(共74张PPT)
UNIT 4 Exploring literature
Section Ⅳ
Extended reading & Project & Assessment
内容索引
整体预习
1
语篇理解
2
课时精练
5
夯实双基
3
互动探究
4
整体预习
The Old Man and the Sea①
(Excerpt)
The fish was coming in on his circle now calm and beautiful looking and only his great tail moving. The old man pulled on him all that he could to bring him closer.For just a moment the fish turned a little on his side.Then he straightened② himself and began another circle.
“I moved him，” the old man said.“I moved him then.”
①The Old Man and the Sea《老人与海》
海明威最著名的作品之一，写于1951年。它叙述了一位老年古巴渔夫，与一条巨大的马林鱼在离岸很远的湾流中搏斗的故事。海明威赞颂了老人勇敢、坚忍、顽强的战斗精神，这种精神至今还在激励人们勇于面对人生。
②straighten vt.挺直；(使)变直，变正
straighten oneself＝right oneself挺直身子
straight adj.一直的，直的 adv.一直地，直地
原文呈现
名师圈点
He felt faint again now but he held on the great fish all the strain③ that he could.I moved him，he thought.Maybe this time I can get him over.Pull，hands，he thought.Hold up④，legs. Last for me，head.Last for me.You never went. This time I'll pull him over.
But when he put all of his effort on，starting it well out before the fish came alongside⑤ and pulling with all his strength，the fish pulled part way over⑥ and then righted himself and swam away.
③strain n．用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负
all the strain that one could竭尽全力
④hold up 挺住；举起；支撑；耽搁
hold on坚持；等一等；〈口〉别挂电话；抓紧不放
⑤alongside adv.在……旁边；与……一起
come alongside靠过来
⑥pull...over把……拉过来
pull part way over侧过一半身子
pull in(火车)进站
pull off 驶向路边停车
pull down拉下；拆毁
原文呈现
名师圈点
“Fish，” the old man said.“Fish，you are going to have to die anyway⑦.Do you have to kill me too？”
That way nothing is accomplished⑧，he thought.His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for⑨ the water now.I must get him alongside this time，he thought.I am not good for many more turns.Yes you are，he told himself. You're good for ever⑩.
On the next turn，he nearly had him.But again the fish righted himself and swam slowly away .
⑦anyway adv.无论如何；不管怎样
anyhow adv.无论如何
somehow adv.以……方式；不知怎么地；不知为什么
somewhat adv.有点儿；有几分；颇为
⑧accomplish vt.完成
accomplishment n．完成
⑨reach for 伸手去拿
⑩for ever＝for all time ＝forever永远
swim away/off 游走
原文呈现
名师圈点
You are killing me，fish，the old man thought.But you have a right to.Never have I seen a greater，or more beautiful，or a calmer or more noble thing than you，brother．【1】Come on and kill me.I do not care who kills who.
【1】否定副词never置于句首，句子需用部分倒装结构，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词be提到主语之前。常置于句首引起句子部分倒装的否定副词和短语还有：not，little，seldom，hardly，neither，nor，in no case，in no way等。
noble adj.高贵的，贵族的；崇高的；宏伟的
nobleman n．贵族
come on过来；快点；加油
come about发生；造成
come to达到；恢复
come up走近；上来；被提及
come across邂逅；偶遇
come up with 提出；想出；赶上
原文呈现
名师圈点
Now you are getting confused in the head，he thought.You must keep your head clear .Keep your head clear and know how to suffer like a man.Or a fish，he thought.
“Clear up ，head，” he said in a voice he could hardly hear.“Clear up.”
Twice more it was the same on the turns.
I do not know，the old man thought.He had been on the point of feeling himself go each time.I do not know. But I will try it once more.
confuse vt.使迷惑，混淆
confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的
confusing adj.令人迷惑的
get confused in the head头脑糊涂的
keep one's head clear保持头脑清醒
clear up(头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理
be on the point of即将；就要；临近
be on the point of doing sth.when...正要做某事，这时……
原文呈现
名师圈点
He tried it once more and he felt himself going when he turned the fish.The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.
I'll try it again，the old man promised，although his hands were mushy now and he could only see well in flashes .
