(共23张PPT)
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
Section Ⅵ Grammar②
进行时态
内容索引
结构脉络
1
感知语法
2
精讲语法
3
结构脉络
返回
感知语法
根据已学单词，从下面一段文字中挑选出至少三个包含后缀的词汇并标出词性。
The relationship between young people and non-profit organizations can be the start of a great change in the community and should be a very powerful educational experience.An open-minded and promising flow of communication between organizations and community members can be the start of social and environmental change.Together，we can make the change.
答案：(1)relationship n. (2)organizations n.
(3)powerful adj. (4)educational adj.
(5)communication n. (6)social adj.
(7)environmental adj.
返回
精讲语法
在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀，使之变成一个新词，这种构词的方法叫作派生法。词缀有前缀和后缀两种。一般情况下，加前缀改变词义，加后缀改变词性。我们通常可以根据后缀判断出一个词的词性。
1．形容词后缀
后缀 意义 例词
-able 常用在名词或动词后，“可……的；能……的” reason→reasonable有道理的
accept→acceptable可接受的
-al 用在名词后面，“属于……的，具有……性质的” nature→natural自然的
nation→national国家的；民族的
-an 用在名词之后，“国家(人)的” Asia→Asian亚洲(人)的
America→American美国(人)的
后缀 意义 例词
-en 由……制作的 wood→wooden木制的
wool→woolen羊毛的
-ern ……方向的 east→eastern 东方的
west→western 西方的
-ese 某国(人)的 China→Chinese中国(人)的
Japan→Japanese日本(人)的
-ful 用在名词或动词后，“充满……的；有……性质的；有……倾向的” beauty→beautiful 美丽的
care→careful 小心的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
后缀 意义 例词
-ic/cal 与……有关的 electricity→electric用电的
politics→political政治的
-ish 如……的，……似的 child→childish 孩子气的
self→selfish 自私的
-ive 倾向……的 act→active 积极的
collect→collective 集体的
-less 没有……的 care→careless 粗心的
use→useless 无用的
后缀 意义 例词
-ly 有……特征的；像……的 friend→friendly 友好的
year→yearly 每年的
mother→motherly 慈母般的
brother→brotherly 兄弟般的
-ous 有……特性的 famous 著名的
dangerous 危险的
-some 用在名词或动词后；构成形容词，“易于……的，有……倾向的” quarrel→quarrelsome爱争吵的
tire→tiresome令人厌烦的
-y 有……性质的，多……的 wind→windy 多风的
dirt→dirty 脏的
2．动词后缀
后缀 意义 例词
-en 用在名词或形容词之后，“使成为，使变成” length→lengthen 加长
short→shorten 缩短
wide→widen 加宽
-fy/-ify 用在名词或形容词之后，“使……化，使成为……” beauty→beautify 美化
simple→simplify 简化
-ize/-ise 用在名词或形容词之后，“使成为……，使……化” apology→apologize/apologise道歉
organ→organize/organise组织
real→realize/realise实现
3．副词后缀
后缀 意义 例词
-ly ……地 bad→badly 坏地
easy→easily 容易地
-ward(s) 用在名词或介词之后，“朝向……” for→forward(s) 向前地
west→westward 向西地
4．名词后缀
后缀 意义 例词
-an/-ian ……地方的人；精通……的人 America→American美国人
history→historian历史学家
music→musician音乐家
-dom 用在动词、形容词或名词之后，表示状况、地位、职位等 bore→boredom厌烦
free→freedom自由
king→kingdom王国
后缀 意义 例词
-er 人 foreign→foreigner外国人
report→reporter记者
-ess 人或动物，指雌性 act→actress 女演员
lion→lioness 母狮子
-ful 充满，一……的量 hand→handful 一把
mouth→mouthful 一满口(的量)
-or 人 invent→inventor 发明家
act→actor 演员
后缀 意义 例词
-ism ……主义 Marx→Marxism 马克思主义
capital→capitalism 资本主义
material→materialism 唯物主义
-ist 用在名词或动词后，“从事……的人”或与以-ism结尾的名词结合，“……主义者” novel→novelist小说家
type→typist打字员
physics→physicist物理学家
communism→communist共产主义者
socialism→socialist社会主义者
后缀 意义 例词
-ment 用在动词后，表示行为、状态、结果等 move→movement运动
agree→agreement协议
settle→settlement解决；殖民
-ness 用在形容词后，表示性质、状态或特点 ill→illness疾病
happy→happiness幸福
-ship 用在名词后，使名词意义抽象化，表示状态、地位、身份、职位等 friend→friendship友谊
leader→leadership领导；领导地位
member→membership成员资格
owner→ownership所有权
后缀 意义 例词
-tion 状态、行为 collect→collection 收集
translate→translation 翻译
-th 用在形容词或动词之后，表示性质、状态等 warm→warmth暖和
true→truth真相；真理
wide→width宽度
grow→growth成长
5．数词后缀
后缀 意义 例词
-teen 十几 four→fourteen十四
eight→eighteen十八
-th 第几 four→fourth第四
eight→eighth第八
-ty 几十 four→forty四十
eight→eighty八十
单句语法填空
1．The ________ (wide) of the river makes it a beautiful place to visit.
2．The __________ (translate) of this book into English is very helpful for students.
3．She was filled with __________ (happy) when she received the good news about her exam results.
4．The sandwich was so big that it was a real __________ (mouth) to eat in one bite.
5．After a long week without any plans，he felt a sense of ________ (bore) on Saturday.
width
translation
happiness
mouthful
boredom
巧学活用
6．The ________ (history) gave a fascinating lecture about ancient Egypt.
7．He ____________________ (apology) for being late to the meeting and promised it wouldn’t happen again.
8．I will try to ________ (simple) my explanation so everyone can understand it better.
9．Please ________ (short) your presentation to make sure we have time for questions.
10．As a matter of fact，my birthday is on the _______ (eight) of September.
返回
historian
apologized/apologised
simplify
shorten
eighth
谢 谢 观 看
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE(共88张PPT)
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
Section Ⅱ Lesson 1
内容索引
语基讲练 提能力
4
语篇研读 细梳理
1
语篇助解 释疑难
2
语基自查 固根基
3
课时测评
5
语篇研读 细梳理
Step One：Pre-reading
Use the words below to describe the pictures about the sea.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It was a dark and cloudy night when the wild sea began to roar.The wind was strong，and huge waves crashed against the ships.In the middle of the ocean，a whirlpool formed，making everything spin.Sailors had to survive the violent storm.They held onto their boats，hoping to float through safely.After hours of chaos，the sea finally found its peace.
survive，a whirlpool，wind，cloudy，float，huge waves，ships，peace，wild，violent
Step Two：While-reading
√
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
What was the main idea of the article？
A．The power of nature.
B．Escape from a whirlpool.
C．Quick decision-making.
D．The unpredictability of the sea.
Ⅱ.Match the main ideas with each paragraph
Paragraph 1 A．We were pulled into a whirlpool.
Paragraph 2 B．A terrible event happened to me and made me aged.
Paragraph 3 C．We were in a terrible storm on our way back from fishing.
Paragraph 4 D．I was saved but no one believed my story.
Paragraph 5 E．I made important observations in the whirlpool and tried to escape.
Ⅲ.Read for the structure
his two brothers
fell
direction
hopeless
edge
barrels
observations
tied
frightened
fishermen
Ⅳ.Read for details
1．What was the immediate physical effect of the narrator's experience on him？
A．He lost his memory.
B．His hair turned white in a day.
C．He gained the ability to predict storms.
D．He became immune to fear.
√
2．What was the narrator's reaction when he heard the word “Moskoe-strom”？
A．He felt curious.
B．He became very frightened.
C．He was confused.
D．He felt relieved.
√
3．What did the narrator observe about the whirlpool？
A．The color of the water.
B．The speed of the wind.
C．The objects within the whirlpool.
D．The depth of the whirlpool.
√
4．What decision did the narrator make to escape the whirlpool？
A．He tried to swim away.
B．He jumped into the sea with a barrel.
C．He stayed in the boat.
D．He used a life jacket.
√
Ⅰ.难句解构
1．It may appear strange，but at that moment，when we were on the edge of the whirlpool，I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it.
分析 这是一个but连接的并列复合句。前面分句是简单句；后边分句是主从复合句，其句子主干为______________；两个when均引导时间状语从句，通过比较结构calmer than...进行对比。
翻译 __________________________________________________________ _____________________________
Step Three：Post-reading
I felt calmer...
这么说可能显得奇怪，不过那个时候，当我们处在旋涡边缘时，我反而比向旋涡移动时更平静。
2．As you can see，the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.
分析 这是一个主从复合句，句子主干为__________________。as引导非限制性定语从句，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。
翻译 __________________________________________________________ _______
the reason...is that...
如你所见，我还能在这里讲述这个故事，就是因为我做了正确的决定。
3．I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were.
分析 这是一个and连接的并列复合句。前面分句是简单句；后边分句是主从复合句，其句子主干为________________________________，后边where引导定语从句，修饰an area。
翻译 ________________________________________________________
the waves soon carried me to an area
我人还绑在桶上，很快，海浪把我带到其他渔民所在的地方。
Ⅱ.佳句仿写
1．教材佳句 All at once，the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.(恶劣天气描写)
学后仿写 我们抬头看到乌云迅速聚集。每个人都知道这意味着一场可怕的风暴即将来临。风开始猛烈地吹，雨开始倾盆而下。
We looked up and ____________________________. Everyone knew it meant ________________________.The wind started to blow hard，and the rain _____________ .
saw dark clouds gathering quickly
a terrible storm was coming
began to pour
2．教材佳句 Then the sky was clear，the wind calmer，and the moon was shining.(好的天气描写)
学后仿写 天空很蓝、很清澈。没有风，一切都很平静。阳光灿烂，这是一个出去享受好天气的完美一天。
The sky is _________________.There is no wind，and __________________. The sun ________________，making it a perfect day to go outside and enjoy the good weather.
very blue and clear
everything feels calm
is shining brightly
Ⅲ.课文开发(黑体部分和填空内容均为课表词汇或课文重要表达)
There was a sailor who had experienced many voyages.One day，while sailing，he saw a mysterious whirlpool in the middle of the ocean.It was shaped like a giant funnel，and it was spinning fast，causing big waves.The sailor 1．______________(感到害怕)but also curious about the mystery of the whirlpool.
felt frightened
He decided he needed to 2．_________________________(在这次可怕的状况中生存下来).He tied himself to a barrel because he thought it might float and 3．________________(帮助他逃生).All at once，the wind picked up，and the waves became even stronger.The sailor 4．___________________ ____________(有了三个重要发现)：the ocean’s power was equal to its beauty，the extent of the whirlpool was overwhelming，and the sea was always 5．_________________________(处于潮汐变化的边缘).
It was a dangerous task，but his sense of wonder kept him going.The sailor knew that the ocean was full of risks，but also full of wonders waiting to be discovered.
survive this horrible situation
help him escape
made three important
on the edge of a tidal change
返回
observations
语篇助解 释疑难
①soul/s l/n.灵魂
原文呈现
名师圈点
A SEA STORY
About three years ago，something terrible happened to me.That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul ① . [1] You think I am a very old man—but I am not.It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.
[1]此处为when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the day；从句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是to break my body and soul。从句使用了句型it takes/took(sb) some time to do sth“(某人)花费时间做某事”。
②risk vt.冒险做 n．风险；危险
③all at once突然，忽然
④frightened /'fra tnd/adj.受惊的，害怕的
原文呈现
名师圈点
One day，my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked ② going [2] and got more fish than others.All at once③，the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.A huge wave covered our boat and my younger brother fell into the sea.My elder brother put his mouth close to my ear and cried out“Moskoe-strom！”The moment I heard the word I became very frightened ④ . [3] I knew what he meant by that one word well enough. [4]
[2] where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the islands。
[3]本句中The moment引导时间状语从句，相当于 as soon as。
[4]本句中what引导宾语从句，作动词knew的宾语，what在从句中作meant的宾语。
⑤in the direction of...
朝着……的方向
⑥hopeless adj.无望的
⑦feel sick感到恶心；感到不舒服
⑧round and round(尤指徒劳地)兜兜转转
⑨horrible/'h r b l/adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的
原文呈现
名师圈点
With the wind and waves，we were going in the direction of⑤ the whirlpool.We were hopeless⑥. Nothing could save us.I felt sick⑦，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream [5].We went round and round⑧，nearer and nearer to the horrible⑨ edge of the whirlpool.It may appear strange，but at that moment，when we were on the
[5]画线部分为as if引导的方式状语从句。
⑩on the edge of在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
edge/ed /n.边缘
calm adj.镇定的，沉着的
the power of nature 大自然的力量
moment after moment一刻又一刻
原文呈现
名师圈点
edge of⑩ the whirlpool，I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it.I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way，and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature . [6] Suddenly，we went over the edge.I thought my life was over.But moment after moment passed，and I was still safe.
[6] 本句中主句为I began to think，两个how均引导宾语从句，作动词think的宾语。
at great speed快速地
barrel/'b r l/n.桶
become curious about...
对……变得好奇
curious/'kj ri s/adj.
好奇的
make observations进行观察
observation/ bz 've n/n.观察；观察结果
原文呈现
名师圈点
The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles at great speed .I saw clearly that there were other objects in the whirlpool—trees and barrels .After a while，I became curious about the whirlpool itself.I then made three important observations . The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell；[7] the second， between two
[7]此处为“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，意为“越……，就越……”。
equal/'i kw l/adj.相等的；相同的
extent/ k'stent/n.面积；长度；范围；程度
to a certain/some extent 在某种程度上
tube/tju b/n.圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁
tie...to...把……捆(系，绑)到……上
原文呈现
名师圈点
objects of equal extent ，round objects fell down more rapidly；and the third，between two objects of the same size，objects shaped like a tube [8] fell down more slowly.So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float.I tried to make my brother understand，but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat.Without waiting，I jumped into the sea to try and escape.
[8]此处shaped like a tube是动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰名词objects。
wild adj.狂暴的；暴风雨的
clear adj.无云(或雾)的；晴朗的
pick up搭救，营救
be unable to do sth不能做某事
recognise vt.辨认出
原文呈现
名师圈点
As you can see，the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.Some time after I left the boat，with my brother in it，it was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool.Soon after that，the whirlpool became less wild .Then the sky was clear ，the wind calmer，and the moon was shining.I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were.In the end，a boat picked me up .I was very tired.The fishermen were my old friends，but they were unable to recognise me.When I told them my story，they did not believe it.Now I have told you，and I cannot expect you to believe me any more than the fishermen did．[9]
[9]该句中than引导比较状语从句。
一个海上的故事
大约3年前，我遭遇了一件极其可怕的事情。那天，仅仅6个小时的时间我的身心遭遇了重创。你会觉得我年纪已长，但事实并非如此。我只是在不到一天的时间里，满头黑发尽数变白。
一天，我和哥哥弟弟从我们经常去探险的岛屿返回，抓的鱼比其他人都多。突然，天空被乌云笼罩，刹那间，我们就被卷入了可怕的风暴中。一个巨浪淹没了我们的船，弟弟掉进了海里。哥哥把嘴贴近我耳边大喊：“大旋涡！”一听到这个词，我就感到恐惧万分。我非常清楚他说的那个词所代表的意义。
译文参考
在巨风猛浪的裹挟下，我们朝着旋涡的方向移动。我们绝望了。谁也救不了我们。我感到一阵恶心，仿佛梦里从山顶坠落。我们一圈又一圈地转动着，越来越靠近那个可怕的旋涡边缘。这么说可能显得奇怪，不过那个时候，当我们处在旋涡边缘时，我反而比向旋涡移动时更平静。我不禁开始思考，以这种方式死去是多么令人难以置信的事啊，能看到大自然的力量是多么美妙啊。突然，我们越过了边缘。我想，我的生命结束了。但是时间一分一秒地流逝着，我依旧安然无恙。
船只进入巨大的旋涡，我们开始高速旋转。我清楚地看到，旋涡里还有其他东西——大树和桶。过了一会儿，我对旋涡本身变得好奇起来。然后我有了三个重要发现。第一，物体越大，它们下落得就越快；第二，两个大小相等的物体，圆形物体下落得较快；第三，两个同等大小的物体，圆管形的物体下落得较慢。于是，我把自己绑在一只桶上，好让自己漂浮起来。我试图让哥哥也能明白这一点，但他实在太害怕了，坚持留在笨重的船上。没等多久，我一跃跳进海里，试图逃生。
返回
如你所见，我还能在这里讲述这个故事，就是因为我做了正确的决定。我从船上跳下之后，哥哥还在上面，过了一段时间，船被吸入旋涡底部。此后不久，旋涡变得温和了。然后天气晴朗，风平浪静，月亮也明亮起来。我人还绑在桶上，很快，海浪把我带到其他渔民所在的地方。最后，一条船上的人把我救了起来。我疲惫极了。这些渔民都是我的老朋友了，却没能认出我来。我向他们讲述自己的故事时，他们并不相信。现在，我又将这段经历告诉了你们，我并不指望你们能比那些渔民更相信我。
语基自查 固根基
Ⅰ.阅读单词——识记
1．the bottom of a whirlpool ________________
2．float on water ________________
3．a sharp descent ________________
4．tidal forces ________________
5．a horrible accident ________________
6．test tube ________________
7．tied to a barrel ________________
旋涡底部
浮在水上
急速下降
潮汐力
可怕的事故
试管
系在了桶上
Ⅱ.核心单词——练通
1．________________ 在某种程度上
2．______________________________ 两根长度相同的木头
3．________________ 现场观察
4．________________ 好奇心强的头脑
5．________________ 山边
6．_____________________ 心灵的平静
7．________________ 警方秘密档案
8．_____________________________ 海浪轻轻拍打的声音
9．_________________ 逃避现实
to some extent
two pieces of wood of equal length
field observation
curious mind
mountain edge
peace of mind and soul
secret police files
the gentle sound of waves lapping
escape from reality
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——用活
1．________ a disaster 幸存于灾难
→________ skills 生存技能
→a ___________ story幸存者的故事
2．scientific ___________ 科学观察
→________ the experiment carefully仔细观察实验
→a sharp _________敏锐的观察者
3．fight for ________争取平等
→be divided ________被平分
→ of ______ importance同等重要
survive
survival
survivor’s
observation
observe
observer
equality
equally
equal
4．a ________ child 好奇的孩子
→satisfy one’s ________ 满足好奇心
→ look at me ________好奇地看着我
5．a ________ nightmare 可怕的噩梦
→________ dirty非常脏
6．a sudden _______ 突如其来的惊吓
→a __________ child 受了惊吓的孩子
→a __________ experience一次恐怖的经历
7．the ________ of the lost city 失落之城之谜
→___________ events 神秘事件
curious
curiosity
curiously
horrible
horribly
fright
frightened
frightening
mystery
mysterious
Ⅳ.重点短语——再现
第一组 汉译英
1．________________ 被……盖满；充满着……
2．________________ 忍受，遭受；患……病；受……之苦
3．________________ 和……分享
4．________________ 发生在某人身上
5．________________ 突然，忽然
6．________________ 少于
7．________________ 朝……的方向
8．________________ 在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
be covered with
suffer from
share with
happen to sb
all at once
less than
in the direction of
on the edge of
第二组 英译汉
9．make use of ________________
10．take care of ________________
11．moment after moment ________________
12．at great speed ________________
13．become curious about... ________________
14．tie...to... _________________________
15．pick up ______________________________
使用，利用
照顾；小心
一刻又一刻
快速地
对……好奇
把……捆(系，绑到)……上
搭救，营救；搭载；学会；捡起
Ⅴ.典型句式——默背
1．That was the day when __________________________________________ [仅花费了6个小时的时间我的身心遭受重创。It takes/took(sb)some time to do sth句型].
