2025年中考英语二轮专题复习第十讲-动词六大基本时态课件(共27张PPT)

(共27张PPT)
动词时态
适合全学段
时间
状态
现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时
进行 现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时 过去将来进行时
完成 现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时 过去将来完成时
完成进行 现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时 将来完成进行时 过去将来完成进行时
一、一般现在时
1．一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态。
一般现在时通常与表示现在的时间状语：always，often，usually，every day，sometimes，once a week 。
I always watch TV at 8：00 in the evening.
They go home once a week.
We usually do our homework at home.
2. 表示客观事实或普遍真理。
The light travels faster than the sound.
The sun rises from earth.
3. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。
He will help you If you ask him.
4. 第三人称单数动词变化规则。
(1)一般情况下在动词词尾加 s。
come—comes　speak—speaks
live—lives work—works
(2)以o，s，x，ch，sh结尾的单词，一般在词尾加 es。
do—does　go—goes　finish—finishes　brush—brushes　fix—fixes　pass—passes　watch—watches
(3)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词，变y为i加 es。
study—studies　carry—carries　cry—cries
(4)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词，在词尾直接加 s。
play—plays　stay—stays
二、一般过去时
1．一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态，不强调与现在的关系。
通常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday，last night，some years ago，in 1990，in those days等连用。
I was a student 6 years ago.
I went to Beijing last year.
They saw a film last night.
2.表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
3.有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect等，表示“本来认为”
.I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我没想到会在这儿遇到你
3．动词过去式变化规则。
(1)一般情况下在动词词尾加 ed。
work—worked　call—called　laugh—laughed
explain—explained　finish—finished
knock—knocked
(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加 d。
live—lived　change—changed　smoke—smoked
die—died　graduate—graduated
(3)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词，变y为i加 ed。
study—studied　carry—carried　cry—cried
try—tried　marry—married
(4)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加 ed。
play—played　stay—stayed
(5)以“一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母”的重读闭音节结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加 ed。
stop—stopped　plan—planned　pat—patted
(6)动词不规则变化：
do—did　go—went　come—came　run—ran
write—wrote　begin—began　drink—drank
keep—kept　leave—left　sleep—slept　make—made
lie—lay　dig—dug　eat—ate　know—knew　cut—cut　set—set　let—let　read—read　hurt—hurt
三、一般将来时
表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，next Sunday，soon，in a few days等连用。
1．主语＋will/shall＋动原＋...(shall常用于第一人称)
Which book shall I read first
They will have a meeting next week.
2．be (am，is，are) going to
They're going to swim next Sunday.
What are they going to do next Sunday
3．be about to＋v.原形 (此时通常不与表示将来的时间状语连用)
I am about to leave school.
They are about to set out.(√)
They are about to set out soon.(×)
注意：还可以用其他时态表将来
(1)动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return用一般现在时表示将来。
主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情(如列车时刻表等)。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
(2)在时间和条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
When Bill comes，ask him to wait for me.
(3)现在进行时表将来。意为“意图”“打算”“安排”，常用词为come，go，start，arrive，leave，stay等。
I'm leaving tomorrow.
四、现在进行时
1．现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在发生或进行的动作。通常与now，at present 等时间状语连用。
We are waiting for you.
Mr.Green is writing another novel. (说话时不一定在写，现阶段处于写作的状态。)
2．基本结构：主语＋be (am，is，are)＋ do ing
You are listening to me carefully now.
She is writing a report this week.
Look! They are dancing.
We are studying English at present.
It's raining hard now.
3．动词现在分词的构成
(1)一般动词直接在词尾加 ing。
do—doing　read—reading　work—working
think—thinking　study—studying　go—going　watch—watching　jump—jumping
(2)以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，应先去掉 e 然后加 ing。
like—liking　take—taking　leave—leaving
live—living　receive—receiving　dance—dancing　come—coming　smoke—smoking　write—writing
(3) 以“一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母”的重读闭音节结尾的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加 ing。
stop—stopping　begin—beginning
dig—digging　swim—swimming
run—running　sit—sitting
(注意：listen—listening　open—opening　eat—eating
rain—raining　sleep—sleeping)
四、过去进行时
1．表示过去某一时刻或某阶段时间正在进行的动作， 通常与 yesterday,at this/that time yesterday, when引导的时间状语等连用。
2．句型结构：主语＋was/were ＋do ing
It was raining at 7：00 the day before yesterday.
They were building a house at this time last winter.
We were reading when the teacher came in..
What were you doing when the teacher came in
五、现在完成时
1．表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
2．表示过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，通常与时间状语up to now，in the past，recently，by...，for 5 years，since 1994，so far，already，yet，ever，just等连用。
I have seen the film.
I saw the film three days ago.
3．句型结构：主语＋have/has＋动词过去分词
I've finished this work.
I have not heard from her recently.
I have already read this book.
—Have you finished the work
—Yes，I have./—No，I haven't.
What have you read recently
4．过去分词的构成 (变化规则同过去式的变化规则)
常用的不规则动词变化如下：
cost—cost—cost
beat—beat—beaten
become—became—become
hear—heard—heard
fly—flew—flown
复习一下
一般现在时、现在进行时，现在完成时
一般过去时，过去进行时，
一般将来时