He tried it again and it was the same.So he thought，and he felt himself going before he started；I will try it once again.
once more又一次，再一次
weave vi.&vt.(weaved，weaved)迂回行进，穿行；(wove，woven)编
flash n．闪光；闪现vt.&vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现
in flashes 在闪烁
NO FLASHES禁止闪光灯
原文呈现
名师圈点
译文参考
老人与海
这时鱼正兜了一个圈子回来，既沉着又美丽，只有它的大尾巴在动。老人竭尽全力把它拉得近些。有那么一会儿，鱼的身子倾斜了一点儿。然后它竖直了身子，又兜起圈子来。
“我把它拉动了，”老人说。“我刚才把它拉动了。”
他又感到头晕，可是他竭尽全力拽住了那条大鱼。我把它拉动了，他想。也许这一回我能把它拉过来。拉呀，手啊，他想。站稳了，腿儿。为了我熬下去吧，头。为了我熬下去吧，你从没晕倒过。这一回我要把它拉过来。
但是，等他把浑身的力气都使出来，趁鱼还没来到船边，还很远时就动手，使出全力拉着，那鱼却侧过一半身子，然后竖直了身子游开了。
“鱼啊，”老人说。“鱼，你反正是死定了。难道你非得把我也害死吗？”
照这样下去会是一事无成的，他想。他的嘴已经干得说不出话来，但是此刻他不能伸手去够水来喝。我这一回必须把它拉到船边来，他想。它再多兜几圈，我就不行了。不，你是行的，他对自己说。你永远都是行的。
在兜下一圈时，他差一点把它拉了过来。可是这鱼又竖直了身子，慢慢地游走了。
你要把我害死啦，鱼啊，老人想。不过你有权利这样做。我从没见过比你更庞大、更美丽、更沉着或更崇高的东西，老弟。来，把我害死吧。我不在乎谁害死谁。
现在你的头脑已经不清醒了，他想。你必须保持头脑清醒。保持头脑清醒，要像男子汉，懂得怎样忍受痛苦。或者像一条鱼那样，他想。
“清醒过来吧，脑子，”他用自己也几乎听不见的声音说。“清醒过来吧。”
鱼又兜了两圈，还是老样子。
我弄不懂，老人想。每一回他都觉得自己快要垮了。我弄不懂。但我还要试一下。
返回
他又试了一下，等他把鱼拉得转过来时，他感到自己要垮了，那鱼纠正了方向，又慢慢地游开了，大尾巴在海面上摇摆着。
我还要试一下，老人对自己许诺，尽管他的双手这时已软弱无力，眼睛只能间歇地看得清东西。
他又试了一下，又是同样情形。原来如此，他想，还没动手就感到要垮下来了；我还要再试一下。
语篇理解
一、整体理解
1．The text mainly tells us ．
A．the old man caught a huge fish on the sea
B．the old man travelled across the sea
C．the old man's struggle with a huge fish，which reflects his spirit of bravery and perseverance
D．the old man's travel on the sea，which reflects his spirit of bravery and perseverance
√
Part 1(Paras. 1－4) A．The old man felt confused with his second attempt to catch the fish.
Part 2(Paras. 5－9) B．The old man felt himself faint with his first attempt to catch the fish.
Part 3(Paras. 10－13) C．The old man felt himself going but never gave up.He will try again and again. Part 4(Paras. 14－15) D．The old man felt himself going with his third attempt to catch the fish. 2．Match the main idea with each part.
Read the text carefully and choose the best answers.
1．Where is the story set
A．On a river. B．On the sea.
C．In the kitchen. D．On the land.
2．Which adjective can be used to describe the old fisherman in the passage
A．Humorous. B．Stubborn.
C．Strong. D．Tough.
二、细节理解
√
√
3．Why couldn't the old man reach for the water although his mouth was too dry to speak
A．Because his arms were not long enough.
B．Because the water was on another boat.
C．Because both of his hands were used to control the fish.
D．Because there was no water left on the boat.
4．Who did the old man say “Clear up，head” to
A．Himself. B．The fish.
C．His fellow worker. D．His wife.
√
√
1．But when he put all of his effort on，starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling with all his strength，the fish pulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away.
[句式分析] 句中when 引导时间状语从句；starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling with all his strength为动词-ing形式短语作状语，其中before the fish came alongside为时间状语从句。
[尝试翻译] _____________________________________________________
________________________________________
三、难句解构
但是，大鱼还不曾游到船边，他便使尽平生力气，拼命拉扯，大鱼被拉歪了一点，不久又浮正，游开。
2．I'll try it again，the old man promised，although his hands were mushy now and he could only see well in flashes.