2．__________________________ (一听到这个词。the moment引导时间状语从句) I became very frightened.
3．I felt sick，__________________________________ (仿佛我正在从山顶坠落。as if引导方式状语从句) in a dream.
it took only six hours to break my body and soul
The moment I heard the word
as if I was falling from a mountain top
4．The first，______________________________________________(物体越大，它们下落得就越快。the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..句型)...
5．_______________(如你所见。as引导非限制性定语从句)，___________ ________________________________(我还能在这里讲述这个故事的原因是。the reason why...is that...句型)I made the right decision.
the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell
As you can see
the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that
返回
语基讲练 提能力
归 纳
Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全
escape vi.&vt.逃离；逃避
escape (doing) sth 逃避(做)某事，避免(做)某事
escape from sb/sth 从……逃脱/逃走
have a narrow escape 死里逃生；九死一生
1
(1)They ________ (escape)yesterday after being trapped in the old building for hours.
(2)It is said that he __________________________ (侥幸逃脱免于一死) in the traffic accident the other day.
(3)中国元素 Tao Yuanming used his poetry __________________ (作为一种逃避的手段) from official circle.
(4)(写作佳句之场景描写)最后，我们九死一生，幸运地没有被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害到。
At last，we __________________，fortunately _______________________ by the hungry polar bear.
escaped
narrowly escaped being killed
as a means to escape
had a narrow escape
escaping from being hurt
归 纳
survive vi.&vt.活下来；幸存(survival n．幸存；遗留物，幸存物 survivor n．幸存者，生还者)
(1)survive＋(the fire/earthquake/accident...)
从(火灾/地震/事故……)中生还
survive on 靠……维持生活；靠……存活下来
(2)survive v. 继续存在；比……活(或存在)的时间长
survive from 从……中幸存/留存下来
survive sb by (＋时间段) 比某人多活……
2
(1) The movie was about a group of people and their struggle for ________ (survive) in the jungle.
(2)She is a ________ (survive) of a terrible car accident and now shares her story to inspire others.
(3) 中国元素 Traditional Chinese medicine _________________________ ______ (已经存在了数千年)and continues to be an important part of health care in China and around the world.
(4)(写作佳句之升华句)生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。
Life isn’t about _______________________；it’s about learning to dance in the rain.
survival
survivor
has survived for thousands of
how to survive the storm
years
归 纳
frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的(fright n．惊吓；害怕frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐 frightening adj.引起恐惧的，使惊恐的)
be frightened of (doing) sth 害怕(做)某事
be frightened to do sth 害怕做某事
be frightened to death 吓得要死
frighten...away/off 把……吓跑
frighten sb into/out of doing sth 把某人吓得去/不做某事
3
(1) The loud thunder made me feel __________ (frighten) into hiding under my bed.
(2)The horror movie was so ___________ (frighten) that I couldn’t sleep all night.
(3) 中国元素 Ye Gong，who was known for loving dragon images，______ ____________________________________(一看到真龙却非常害怕)in the sky，however.
(4)(写作佳句之动作、场景描写)她看到厨房里有一只老鼠，吓得半死，跳到椅子上大声呼救。
She saw a mouse in the kitchen and __________________________，jumping onto a chair and screaming for help.
frightened
frightening
was
was frightened almost to death
very frightened at the sight of real dragon
归 纳
curious adj.好奇的(curiously adv.好奇地 curiosity n．好奇心，求知欲 )
be curious to do sth (因好奇)很想做某事
be curious about sth/sb 对某事/某人感到好奇
out of curiosity 出于好奇
with curiosity 好奇地
satisfy/arouse sb's curiosity 满足/激起某人的好奇心
4
(1)Children show a lot of ________ (curious) when they watch animals in the park.
(2)The dog smelled the flowers ___________ (curious)，wondering what they smelled like.
(3)中国元素 Face-changing in Sichuan Opera _____________________ _________(引起了孩子们的好奇心)，and they gathered around the performer with their eyes wide open.
(4) (写作佳句之提出咨询)听说你们学校正在举办暑期课程，我很想知道一些相关细节。
Hearing that your school is holding summer courses，I __________________ _____________________.
curiosity
curiously
aroused the children’s
am curious to know
curiosity
some details concerned
归 纳
equal adj.相等的；相同的(equality n．相等；平等 equally adv.平等地；相等地)
equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事方面比得过/敌得过某人/某物
be equal to (doing) sth 等于；能胜任(做)某事
be without equal＝have no equal 无与伦比
5
(1)Everyone should have ________ (equal) when it comes to enjoying nature in our parks.
(2)I am sure I am ________________________(能胜任完成这个任务)because I once worked as a tour guide.
(3) He also gained an important life lesson that everyone should __________ ________ (受到平等对待)no matter how special he or she was.
(4)(写作佳句之提出建议)同样重要的是，应该告诉学生如何学会写汉字。
______________________ the students should be taught how to write Chinese characters.
equality
equal to finishing this task
be treated
Equally important is that
equally
归 纳
Ⅱ.典型句式讲透
句型公式：the＋比较级…，the＋比较级… “越……，就越……”
(教材原句)The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell...
第一，物体越大，它们下落得就越快……
“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”结构，意为“越……，就越……”。
“比较级＋and＋比较级”/“more and more...”意为“越来越……”。
“the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词”意为“两者中比较……的那一个”。
(1) 你越用功，取得的成就就越大。
____________ you work，_______________________ you will make.
(2)她等的越久，就越生气。
__________ she waited，__________________________.
(3) 这次事故之后，女孩儿变得越来越独立了。
After the incident，the girl is _________________________________.
(4)(写作佳句之提出建议)你练习说汉语越多，使用它时就会越自信。
__________________________________________________________________________________
The harder
the greater achievements
The longer
the more annoyed she became
becoming more and more independent
The more you practice speaking Chinese，the more confident you will become in using it.
返回
课时测评
Ⅰ.用所给单词的正确形式填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．The trees were ________ (wave) gently in the soft wind as we walked through the park.
2．The bird ________ (escape) from its cage and flew high into the sky.
3．The ________(survive) of many animals depends on their ability to find food.
4．Humans and nature are ________ (equal) important for the health of our planet.
5．My ___________ (observe) of the deer at the river helped me understand their habits.
waving
escaped
survival
equally
observation
6．My ________ (curious) about plants made me start a small garden in my backyard.
7．It was a ________ (horror) feeling to see the pollution affecting the river.
8．I ______________ (frighten) when I saw the lightning during the storm.
9．The leaves were ________ (float) on the surface of the pond like little boats.
10．Some people believe that trees have ______ (soul) and should be treated with respect.
curiosity
horrible
was frightened
floating
souls
Ⅱ.根据提示完成句子(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
1．徒步旅行者站在美丽山谷的边缘，被景色惊呆了。(on the edge of)
The hikers __________________________________，amazed by the scenery.
2．我们种的树越多，我们就能呼吸到越多干净的空气。(the more...，the more...)
______________________________________ we will have to breathe.
3．当我看到夕阳在山上的那一刻，我感到平静和快乐。(the moment)
_________________________________________，I felt peaceful and happy.
stood on the edge of the beautiful valley
The more trees we plant，the more clean air
The moment I saw the sunset over the mountains
4．我们需要保护树木的原因是它们给了我们呼吸的氧气。(why引导定语从句)
_______________________________________they give us oxygen to breathe.
5．我们到了必须用法律来对抗暴力的境地。(where引导定语从句)
We have reached ___________________________________________.
The reason why we need to protect trees is that
a stage where we have to answer violence with law
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·江苏南通高一上期末)
In late spring and early summer each year，tens of millions of butterflies come out of their chrysalises(蛹) in the butterfly valley in southwest China's Yunnan Province.For butterfly expert Yang Zhenwen，it is the busiest time of the year，but he greets it with great enthusiasm.
Before the break of dawn，Yang has already arrived at the observation point，busily tending to the needs of the awakening butterflies.“Due to warmer temperatures，the‘butterfly explosion’ this year occurred slightly earlier than usual，and the size of the butterflies is larger than that in previous years，” said 46-year-old Yang，curator(馆长) of the butterfly valley museum.“We expect that there will be about 80 million to 100 million butterflies in the valley during this year's‘butterfly explosion’．That seems so crazy，” said Yang.According to Yang，in the valley，more than 320 butterfly species have been identified in specimens(标本) or photographs，including the rarest，most primitive，largest and smallest butterflies in China.
Besides Yang，many local villages have also took on the role of butterfly guardians.However，the journey toward achieving human-butterfly harmony was far from easy.Some two decades ago，the villagers had little awareness of butterfly protection，believing wrongly that butterflies could endanger their food crops.They viewed them as pests that should be removed.
In 1998，Yang began his journey at the agricultural science station in Ma'an'di Township，the very place where the butterfly valley lies.“It was there that I got into a frequent dilemma—the local villagers，trying to protect their crops，would often turn to pesticides to kill the butterflies，” he said.“However，my sincere love for these creatures forced me to prevent them from harming the delicate insects.”
Now，the development of ecotourism relying on butterfly resources has successfully changed the once extremely poor township.More villagers have started reproducing butterflies.He describes the butterfly valley as a “dream-making machine”，which extends the“butterfly dream” of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了蝴蝶专家杨镇文多年来致力于保护蝴蝶，并付出艰苦努力的故事。
1．What made Yang's aim to reach human-butterfly harmony hard in the beginning？
A．Warm temperature in local villages.
B．The number and size of the butterflies.
C．Improper location of the butterfly valley.
D．Lack of awareness of butterfly protection.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Some two decades ago，the villagers had little awareness of butterfly protection，believing wrongly that butterflies could endanger their food crops.They viewed them as pests that should be removed.”可知，当地村民缺乏保护蝴蝶的意识让杨镇文想要达成人与蝴蝶和谐的目标在一开始变得困难。故选 D。
2．What does the underlined word“dilemma”in Paragraph 4 mean？
A．A choice difficult to make.
B．A fact obvious to understand.
C．A duty hard to carry out.
D．A situation easy to deal with.
√
词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“the local villagers，trying to protect their crops，would often turn to pesticides to kill the butterflies”以及“However，my sincere love for these creatures forced me to prevent them from harming the delicate insects.”可知，一方面当地村民为了保护自己的庄稼，经常使用杀虫剂来杀死蝴蝶，另一方面杨镇文对这些生物真挚的爱迫使他阻止他们伤害这些脆弱的昆虫。即他面临一个很难做出的选择。故画线词 dilemma意为“一个很难做出的选择”。故选 A。
3．Which of the following best describe Yang Zhenwen？
A．Honest and professional.
B．Humorous and creative.
C．Generous and easy-going.
D．Hard-working and strong-willed.
√
推理判断题。根据第一段中“For butterfly expert Yang Zhenwen，it is the busiest time of the year，but he greets it with great enthusiasm.”和第二段中“Before the break of dawn，Yang has already arrived at the observation point，busily tending to the needs of the awakening butterflies.”以及倒数第二段中“However，my sincere love for these creatures forced me to prevent them from harming the delicate insects.”可推知，杨镇文工作努力，意志坚强。故选 D。
4．Which can be a suitable title for the passage？
A．Changing the Poor State of a Town
B．Volunteering as a Butterfly Guardian
C．Helping Butterflies Spread Their Wings
D．Developing a Relationship with the Locals
√
标题归纳题。通读全文，并根据第一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了蝴蝶专家杨镇文多年来致力于保护蝴蝶，描述了他为蝴蝶的保护工作付出的努力。由此可知，C选项“帮助蝴蝶展翅”最适合作文章标题。故选 C。
B
(2023·四川遂宁高一期末)
Across much of Spain on Tuesday morning，a thin layer of red dust covered everything outside.This included cars，buses，trees，and plants.
As the sun rose，the dust in the air turned the skies in some cities a strange orange.The cause of the dust and unusual sky colour wasn't a forest fire，but the dust from the Sahara Desert.Every year，a large cloud of dust rises from the Sahara Desert.It's called the Saharan Air Layer.Usually，it crosses the Atlantic Ocean as part of a natural cycle(循环) that helps develop farmland in Central and South America.
But sometimes，depending on the weather，the layer of dust gets forced to the north.Large sandstorms in North Africa lift sand and dust into the air，where it gets blown towards Spain.This kind of storm isn't unknown in Spain.In fact，it has a special name—“calima”．It is so large that it can be seen from space.A NASA scientist says it's like a river of dust in the air.That river of dust has met a river of wet air driven by strong winds.People in some cities，like Málaga and Navarra，reported that it was “raining mud (泥)”．In other places，the dust changed the colour of the snow on the ground.
The dust cloud continued to spread north and west，hitting both France and the United Kingdom.The dust is expected to keep spreading，possibly as far north as Denmark.The dust cloud may make some places a little foggy and sunsets very colourful.
Some weather experts warn that climate change could make dust storms from the Sahara Desert even more intense in the future.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“撒哈拉空气层”的尘土，及其对所经之处天气的影响。
5．What can we know about the Saharan Air Layer？
A．It is farmland-friendly.
B．It does good to the desert.
C．It ends in the desert.
D．It disappears in the ocean.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “Usually，it crosses the Atlantic Ocean as part of a natural cycle(循环) that helps develop farmland in Central and South America.”可知，“撒哈拉空气层”通常有助于开发农田，即对农田有益。故选 A项。
6．What is special about “calima” in Spain？
A．It has different colours.
B．It causes heavy rains.
C．It is huge and common.
D．It is formed near rivers.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “This kind of storm isn't unknown in Spain.In fact，it has a special name—‘calima’．It is so large that it can be seen from space.”可知，西班牙的“calima”是规模巨大而且常见的。故选 C项。
7．What does the underlined word “intense” in the last paragraph mean？
A．Positive. B．Serious.
C．Dangerous. D．Different.
√
词义猜测题。根据上文内容可知，本文主要介绍了“撒哈拉空气层”对所经之处的天气的影响；根据画线词所在句中的关键词 climate change 和画线词前的 even more 并结合常识可知，此处表示气候变化会使尘暴现象更为强烈，故画线词意为“强烈的”，和 serious意思相近。故选 B 项。
8．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear？
A．Culture. B．Health.
C．Agriculture. D．Nature.
√
推理判断题。本文主要介绍了一种自然现象，即每年撒哈拉沙漠都会升起一大片被称为“撒哈拉空气层”的尘土，以及“撒哈拉空气层”对所经之处天气的影响。尤其是根据文章第二段中的 “Every year，a large cloud of dust rises from the Sahara Desert.It's called the Saharan Air Layer...develop farmland in Central and South America.”可知，这篇文章可能出现在报纸的自然版块。故选 D项。
Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·江苏扬州高一上期末)
After I had a cancer，I loved the 1 of having something new and green around.My wife，Hannah，bought me a lucky bamboo plant in a deep-green pottery bowl.We placed the plant in the living room.I 2 every time I looked at it from the sofa where I spent most of my time.
I told Hannah I wanted to 3 the plant myself.I was pleased when it didn't immediately turn yellow or brown or 4 all its leaves.
The cancer 5 my ability to walk，and the treatment left me 6 ，making it hard for me to perform everyday tasks.Since my diagnosis，it seemed that I had to depend on help from other people.The huge 7 left me feeling upset. 8 ，caring for the plant gave me a sense of 9 at a time when I sometimes felt
10 .
Before falling sick，I worked as a family doctor.I was used to being the one who 11 care，not the one who received it.Watering the plant，as small an act as it was，connected me to my old 12 and taught me I could still be a caregiver.Plants and 13 could still depend on me.
