steve Jobs didn't just have the iPhone's unique touch screen in a single night.Instead，he thought about the present situation of smart phones and continually asked a single question: “Why don't they work？” __2__
__3__
A good routine often helps you put your ideas into action.Toni Morrison, an outstanding writer, has a more special routine centered on daylight.She rises at around 5：00 each morning to watch the dawn.For her, it's important to wake before the light and observe the transition (转变) into day.__4__ Whatever you choose as your morning routine, consider it as the reliable framework that gives you the best idea.
Don't fly alone.
When ideas meet in a shared physical or mental space, creative ideas are bound to happen—which is great.Working in a shared physical space just might help you find your ideal creative partners.__5__ Besides, they may provide detailed focus that might not be your strong suit.Of course, partners needn't pursue everything together.A creative conversation is more useful, which can set up a series of goals toward which the individual team members are free to work on their own.
A．Make full use of your spare time.
B．Never ignore the power of routine.
C．They can strengthen your confidence and give some valuable suggestions.
D．This one little question helped him get from an idea to a practical solution.
E．He makes a great contribution to “the look and feel of the product”．
F．Here are some tips to make sure your great idea becomes a reality.
G．She considers it a special moment that inspires her to write.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何让自己的想法变成现实提供了可行的方法。
1．F　根据下文给出的三种方法可知，此处应该是一个过渡句，起承上启下的作用。故选F项。
2．D　根据该空前面“Why don't they work？”可推出“This one little question helped him get from an idea to a practical solution”就是这个小问题帮他把想法变成了实际的解决方案，这样搭配符合上下文逻辑。故选D项。
3．B　分析文章可知，此处是选起总结性作用的小标题。通过分析下面自然段的大意可知，该段主要讲好的日常生活模式也会有助于把想法变成现实。故选B项。
4．G　联系前文“For her, it's important to wake before the light and observe the transition(转变) into day.”对于她来说在天亮以前起床观察一整天的变化是很重要的，G项“She considers it a special moment that inspires her to write.”她把这个时刻看作是启发写作的特殊时刻，此句中的“special moment”就是指天亮以前，这样上下句切合紧密且符合逻辑。故选G项。
5．C　根据此空的上下文可知，此处讲关于找搭档的话题。找到理想的且有创造力的搭档会让你更加自信而且也可以给你有价值的建议，这样前后句符合逻辑。partners是复数形式，后文用they来代指，语法上也符合。故选C项。
Ⅴ.语法填空
1．________ 1：47 am on Sep.21st 1999, a terrible earthquake of magnitude 7.6 shook Taiwan.By 22：00 pm, 2.________ number of people who were killed in the earthquake 3.________ (reach) 1，670.As many as 3，920 people were 4.________ (injury)．Over 2，000 people were trapped 5.________ the fallen buildings and hundreds of people were still missing. 6.______ great number of people had lost 7.________ (they) homes.The earthquake had the electricity 8.________ ( cut) off.And lots of buildings and bridges 9.________ (destroy)．It is the strongest earthquake 10.________ has ever hit Taiwan in a century.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了1999年9月21日凌晨台湾地震的情况。
1．At　考查介词。时间点前应用介词at。位于句首首字母大写，故填At。
2．the　考查冠词。句意：到了22：00，在地震中丧生的人数已达1，670人。the number of＋名词复数，表示“……的数目”，故填the。
3．had reached　考查时态。句意见上题解析。根据时间状语“By 22：00 pm”可知，该句应用过去完成时态。故填had reached。
4．injured　考查形容词。句意：多达3，920人受伤了。该空作表语，应用形容词，意为“受伤的”。故填injured。
5．in　考查介词。句意：2，000多人被困在倒塌的建筑中。表示“在……中”，用介词in。故填in。
6．A　考查冠词。句意：很多人失去了家园。a number of＋名词复数意为“大量的，很多”，位于句首首字母大写，故填A。
7．their　考查代词。修饰名词homes，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
8．cut　考查非谓语动词。句意：地震切断了电。该题考查have sth.done结构，意为“使……被做”。 the electricity和cut off之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词cut作宾语补足语。故填cut。
9．were destroyed　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上文可知，该句叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时态。且主语lots of buildings and bridges为复数和destroy之间是动宾关系，该句应用被动语态。综上，该空填were destroyed。
10．that　考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词为earthquake，且有形容词最高级修饰，应用that作关系代词。故填that。
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