[句式分析] 句中the old man promised为插入语；although 引导让步状语从句。
[尝试翻译] _____________________________________________________
____________________________________________
返回
“我还要试一下，”老人承诺说，尽管他的双手这时已经血肉模糊，眼睛也只能忽而看得清，忽而又看不清。
夯实双基
1．______ the enemy 打败敌人
2．all the ______ 所有的力气
3．_________ Central Park 沿着中央公园
4．a man of _____ birth 出身高贵的人
5．in a _____ 转瞬间，立即
核心单词
defeat
strain
alongside
noble
flash
1．_______ adj.& n．极端(的)；极度(的)
→extremely adv.极其，非常，极端
2．_______ vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏
→destruction n．破坏，摧毁
→destructive adj.破坏性的，毁灭性的
3．________ adj.直的
→straighten vt.挺直；(使)变直，变正
4．__________ vt.完成
→accomplishment n．成就，成绩
拓展单词
extreme
destroy
straight
accomplish
5．_______ vt.使混乱；使困惑
→confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的
→confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的
→confusion n．困惑；混乱；混淆
confuse
第一组 汉译英
1．(头脑)清醒，使整洁，清理 ________
2．正要做某事 ________________________
3．来呀，快点 ________
4．挺住；举起；停止下来 ________
重点短语
clear up
be on the point of doing sth.
come on
hold up
第二组 英译汉
5．get over _____
6．pull over _________
7．with all one's strength _________
8．pull on ___________
9．be well thought of _____________________________
克服
路边停车
用尽力气
拉，继续拉
深思熟虑，三思而行，受到好评
根据课文语境和汉语提示补全下列句子
1．too...to...意为“太……而不能……”
______________________________(他的嘴干得说不出话来) but he could not reach for the water now.
2．否定副词置于句首引起的部分倒装
_________________(我从来没见过) a greater，or more beautiful，or a calmer or more noble thing than you，brother.
3．with复合结构
The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly ______________________
_________(大尾巴在半空中绕来绕去).
典型句式
His mouth was too dry to speak
Never have I seen
with the great tail weaving
返回
in the air
互动探究
1 attempt vt. & n．努力，尝试，试图
(教材原句)After coming in empty-handed for eighty-four days，Santiago attempts to catch a huge fish.圣地亚哥空手而归84天后，他试图捕捉一条大鱼。
(1)make an attempt/attempts to do/at doing/on sth. 尝试/试图做某事
in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
at the first attempt 首次尝试
attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事
(2)attempted adj. 未遂的
[佳句背诵] (2021·全国乙卷)One afternoon，while attempting to get into bed she collapsed from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack.
一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她晕倒了，最后被发现是心脏病发作。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①The boys attempted ________ (leave) for camping，but were stopped by their parents.
②The young man was arrested because of an _________(attempt) robbery.
③She made an attempt ______ (get) in touch with them on the telephone，but nobody was home.
◎能力提升——微写作
④为改善环境，这个城镇禁用塑料袋。
The town is banning plastic bags ________________ help the environment.
to leave
attempted
to get
in an attempt to
2 too...to...意为“太……而不能……”
(教材原句)His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for the water now.
他的嘴干得说不出话来，但他现在不能伸手去拿水喝。
(1) “too...to...” 表示“(对某人/某物来说)太……以至于不能……”，表示否定意义。常用于too＋形容词/副词(for sb./sth.) to...结构中。
(2)“too...to...”也可以转换为so...that...引导的结果状语从句。
(3)too前有not，never等否定词时，整个句子表示肯定意义。
(4) too后面的形容词是anxious，ready，eager，pleased，glad等表示心理活动、情感态度的词语时，句子表示肯定意义。
[佳句背诵] It's too dark inside to see anything，please switch on the light.
里面太黑了，什么也看不见，请把灯打开。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①This box is too heavy for me _______ (lift) it.
②We are too anxious ______________(admit) to universities.
③You can never be ___ careful to drive.