Over the next few months，I recovered from surgery and 14 work.Now I keep a few pots of lucky bamboo in my clinic.Sometimes，I will give one to my patients，telling them，“Take care of it.It 15 you！”
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者得了癌症后在照顾植物中获得了信心和成就感。
1．A．idea B．photo
C．conclusion D．story
2．A．cried B．nodded
C．smiled D．escaped
√
根据下文“having something new and green around”可知，作者喜欢周围有一些新鲜绿色的东西的想法。故选 A。
√
根据上文“We placed the plant in the living room.”和下文“every time I looked at it from the sofa”以及“caring for the plant”可知，作者看到绿色的植物会微笑。故选C。
3．A．hunt for B．wish for
C．call for D．care for
4．A．grow B．lose
C．decorate D．shake
√
根据下文“the plant myself”可知，作者是想亲自照料植物。故选 D。
√
根据上文“it didn't immediately turn yellow or brown or”可知，作者很高兴他的植物没有掉光所有叶子。故选 B。
5．A．limited B．strengthened
C．questioned D．showed
6．A．hopeful B．painless
C．weak D．energetic
√
根据上文cancer和下文“my ability to walk”可知，癌症限制了作者行走的能力。故选 A。
√
根据下文“making it hard for me to perform everyday tasks”可知，癌症的治疗使作者虚弱，很难完成日常任务。故选C。
7．A．success B．change
C．support D．failure
√
根据上文“I had to depend on help from other people”可知，作者的这种变化使作者感到不安。故选 B。
8．A．Besides B．Unfortunately
C．However D．Therefore
√
根据上文“The huge ______ left me feeling upset.”和下文“caring for the plant gave me a sense of ______”以及“Watering the plant...taught me I could still be a caregiver.”可知，上下文是转折关系，空处用“然而”。故选C。
9．A．achievement B．closeness
C．humour D．adventure
10．A．proud B．useless
C．amazed D．equal
√
根据上文“it didn't immediately turn yellow or brown or __ all its leaves”可知，作者照料植物很成功，所以这让作者有一种成就感。故选 A。
√
根据上文“I had to depend on help from other people”可知，作者要依靠别人的帮助，所以作者有时觉得自己没用。故选 B。
11．A．accepted B．approached
C．required D．provided
12．A．purpose B．personality
C．dream D．identity
√
根据上文“Before falling sick，I worked as a family doctor.”可知，作者生病前是一名医生，是给别人提供照顾的人。故选 D。
√
根据上文“I worked as a family doctor”可知，作者把给植物浇水和以前自己当医生的身份联系在一起。故选 D。
13．A．people B．memories
C．jobs D．diseases
14．A．insisted on B．gave up
C．returned to D．resulted in
√
根据上文“I could still be a caregiver”可知，作者仍然可以成为一名照顾者，植物和人都可以依靠作者。故选 A。
√
根据上文“I recovered from surgery”和下文“in my clinic”可知，作者康复后就回到了工作岗位。故选 C。
15．A．observes B．needs
C．connects D．respects
√
根据上文“Take care of it.”可知，作者送给病人植物，说植物需要那个病人。故选 B。
返回
谢 谢 观 看
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE(共67张PPT)
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
Section Ⅳ Lesson 2
内容索引
耳熟能详 练听说
1
语基讲练 提能力
2
课时测评
3
耳熟能详 练听说
Step Ⅰ Before listening
词汇热身
1．________ n．&vt. 营救；救援
2．________ n. 交通工具，车辆
3．________ vt. 困住；使陷于危险中
4．________ n．&vt. 努力，尝试，企图
5．________ vi.&vt. 打断讲话
6．________ n. 死，死亡
7．________ n. 丧失；死亡
8．________ n. 伤害，损伤，损害
rescue
vehicle
trap
attempt
interrupt
death
loss
damage
9．________ vt. 估量，衡量；测量
10．_________ n. 行动，活动；手术；操作
11．________ adv. 在海外，在外国
12．________ n. 场所，地点
13．________ n. 过程，进程
14．________ n. 较量，竞争；斗争；战斗
15．________ n. 职责，义务；责任
16．_________ n. (肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨
measure
operation
overseas
site
process
battle
duty
suffering
17．________ vt. 实施；进行；执行；
vi.&vt. 指挥
18．__________ n. 保护；防护
19．________ adv. 附近
20．________ vi.&vt. 呼吸
21．__________ 吸气
22．________ n. 灰尘；尘埃
23．________ 用完；耗尽
conduct
protection
nearby
breathe
breathe in
dust
run out
Step Ⅱ While listening
Ⅰ.听力理解
听第一段对话(5.3)，回答第1至3题。
1．What methods do rescue teams use to find survivors in earthquakes？
A．Search and rescue vehicles and trained dogs.
B．Unmanned planes and helicopters.
C．Telephone calls and online messages.
2．How long did one of Mr Wang’s recent rescue attempts last？
A．Six days. B．Twelve days. C．Twenty days.
√
√
3．What was the outcome of the Nepal earthquake rescue attempt mentioned by Mr Wang？
A．They rescued two people and provided medical help to over 2，000 people.
B．They rescued twenty people and provided medical help to 200 people.
C．They rescued fifty people and provided medical help to 500 people.
√
听第二段对话(5.4)，回答第4至6题。
4．What should a person do if he is outdoors during an earthquake according to Mr Wang？
A．Run into the nearest building.
B．Move away from any buildings or streetlights.
C．Stand near windows to get a better view.
5．What is the recommended action if you are indoors during an earthquake？
A．Break windows to create an escape route.
B．Stand near windows to signal for help.
C．Stay away from anything that can break or fall.
√
√
6．Why should a trapped person knock on a wall instead of shouting loudly？
A．It saves energy for a longer period.
B．Shouting can cause breathing in dangerous amounts of dust.
C．Knocking is louder and can be heard from farther away.
√
Ⅱ.精听训练
第一段对话(5.3)听力填空。
(P＝Presenter W＝Mr Wang)
P：Today，we’re talking about professional teams who work in natural disaster rescue.As you know，natural disasters like earthquakes，floods and landslides can cause death and other loss and damage that is 1．_______ _________. So what do professional rescue teams do when a natural disaster happens？Today，Mr Wang from China International Search and Rescue Team is here to tell us all about this.
W：Hello，everyone!
hard to
measure
P：Mr Wang，I know you have been part of many 2．________________ overseas，as well as in China，for example the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008.So what happens in your rescue attempts？
W：Well，in the rescue attempts our first and most important goal is to save lives，for example at an earthquake site.So we use search and rescue vehicles and trained dogs to look for anyone who is still alive and try our best to save them.
P：Sounds like a very 3．____________ process.How long does a rescue attempt usually take？、
rescue operations
challenging
W：To give you an example，one of my recent attempts was the Nepal earthquake.Over 4．______ members and six dogs took part，and we were there for twelve days.We rescued two people and provided medical help to over 2，000 people.
P：Twelve days！You rescued two people and helped 2，000！Hard to imagine.It must have been really tough.
W：Yes.It was a battle against time.
P：Wow，I can’t imagine 5．_________________ you are under.
W：It’s definitely hard.But it’s our duty to try our best to reduce suffering and the loss of life.We’re trained to do so.
sixty
how much pressure
第二段对话(5.4)听力填空。
(W＝Mr Wang P＝Presenter)
W：...So，we feel proud of what we do...
P：Excuse me，Mr Wang，but can I interrupt you there？You’ve told us a lot about how you 6．________ rescue attempts，but could you please tell us more about protection？For example，what should we do in an earthquake？
W：Right.If you’re outdoors，stay there and move away from any buildings or streetlights.If you’re indoors，7．______________anything that can break or fall，like windows or lamps.
conduct
stay away from
P：OK，if I’m outdoors，move away from any buildings or streetlights.If I’m indoors，stay away from anything that can break or fall.But what if I’m 8．________？Should I try to shout as loud as I can，or...
W：Sorry，but my advice is to knock on a wall to help people find you and only shout when someone is 9．________.
P：Sorry for interrupting again.But why so？
W：This is because shouting can cause you to breathe in a dangerous amount of dust.
trapped
nearby
P：I didn’t know that— great advice！We’ve all learnt a lot today.Well，I’d love to know more，but，unfortunately，we’ve 10．__________ time. So，I’m very sorry，but we’ll have to finish there.Thank you again，Mr Wang.
W：My pleasure.
run out of
Step Ⅲ Post listening
听力技法——熟悉地点与去向表达
听力中经常有关于判断地点、描述路径的语篇，做好此类题目的关键是抓取场景词汇，并熟悉相应表达。
技巧点拨
1．描述东西的位置。 描述“某物在哪里时”，地点提示词很关键，如 there they are，there it is，here it is 等，后面通常是正确的地点。
2．根据上下文理清地点副词 there 或 here 所指代的地点。如When the class is over，I need to go to the lab first，and then I'll be at the cafeteria at about twelve thirty.Let's meet there.句中的there指代at the cafeteria。
3．利用关键词推断地点。如根据see off，catch a flight等可以判断是去机场。根据deliver a package，drop a letter off可以判断是去邮局。
4．掌握问路或者引路的各种方位词。如在旁边next to，beside，close to；在对面across from，opposite；在前面in front of；在左手边on your left-hand side。
典题示例
听力原文
M：I can't find my pen anywhere.It was on the desk with my book a moment ago.
W：Look，here it is.You left it on the sofa.
听力试题
Where is the pen？
A．On the sofa. B．On the desk.
C．Beside the book.
策略应用 根据关键词here it is以及left it on the sofa可以判断钢笔在沙发上，故选A。
返回
语基讲练 提能力
归 纳
Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全
trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中
(1)be trapped in... 被困在……中
trap sb into doing sth 诱骗某人做某事
(2)trap n. (捕捉动物的)陷阱；圈套
set a trap for 为……设置陷阱/布下圈套
fall into the trap of doing sth 落入做某事的圈套
1
(1)The cat ____________ (trap) in the tree and needed help to get down.
(2)The scientist set up ______ (trap) to catch insects for his research.
(3) The hiker ________________________ (被困在暴风雪中)and had to wait for rescue.
(4) (写作佳句之神态描写)虽然这个女孩被困在废墟中，但她仍然面带微笑，安静地等待着救援。
_________________________________，the girl still wore a smile，waiting quietly to be rescued.
was trapped
traps
was trapped in a snowstorm
Though (she was) trapped in the ruins
归 纳
attempt n．&vt.努力，尝试，企图(attempted adj.未遂的)
attempt to do sth 企图做某事
make an attempt to do/at doing sth 试图做某事
in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事
at the/sb's first attempt 第一次尝试
2
(1)Last year，the team ____________ (attempt) to plant more trees in the community park.
(2)________________________(试图省钱)，she decided to give up her gym membership.
(3) Many people __________________________________________ (试图减少塑料污染)by using reusable bags.
(4)(写作佳句之动作描写)我试了不同的角度，尝试着把我的头从南瓜里拔出来。
I tried different angles，________________________________________.
attempted
In an attempt to save money
made an attempt/attempted to reduce plastic waste
attempting to pull my head out of the pumpkin
归 纳
loss n．丧失；死亡(lose vt.失去；丢失 lost adj.丢失的；迷路的)
(1)loss n. 失落；损失
at a loss 不知所措
suffer a great loss 遭受重大损失
(2)be lost in 沉浸于；迷失于
be lost in thought 陷入沉思
3
(1) Many people feel a deep _____ (lose) when they see forests being cut down.
(2)After walking through the forest，I felt _____ (lose) in the peaceful sounds of nature.
(3) 中国元素 [谚]塞翁失马，焉知非福。
______________________ a gain.
(4)(写作佳句之场景描写)当我们到达山顶时，我们对那美丽的景色不知道该如何形容。
When we reached the top of the mountain，we were _____________________ ________________________.
loss
lost
A loss may turn out to be
at a loss for words at how beautiful the view was
归 纳
damage n．伤害；损伤；损害
(1)do/cause damage to 对……造成伤害/损害
damages 损害赔偿金
(2)damage v. 破坏；损坏
4
(1) The forest _____________ (damage)by the strong winds during the storm the other day.
(2)Using plastic bags ____________ (damage) to the environment and wildlife.
(3) Many people are worried about _____________________________ (给森林造成的损失) after the storm last week.
(4)(写作佳句之提出建议)我们必须限制游客数量，这样才能保护这座古塔不受严重损坏。
We must limit the number of tourists so as to protect the ancient tower ____________________________________________.
was damaged
is damaging
the damage it caused to the forest
from serious damage/from being damaged seriously
归 纳
measure vt.估量，衡量；测量
(1)measure v 量度为
measure...by... 用……来衡量……
(2)take measures (to do sth) 采取措施(做某事)
make...to one's measure 按某人的尺寸订做(衣服等)
in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地
5
(1)Success shouldn’t ____________ (measure) only by how much money you have.
(2)The school has taken __________ (measure) to improve student safety by installing security cameras.
(3)The new bridge under construction，__________ (measure) twice as long as the old one，will be completed next month.
(4)(写作佳句之呼吁倡议)我们是时候采取一些措施去保护濒危动物了。
It is high time that we ____________________________________ endangered animals.
be measured
measures
measuring
took/should take some measures to protect
归 纳
breathe vi.&vt.呼吸(breath n．呼吸 breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的)
breathe in/out 吸气/呼气
breathe (new) life into sth (给某事物)带来起色，注入活力
take one's breath away 令人惊叹；让人叹绝
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
out of breath 气喘吁吁地，上气不接下气
6
(1) __________ (breathe) fresh air in the mountains makes me feel alive and happy.
(2)She ________ (breathe) deeply as she walked through the beautiful forest.
(3) 中国元素 The sweet smell of steaming dumplings filled the air，____________________________________________(使我的口水直流并令我惊叹不已).
(4)(写作佳句之比赛场景描写)The arrival of new talented players breathed new life _____ the football team，leading them to victory.
Breathing
breathed
making my mouth water and taking my breath away
into
归 纳
run out 用完；耗尽
run out “用完；耗尽”，为不及物动词短语，主语一般是物，后面不可接宾语，不用于被动语态。
run out of“用完；耗尽”，为及物动词短语，主语一般是人，后面可接宾语但一般不用于被动语态。
use up“用完；耗尽”，为及物动词短语，主语一般是人，后面可接宾语，可用于被动语态。
run short (of)“不足，不够”，指某物的数量或程度不够，不足以满足需求或期望。主语为人。
give out“耗尽，用完”，指某物的数量或能量被完全消耗或用尽。
7
(1)用右边短语的正确形式完成语段。
Once there was a small village，where people often worried about resources. They sometimes ____________ water，and their food supply sometimes ____________ before the next harvest.One time，they completely _________ ________ firewood during a cold winter.The villagers learned that if they ________________ everything without thinking，they’d face trouble. They understood the balance between humans and nature and worked together to protect their resources.
(2)(佳句写作之身心状态描写)由于力气快用尽了，我们觉得腿上好像灌了铅。
___________________________________，we felt as if our legs had been loaded with lead.
ran short of
gave/ran out
ran out of/
used up/ran out of
With our strength running out/giving out
used up
Ⅱ.典型句式讲透
句型公式：This/That/It is because...“这/那是因为……”
(教材原句)This is because shouting can cause you to breathe in a dangerous amount of dust.
这是因为大声呼喊会使你吸入达到危险程度的灰尘量。
归 纳
This is because...，意为“这是因为……”，because 引导表语从句，表示原因；
That/This/It's why...那/这就是……的原因(why引导的表语从句表明事情的结果)；
The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)。
(1)根据提示用右边句型的合适形式完成语段
Humans and nature are closely connected._____________________________ _________________(那就是我们需要爱护环境的原因)._________________ ________________________________ (森林对于人们来说很重要的原因是) they provide clean air.Polluted rivers can be harmful，and ______________ _______________________________ (这是因为水对于所有生物来说都很重要).Making small changes can help protect nature for everyone.
(2)(写作佳句之表示歉意)非常抱歉我本周六不能赴约，这是因为我必须去机场接我的父母。
I’m sorry that I can’t make the appointment this Saturday，and _______ __________________________________________.
That’s why we need to take care of the environment
The reason why forests are important to people is that
this is because water is essential for all living things
this is because I have to pick up my parents at the airport
返回
课时测评
Ⅰ.用所给单词的正确形式填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．The wildlife team ________ (rescue) the baby deer stuck in the muddy riverbank the other day.
2．Some people use tools ________ (trap) animals that might harm their crops.
3．The __________ (interrupt) of rain during the dry season can hurt farmers’ fields.
4．The ______ (die) of the old tree made the garden seem sad and empty.
5．The _____ (lose) of bees is a big problem because they help plants grow.
rescued
to trap
interruption
death
loss
6．The storm last week __________ (damage) many homes near the forest，affecting local families.
7．Animals in the wild are _________ (suffer) due to pollution in their habitats.
8．We need more __________ (protect) for endangered wild animals living in our forests.
9．The __________ (operate) to clean the river will help restore the natural ecosystem.
10．There are quite a few protected _____ (site)in the national park where no one can build.
damaged
suffering
protection
operation
sites
Ⅱ.根据提示完成句子(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
1．当我在森林里散步时，我喜欢呼吸新鲜空气。(breathe in)
When I walk in the forest，I love to ____________________.
2．我们应该注意节约自然资源。否则，它们总有一天会用完。(run out)
We should pay attention to saving natural resources.Otherwise，they ______ ________________.
3．在研究了污染的影响之后，科学家们不知如何解决这个问题。(loss)
After studying the effects of pollution，scientists were __________________ ____________________.
breathe in the fresh air
will
at a loss what to do
run out one day
to solve the problem
4．为了保护环境，我们应该努力多回收利用。(attempt)
We should _____________________________ to protect the environment.
5．许多人通过一个地区动物和植物的数量来衡量自然的健康。(measure... by...)
Many people _____________________________________________________ in an area.
make an attempt to recycle more
measure the health of nature by the number of animals and plants
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·广东中山高一期末)
After returning from his job as a cultural relics protection worker 10 years ago，Wang Yongxian kept his love for ancient Chinese buildings through teaching.
Now aged 73，he still teaches a course named“Protection and Restoration of Ancient Chinese Buildings” at a University in Shanxi Province.His main interest is Dougong，a building method that uses closely connected wooden pieces to form structures.The method is one of the most important features of ancient Chinese buildings.
Wang also started online classes to better explain Dougong to those who showed a strong interest in his course.Following a suggestion from his students，he became a vlogger using the account name“Dougong class”．The account is regularly updated with short video clips Wang produces himself.He is surprised that his classes are so popular on social media.The first six lectures on ancient Chinese buildings that he uploaded over a six-month period have received 1.6 million views.
To make it easier for newcomers to the subject to understand，Wang made a wooden Dougong model.Each part is marked with a number or name，and the model can be taken apart and put together，a process that Wang filmed and put online.Some viewers said that they had long been puzzled by Dougong structures，but finally understood how they work after watching the video of “Dougong grandpa”．
Wang said when he was young，the beautiful ancient structures in his hometown had ignited his interest in ancient wooden buildings and finally led him to turn his interest into a lifelong career.What makes him happy today is not only that the government set aside more money for the research and protection of cultural relics，but also that society is more aware of the importance of such work.
To his surprise，about 90 percent of his more than 100，000 viewers online are below age 30.That fact makes him more confident that as long as the story of ancient Chinese architecture is told in the right way，it can attract more people.
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了文物保护者王永先退休后通过教学保持对中国古建筑的热爱，并在网络上开设斗拱课程，让大家明白了斗拱的工作原理。
1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs？
A．Dougong is a well-protected Chinese building structure.
B．Dougong is a traditional Chinese wooden building method.
C．Dougong is a course which Wang teaches after retirement.