◎能力提升——微写作
④这家公司太小，没法跟大型国际公司竞争。
The firm is _________________________________________________．
to lift
to be admitted
too
too small to compete against large international companies
3 否定副词置于句首引起的部分倒装
(教材原句)Never have I seen a greater，or more beautiful，or a calmer or more noble thing than you，brother.我从没见过比你更庞大、更美丽、更沉着或更崇高的东西，老弟。
(1)此处为否定副词 never置于句首，句子使用部分倒装。
(2)表示否定意义的副词或短语置于句首时，其后的句子要使用部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。
(3)表示否定意义的副词或短语有：never，seldom，little，hardly，rarely，in no way，in no case，at no time，by no means，in/under no circumstances，nowhere等。
(4)主从复合句中，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
[佳句背诵] Never have I seen such an earnest and devoted man.
我从未见过如此认真而忠诚的人。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①Not until her mother came back ____ she go to bed.
②No sooner ____ we reached the airport than the plane took off.
◎能力提升——微写作
③共享单车不仅可以提供方便，还可以缓解交通压力。
__________________________________________，but they can also ease traffic pressure.
did
had
Not only do sharing bicycles provide convenience
4 confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的，不清楚的，混乱的
(教材原句)Now you are getting confused in the head，he thought.
他想，现在你的脑子有点糊涂了。
(1)be confused about 对……感到迷惑
(2)confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的
(3)confuse vt. 使迷惑，混淆
confuse...with/and... 把……和……混淆
(4)confusion n. 混乱，困惑
in confusion 困惑地，混乱地
[佳句背诵] The teacher is explaining what we were confused about.
老师正在讲解我们混淆不清的问题。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①What you said at the meeting was really _________(confuse).
②From her ________(confuse) look，I could tell that she couldn't understand the sentence.
③A man in _________(confuse) cannot focus on the required work.
◎能力提升——微写作
④在新冠病毒爆发之初，它造成了公众很长一段时间的困惑和混乱。
At the very beginning of the outbreak of novel coronavirus，_______________
_________________and muddle in the public.
confusing
confused
confusion
it caused a long
period of confusion
[语境串记] The confused look on his face suggested that he was confused about the confusing questions asked by his parents.他脸上迷惑的表情表明他对父母问的那些令人迷惑的问题感到困惑。
维度一 单词拼写
1．In summary，keep confident and no one can ______ (击败)you in the contest.We believe you.
2．He treated the guests with __________(慷慨) and thoughtfulness，which made them feel at home.
3．The new restaurant is _________(极其) popular，so you ought to book a table in advance.
4．So far some specific measures have been taken to protect the forest from being _________(破坏).
5．To his delight，the author has ____________(完成) his biography ahead of schedule.
defeat
generosity
extremely
destroyed
accomplished
随堂演练
维度二 单句语法填空
1．The grandpa always attempts _________(answer) all his grandson's questions.
2．She was on the point of going to bed _____ there was a power failure.
3．The statement is really _________(confuse) and many of us can't understand it.
4．With his homework ________ (finish)，he went out to play.
5．Not until the author began to study the classic poetry ___ he realize how appealing it was.
to answer
when
confusing
finished
did
维度三 完成句子
1．如果你对什么事有疑问，打电话给我。(confuse)
If _____________________________，phone me.
2．汤姆想在考试中作弊时，被老师当场抓住了。(attempt)
When Tom ___________________________________，he was caught by the teacher on the spot.
3．以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。(部分倒装)
Never before ______________________________．
you're confused about anything
was attempting to cheat in the exam
have I seen such a moving film
返回
课时精练
维度一 根据汉语或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式
1．The solution to a problem，we are told，often comes to thinkers in a “_____(闪现) of insight”．
2．Habits are like a cable.We ______(编织) a rope of it every day and soon it cannot be broken.
3．The wedding dress of the princess is _____(高贵的) and elegant.Such is the beauty of this style that it will be popular with young women.
4．—I'm delighted that we have ____________(完成) this tough task successfully.
—Far from it.There is still a lot of work to be done here.
基础达标
flash
weave
noble
accomplished
5．The project _________(与……一起) with the experiment we had once committed so much time to worked out perfectly.
6．You'd better take account of your ability before __________ (尝试)to do such a business.
7．She sipped her coffee and _____________(变正)a picture on the wall.
8．Cook until the fruit is soft but not ______(糊状的).
9．He told us that the building had been d________ in the earthquake when he came to the city two years ago.
10．This is the doctor without whose help my father couldn't have d_______ the illness.
alongside
attempting
straightened
mushy
estroyed
efeated
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．In summary，not only ____ the race strengthen our bodies，but it also testes our will.
2．The site is _________ (extreme) expensive to maintain and it will cost between three and five million yuan to repair it.
3．To those who are new to this system，it can sometimes be _________ (confuse).
4．Marie Curie made the world a better place through her scientific _______________ (accomplish).
5．Try not to lean against anything and __________ (straight) your back.
6．In this class we are going to learn English grammar.I will attempt __________(explain) what “the present perfect passive voice” is.
does
extremely
confusing
accomplishments
straighten
to explain
7．During the rush hour，the subway is always too crowded for us ______(get) on.
8．The teacher taught us how __________(develop) a good learning habit during the summer vacation.
9．He is afraid of speaking in public because he feels rather nervous with so many people _______(stare) at him.
10. We were held ___ by a traffic accident on our way home last night.
to get
to develop
staring
up
维度三 完成句子
1．他们消除了误会，这使得他们心情不错。(clear up)
They _______________________________，which left them in a good mood.
2．当熊走近时，我感到混乱，不知道该做什么。(confuse)
When the bear was approaching，I _________________________________．
3．每一次我都试图说服她，但都不起作用。(attempt)
Every time I _______________________，but in vain.
4．我从未有过如此可怕的经历。(部分倒装)
_________________such a frightening experience.
5．他正要说话这时电话铃响了。(be on the point of doing...when)
He _________________________________________ the phone rang.
cleared up the misunderstanding
got confused，not knowing what to do
attempt to convince her
Never have I had
was on the point of saying something when
维度四 课文语法填空
The fish was coming in on his circle now calm and beautiful looking and only his great tail moving.The old man pulled on him all that he could 1.________ (bring) him closer.For just 2.__ moment the fish turned a little on his side.Then he 3.____________ (straight) himself and began another circle.He felt faint again now but he held on the great fish all the strain 4.____ he could. But when he put all of his effort on，starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling with all his 5.________ (strong)，the fish pulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away.On the next turn，he nearly had him.But again the fish righted himself and swam 6.______ (slow) away.Twice more it was the same on the 7._____ (turn).
to bring
a
straightened
that
strength
slowly
turns
He tried it once more and he felt himself going when he turned the fish.The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail 8._______ (weave) in the air.He tried it again and it was the same.9.___ he thought，and he felt himself going before he started；I 10.________ (try) it once again.
weaving
So
will try
素能提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
After three quarters of an hour they reached the height where the hut(小屋)of the old man stood on a rock，exposed to every wind，but bathed in the full sunlight.From there you could see far down into the valley.
Overlooking the valley the old man had made himself a bench，by the side of the hut.Here he sat，with his pipe between his teeth and both his hands resting on his knees.He quietly watched the children climbing up with the goats and Aunt Deta behind them.Heidi reached the top first，and approaching the old man，she held out her hand to him and said，“Good evening，grandfather! ”
“Well，well，what does that mean ” replied the old man in a rough voice.Giving her his hand for only a moment，he watched with a long and penetrating(穿透性的)look from under his bushy brows.Heidi gazed back at him and examined him，for he was strange to look at.
Deta had arrived in the meantime with Peter，who was eager to see what was going to happen.
“Good-day to you，uncle，” said Deta as she approached.“This is Tobias and Adelheid's child.You won't be able to remember her，because last time you saw her，she was only a year old.”
“Why do you bring her here ” asked the uncle，and turning to Peter，he said：“Get away and bring my goats.How late you are already! ”
Peter obeyed and disappeared；the old man had looked at him in such a manner that he was glad to go.
“Uncle，I've brought the little girl for you to keep，” said Deta.“I have done my share these four years and now it's your turn to provide for her.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小说《海蒂》中姨妈迪蒂把海蒂送到一个住在乡下且脾气古怪的爷爷那里生活的故事。
1．How did Heidi feel about the old man at first sight
A．Angry. B．Afraid.
C．Curious. D．Cheerful.
√
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Heidi gazed back at him and examined him，for he was strange to look at.”可知，海蒂第一眼看到老人时感到十分好奇。故选C项。
2．What do we know about Peter from the passage
A．He was Heidi's brother.
B．He treated the old man's visitors.
C．He was one of Deta's friends.
D．He took care of the old man's goats.
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“‘Why do you bring her here ’asked the uncle，and turning to Peter，he said：‘Get away and bring my goats.How late you are already! ’”可推断彼得照顾老人的山羊。故选D项。
√
3．What do we learn from the passage
A．The old man expected Heidi's coming.
B．The old man saw Heidi several years ago.