D．Dougong is the most important feature of ancient architecture.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“His main interest is Dougong，a building method that uses closely connected wooden pieces to form structures.”可知，斗拱是中国传统的一种木结构建筑方法。故选 B。
2．What made Wang a vlogger？
A．The advice from his students.
B．The online course he attended.
C．The popularity of social media.
D．The awareness to attract viewers.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Following a suggestion from his students，he became a vlogger using the account name‘Dougong class’．”可知，王永先是在学生的建议下成为视频博主的。故选 A。
3．What can we learn about Wang's vlog from Paragraphs 3 and 4？
A．It is updated by his students.
B．It proves to be a great success.
C．It is intended for newcomers.
D．It has puzzled some viewers.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段中“He is surprised that his classes are so popular on social media.The first six lectures on ancient Chinese buildings that he uploaded over a six-month period have received 1.6 million views.”可知，王永先的视频课程很受欢迎，获得大量点击。由此可推知，他的视频被证明是一个巨大的成功。故选 B。
4．What does the underlined word“ignited” in Paragraph 5 mean？
A．Ignored. B．Widened.
C．Started. D．Changed.
√
词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句句意可知，王永先在叙述自己如何对古代木结构建筑产生兴趣，继而从事该事业的过程。由此推知，家乡美丽的古代建筑引发了他的兴趣，画线词意思应该与 start“开启，启动”一致。故选 C。
B
(2025·浙江北斗星盟高一期中)
A Portland，Oregon man has become the first person to travel across Antarctica alone without any assistance.
Colin O'Brady has completed the 1，500-kilometre trip.He crossed the polar continent in 54 days.Friends，family and other people followed his progress through messages and pictures he left on social media.
O'Brady spoke with his wife Jenna Besaw by telephone soon after he completed the journey.“It was an emotional call，” she said.“He seemed overwhelmed by love and appreciation，and he really wanted to say ‘thank you’ to all of us.”
O'Brady recorded the trip on the social networking sites.He called his journey“The Impossible First”．He wrote that he travelled the last 129 kilometres in one big，final push to the finish line that took well over an entire day.O'Brady wrote，“While the last 32 hours were some of the most challenging hours of my life，they have quite honestly been some of the best moments I have ever experienced.”
The day before，he posted that he was “in the zone” and thought he could make it to the end in one go.“I was listening to my body and taking care of the details to keep myself safe，”he wrote.“I called home and talked to my mum，sister and wife.I promised them I would stop when I need to.”
Though other people have travelled across Antarctica，they had either assistance with more plentiful supplies or devices that helped move them forward.
In 2016，British explorer Henry Worsley died in his attempt to travel alone across Antarctica unassisted.Worsley's friend Louis Rudd，also from Britain，attempted an unaided solo journey in Worsley's honour.He was competing against O'Brady to be the first to do it.Besaw said her husband planned to stay in Antarctica until Rudd finished his trip.
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了科林·奥布雷迪穿越南极洲时遇到的困难和克服困难的过程。
5．What did O'Brady think of his journey through Antarctica？
A．It was pleasant.
B．It was discouraging.
C．It was impossible to complete.
D．It was hard to complete.
√
推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “He called his journey‘The Impossible First’．”以及“the last 32 hours were some of the most challenging hours of my life”可知，奥布雷迪称自己的南极之旅为“不可能的第一次”，并且认为南极之旅的最后32个小时是他一生中最具挑战性的一些时刻，因此他认为南极之旅很难完成。
6．What did O'Brady promise his family？
A．Making sure of his safety.
B．Trying to achieve the goal.
C．Keeping in touch with them.
D．Stopping the travel halfway.
√
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“I called home and talked to my mum，sister and wife.I promised them I would stop when I need to.”可知，奥布雷迪答应家人自己会注意安全。
7．Why does O'Brady still remain in Antarctica？
A．To wait for another explorer.
B．To compete with others.
C．To help other explorers.
D．To make his victory recognised.
√
细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，奥布雷迪仍然留在南极洲没回来是在等待另一个探险者拉德。
8．What might be a suitable title for the text？
A．The Antarctic Continent
B．Completing “The Impossible First”
C．Travelling Through Antarctica
D．An Incomplete Journey
√
标题归纳题。文章第一段点明主旨：一名男子成为第一个在没有得到任何帮助的情况下独自穿越南极洲的人；下文讲述了他穿越南极洲时遇到的困难和克服困难的过程。故B项最适合作文章标题。
Ⅳ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·山东青岛高一期中)
Thanks to Earth，we have fresh air to breathe，clean water to drink and warm sunshine to enjoy.But it seems that we may have taken these things for granted and not realised that our planet is getting“sick”.1( ) More than 15，000 researchers around the world have written a letter to warn about environmental threats.
Among those environmental challenges，global warming sits at the top.Global average temperatures have risen by more than 0.5℃ since 1992.2( ) It means that heat waves would last around a third longer and rainstorms would be about a third more intense (猛烈的) if we take no action.The increase in sea levels would also be much higher.Countries like Singapore and Japan that are at low altitudes may be covered by the ocean in the future.
3( ) It's getting harder to get fresh water.Ocean pollution has become serious.Since 1992，the human population has grown by 2 billion，while the populations of all other animals have dropped by nearly 30 percent.
Scientists say that we are experiencing the sixth mass extinction(大量灭绝) in history.More than two-thirds of the world‘s wildlife could be gone by the end of the decade if action isn’t taken soon.4( )
However，we have made some progress.That‘s because we gradually stopped using chemicals that can break down ozone，a gas that protects Earth.5( )
A．The change is a big deal.
B．Now，scientists have given us a warning.
C．But this is not the only problem people are facing.
D．We can make a bigger difference when we act right now.
E．Scientists also conclude that global warming will continue for centuries.
F．Some rare animals，like black rhinos，might just appear in pictures soon.
G．All the countries in the world should take action on behalf of future generations.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要呼吁人们重视地球环境问题，包括全球变暖、生物灭绝、水污染等。
Thanks to Earth，we have fresh air to breathe，clean water to drink and warm sunshine to enjoy.But it seems that we may have taken these things for granted and not realised that our planet is getting“sick”.____________ ______________________________ More than 15，000 researchers around the world have written a letter to warn about environmental threats.
空处前 “But it seems that we may have taken these things for granted and not realised that our planet is getting ‘sick’．”提到我们没有意识到地球正在“生病”，空处后 “More than 15，000 researchers around the world have written a letter to warn about environmental threats.”指出研究人员联名致信，就环境威胁发出警告，结合选项可知，B项(现在科学家已经向我们发出警告。)承上启下，选项中的 warning与下文的 warn 相呼应。
B．Now，scientists have given us a warning.
Among those environmental challenges，global warming sits at the top.Global average temperatures have risen by more than 0.5℃ since 1992. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ It means that heat waves would last around a third longer and rainstorms would be about a third more intense (猛烈的) if we take no action.The increase in sea levels would also be much higher.Countries like Singapore and Japan that are at low altitudes may be covered by the ocean in the future.
A．The change is a big deal.
根据空处前 “Global average temperatures have risen by more than 0.5℃since 1992.”可知，此处强调的是全球平均气温的变化。再根据下文及其中关键词 longer、 more intense、 much higher 表明的一系列严重后果可知，A 项(这种变化是一件大事。)承上启下，其中的 The change 与上文的“气温变化”相呼应，符合语境。
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ It's getting harder to get fresh water.Ocean pollution has become serious.Since 1992，the human population has grown by 2 billion，while the populations of all other animals have dropped by nearly 30 percent.
根据上文的 “Countries like Singapore and Japan that are at low altitudes may be covered by the ocean in the future.”以及空后的 “It's getting harder to get fresh water.Ocean pollution has become serious.”可知，此处讲述了人类面临的另一个环境挑战，即海洋污染变得严重，淡水越来越难以获得。空处位于段首，C项(但这并不是人们面临的唯一问题。)引出了下文内容，符合语境。
C．But this is not the only problem people are facing.
Scientists say that we are experiencing the sixth mass extinction(大量灭绝) in history.More than two-thirds of the world's wildlife could be gone by the end of the decade if action isn't taken soon. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
根据上文的 “More than two-thirds of the world's wildlife could be gone by the end of the decade if action isn't taken soon.”可知，如果不尽快采取行动，全球超过三分之二的野生动物可能会消失。F项(一些稀有动物，如黑犀牛，很快可能只会在照片中出现。)承接上文，说明黑犀牛可能会受到环境影响，即将消失，might just appear in pictures 呼应上文中的extinction 和could be gone。
F．Some rare animals，like black rhinos，might just appear in pictures soon.
However，we have made some progress.That‘s because we gradually stopped using chemicals that can break down ozone，a gas that protects Earth.＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
根据上文 “However，we have made some progress.That's because we gradually stopped using chemicals that can break down ozone，a gas that protects Earth.”可知，人类在环境保护方面已经取得了一些进展。D项(如果我们立刻采取行动，我们就能产生更大的影响。)承接上文，表明如果人类现在采取行动，就能产生更多积极的影响。
D．We can make a bigger difference when we act right now.
返回
谢 谢 观 看
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE(共63张PPT)
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
Section Ⅶ Writing Workshop
& Reading Club
内容索引
语基讲练 提能力
2
语基自查 固根基
1
模仿范文 学写作
3
课时测评
4
语基自查 固根基
Ⅰ.阅读单词——识记
1．a travel brochure __________________
2．aftershock of an earthquake __________________
旅游手册
地震后的余震
Ⅱ.核心单词——练通
1．__________________ 临时避难所
2．__________________ 一块金属
3．__________________ 去滑雪
temporary shelter
a piece of metal
go skiing
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——用活
1．________ vt.观察；注意
→observation n．观察；观察结果
→observer n．观察者；评论员；旁听者
2．________ adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
→vary vi.变化
→variety n．种类；多样化
→various adj.各种各样的，各种不同的
3．________ adj.可怕的，恐怖的
→scare vt.使惊恐，吓唬
→scared adj.恐惧的；害怕的
observe
varied
scary
4．__________ adj.无害的
→harm vt.&n.伤害，损害
→harmful adj.有害的，导致损害的
5．__________ n．独创性；创造力
→origin n．起源；源头；身世，出身
→originate vi.发源；起源，发端于 vt.发明，创立
→original adj.独创的，首创的；原来的，起初的
→originally adv.原先，最初
6．______________ n．消亡；消失
→disappear vi.消失，不见
→appear vi.出现；显得
→appearance n．出现；外貌，外观
harmless
originality
disappearance
Ⅳ.重点短语——再现
第一组 汉译英
1．________________ 是……的家园/栖息地/产地
2．________________ 原产于……
3．________________ 由……组成
第二组 英译汉
4．at one point __________________
5．as a result ________________
6．leave...alone ________________
be home to...
be native to
be made up of...
一度；在某一时刻
结果
不打扰；不碰
Ⅴ.典型句式——默背
Ⅴ.典型句式——默背
1．New Zealand is home to _________________________________________ (世界上企鹅种类最多的国家。“比较级＋than any other＋可数名词单数”表达最高级的含义).
2．In fact，it’s a common saying ___________________________________ _________________ (在新西兰一天就能体验四季。同位语从句)!
3．Generally，_________________________________________________ (你越往南走，天气就越冷。the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..).
more species of penguins than any other country
that in New Zealand，you can get four seasons in one day
that in New Zealand，you can get four seasons in one day
4．That leaves the wolves __________________(没有东西吃。with复合结构)so they start attacking the farmers’ animals.
5．If people ______________________(没有把肉拿走)，the wolves ______ _______________________________ (就不会碰农民的羊。虚拟语气).
返回
with nothing to eat
have left the farmers’ sheep alone
hadn’t taken the meat
would
语基讲练 提能力
归 纳
Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全
shelter n．避难所
(1)take shelter from... 躲避……
under the shelter of... 在……的庇护下
(2)shelter vt. 保护，掩蔽
vi. 躲避
shelter...from... 保护某人/某物以避免……
shelter from 躲避
1
(1)In a storm，many animals need _____________ (shelter) under trees or in caves.
(2)The little house _____________ (shelter) by tall mountains，which kept it safe from the wind.
(3)When the rain started，we _____________________________________(在一个大伞下避雨).
(4)(写作佳句之活动描写) 在整个活动中，我被各种各样的植物所震撼，这些植物为动物提供食物和住所。
Throughout the event，I was struck by the incredible varieties of plants that _______________________________.
to be sheltered
was sheltered
took shelter from it under a large umbrella
provide food and shelter for animals
归 纳
observe vt.观察；注意(observation n．观察；观测 observer n．观察者)
observe sb doing/do sth 注意到某人正在做某事/做了某事
It is observed that... 据观察……
2
(1)The ___________ (observe) of animals in their natural habitat is important for science.
(2)She enjoys ___________ (observe) the stars at night from her backyard.
(3)______________________ (作为一个大自然的观察者)，he takes notes on the different plants he finds.
(4)(写作佳句之引出论断)根据长期观察，成功人士花在阅读上的时间比看电视的时间多得多。
→________________________________， successful people spend much more time reading than watching TV.(observation)
→__________________________ successful people spend much more time reading than watching TV.(observe)
observation
observing
As an observer of nature
According to long-term observation
It has long been observed that
温馨提示observe后可跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但如果observe用被动，则不省略动词不定式符号to。
归 纳
scary adj.可怕的，恐怖的 (scare v．使惊恐；吓唬 n．恐慌；恐惧 scared adj.害怕的；恐惧的)
scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事
be scared of... 害怕……
be scared to do sth 害怕做某事
be scared to death 吓得要死
3
(1)Many people think that dark forests are ______ (scare) places because they are full of unknown sounds.
(2)She felt ______ (scare) when she saw the large bear in the park.
(3)He ___________________________ (他害怕一个人去远足)after hearing stories about lost hikers in the mountains.
(4)(写作佳句之告诫提醒)真正的朋友不会害怕告诉你做错了什么。
A true friend _____________________________ what you’re doing wrong.
scary
scared
was scared to go hiking alone
is not scared to tell/of telling you
Ⅱ.典型句式讲透
句型公式：with复合结构
(教材原句)That leaves the wolves with nothing to eat so they start attacking the farmers' animals.
那样做让狼没有可吃的东西了，所以它们开始袭击农民们饲养的动物。
归 纳
本句中的“with nothing to eat”是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”复合结构。
“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构在句中常作状语，可位于句首或句尾，常作时间、原因、方式、伴随状语；亦可作后置定语。
常见的with复合结构包括：
①with＋宾语＋doing (表示主动或正在进行的动作)；
②with＋宾语＋done (表示被动或已完成的动作)；
③with＋宾语＋to do (表示将来的动作，动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义)；
④with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词。
(1) ______________________(问题已经解决)，he was very happy.
(2)He is used to ____________________________(开着窗户睡觉) at night in summer.
(3) _______________________(要做的事情太多)，I won’t have time to go out tonight.
(4)(写作佳句之情绪、场景描写)当她紧张地登上舞台的时候，由于全班同学都盯着她看，她感到很尴尬。
When she got on the stage nervously，she _____________________________ __________________ .
With the problem settled
sleeping with the window open
With so many things to do
felt embarrassed with the whole
返回
class staring at her
模仿范文 学写作
How to Survive an Earthquake
If you're indoors
·Don't run，but protect yourself.Don't try to run out of the building during an earthquake.The most important thing is to protect yourself as much as you can.
·Drop，cover and hold on.DROP down onto your hands and knees.COVER your head and neck with your hands，arms or hard objects.If possible，find a strong shelter nearby [1]which will cover your whole body．HOLD ON to your shelter until the shaking stops.
原文呈现
If you're outdoors
·Move away from anything [2]that can fall．Move to open areas.Buildings，trees，streetlights and power lines can fall down during an earthquake.
·Find a shelter [3]where you can stay.If you are near objects that can fall，find a shelter to protect yourself from them.
·Wait before moving to another place.Objects may also fall after an earthquake and there are always strong aftershocks.Observe carefully before you move away.
If you're in a car
·Stop.Stop your car as soon as you can，but avoid stopping near a building or under a tree.
·Stay seated.Stay calm in your car.The car's metal body can protect you from falling objects.
·Drive carefully when the quake stops.Avoid bridges [4]that have been damaged or may be damaged by the aftershocks．
知结构
第一部分：写在室内的求生措施；
第二部分：写在室外的求生措施；
第三部分：写在车内的求生措施。
名师圈点
学语言
用词特色：
(1)本文是指导说明类文本，因此使用较多祈使句，使程序明确，指令清楚。
(2)多使用简短句子，便于理解和遵照执行。
句式特色：
[1]此处为which引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词shelter。
[2]此处为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词anything。
[3]此处为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a shelter。
[4]此处为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词bridges。
情景任务写作
假设你是校英文报记者李华。你校昨天进行了火灾逃生演练(Fire Drill)，请你以“Fire Drill Conducted at Our School”为题写一篇报道，记录本次演练的情况。词数80左右。
仿写程序步骤
一仿结构布局合理
第一段：明确介绍写作话题。
第二段：简述整个过程和重点事项。
第三段：总结或反思。
二仿语言地道流畅
(1) 昨天，我们学校成功地进行了一次消防演习，以提高学生在紧急情况下的意识和技能。
Yesterday，our school successfully conducted a fire drill to ________________________________ in emergency situations.
(2)演习于上午10点在火警声中开始。
The drill began at 10 a．m.________________ the fire alarm.
(3) 所有师生迅速、冷静地按照规定的逃生路线，有序地向安全地点转移。
All students and teachers quickly and calmly followed the required escape routes and moved to the safety spot ___________________.
raise students’ awareness and skills
with the sound of
in an orderly manner
(4) 整个过程只用了5分钟，体现了我校充分的准备工作和学生们对安全程序的理解。
The entire process ______________________，showing our school’s good preparations and the students’ understanding of safety procedures.
(5) 这次演习是一次宝贵的经验，提醒了每个人为紧急情况做好准备的重要性。
This drill was a valuable experience，and ______________________________ of being prepared for emergencies.
took only five minutes
it reminds everyone of the importance
三仿句式丰富多样
(6)用非谓语动词结构改写句(3)。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(7)用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写句(5)。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
All students and teachers quickly and calmly followed the required escape routes，moving to the safety spot in an orderly manner.
This drill was a valuable experience，which reminds everyone of the importance of being prepared for emergencies.
四仿教材连句成篇(适当增加连接词和过渡词)
Fire Drill Conducted at Our School
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yesterday，our school successfully conducted a fire drill to raise students’ awareness and skills in emergency situations.