C．Heidi came to the old man's hut for a holiday visit.
D．Heidi had lived with her parents in the last four years.
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第四段“You won't be able to remember her，because last time you saw her，she was only a year old.”可知，老人几年前见过海蒂。故选B项。
√
4．What might happen in the following paragraph
A．The old man decided whether to keep Heidi.
B．Deta decided whether to leave Heidi or not.
C．Peter decided whether to help Deta and Heidi.
D．Heidi decided whether to stay with the old man.
写作手法题。根据文章最后一段“‘I have done my share these four years and now it's your turn to provide for her.’(四年来，我已经尽了我的一份力，现在该你来供养她了。)”可推断，下文老人会决定是否抚养海蒂。故选A项。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空
From the time I was seven，I had a dream of becoming a member of the Students' Union.I always 1 my school leaders for taking responsibility for all of us.So I dreamed of being a leader.Years flew by，and soon I was able to 2 the elections，praying I would win.But the reality struck that I hadn't had a(n) 3 －I wasn't pretty.Girls across the school 4 knew me.I just did not have what it 5 to win a school election.I was 6 ．As I cried in my room that evening，I suddenly took a deep breath and decided I wouldn't stop 7 ．I decided that I would join in elections 8 in my final year at school— and I would win.
I recognized that my 9 had a lot of things in their favor(对他们有利).What were the 10 that would work in my favor I had good grades，and I was friendly and helpful.And my biggest 11 was the faith I had.I would not allow my 12 appearance to hold me back from putting my best foot forward. That evening，I 13 my election plans a whole year in advance.
I realized that girls would have to get to know me and recognize that I had the 14 to represent them.I loved making friends and I liked being helpful，so I decided that perhaps I could use these qualities to work to my 15 ．In order to learn how to present a great election speech I also attended a course on effective public speaking.
The day after the election，when the principal announced I won the second highest number of votes，the students cheered.That joy on the faces of all my friends showed me that my victory was also theirs.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过努力而进入学生会的故事。
1．A．remembered B．admired
C．praised D．believed
2．A．come up with B．participate in
C．begin with D．rise to
根据“So I dreamed of being a leader”(所以我梦想成为一个领导者)，可知，我总是羡慕学校的领导们对我们所有人负责。故选B。
√
√
根据上文我想成为学生会主席，多年过去，我终于可以参加选举，且后文提及，希望自己能赢。所以是终于可以参加选举。故选B。
3．A．chance B．education
C．challenge D．improvement
4．A．highly B．equally
C．hardly D．closely
根据后文“ I just did not have what it to win a school election.”可知，选举没有成功，我没有成为领导的机会。故选A。
√
√
根据前文，自己不够漂亮，所以学校的女生都不认识我。故选C。
5．A．provided B．educated
C．meant D．took
6．A．concerned B．sad
C．confused D．surprised
it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to win a school election。这里指的是赢得学校的选举需要的东西。故选D。
√
√
根据上文可知，作者不具备赢得学校选举的能力，所以感到沮丧。故选B。
7．A．developing B．winning
C．learning D．dreaming
8．A．again B．really
C．simply D．nearly
根据上文“I had a dream”以及根据下文，作者会继续参选，所以表示作者没有停止梦想，故选D。
√
√
根据上文可知，作者的选举失败，但是作者会继续参选，是再一次参选，故选A。
9．A．colleagues B．enemies
C．schoolmates D．competitors
10．A．points B．cases
C．methods D．examples
√
由“in their favor”可知，该空指的是下文提到的我的竞争对手们。故选D。
由语境可知，这里是讲对自己有利的东西，“what were the points that would work in my favor”什么对我有利。故选A。
√
11．A．problem B．aim
C．strength D．worry
12．A．plain B．young
C．beautiful D．special
√
√
我最大的长处是我有信念。由上文的“in their favor”，“in my favor”可知，这里谈论的是优势。故选C。
根据上文“I wasn't pretty.”作者不想让自己普通的外表阻碍自己将最好的一面展现出来。故选A。
13．A．announced B．discussed
C．began D．shared
14．A．recommend B．confidence
C．respect D．ability
√
√
根据“my election plans a whole year in advance”可知，分析完优势后，作者开始着手预先制定自己的选举计划。故选C。
根据“represent them”可知，作者意识到要让女孩们了解她，并且认可作者有能力代表她们。故选D。
15．A．habit B．advantage
C．speech D．focus
√
根据“I loved making friends and I liked being helpful”可知，前面作者说了自己的各种优点，都是希望作为选举的加分项。故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
English plays are one of the traditional 1. ＿ (part) of the English festival in our school.This year，two plays were performed on stage—the musicals Cats and Beauty and the Beast.