The drill began at 10 a．m.with the sound of the fire alarm.Then all students and teachers quickly and calmly followed the required escape routes，moving to the safety spot in an orderly manner.The entire process took only five minutes，showing our school’s good preparations and the students’ understanding of safety procedures.
This drill was a valuable experience，which reminds everyone of the importance of being prepared for emergencies.
返回
课时测评
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．The new software company created a colorful _________ (小册子)to show their latest products.
2．The __________ (独创性)of the app design caught everyone’s attention at the tech fair.
3．The _____________(消失)of important files can be very frustrating for IT workers.
4．________(滑雪运动)has become very popular recently.
5．After the earthquake，the government set up temporary ________(避难所)for the displaced people.
brochure
originality
disappearance
Skiing
shelters
6．The new laptop has a thin ______ (金属)case that makes it look modern.
7．The courses offered in the information technology program are v______ and interesting.
8．It is important to o_______ how users connect with a website to improve its design.
9．Some people find robots s______ because they don’t understand how they work.
10．After the earthquake，there was an a_________ that led to more safety checks in the buildings.
metal
aried
bserve
cary
ftershock
Ⅱ.根据提示完成句子(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
1．如果可能的话，我们应该种更多的树来帮助清洁空气。(if possible)
___________________________________________________
2．我喜欢在公园里观察鸟儿的日常活动。(observe)
I like to __________________________________ in the park.
3．在暴风雨期间，躲避强风和大雨是很重要的。(shelter)
During the storm，it was important to _______________________________ _____.
If possible，we should plant more trees to help clean the air.
observe birds doing their daily activities
take shelter from the strong wind and
rain
4．这片森林占地几百英亩，为许多动物提供了家园。(cover描述面积)
The forest __________________________________，providing homes for many animals.
5．我们大量燃烧化石燃料，结果空气质量恶化。(as a result)
We burn fossil fuels heavily；__________，_________________ .
covers an area of several hundred acres
as a result
air quality worsens
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·江西南昌高一期末)
Trees in tropical(热带的) forests grow more slowly in years when the nights are warmer than average or dry-season days are unusually hot，according to a 21-year study.This suggests such forests will grow less as the world warms due to climate change—potentially taking in less carbon dioxide from the air and worsening global warming.
“For the first time，we have a window on what a whole tropical forest is doing，” says Deborah Clark at the University of Missouri-St Louis.“It is very scary.”
Tropical forests contain a large amount of carbon，because the trees take in CO2 from the air and use it to grow.Droughts，which are becoming more serious due to climate change，may harm the forests and release some of the stored carbon.
For over two decades，Deborah and her husband David Clark，also at the University of Missouri-St Louis，lived at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica.From 1997 to 2018，they took detailed measurements of the surrounding tropical forest，tracking the wood production as well as the amount of litter that fell from the trees.
The pair，with Steven Oberbauer at Florida International University，discovered that wood production fell in years with warmer nights—something studies had already suggested before.The team also found that the trees produced less wood in years when temperatures in the dry season rose more than 28℃.While this hadn't been shown before，Deborah says it was expected because photosynthesis(光合作用) slows above this temperature.
The study adds to growing proof of climate effects on tropical forests，says Iain Hartley at the University of Exeter in the UK.“It looks like，as you warm the climate，you put pressure on the plants，leading to reduced productivity.Along with droughts，tropical forests may have less ability to help us in the fight against climate change in the future.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些关于气候变化对热带森林的影响的研究。
1．What causes the forests to grow less according to Paragraph 1？
A．Warmer temperature.
B．More carbon dioxide.
C．Less daylight.
D．Worse air condition.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中“This suggests such forests will grow less as the world warms due to climate change”可知，温度升高导致森林树木减少。故选 A。
2．How did Deborah and her husband conduct the study？
A．By gathering wood.
B．By taking samples.
C．By collecting data.
D．By tracking former studies.
√
推理判断题。根据第四段中“From 1997 to 2018，they took detailed measurements...the amount of litter that fell from the trees.”可知，二人详细测量周围热带森林的规模、木材产量以及落叶量，即通过收集数据来进行这项研究。故选 C。
3．What do we know about the study？
A．The trees took in more CO2 in the drought season.
B．The wood production decreased in the warmer days.
C．Droughts help increase the carbon storage.
D．Tropical forests grow faster at warmer nights.
√
细节理解题。根据第五段中“The pair...discovered that wood production fell in years with warmer nights...produced less wood in years when temperatures in the dry season rose more than 28℃.”可知，在温暖的日子里，木材产量减少了。故选 B。
4．What does Hartley think of warmer climate's effects on tropical forests？
A．Helpful. B．Negative.
C．Unclear. D．Necessary.
√
观点态度题。根据最后一段中“It looks like，as you warm the climate，you put pressure on the plants...tropical forests may have less ability to help us in the fight against climate change in the future.”可知，Hartley认为气候变暖对热带森林的影响是消极的。故选B。
B
(2024·河北沧州高一期末)
A powerful earthquake hit Morocco on Friday night.The earthquake struck around 11 pm on Friday night.The USGS (US Geological Survey) says that the earthquake had a magnitude of about 6.8.But Morocco's earthquake center recorded the earthquake as being almost twice that strong.
The quake was one of the most powerful ever recorded in Morocco.It's also the country's deadliest earthquake in over 60 years.So far，the earthquake is reported to have killed over 2，680 people.It has injured over 2，500 others.The earthquake was extremely dangerous because it happened at night.Marrakesh is a big city that's popular with tourists.Many of its modern buildings seem to have survived the earthquake.But the old part of the city，called the Medina，was hit hard.The Medina has buildings that are over 1，000 years old.
Outside of Marrakesh，the earthquake caused even more damage.In the Atlas Mountains，the earthquake's center，there are many small villages.Some villages were nearly destroyed.Many of the people in the area live in simple houses made of mud bricks.This is a traditional way of building in Morocco.But it's not strong enough to protect against earthquakes.Many of these houses collapsed．Some of the bricks turned to sand.
Rescue workers have been working hard to save those affected by the quake.In larger cities，rescue efforts seem to be going well.
But it has taken a lot longer for help to reach far areas in the mountains.Many of these villages are difficult to get to.The earthquake caused landslides，blocking roads and making these places even more difficult to reach.In some areas，phone and electrical service were also knocked out，leaving these places completely cut off.That means that the local people in some areas far away have had to deal with the situation on their own.
But more help is coming.Some countries have offered teams of experts；others have offered emergency supplies.
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了在摩洛哥发生的一场强震以及救援情况。
5．Why was the earthquake in Morocco especially dangerous according to the text？
A．It was the strongest on record.
B．There were too many tourists there.
C．The buildings there were all too old.
D．It happened when people were asleep.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The earthquake was extremely dangerous because it happened at night.”可知，地震极其危险是因为它发生在晚上，这是人们睡觉的时间。故选 D。
6．What does the underlined word“collapsed”in Paragraph 3 mean？
A．Looked beautiful. B．Fell down.
C．Lasted long. D．Stood still.
√
词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词前“But it's not strong enough to protect against earthquakes.”和画线词后“Some of the bricks turned to sand.”可知，画线词所在句子应该意为“许多这样的房屋都倒塌了”。故画线词与 B 项“倒塌”意思一致，故选 B。
7．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about？
A．Causes of the earthquake.
B．Terrible sights after the earthquake.
C．Difficulties met in rescuing.
D．Survivors' efforts to rebuild the city.
√
段落大意题。根据第五段内容“But it has taken a lot longer for help to reach far areas in the mountains.Many of these villages are difficult to get to...”可知，本段介绍了救援遇到的困难。故选 C。
8．Which part of a website can the text appear？
A．Culture. B．News.
C．Environment. D．Tourism.
√
推理判断题。根据第一段内容并通读全文可知，本文是新闻报道，报道了摩洛哥发生了强烈地震，因此本文应出现在网站的新闻部分，故选 B。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·湖北武汉段测)
In 2020，California experienced its 1．________(bad) fire season on record.While Prisha Shroff was driving with her family from Los Angeles to their home，she watched the flames(火焰) through the car window.
“After I witnessed this fire，I arrived back at home only to hear about the Australian and Amazon wildfires and how the same effects of the Los Angeles fire were happening on a bigger scale(规模).It 2．________(real) proved to me that this is a global problem and there is a need for a solution 3．____________ can prevent these wildfires，” she says.
worst
really
which/ that
Shroff started researching 4．__________ (solution) but learnt that most wildfire fighting measures focus 5．__________ spotting and putting out wildfires instead of prevention.6．________ (inspire)，Shroff created a system designed to prevent wildfires，which earned her the Lemelson Award for Invention in the Broadcom MASTERS，a science 7．___________ (compete) for middle school students.
Her artificial intelligence-based system 8．________ (predict) areas that are vulnerable(易受攻击的) to wildfires based on real-time data such as temperature and wind.If an area is high-risk，the system can give 9．__ signal to fire agencies.In the future，she'll work on 10．__________ (improve) her AI model by adding millions of wildfire data points.
solutions
on/ upon
Inspired
competition
predicts
a
improving
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了普里沙·什罗夫目睹洛杉矶严重的火灾后，创建了一个基于人工智能的系统来预防野火的故事。
1．答案：worst
2．答案：really
设空处作状语，修饰动词 proved，应用副词。故填 really。
根据 on record 可知，此处表示“有史以来最严重的火灾季”，表示最高级含义，故设空处应用形容词的最高级。故填 worst。
3．答案：which/ that
分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰 solution，先行词指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用 which 或 that 引导。故填which/that。
4．答案：solutions
5．答案：on/ upon
focus on/ upon 为固定搭配，意为“集中于；聚焦于”。故填 on/ upon。
solution在此意为“解决方法”，为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且其前无限定词修饰，结合语境可知，此处表示不止一个解决办法，故用复数形式。故填 solutions。
6．答案：Inspired
主句中已有谓语 created，设空处与其之间无连词连接，故应用非谓语形式作状语，inspire与 Shroff之间为逻辑上的被动关系，表示“受到启发”，应用动词-ed形式。故填 Inspired。
7．答案：competition
分析句子成分可知，a science ______(compete) for middle school students 作 the Broadcom MASTERS 的同位语，且设空处被不定冠词a 修饰，应用名词单数形式，science为名词作定语，此处表示“科学竞赛”，故填 competition。
8．答案：predicts
9．答案：a
10．答案：improving
设空处修饰单数可数名词 signal，结合句意可知，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，signal的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
此处为主句谓语动词，根据从句中的 are可知，该主句时态为一般现在时；主句主语为 system，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填 predicts。
设空处作介词 on的宾语，应用动词-ing形式。故填 improving。
返回
谢 谢 观 看
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE(共96张PPT)
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
Section Ⅴ Lesson 3
内容索引
语基讲练 提能力
4
语篇研读 细梳理
1
语篇助解 释疑难
2
语基自查 固根基
3
课时测评
5
语篇研读 细梳理
Step One：Pre-reading
Look at the pictures.Have a discussion
over what difficulties explorers may
face on the way to Antarctica.
_______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Traveling to Antarctica is a big
adventure.The journey is full of challenges.The freezing cold makes it hard for people to move.Strong winds push against them，making it tough to pull the sledges.Sometimes，the sledges broke down，causing delays.In the darkness，it’s easy to get lost.The extreme snow conditions also lead to diseases as the body suffers.Many explorers had difficulty walking on icy surfaces.
Step Two：While-reading
√
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
What is the main theme of the passage？
A．The importance of preparation in polar exploration.
B．The race to the South Pole between Scott and Amundsen.
C．The harsh conditions of Antarctica.
D．The bravery and sacrifice of the explorers.
Ⅱ.Match the main ideas for each part
A．Both teams made preparations at food bases.
D．The race to the South Pole began.
E．Amundsen reached the South Pole earlier than Scott.
B．Amundsen set off first and made rapid progress while Scott had great trouble.
C．Scott and his men were regarded as heroes for their courage.
F．Return journey was worse for Scott and disasters struck his team.
Ⅲ.Read for details
1．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us？
A．The preparation for the journey during the polar summer.
B．The race to the South Pole and the different methods used by both teams.
C．The return journey of Amundsen's team.
D．The difficulties Scott faced on his way to the Pole.
√
2．Based on the passage，which of the following can be inferred about Amundsen's team？
A．They had a difficult time on their return journey.
B．They were well-prepared and had a successful expedition.
C．They collected rock samples on their way back.
D．They faced the same equipment problems as Scott's team.
√
3．What can be inferred about the significance of the rocks collected by Scott's team？
A．They were used to build shelters during the journey.
B．They were of no scientific value.
C．They were heavy and slowed the team down.
D．They provided evidence of Antarctica's past environment.
√
4．What did Scott write in his diary upon reaching the Pole？
A．He was happy to have reached the Pole.
B．He was shocked to see the Norwegian flag.
C．He was confident about the return journey.
D．He was disappointed with the race results.
√
Ⅰ.难句解构
1．While he was on the way to Antarctica，he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south，too.
分析 这是一个主从复合句，句子主干为____________________。While引导时间状语从句，which引导定语从句，修饰a message。
翻译 __________________________________________________________ ____________________
Step Three：Post-reading
he received a message
在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的消
息，说他也要去南极。
2．...We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death，but though we tried to dissuade him，we knew it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman.
分析 这是一个but连接的并列复合句，前后分句的主干分别为_________________________。that引导宾语从句。在but后的分句中，though引导让步状语从句。
翻译 __________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
We knew that...；we knew...
……我们都知道，可怜的奥茨正走向死亡，尽管我们也曾试图劝阻他，但我们都明白，这是一个勇敢的人和一个英国绅士的行为。
3．The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.
分析 这是一个主从复合句，句子主干为__________________________ ______。who引导非限制性定语从句。
翻译 ___________________________________________
The next to go was Captain
下一个去世的是奥茨船长，他走路都很困难。
Oates
Ⅱ.佳句仿写
1．教材佳句 The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration.( one of＋复数名词或最高级结构)
学后仿写 高中最受欢迎的科目之一是数学，因为许多学生觉得它既具有挑战性又有回报。
___________________________ in high school is math because many students find it challenging yet rewarding.
One of the most popular subjects
2．教材佳句 ...Captain Scott left a record，for honesty，for sincerity，for bravery，for everything that makes a man.(人物描写)
学后仿写 我觉得在建立朋友之间的信任这一方面，诚实、真诚和勇敢至关重要。
I think it is honesty，_________________________________________ in building trust between friends.
sincerity and bravery that are of great importance
Ⅲ.课文开发(黑体部分和填空内容均为课表词汇或课文重要表达)
The journey to the South Pole was a great exploration that 1．________ ________________ (需要很多准备工作).Two teams were in the race to the pole，each with the ambition to be the first.The teams set up 2．_________ ___________________________(他们储存补给的基地).However，one team 3．_______________(食物耗尽)and they grew more and more anxious，fearing what might happen next.As they continued their distant journey，the weather became worse，and their two sledges broke down.But despite the challenges，the team remained cheerful and 4．_____________________ ____________________(表现出极大的勇气、真诚和诚实) in their efforts.
required
a base
ran out of food
showed great bravery，sincerity，and honesty
much preparation
where they stored supplies
Finally both teams arrived at the pole.Unfortunately，however，one team had serious difficulty on their way back.They camped in a small tent each night，hoping for better conditions.It was their leader’s strong will and determination that kept them going.They wanted to prove that their spirit 5．____________ __________(像冰一样坚硬) they walked on.Although the team members failed to return to their food bases，but their great courage shown in the journey made them heroes.
was as solid
返回
as the ice
语篇助解 释疑难
①captain/'k pt n/n.上校；队长；组长
②on the way to...在去……的途中
原文呈现
名师圈点
RACE TO THE POLE
On 1 June，1910，Captain① Robert Falcon Scott left London to begin his journey to Antarctica. While he was on the way to② Antarctica，he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south，too.Then the race to the South Pole began!
③polar /'p l / adj.极地
的，地极的
④food bases食品储备处base/be s/n.基地，大本
营；基础 vt.以……为基地
⑤in preparation for为……做准备
⑥wait anxiously for 焦急地等待
anxiously/' k sli/adv.焦虑地；不安地
原文呈现
名师圈点
During the polar③ summer of 1910－1911，both teams organised food bases④ in preparation for⑤ their journeys the next year.Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. [1] Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for⑥ spring.
[1]本句为副词Then置于句首引起的完全倒装句。正常语序为“The total darkness of the polar winter came then”。
⑦ski/ski /n.滑雪板vi.滑雪skiing n．滑雪运动
⑧make rapid progress 取得迅速的进展
⑨break down停止运转，出故障
原文呈现
名师圈点
Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September，1911 . [2]He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges [3] and all his men were on skis⑦.Because of this，he made rapid progress⑧. Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems.First，his two sledges broke down⑨ and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.After a while，Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves.
[2]本句包含“the＋序数词＋动词不定式”结构，to leave作后置定语，修饰数词the first。
[3]画线部分是“have...doing sth”结构。意为“使……一直做某事”。
⑩prepare for the return journey准备返程
ahead of 早于……
原文呈现
名师圈点
Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December，1911 and put a Norwegian flag there.Then he prepared for the return journey⑩.Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base on 25 January，1912，ten days ahead of their planned schedule.
ambition/ m'b n/n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿
原文呈现
名师圈点
Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four team members on 17 January，1912.They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag.Scott wrote in his diary：
“Well，we have turned our back now on the goal of our ambition and must face our 800 miles of solid dragging — and good-bye to most of the daydreams [4].”