Cats，based on Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats，2. (tell) the story of a tribe(部落) of cats.During the night，all the cats in the tribe choose one cat 3. ＿＿ can be reborn into a new life.
In this play，we had 15 students to play the roles，including six boys and nine girls.I was lucky enough to play a role.In order to perform 4. (good)，we practiced a lot.Every day，we made use of our spare time during lunch and after school 5. (practise) our lines together with our teachers.We practiced sentence by sentence，6. (make) sure to pronounce each word properly.
parts
tells
who/that/which
well
to practise
making
Finally，we rehearsed(排练) on the stage more than 20 times.During that time，we got a lot of help 7. ＿ advice from our teachers.We made progress day 8. day，until we gave our first performance.The show was successful and was praised by the audience.
Through this play，my fellow students and I developed our acting skills，increased our interest in English，and gained a 9. (deep) friendship with one another than before.More 10. (important)，we discovered the beauty of musicals and the English language.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和同学们为学校英语节准备戏剧《猫》的经过。
and
by
deeper
importantly
1．答案：parts
2．答案：tells
3．答案：who/that/which
考查名词的单复数。根据上文one of可知，后跟复数名词，表示“……其中之一”，故填parts。
考查主谓一致。描述客观事实应用一般现在时，且主语为Cats，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填tells。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处包含一个定语从句，先行词为one cat，从句缺少主语，故填who/that/which。
4．答案：well
5．答案：to practise
考查词性转换。结合句意可知表示“好”修饰动词perform应用形容词good的副词形式well，故填well。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知谓语动词为made use of，所以practise在句中作非谓语动词，由句意可知应作目的状语，所以用动词不定式，故填to practise。
6．答案：making
7．答案：and
8．答案：by
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知谓语动词为practiced，所以make在句中作非谓语动词，由句意可知此处make sure(确保)作伴随状语，应用动词-ing形式，故填making。
考查连词。结合句意可知help与advice为并列关系，故填and。
考查介词。短语day by day表示“日复一日，每天”，故填by。
9．答案：deeper
10．答案：importantly
考查形容词的比较级。结合句意和后面的than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级，故填deeper。
返回
考查词性转换。分析句子可知此处修饰后文整个句子，应用副词形式，故填importantly。
谢 谢 观 看
UNIT 4 Exploring literature(共33张PPT)
UNIT 4 Exploring literature
Section Ⅲ Integrated skills——推荐信
学规范写作
文体感知
推荐信是向收信人推荐人或事物的书信。写推荐信应该注意以下方面：
1．说明被推荐者的基本情况。推荐人时，应包括姓名、性别、年龄、业务水平、工作能力、身体状况等；推荐某物品、地方或去处时，应包含具体位置、如何到达、服务水平、 用途等。
2．说明推荐的理由。要求写得具体、充分，如实地介绍优点，客观地叙述理由。
基本结构：
首段：说明写信的目的和要推荐的内容。
中段：介绍被推荐人或物及推荐他/它们的理由。
尾段：总结，表达愿望。
写作素材
开头句：
1．Learning that you are coming to visit China，I'd like to recommend several places of interest to you.
得知你将来中国游玩，我向你推荐几处名胜。
2．I'm more than glad/pleased/delighted to learn that you are going to Beijing，and I'd like to offer my recommendation.
得知你要去北京我很高兴，我想向你提出我的建议。
中间句：
1．It offers you an opportunity to do something interesting and creative.Meanwhile，it provides you a source of pleasure.
它提供给你一个有趣且富有创意的做事情的机会。同时也能给你带来快乐。
2．I recommend that you sleep in a tent at night so that you can get close to nature.
我建议你晚上在帐篷中睡觉，这样可以亲近大自然。
结尾句：
1．I do hope you can take my recommendations into account/consideration and make a final decision.
我真希望你能考虑我的建议并作出最后的决定。
2．I'll be more than happy if you can take my recommendations/ideas into consideration.