[4]画线部分中dragging指的是上文提到的“push the sledges themselves”，此处用solid dragging表示返程的艰难。
in the history of...在……的历史上
tired adj.疲倦的，疲劳的，困倦的
weather conditions天气情况condition n．(尤指对人产生影响的某一特定时间的)天气情况
原文呈现
名师圈点
The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration.The men were soon very tired and were running out of food.The weather conditions were terrible.Scott started to realise their hopeless situation：
cheerful/'t f l/adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的
原文呈现
名师圈点
“...we are unendingly cheerful ，but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess. [5]Pulling on foot gear in the morning is getting slower and slower...”[6]
[5]句中what引导的宾语从句作guess的宾语。正常语序应该为“I can only guess what each man feels in his heart”。
[6]本句中动词-ing形式短语Pulling on foot gear 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
all the way 一路上，自始至终
prove/pru v/vt.证明；证实
at one time曾经有一个时期，一度
at a time每次
in the distant past很久以前，遥远的过去
distant/'d st nt/adj.久远的；遥远的
continent/'k nt n nt/n.洲，大
洲；大陆
原文呈现
名师圈点
However，on their way back they found time to look for rocks.They carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way with them.Later，these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past ，the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困难
have difficulty with...在……方面有困难
原文呈现
名师圈点
Then disaster came.Edgar Evans had a terrible disease and died after a bad fall.The next to go [7] was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking .Scott recorded his death：
[7]动词不定式to go作后置定语，修饰The next。这里的The next to go意为“下一个去世的人”。
meet the end 达到终点
原文呈现
名师圈点
“He said，‘ I am just going outside and may be some time.’ [8]...We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death，but though we tried to dissuade him，we knew it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman. We all hope to meet the end with a similar spirit，and assuredly the end is not far. [9]”
[8]这句话是奥茨和队友的告别。面对死亡，他只是说“我只是出去走走，可能要待上一会儿”。这说明了他的勇敢。
[9]这句话表达了人们对奥茨选择的死亡方式的认可，也预示着死亡正在逼近每个人。
carry on继续移动
tent/tent/n.帐篷
put up/take down a tent搭/ 拆帐篷
price在此意为“代
价”
原文呈现
名师圈点
Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases. But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent .Scott spent some of his last hours writing.He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife Kathleen：
“What lots and lots I could tell you of this journey...What tales you would have for the boys.But what a price to pay [10].”
[10]画线部分what a price to pay表达了Scott 的伤感和无奈之情。
honesty/' n sti/n.
坦诚；诚实，正直
honest adj.坦诚的；诚实的，正直的
sincerity/s n'ser ti/
n.真诚，真挚，诚实
sincere adj.真诚的，诚挚的；诚实的
bravery /'bre v ri/
n.勇气；勇敢的行为
原文呈现
名师圈点
Scott's diary also told the story of their end：
“...we are getting weaker，of course，and the end cannot be far.It seems a pity，but I do not think I can write more . ”[11]
The news of Scott's death shocked the world.Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying “Captain Scott left a record，for honesty ，for sincerity ，for bravery ，for everything that makes a man”．Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole，but the great courage shown by Scott and his men [12]made them heroes.
[11]这句话预示了Scott和他的队友们最后死亡的结局。
[12]画线部分是动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语the great courage。
冲向极点竞赛
1910年6月1日，罗伯特·福尔肯·斯科特上校离开了伦敦，开始他的南极之旅。在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的消息，说他也要去南极。于是，一场南极探险比赛开始了！
在1910－1911年的极地夏季期间，两支队伍都为来年的探险建了食品储备处。之后，完全漆黑的极地冬天来临了，斯科特和阿蒙森都在焦急地等待春天的到来。
1911年9月8日，阿蒙森率先出发。他让几队狗一直拉着雪橇，他和所有人都坐滑雪板前行。因此，他进展很快。11月1日，斯科特出发，不久就遇到了麻烦。先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。没过多久，斯科特和他的队员不得不自己推着雪橇前行。
译文参考
1911年12月14日，阿蒙森到达南极，在那里插上了挪威的国旗，然后他准备返回。1912年1月25日，阿蒙森和他的队伍安全返回了出发基地，比他们的原计划提前了10天。
1912年1月17日，斯科特和四名队员最终抵达南极。他们看到挪威的国旗时，深感震惊。斯科特在他的日记中写道：
“好吧，我们现在已经失去了雄伟的目标，而且还得面对800英里的艰苦路途——并且要跟我们大多数人的白日梦告别。”
此次返程堪称探险史上最艰难的返程之一。队员们很快就精疲力竭，食物也快吃完了。天气情况也很恶劣。斯科特开始意识到他们所处的绝望的处境：
“……我们(看上去)都很高兴，但每个人心里是什么感受我却只能猜测。大家早上鞋袜穿得越来越慢了……”
然而，返程途中，他们还花时间找岩石，一路带着20公斤的岩石行进。后来，通过这些石块可以证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。
之后，灾难来袭。埃德加·埃文斯得了重病，在一次重重地跌倒后去世了。下一个去世的是奥茨船长，他走路都很困难。斯科特记录了他的死亡：
“他说，‘我只是出去(走走)，可能要待上一会儿。’……我们都知道，可怜的奥茨正走向死亡，尽管我们也曾试图劝阻他，但我们都明白，这是一个勇敢的人和一个英国绅士的行为。我们都希望能以同样的精神挺到最后，我们也确实快走到最后了。”
斯科特上校和两名队员继续向前，到达距离食品储备处不足11英里的地方。但是，接着一场可怕的暴风雪袭来，他们完全不能离开帐篷。在他生命的最后几个小时，斯科特花时间写下一些文字。他给妻子凯瑟琳写了一封充满悲伤的信：
“我有好多好多关于这次旅行的事情要告诉你……你将会有多棒的故事可以讲给儿子听。但这付出了多大的代价啊。”
斯科特的日记也讲述了他们的结局：
“……我们越来越虚弱，当然，死亡不会远了。很遗憾，但我想我无法继续写下去了。”
斯科特去世的消息震惊了全世界。甚至阿蒙森也为斯科特的离世而打动，他说：“斯科特上校将永载史册，因为他诚实、真诚、勇敢，并拥有一个男人该有的一切。”斯科特没能赢得南极探险的比赛，但斯科特和他的队员们表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为了英雄。
返回
语基自查 固根基
Ⅰ.阅读单词——识记
1．a brave explorer ________________
2．sledge races ________________
3．a pair of skis ________________
4．the captain of a ship ________________
5．the polar regions ________________
6．the seven continents ________________
7．dissuade someone from doing something ________________
8．a tent pole ________________
9．a letter of sincerity ________________
勇敢的探险家
雪橇比赛
一副滑雪板
船长
极区
七大洲
劝阻某人做某事
帐篷杆
充满真诚的信件
Ⅱ.核心单词——练通
1．__________________ 诚实的价值
2．__________________ 心情愉快
3．________________ 太空探索
4．________________ 硬物
5．________________ 有抱负
6．________________ 焦急地等待
7．__________________ 行动基地
8．________________ 为……做准备
the value of honesty
in a cheerful mood
space exploration
a solid object
to have ambition
to wait anxiously
a base of operations
in preparation for
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——用活
1．act with ________ 以诚实行事
→an ________ answer 诚实的答案
2．________ soldiers 勇敢的士兵
→outstanding ________ 杰出的勇气
3．________ gratitude 诚挚的感谢
→show ________ 显示诚意
→_________ thank you 真诚地感谢你
honesty
honest
brave
bravery
sincere
sincerity
sincerely
4．________ true 基本上正确
→________ on facts 基于事实
→________ skills 基本技能
→scientific ________ 科学基础
5．set __________ goals 设定雄心勃勃的目标
→lifelong ________ 终生的抱负
6．water ________ 防水
→________ useful 证明有用
7．________ future 遥远的未来
→bridge the ________ 消除隔阂
8．________ up 振作起来
→feel ________ 感到高兴
basically
based
basic
bases
ambitious
ambition
proof
prove
distant
distance
cheer
cheerful
Ⅳ.重点短语——再现
第一组 汉译英
1．________________ 在去……的路上
2．__________________ 为……做准备
3．________________ 停止运转，出故障
4．____________________ 在……方面有困难
第二组 英译汉
5．ahead of... ____________________________________
6．all the way __________________
7．at one time ______________________
8．carry on ________________
on the way to
in preparation for...
break down
have difficulties with...
(时间、空间)在……前面；早于；领先
一路上，自始至终
曾经有一个时期，一度
继续；继续移动
Ⅴ.典型句式——默背
1．Pulling on foot gear in the morning is ________________________(变得越来越慢了。比较级＋and＋比较级)...
2．Amundsen was ________________ (率先出发。the＋序数词＋动词不定式) on 8 September，1911.
3．He ________________________________ (让那几队狗一直拉着雪橇。have sb/sth doing sth) and all his men were on skis.
getting slower and slower
the first to leave
had teams of dogs pulling the sledges
返回
语基讲练 提能力
Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全
preparation n．预备，准备(prepare v．使做好准备；把……预备好prepared adj.准备好的)
in preparation (for...) 在准备(……)中
make preparations for... 为……做准备
prepare to do sth 准备做某事
prepare sb for sth 使某人为某事做准备
get/be prepared for/to do sth 为某事做好准备；准备做某事
归 纳
1
(1)She felt __________ (prepare) to hike in the mountains after checking the weather and packing her supplies.
(2)They are working hard in ____________ (prepare) for the environmental conference at the end of the month.
(3)中国元素 Before the Chinese New Year，families __________________ _______________________________(忙着为这个重大庆祝做准备)，including cleaning the house，decorating with red lanterns，and preparing traditional dishes.
(4)(写作佳句之节日庆祝)为了庆祝端午节，我们做了充分的准备，举办了各种各样的活动来纪念屈原。
In order to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival，we ______________________ ______________________ in memory of Qu Yuan.
prepared
preparation
are busy making preparations for the great celebration
have made full preparations and held various activities
归 纳
base n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地(basis n．基础；基准 basic adj.基本的；基础的)
base...on/upon... 把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础；依据……
on the basis of... 根据……；在……的基础上
2
(1) Many environmental policies are ________ (base) on scientific research.
(2)Understanding ________ (base) plants and animals can help us protect nature.
(3)中国元素 Traditional Chinese medicine ___________________ (建立在这种理念之上)in balancing the body’s energy，or qi，to promote health.
(4)(写作佳句之提出建议)根据对各种学习方式的调查，在线学习汉语对外国学习者来说确实是一种很好的方式。
______________________________________，learning Chinese online is really a great way for foreign learners.
based
basic
is based on the belief
Based on a survey of various learning styles
归 纳
break down 停止运转，出故障
break up 打碎；散开，解散；结束；(关系等)破裂
break away(from sb/sth) 摆脱；(从……中)脱离
break into 破门而入；强行闯入；突然开始(＋名词)
break out (战争、火灾等不愉快事件)爆发；
突然开始(＋doing)
break down 精神或情绪崩溃；失控痛哭
3
(1)用break词组的合适形式完成下面语段
One day，a storm ___________ while Steve was hiking in the mountains.To find shelter，he had to ___________ an abandoned wooden house.Actually，Steve loved his city life but wished sometimes he could ___________ from it and connect more with nature.After the storm，the clouds _________ and a beautiful rainbow appeared.Unfortunately，however，he found his car ___________ and wouldn’t work no matter how hard he tried.
(2)(写作佳句之情绪描写)她再也忍不住她的眼泪，在她的朋友面前崩溃了。
She couldn’t hold back her tears any longer，__________________________ ________ .
broke out
break into
break away
broke up
broke down
breaking down in front of her
friends
归 纳
ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿(ambitious adj.有抱负的，有野心的，雄心勃勃的)
be full of ambition 雄心勃勃
achieve/realize one's ambition 实现某人的夙愿/抱负；如愿以偿
an ambition to do sth/of doing sth 做某事的追求/理想/抱负
be ambitious for/to do sth 一心想做某事
4
(1)Many people are __________ (ambition) to create a cleaner environment for future generations.
(2)_____________________________(他当老师的理想抱负) is likely to be realized in the near future.
(3) After years of hard work，she finally _____________________________ __________________________ (实现了她要成为一个成功律师的梦想).
(4)(写作佳句之沟通交流)当我跟老师说我的理想是当一个作家时，老师满意地点点头，鼓励我为梦想奋斗。
When I told my teacher that ______________________________，the teacher nodded with satisfaction and encouraged me to ____________________.
ambitious
His ambition to work as a teacher
achieved/realized her ambition of becoming a successful lawyer
my ambition was to be a writer
fight for my ambition
归 纳
prove vt.证明；证实 (proof n．证据)
prove sth to sb 向某人证明某事
prove (to sb) that... (向某人)证明……
prove sb/sth/oneself (to be)＋名词/形容词 证明某人/某事/自己是……
It is proved that... 据证明……
prove to be... 证明是/结果是……
there is (no) proof that... (没)有证据表明……
5
(1)Many studies are designed ________ (prove) that spending time in nature makes us happier.
(2)________ (prove) that animals feel emotions is important for understanding their needs.
(3) The new park designs _________________(证明是有用的)for the birds and butterflies in the city.
(4) (写作佳句之环保话题)事实证明，他们所采取的保护野生动植物的措施是有效的。
________________________ the measures they took to protect wildlife are effective.
温馨提示 本条用法中prove为连系动词，不用于被动语态，后常接形容词、名词作表语。
to prove
Proving
prove to be helpful
It has been/is proved that
归 纳
distant adj.久远的；遥远的[distance n．距离；间距；(空间的)遥远]
be distant from 离……远；与……相去甚远
within walking distance 在步行可及的距离之内
in the distance 在远处
at a distance (of) 在……远的地方；距离稍远
keep sb at a distance 与某人保持一定距离
6
(1)She walked a long ________ (distant) to reach the river and enjoy its peaceful sound.
(2)It seems that the school life in senior high is __________________________ ____________(跟他的初中生活相去甚远).
(3)She watched her son ______________________ (消失在远处)，with tears in her eyes.
(4)(写作佳句之环境描写)群山与山谷相距甚远，使它们显得更加美丽。
The mountains __________________________，making them seem even more beautiful.
distance
distant from that of his junior
disappear in the distance
looked distant from the valley
high school
Ⅱ.典型句式讲透
句型公式：完全倒装
(教材原句)Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
之后，完全漆黑的极地冬天来了。
1
归 纳
本句为完全倒装句，副词Then置于句首。正常语序为：The total darkness of the polar winter came then.
当here，there，now，then，in，out，up，down，off，away等表示地点、时间和方位的副词置于句首，谓语动词是be，come，go，lie，stand等，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装结构(即谓语移至主语之前)。其中谓语多用一般现在时或者一般过去时。
介词短语作地点状语或者表语置于句首时，也要用完全倒装结构。
需要注意，若主语是代词，句子不适用倒装结构。
(1)__________________________(有一大片稻田)in front of our village.
(2)________________________(这里有一些建议)that I think will be helpful to you.
(3)中国元素 When we Chinese need help in a foreign land，_____________ ________________________(在我们身后站着我们强大的祖国).
(4)(写作佳句之城市介绍)这就是我们这座充满活力的城市，只要您方便，随时欢迎来参观。
____________________，which you are welcome to visit whenever at your convenience.
There lies a large field of rice
Here are some suggestions
at our back
Such is our lively city
stands a strong motherland
句型公式：have＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(教材原句)He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他让几队狗一直拉着雪橇，他和所有人都坐滑雪板前行。
2
归 纳
had teams of dogs pulling the sledges是“have＋宾语＋动词-ing形式(短语)”构成的have复合结构，意为“让/使/某人/某物一直做某事”。该结构若用于否定句中时，意为“不允许某人做某事”。
have sb do sth让某人做某事，have后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，类似用法的动词还有：feel，hear，listen to，make，let，see，watch，notice，observe，look at，help(可以加to，也可以不加to)。
have sth done 表示“让(别人或专业人士)做某事；使某事被做；主语遭受到(不幸的事情)”，宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系，也可以说get sth done。
(1)He was very funny and ________________________(使我们一路上都在笑).
(2)He is going to _____________________________(把那颗坏牙齿拔掉).
(3)Don’t you like to _____________________ (有人告诉你)if the pants look good or not？
(4)(写作佳句之人物描写) 在她的教练彼得的帮助下，她脑海里一直有一个伟大的想法。
With the help of her coach Peter，she ________________________________.
had us laughing all the way
have/get the bad tooth pulled out
have somebody tell you
had a great thought running in her mind
返回
课时测评
Ⅰ.用所给单词的正确形式填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．The ____________ (prepare) for the software launch took a lot of time and effort from the team.
2．This app is ________ (base) on user-friendly designs to make it easy for everyone to use.
3．She waited __________ (anxious) for her computer to be fixed before her online exam started.
4．The web ________ (explore) allows users to find new websites and information easily.
5．He is __________ (ambition) about becoming a software developer and learning new coding languages.
preparation
based
anxiously
explorer
ambitious
6．The ________ (solid) of the new database system ensures that data will not be lost.
7．The ________ (cheer) desktop wallpaper made John feel happy while he worked.
8．There are many ________ (distance) servers connected to the cloud that store our data.
9．________ (honest) is important when writing code，as it helps prevent security issues.
10．It takes ________ (brave) to try new technology even if you are unsure how to use it.
solidity
cheerful
distant
Honesty
bravery
Ⅱ.根据提示完成句子(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
1．当树叶从树上落下时，它们分解并成为土壤的一部分。(break down)
When the leaves fell from the trees，they ______________________________ _____.
2．我们镇上的新公园被证明是全家享受大自然的好地方。(prove)
The new park in our town __________________________________________ ______.
3．有些人很难理解保护环境的重要性。(have difficulty in)
Some people _____________________________________________________ ____________.
broke down and became part of the soil
proved to be a great place for families to enjoy nature
have difficulty in understanding the importance of protecting the environment
4．大雨过后，灿烂的阳光让花儿绽放。(完全倒装句)
After the heavy rain，__________________________ that made the flowers bloom.
5．我们需要为今年春天在我们社区植树做准备。(preparation)
We need to ________________________________________________ this spring.
then came the bright sunshine
make preparations for planting trees in our neighborhood
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·广东东莞高一期末)
Rainwater in cities causes more troubles than wet feet.It carries away waste from rooftops and streets as it washes through cities.European scientists are now trying to work out how to deal with flooding rainwater.
In the city of Wetteren，Belgium，researchers are experimenting with seashells(贝壳).Millions of shells from the nearby North Sea are used to collect and treat rainwater from a shopping mall roof and a parking lot.The shells are laid below a surface drain(下水道) through which dirty water is carried away.With a 70% empty space that allows them to store rainwater，they're also a natural cleaning station，which is then used to water community gardens.
The experiment is part of a project called StopUP whose goal is to prevent rainwater from carrying pollutants(污染物) into lakes and rivers.The project's focus is to make sure that such wastewater，which can include everything from plastics to heavy metals，gets treated.
Thomas Jeffery，head of the College of Environmental Engineering in Germany，said a big knowledge gap can exist between the popular perception of rainwater and its true content.“Rainwater seems to be very clean，but when it washes the streets and roofs，it becomes full of dust and other harmful pollutants，” said Thomas.
In Europe，38% of surface waterbodies have different forms of pollutants，which run deep in the ground and damage soils，plants and animals，according to Julie Rosalie，director of the European Environment Agency.Human health depends on clean water for drinking，bathing and cooking，and now we are at risk because plants and animals are affected by chemicals in rivers，lakes and coastal waters.
“StopUP technologies and methods could provide tools to reduce rainwater pollution，” Rosalie said.“It has a positive effect on the quality of our common environment.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了欧洲科学家通过贝壳来清理被污染的雨水的事情。
1．What are the seashells in the experiment used for？
A．Clearing the polluted rainwater.
B．Repairing a shopping mall.
C．Making gardens more attractive.
D．Carrying away waste in cities.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The shells are laid below a surface drain(下水道) through which dirty water is carried away...they're also a natural cleaning station”可知，实验中的贝壳被用来清理被污染的雨水。故选 A。
2．What does the project of StopUP aim to do？
A．Promote the use of seashells.
B．Reuse plastics and heavy metals.
C．Experiment ways to treat rainwater.
D．Encourage people to stop water pollution.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，StopUP 项目旨在试验处理雨水的方法。故选 C。
3．What does the underlined word“perception” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？
A．Understanding. B．Custom.
C．Style. D．Tendency.
√
词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“a big knowledge gap”以及下文“Rainwater seems to be very clean...it becomes full of dust and other harmful pollutants”可知，人们对雨水的普遍理解与其真实所含物之间可能存在很大的知识鸿沟。故画线词的意思是“认识，理解”，与A项意思相近，故选 A。
4．What can we know according to Julie Rosalie？
A．More tools are needed to reduce water pollution.
B．StopUP helps to improve the environmental quality.
C．38% of surface water in Europe is free from pollutants.
D．Human beings are in danger because of a lack of water.
√
细节理解题。根据最后一段中 Rosalie说的“StopUP technologies and methods could provide tools to reduce rainwater pollution”和“It has a positive effect on the quality of our common environment.”可知，StopUP 有助于改善环境质量。故选 B。
B
(2024·湖北十堰高一期末)
Not all birds sing，but those that do—some several thousand species—do it a lot.
Iris Adam，a scientist at the University of Southern Denmark，says birds have “a drive to sing”．This means hours every day for some species，and that takes a lot of energy.However，singing can be dangerous.“As soon as you sing，you show yourself，for example，where you are and that you even exist—all of that immediately is out in the open for predators(捕食性动物)，for everybody，” she says.
In a new study published in the journal Nature Communications，Adam and her colleagues offer a new explanation for why birds take that risk and whether the muscles that produce birdsong require daily exercise.Adam designed an experiment on zebra finches—little Australian songbirds.Her experiment included keeping male birds in the dark to sever the connection between their brains and their singing muscles，which prevented them from singing.
After a week，the birds' singing muscles lost half of their strength.Three weeks later，they were back to the same level when they were baby birds and never had sung before.When Adam played one of the male's songs for a group of female birds，six out of nine preferred the song that came from a male who had been using his singing muscles daily.
Adam's conclusion is that songbirds need to exercise their singing muscles to produce top-performance songs.If they don't sing，they lose performance，and their songs get less attractive to females，which is bad.
“What they stress is that you need a lot of practice to improve what you're doing，” says Ana Amador，a scientist at the University of Buenos Aires.It's a good rule to live by，whether you're a bird or a human—practice makes perfect，at least when it comes to singing one's heart out.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家艾瑞斯·亚当对于鸟为什么总是鸣唱的研究。
5．Why can singing be dangerous for birds？
A．It can drive predators to sing.
B．It can destroy their areas.
C．It can attract predators.
D．It does damage to their muscles.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘As soon as you sing，you show yourself，for example，where you are and that you even exist—all of that immediately is out in the open for predators(捕食性动物)，for everybody，’ she says.”可知，歌唱对鸟类来说是危险的，因为它会吸引捕食者。故选C。
6．What does the underlined word“sever” probably mean in Paragraph 3？
A．Remember. B．End.
C．Risk. D．Keep.
√
词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“the connection between their brains and their singing muscles，which prevented them from singing”可知，她的实验包括把雄鸟关在黑暗中，中断它们大脑和唱歌肌肉之间的联系，这阻止了它们唱歌。故画线词的意思可能是“结束，终止”，与B项意思相近。故选 B。
7．What do we know about Adam's experiment？
A．It mainly focused on male birds and juveniles.
B．It aimed to protect zebra finches from possible risks.
C．It strengthened birds' singing muscles in four weeks.
D．It proved exercising singing muscles matters to birds.
√
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Adam's conclusion is that songbirds need to exercise their singing muscles to produce top-performance songs.”可知，亚当的实验证明锻炼歌唱肌肉对鸟类很重要。故选 D。
8．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text？
A．Iris Adam's Work Is a Big Success
B．Singing Can Be Dangerous for Birds
C．Birds Sing to Keep Muscles in Shape
D．Birds and Human Beings Need Practice
√
标题归纳题。根据倒数第二段中“Adam's conclusion is that songbirds need to exercise their singing muscles to produce top-performance songs.”并结合文章主要介绍了科学家艾瑞斯·亚当对于鸟为什么总是鸣唱的研究可知，C选项“鸟唱歌是为了保持歌唱肌肉的良好状态”最适合作本文的标题。故选C。
Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2023·福建厦门高一期末)
I wanted to travel to the Caribbean but couldn't afford it.By chance，a friend 1 “pet sitting”，a service to help look after pets when owners were away from homes.I quickly began 2 opportunities on a pet sitting website.There were only a couple of pet sitting jobs available，but I tried my luck，sent an 3 ，waited a few days and 4 landed a three-month job in a beautiful house.
A month into my pet sitting，I had explored the 5 pretty well.Impressed by such a beautiful island，I decided to start a travel blog to share the beautiful beaches. 6 ，for every photo of a beautiful beach there were 10 photos of rubbish.It was 7 for me to ignore the plastic pollution 8 ．So I began to share photos of the rubbish I 9 and how much I could 10 on my daily dog walks.The blog was used to raise 11 and highlight plastic-free travel.
I changed my way of living and even my 12 to accommodate to more organic foods without plastic packaging.It's been over three years now and I
13 to do what I can.
This journey has led me to some amazing but 14 places，and I have even organised some countrywide beach clean-up activities.My 15 now is to keep on going.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者发现一个美丽小岛被塑料所污染，就把看到的垃圾拍下来分享到博客上，希望唤起人们的环保意识，之后作者一直致力于环境保护工作。
1．A．mentioned B．offered
C．doubted D．requested
√
根据前文“I wanted to travel to the Caribbean but couldn't afford it.”和后文“I quickly began ______ opportunities on a pet sitting website.”可知，作者想去加勒比海旅游，但负担不起，所以一个朋友向作者提到宠物看护。故选 A 项。
2．A．turning down B．giving up
C．jumping at D．searching for
√
根据后文 “There were only a couple of pet sitting jobs available，but I tried my luck” 可知，作者是在宠物看护网站上寻找机会。search for意为“寻找”，符合语境。故选 D 项。
3．A．application B．apology
C．order D．invitation
4．A．fortunately B．generally
C．obviously D．casually
√
根据前文 “There were only a couple of pet sitting jobs available，but I tried my luck” 可知，作者尝试碰碰运气，所以是发送了申请。故选 A 项。
√
根据后文 “landed a three-month job in a beautiful house” 可知，作者成功获得了一份宠物看护的工作，所以是幸运的。故选 A 项。
5．A．website B．destination
C．custom D．market
√
根据后文 “Impressed by such a beautiful island，I decided to start a travel blog to share the beautiful beaches.”可知，美丽的岛屿给作者留下了深刻的印象，所以是作者很好地探索了目的地。故选B项。
6．A．Therefore B．However
C．Otherwise D．Instead
√
根据空前的 “I decided to start a travel blog to share the beautiful beaches” 和后文中的 “for every photo of a beautiful beach there were 10 photos of rubbish”可知，作者决定开通博客分享美丽的沙滩，但却看到沙滩上有很多垃圾，前后两句间语义转折，应用 however，故选 B 项。
7．A．dangerous B．possible
C．hard D．normal
8．A．control B．type
C．process D．issue
√
根据后文 “So I began to share photos of the rubbish” 可知，作者开始分享垃圾的照片，再结合选项可知，此处应是作者很难忽视塑料污染。故选 C项。
√
根据空前的 “plastic pollution”并结合语境可知，此处应表示塑料污染是个问题。故选 D项。
9．A．saw B．threw
C．produced D．buried
10．A．pay for B．take out
C．pick up D．cut down
√
根据后文 “The blog was used to raise ______ and highlight plastic-free travel.”可知，作者开通这个博客是用来提高环保意识的，所以此处指作者分享看到的垃圾的照片。故选 A 项。
√
根据 “on my daily dog walks” 可知，此处指作者每天遛狗时能捡到多少垃圾。pick up意为“捡起”，符合语境。故选C 项。
11．A．questions B．standards
C．money D．awareness
√
根据空后的并列连词 and 和 “highlight plastic-free travel” 可知，and前后内容并列，结合语境可知，此处指这个博客被用来提高人们的环保意识。故选 D 项。
12．A．necessities B．diets
C．impression D．workout
√
根据后文 “accommodate to more organic foods without plastic packaging” 可知，为了适应更多没有塑料包装的有机食品，作者改变了饮食习惯。故选B项。
13．A．forget B．compete
C．agree D．continue
√
根据后文 “This journey has led me to some amazing but ______ places，and I have even organised some countrywide beach clean-up activities.”可知，作者依旧为了环保在努力，所以是作者继续做自己能做的。故选D项。
14．A．poor B．polluted
C．noisy D．crowded
15．A．limit B．advice
C．goal D．answer
√
根据后文“I have even organised some countrywide beach clean-up activities”可知，作者一直致力于治理污染，所以去的都是有污染的地方。故选 B 项。
√
根据后文中的 “to keep on going” 并结合选项可知，此处应是指作者的目标是继续前进，致力于环保工作。故选 C项。
返回
谢 谢 观 看
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE(共60张PPT)
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
单元目标速览
单元话题导入
Section Ⅰ Topic Talk
内容索引
耳熟能详 练听说
1
语基讲练 提能力
2
课时测评
3
耳熟能详 练听说
Step Ⅰ Before listening
词汇热身
1．________ n. 灾难；灾祸
2．________ n. 洪水，水灾
3．________ n. 旱灾，干旱
4．________ n. 爆发
5．________ n. 野生动植物，野生生物
6．_________ n. 评论；意见
7．________ adj. 拥挤的；挤满人的
disaster
flood
drought
eruption
wildlife
comment
crowded
8．_________ n. 风景，景色
9．________ adj. 活的，活着的
10．________ n. 野草；海藻
11．________ n. 昆虫
12．________ n. 土壤
13．________ n. 气候
14．________ n. 生态；生态学
15．________ n. (热带)丛林
insect
soil
climate
ecology
jungle
landscape
living
weed
16．________ vt. 使震惊；使难以置信
17．________ n. 讲座，讲课；演讲
18．________ vt. 过度使用；滥用
19．________ n. 百万
20．__________ n. 温室，暖房
21．________________________ 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管
22．________ n. 题目，标题
shock
lecture
overuse
million
greenhouse
turn one’s back (on sb/sh)
title
Step Ⅱ While listening
Ⅰ.听力理解
听第一段对话(5.1)，回答第1至3题。
1．What percentage of London is covered with water or green space？
A．16%. B．30%. C．66%.
2．How many kinds of birds can be seen in London？
A．Over 120. B．Over 200. C．Over 350.
√
√
3．What has improved about River Thames compared to fifty years ago？
A．The number of fish species.
B．The water pollution levels.
C．The climate around the river.
√
听第二段对话(5.2)，回答第4至5题。
4．What was the boy’s reaction to the lecture？
A．He found it boring.
B．He was shocked by it.
C．He thought it was too long.
5．What is the main message of the lecture according to the conversation？
A．Humans should defeat nature.
B．Humans should use nature as much as they could.
C．Humans should live with nature and protect it.
√
√
Ⅱ.精听训练
第一段对话(5.1)听力填空。
(P＝Presenter S＝Sarah Hughes)
P：And you are now on Radio Richmond.We’ve got Sarah Hughes from West London Wildlife.Sarah，do you teach people about nature in this part of London？
S：Yes，we’re lucky.Actually，the whole city is quite green.About 66 percent of the city is covered with water or green space.Amazing，isn’t it？And there are three million 1．______________．
P：Three million？Wow!
private gardens
S：Yes.It’s great for wildlife.You can see different kinds of birds—there are over 350.And there are other interesting animals too，like deer.My favourite animals are deer.We’ve got them here in Richmond Park.
P：Talking about nature，what about River Thames？
S：Well，there’s less water pollution now than fifty years ago.In fact，there are about 2．______ different kinds of fish in the river.
P：And climate change？
S：I think our climate is definitely 3．__________．And the greenhouse effect is quite obvious.For example，the winters aren’t 4．________ these days and we don’t get snow very often.
120
changing
as cold
P：And other environmental problems？
S：The biggest environmental problems are air pollution and 5．______________ from cars and airplanes.Nearly 6．__________ a year in London suffer from dangerous levels of pollution.That’s very worrying.
P：OK，thanks a lot，Sarah，for sharing with us.
noise pollution
forty days
第二段对话(5.2)听力填空。
(B＝Boy G＝Girl)
B：Wow.The lecture was so shocking.I didn’t know we were 7．________ nature so much.
G：Me neither.We tried to make use of nature as much as we could，but we 8．________ it.Nature got hurt，felt pain，and finally 9．______________ on us.
B：Yes.Nature is our home.Humans，animals，plants and all other living things live in it.We should take care of our “home”．
G：Just like the title of the lecture— Living with Nature— we should 10．_______ nature.
B：I agree.In the future，we should...
harming
overdid
turned its back
protect
Step Ⅲ Post listening
Step Ⅲ Post listening
听力技法——推断背景或者双方关系等
技巧点拨
1．通过场景词汇来推断谈话的地点及谈话者关系或者推断身份职业等。
2．根据各种称呼语、关键词，并结合生活场景来判断谈话双方的关系，如 our kids，darling 等。
(1)机场场景词：airline航空公司；non-stop flight直飞航班；connecting flight中转航班；first/business/economy class一等/商务/经济舱；departure time/date起飞时间/日期；passport护照；boarding pass/card登机牌；carry-on bag随身行李
(2)图书馆场景词：check out(从图书馆等)借出；librarian图书管理员；library card借书卡；library account图书馆账号；reference books参考书；工具书；pay a fine交罚金；not for lending不外借
(3)酒店场景词：book a room/make a reservation预订房间；reception desk/front desk接待处/前台；single room/double room单人间/双人间；single bed/double bed单人床/双人床；check in登记入住；check out退房；room key/key card客房钥匙/房卡；room number房间号；wake-up call叫醒服务
(4)医院、诊所场景词：flu流感；cold感冒；have a fever/a temperature发烧；cough咳嗽；runny nose流鼻涕；headache头痛；stomachache胃痛；weak虚弱的；feel sick感到恶心；feel dizzy感到头晕； examine检查；check-up/health check体检；take one’s temperature量体温；blood pressure血压；doctor/physician医生；operation手术；surgery外科手术；emergency room急诊室；visiting hours探视时间
(5)购物场所词汇：size尺码；style款式；model型号；on sale廉价出售；bargain减价品；discount折扣；sell out卖完；try on试穿；match匹配；fit合身；changing room/fitting room试衣间；place an order下订单；cashier收银员；counter柜台；return退还；change找零
(6)办公室常用词汇：boss老板；department部门；position职位；marketing 营销；leave/off work下班；attend a meeting参加会议；meet the customers见客户；discuss business matters讨论业务问题
(7)交通工具常用词汇：flight航班；take off 起飞；seat belt安全带；next stop下一站；get off 下车；rush hour交通高峰期；traffic light交通信号灯；crossing十字路口；gas station加油站；pull over向路边停靠
(8)家庭常用词汇：do the cleaning打扫卫生；in the kitchen在厨房里；hand me the salt and plate递给我盐和盘子；dinner is ready晚饭好了；stay in bed待在床上
(9)在街上：Excuse me.How can I get to the....？打扰一下。我怎么能到……？Excuse me.Is there a...？打扰一下。这里有……吗？The building is on the other side.大楼在(路的)另一边。cross the road横穿马路
(10)在售票厅：When is the next train to...？下一趟到……的列车是几点的？One ticket，please.我买一张票。
典题示例
听力原文
M：You have to go now，Judy，or you’ll miss your flight.It’s an hour’s drive to the airport.
W：I’m leaving.Don’t forget to water my flowers.Just a minute，where’s my ticket，Dad？
听力试题
Where are the speakers？
A．At home.
B．At the office.
C．At the airport.
策略应用 本题解题的关键是场景词汇 I’m leaving....water my flowers，Dad等，由此判断出说话人是在家里，故选A。airport，ticket则是作为干扰项的场景词，故不可仅仅根据airport就选C。
返回
语基讲练 提能力
归 纳
Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全
flood n．洪水，水灾
(1)a flood of 一大批的，大量的
in flood 在泛滥
(2)flood v. 淹没；大量涌入；充满
flood in 涌进(不及物动词短语)
flood into 涌进……(及物动词短语)
be flooded with 充满……
1
(1)The heavy rain caused the streets ____________ (flood)，making it difficult to drive.
(2)The company received ___________________ (大量投诉)after the product recall.
(3)Last month tourists ________________________(涌入这个小镇)，eager to experience the local culture and traditions.
(4)(写作佳句之心理描写)我一看到照片，甜蜜的回忆立马就涌了进来。
______________________________________ as soon as I saw the photos.
to be flooded
a flood of complaints
flooded into the small town
The sweet memories immediately flooded in
归 纳
comment n．评论，意见
(1)make a comment/comments on/about... 对……作出评论
No comment. 无可奉告。
(2)comment v. 评论，发表意见
comment on/upon... 对……评论
2
(1) I enjoy ____________ (comment) on my friends’ photos because it makes them feel good.
(2)We often ______________________________________(在小组讨论中发表评论) to help each other understand better.
(3) (写作佳句之活动介绍)许多人评论说，这次越野赛事对于增强同学们的体质及塑造性格都有很大意义。
Many people ________________________________ the cross-country event was of great significance for the students to build their body and their character.
commenting
make comments during our group discussion
commented that/made comments that
归 纳
crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的(crowd n．人群；观众；一伙人；一帮人vt.挤满；塞满)
be crowded with... 挤满……
crowd into 挤进，涌入……
a crowd of/crowds of 一群，一堆，许多
the crowd(s) 人群，观众，群众
3
(1)The park was full of ________ (crowd) during the summer picnic.
(2)As soon as the doors opened，people began to _________________(涌入火车)，eager to find a seat.
(3)中国元素 The Great Wall of China is a popular tourist destination，and during peak season，it can _______________________________________ (挤满来自世界各地的游客).
(4)(写作佳句之场景描写)公园里有一群孩子在嬉戏打闹，享受着晴朗的天气。
There was ______________________________________________，enjoying the sunny weather.
crowds
crowd into the train
be crowded with visitors from around the world
a crowd of children playing and laughing in the park
归 纳
shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信(shocked adj.震惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的)
in shock 震惊地；吃惊地
to one's shock 令某人震惊的是
be shocked at/by... 对……感到震惊
be shocked to see/hear/find... 震惊地看见/听到/发现……
4
(1)根据提示用shock的变化形式或者词组完成语段。
When a storm hit the town，everyone was _______________(感到震惊).People were ___________(震惊于)how quickly it happened.The power of nature was __________ 令人震惊的)，even to those who loved studying natural disasters. Many ________ ____________________________(震惊地看到)trees fallen and roads blocked.
(2)中国元素 As I stepped into the ancient Forbidden City for the first time，________________________________(它宏伟的建筑让我震撼不已).
(3)(写作佳句之神情、动作描写)我震惊地望着她，等待她告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。
I ____________________，waiting for her to tell me that it had all been my misunderstanding.
shocked/in shock
shocked at
shocking
were
its magnificent buildings shocked me
looked at her in shock
返回
shocked to find/found in shock
课时测评
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．During a d_______，it is important to use technology wisely to save water.
2．I attended a l_______ on information safety and learned about the latest threats.
3．The sudden e________ of the computer virus caused a lot of problems for the users.
4．A data d_______ can happen if you do not back up your files regularly.
5．Understanding c_______ data can help scientists predict global changes.
rought
ecture
ruption
isaster
limate
6．I saw many interesting i_______ in the garden today.
7．The l_________ was beautiful with mountains and trees.
8．The software allows us to explore a virtual ________ (丛林)filled with different challenges.
9．Please leave a __________(评论) if you find any errors in the passages you reviewed.
10．________ (生态学)is important because it helps us understand how living things connect with each other and their environment.
nsects
andscape
jungle
comment
Ecology
Ⅱ.根据提示完成句子(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
1．许多人在公园里扔垃圾时选择背弃环境。(turn one’s back)
Many people ______________________________________ when they throw trash in parks.
2．看到如此多的塑料最终进入我们美丽的河流，我感到震惊。(shock)
__________________ so much plastic ended up in our beautiful rivers.
3．她尽力种尽可能多的树来保护环境。(as...as sb can/could)
She tried to _________________________________________________.
choose to turn their backs on the environment
I was shocked to see
plant as many trees as she could to protect the environment
4．老师想对我们日常生活中循环利用的重要性发表评论。(comment)
The teacher wanted to ____________________________________ recycling in our daily lives.
5．办公室里充满了各种好想法，使其成为一个充满魅力的创意中心。(flood)
The office ________________________________，making it a lovely center of creativity.
make a comment upon the importance of
was flooded with various great ideas
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·江苏镇江高一期末)
The world's longest cave system is in the state of Kentucky.Mammoth Cave National Park keeps this special and historical natural wonder.There may be another 600 miles of cave passageways that have yet to be explored.In addition，more than 200 caves that are disconnected from the larger system can be found in the park.
The underground caves were created naturally by the process of limestone erosion(石灰岩侵蚀).Rain and rivers slowly dissolve(溶解) and shape soft limestone.The system is still being shaped today.Not only are they an amazing destination to visit，but the system also provides drinking water for about 40% of the US population.
The caves' first explorers were Native Americans，who mined(采矿) the upper levels of Mammoth Cave.Later，the sites were left in great shape and began to draw public interest.
Mammoth Cave was made into a national park thanks to strong local support.Back in the 1920s，the Southern Appalachian National Park Commission was set up in 1925 to survey park sites，including the caves. After years of work getting the land for the park，as well as building roads and public equipment，the park was completed on July 1，1941.
The park now receives around 2 million visitors a year，with about a quarter taking a tour of the caves—everything from a cultural tour to the more adventurous tours on offer.The cave supports more than 130 wildlife species.The park is also much more than just a cave；the forest around has one of the most diverse habitats(栖息地) in the country.There are miles of trails open for horseback riding，with canoe trails and great fishing spots.There are also more than 1，300 flowering species in the forest，and animals like wood warblers，thrushes，and bald eagles can regularly be spotted.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于美国肯塔基州猛犸洞穴国家公园里世界上最长的洞穴系统。
1．What can we learn about Mammoth Cave from the first two paragraphs？
A．It was made by ancient people.
B．It has the length of 600 miles.
C．It is made up of 200 connected caves.
D．It has a large underground system.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “The world's longest cave system is in the state of Kentucky.Mammoth Cave National Park keeps this special and historical natural wonder.”和第二段中的 “The underground caves were created naturally by the process of limestone erosion(石灰岩侵蚀).”可知，猛犸洞穴有一个庞大的地下系统。故选D项。
2．How did the caves form？
A．Explorers mined the upper levels.
B．The government searched for drinkable water.
C．Water dissolved limestone.
D．People built roads and public facilities.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “The underground caves were created naturally by the process of limestone erosion(石灰岩侵蚀).Rain and rivers slowly dissolve(溶解) and shape soft limestone.The system is still being shaped today.”可知，水溶解了石灰岩，形成了洞穴。故选C项。
3．What can we learn from the last paragraph？
A．More than 1，300 flowers grow in the caves.
B．The park offers visitors diverse experiences.
C．Most visitors come to the park just for caves.
D．Two million people have visited the park till now.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “everything from a cultural tour to the more adventurous tours on offer”以及 “There are miles of trails open for horseback riding，with canoe trails and great fishing spots.”可知，猛犸洞穴国家公园不仅有各类洞穴游览活动，还提供骑马、独木舟、钓鱼等游乐项目，由此可推知，该公园能为游客提供多样化的体验。故选 B项。
4．What is the best title for the text？
A．Planning Cave Tours Around the World
B．Exploring the World's Longest Cave System
C．Learning About the Explorers of Mammoth Cave
D．Predicting the Future of Mammoth Cave National Park
√
标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了猛犸洞穴国家公园的主体猛犸洞穴的形成过程，以及政府为开发这个国家公园作出的努力，还有它的特色和历史意义，B项(探索世界上最长的洞穴系统)是本文的最佳标题。故选B项。
B
(2024·甘肃庆阳高一期末)
Rivers are very important.Humans rely on them for food and water.But rivers can destroy things，too.They can flood，or rise over their banks，making the water run into the nearby land.Floods can also kill humans and wildlife.However，floods are not always bad.Some ecosystems need them every once in a while.
Flooding can not only kill animals but also destroy their living places.For example，a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned rhinos(独角犀牛).Flood waters can pick up dirt from riverbanks，which makes the water dirty.Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams，preventing the river from flowing.Sometimes flood waters can carry pollution to the sea and harm ocean life.In addition，flood waters can carry disease，including hepatitis A and cholera.
However，not everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems.Flood waters carry nutrients (营养物) to the nearby land. Over time，the water dries up and leaves behind pieces of dirt and mud.These pieces are called sediment(沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and helps plants grow.Floods are important to some animals as well.For instance，some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or move away.Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat.Moreover，in dry seasons，water might dry up，but floods help refill the wetlands，keeping the ecosystem going.
Floods are a part of nature.They can destroy living things and the environment.But some ecosystems need floods to survive.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作为大自然的一部分，洪水对于生态系统既有好处也有坏处。
5．What's the possible meaning of the underlined word“clog” in Paragraph 2？
A．Block. B．Pollute.
C．Become. D．Develop.
√
词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“preventing the river from flowing”可知，河水停止流动是因为有太多泥土堵塞河道。由此可推知，此处的 clog 的意思应该是“堵塞”，与A项意思相近。故选 A。
6．How do floods help ecosystems？
A．Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
B．Floods make all the animals migrate more easily.
C．Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
D．Floods can clean the dirt and help plants grow.
√
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Flood waters carry nutrients(营养物) to the nearby land.Over time，the water dries up and leaves behind pieces of dirt and mud.These pieces are called sediment(沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and helps plants grow.”可知，洪水所携带的营养物质可以使土壤更肥沃，从而更好地帮助生态系统。故选 C。
7．What's the main idea of Paragraph 3？
A．The way in which floods feed animals.
B．The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C．An effective means of improving soil.
D．The reason for people's hating floods.
√
段落大意题。根据文章第三段中“Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems.”和“Floods are important to some animals as well.”以及“Moreover，in dry seasons，water might dry up，but floods help refill the wetlands，keeping the ecosystem going.”可知，文章第三段主要讲的是洪水对于生态系统的好处。故选 B。
8．What's the best title for this article？
A．The Good Effects of Flooding
B．The Secret of Flooding
C．Floods—a Part of Nature
D．Floods—Everything Is So Bad
√
标题归纳题。通读全文，文章首段总起全文，说明了洪水的坏处和好处，第二段主要讲洪水对于生态系统的不利的方面，第三段主要讲洪水对于生态系统的益处，最后一段总结全文，点明主题——洪水是大自然的一部分。所以C项“洪水是大自然的一部分”是本文的最佳标题。故选C。
Ⅳ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2024·山西晋中高一期末)
Is it bad to work out in cold weather？ 1( ) With winter now，here is what the doctors and personal trainers want you to know about exercising in cold weather.
Burn extra calories.
In cold climates，your body needs to perform extra heat to keep your body warm.Brown fat is the type of body fat that helps control body temperature.When you're outside in the cold，brown fat burns calories in order to increase body temperature.2( )
Help increase willpower.
Working out in the heat can cause you to become tired more easily，since it increases sweating and your heart rate more rapidly.3( ) It may mean you can build willpower(毅力) more easily.
4( )
Exercising outside during the winter is thought to be one useful way to avoid a type of disorder or depression that tends to affect people during the dark winter months.Sunlight and exercise both have a positive impact on your mental(精神的) condition.They help give out more“feel good” chemicals，including serotonin and endorphins.
Help you sleep better.
The combination of sunlight exposure(暴露) during the daytime，fresh air and physical activity can help you relax and sleep well at night.5( ) It is also called your “inside clock” which makes you feel sleepy enough at night and awake enough in the morning.
Exercising in cold weather isn't for everyone，though.If you have any health problems，it is advisable to talk with your health care provider first.
A．Support heart health.
B．Improve your mental health.
C．It can make you take regular exercise.
D．In this process it can likely help you to lose weight.
E．Sunlight is important for controlling your sleep-wake cycle.
F．As long as you take preventive measures，it is actually pretty beneficial.
G．On the other hand，exercising in the cold can allow you to work out longer.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在寒冷天气里锻炼的好处。
Is it bad to work out in cold weather？_____________________________ ___________________________________ With winter now，here is what the doctors and personal trainers want you to know about exercising in cold weather
根据上文“Is it bad to work out in cold weather？”提出是否在寒冷天气里锻炼不好的疑问，及下文描述的冬天锻炼的好处可知，F项“只要你采取预防措施，它实际上是相当有益的。”承上启下，符合语境，选项中的 it指代上文中的 to work out in cold weather。故选 F。
F．As long as you take preventive measures，it is actually pretty beneficial.
Burn extra calories.
In cold climates，your body needs to perform extra heat to keep your body warm.Brown fat is the type of body fat that helps control body temperature.When you're outside in the cold，brown fat burns calories in order to increase body temperature. _______________________________________ ____________
根据上文“When you're outside in the cold，brown fat burns calories in order to increase body temperature.”可知，D项“在这个过程中，它可能会帮助你减肥。”为燃烧卡路里的结果，符合语境。故选 D。
D．In this process it can likely help you to lose weight.
Help increase willpower.
Working out in the heat can cause you to become tired more easily，since it increases sweating and your heart rate more rapidly.___________________ ______________________________________________ It may mean you can build willpower(毅力) more easily.
上文“Working out in the heat can cause you to become tired more easily，since it increases sweating and your heart rate more rapidly.”描述在炎热的天气里锻炼的弊端，与之形成对比，空处应讲在寒冷天气里锻炼的情况；G项符合语境，并与下文“It may mean you can build willpower(毅力) more easily.”构成逻辑上的因果关系。故选 G。
G．On the other hand，exercising in the cold can allow you to work out longer.
_____________________________
Exercising outside during the winter is thought to be one useful way to avoid a type of disorder or depression that tends to affect people during the dark winter months.Sunlight and exercise both have a positive impact on your mental(精神的) condition.They help give out more“feel good” chemicals，including serotonin and endorphins.
空处为本段小标题，根据下文内容可知，本段讲述冬季锻炼可以改善心理健康，故B项“改善你的心理健康。”符合语境。故选 B。
B．Improve your mental health.
Help you sleep better.
The combination of sunlight exposure(暴露) during the daytime，fresh air and physical activity can help you relax and sleep well at night.____________ ___________________________________________ It is also called your “inside clock” which makes you feel sleepy enough at night and awake enough in the morning.
空前表示在寒冷的白天锻炼，再加上接触阳光和呼吸新鲜空气能有助于睡眠，下文提出“生物钟”概念；E项“阳光对控制你的睡眠清醒周期很重要。”承上启下，其中 sunlight是原词复现，下文中 It 指代 E 选项中 sleep-wake cycle。故选E。
E．Sunlight is important for controlling your sleep-wake cycle.
返回
谢 谢 观 看
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE(共19张PPT)
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
Section Ⅲ Grammar①
进行时态
内容索引
框架脉络
1
感知语法
2
精讲语法
3
框架脉络
返回
感知语法
写出下面定语从句引导词(关系代词)在从句所作的成分和指代意义。
①The man who spoke to me at the meeting is my new boss.
___________
②The book which you recommended to me is very interesting.
___________
③This is the movie that won the Best Picture award last year.
___________
④The girl whose drawing won the competition is only 10 years old.
________________________
⑤The person whom you met at the party is a famous scientist.
____________
主语；指人
宾语；指物
主语；指物
定语；指“这个女孩的”
宾语；指人
回忆温故
观察下面的句子，初步体会并写出引导词在从句的成分和意义。
①This is the park where we first met. _____________________
②I still remember the day when we graduated from high school.
____________________
③Do you know the reason why he was late？ _________________________
总结：where：用于修饰表示______的名词，在从句中作__________。
when：用于修饰表示______的名词，在从句中作__________。
why：用于修饰表示______的名词，在从句中作__________。
观察知新
返回
原因状语
状语；指“在公园里”
状语；指“在这一天”
状语；指“因为这个原因”
地点
地点状语
时间
时间状语
原因
精讲语法
当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when，where，why或“介词at/in/on＋which”。此处主要讲关系副词引导的定语从句。关系副词的作用如下：①指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词；②在从句中充当句子成分——状语，即在从句中起副词的作用；③起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来构成主从复合句。
1．关系副词when引导定语从句的用法
当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time，day，year，month，week等)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。
I will never forget the day when (on which) we first met.
我永远不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
The time when (at/in which) we were together was the happiest in my life.
我们在一起的那段时间是我一生中最快乐的时光。
Do you remember the moment when (at which) you realized you loved her？
你还记得你意识到你爱她的那一刻吗？
2．where引导定语从句的用法
(1)当先行词是表示具体地点的名词且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，用where引导从句。
This is the place where we first met.
这是我们第一次见面的地方。
The restaurant where we had dinner last night was excellent.
我们昨晚吃饭的那家餐厅很好。
(2)where引导的定语从句也可修饰表示抽象地点的名词(如case，state，condition，point，situation等)。
The situation where he found himself was very difficult.
他发现自己所处的情况非常困难。
She is in a position where she can help others.
她处于一个可以帮助别人的位置。
(3)有时表示“在一件东西的某个位置上”时，则表示该事物的名词也被视为地点概念，也可使用where定语从句。
The chair where he usually sits was empty during the meeting.
他通常坐的那把椅子在这次会议期间是空的。
The trousers where the stain was visible were sent for cleaning.
有污渍的那条裤子被送去清洗了。
3．why引导定语从句的用法
当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导。why可以用for which来代替，有时也可用that，这时的that不是关系代词，而是关系副词。
This is the reason why/that(＝for which) he left in a hurry.
这就是他匆匆离去的原因。
4．关系副词和关系代词的比较和选择
关系代词主要作主语、宾语；关系副词作状语。所以选择引导词首先判断从句引导词应该在从句中作主语、宾语，还是状语，即从句是否缺少主语、宾语，如果缺主语、宾语，选用关系代词，如果不缺主语、宾语，选用关系副词。试比较下面三组句子：
第一组：
Do you still remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm？
你还记得我们一起在农场度过的那些日子吗？(that/which作spent的宾语)
Do you still remember the days when we chatted with each other all night？
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语，从句不缺主语、宾语)
第二组：
This is the factory where he used to work.
这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(work是不及物动词，从句不缺主语、宾语)
This is the factory(that/which) I visited last year.
这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit是及物动词，that/which作宾语且可省略)
第三组：
The reason that he told me yesterday is a lie.
昨天他告诉我的理由是个谎言。(that作told的直接宾语)
The reason why he was late was very clear.
他迟到的原因显而易见。(从句不缺主语、宾语，用why作状语)
用定语从句完成下列句子。
1．Is this the museum___________________________________(你几天前参观的那家博物馆)？
2．Is this the museum ___________________________(举办展览的那家博物馆)？
3．We have reached a point _______________________(需要做出改变的地步).
巧学活用
(that/which) you visited a few days ago
where the exhibition was held
where a change is needed
4．He gets into a situation _______________________________________ (一种难以判断对错的境地).
5．His father works in a factory ________________________(一家制造收音机零件的工厂).
6．Can you explain the reason _______________________________________ (你上学迟到的原因)？
返回
where it is hard to tell what is right or wrong
which/that makes radio parts
(that/why/for which) you were late for school
谢 谢 观 看
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