如果你能考虑我的建议/想法，我会非常高兴。
典型示例
假定你是晨光中学的李华，你的英国外教Alex打算在寒假里发起“英语经典诵读(English Classics for Recitation)”活动，现就诵读书目征求你校学生的意见。请根据以下提示给Alex写一封电子邮件：
1．你打算推荐的一本书；
2．推荐的原因；
3．希望从活动中有何收获。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步 学会审题谋篇
写作类型 推荐信
人称时态 第一人称为主；一般现在时为主。
写作要点 首段： 引入话题，推荐的书目；
中段：说明原因，书中有哪些值得学习的地方；
尾段：得出结论，从书中我们得到哪些启发。
第二步 保基础分——会写基本句
1．I heard that you intend to _________________________ English Classics for Recitation.
我听说你打算开展一项名为“英语经典诵读”的活动。
2．______________________ have the chance to make my voice heard.
能有机会发表我的意见，我感到非常荣幸。
3．The book ____________________ is Jane Eyre.
我想推荐的书是《简·爱》。
4．_________________________________________________，its language and the characteristic of Jane are both beautiful.
作为19世纪出版的经典小说之一，《简·爱》的语言和简的性格都很美。
launch an activity called
I feel much honored to
I'd like to recommend
As one of the classic novels published in the 19th century
5．Her diligence，kindness and independence __________________________
_________．
她的勤奋、善良和独立促成了她最后的幸福。
6．I hope the activity will _________________________________．
我希望这次活动对我们的成长非常有益。
7．We will ___________________________________________________．
我们不仅可以学到很多知识，而且可以拓宽我们的视野。
contributed to her final
be of great benefit to our growth
not only learn much knowledge but also broaden our horizons
happiness
第三步 创设亮点——试写高级句
1．将句1和句2合并为动词-ing形式作状语的句子
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．将句4升级为not only...but also...连接的句子
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3．将句5升级为强调句
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Hearing that you intend to launch an activity called English Classics for Recitation，I feel much honored to have the chance to make my voice heard.
As one of the classic novels published in the 19th century，its beauty not only lies in the language，but also exists in the characteristic of Jane.
It was her diligence，kindness and independence that contributed to her final happiness.
第四步 衔接成篇得高分
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Dear Alex，
I'm Li Hua，a student at Chenguang High School.Hearing that you intend to launch an activity called English Classics for Recitation，I feel much honored to have the chance to make my voice heard.
The book I'd like to recommend is Jane Eyre.As one of the classic novels published in the 19th century，its beauty not only lies in the language，but also exists in the characteristic of Jane.It was her diligence，kindness and independence that contributed to her final happiness.
I hope the activity will be of great benefit to our growth.We will not only learn much knowledge but also broaden our horizons.
Thank you for your time.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
返回
课时精练
Ⅰ.完形填空
When my first book was published，I couldn't wait to make it to readers.
The book signing(签名售书) was 1 in a beautiful bookstore.I had imagined hundreds of customers would 2 for me to sign copies for them. 3 ，it didn't quite happen like that.
Despite the nice sign outside，not a single 4 entered.As each minute passed，I was 5 anxious.
For the past four years，I had lived on a strict 6 ．I woke up at 5：30 a．m.every day and had two hours of writing before work.I often prayed(祈祷) my readers would finally be 7 ．Now，sitting here alone，I 8 if my entire life was just a big joke.Just before the store's closing， 9 ，I began to get myself ready to leave.
Just when I couldn't feel any 10 ，a middle-aged couple walked in.I managed to 11 my bad emotions and introduced myself and my book.While listening，they nodded in 12 from time to time.Then the wife told me，“We'll take the book.” My heart beat fast with 13 ．“We lost our son five months ago，” she said with watery eyes.“Maybe your book will help us 14 it.”
Two weeks later，I received a thank-you letter from the couple.My prayer of asking for the words to touch just one person's life was 15 ．Thanks to them，I kept moving ahead to writing.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了自己的新书签售会上，等了很久都没有读者前来，作者非常灰心，直到书店即将关门，自己打算回家的时候，一对夫妇的到来令作者非常激动。这件事激励着作者把写作进行下去。
1．A．finished B．registered
C．arranged D．requested
2．A．line up B．pack up
C．make out D．work up
根据“The book signing(签名售书)”可知，这是一场签名售书活动，活动被安排(arrange)在书店里。故选C项。
根据“hundreds of customers”可知，作者原以为会有成百上千的顾客排队(line up)等他为他们签名。故选A项。
√
√
3．A．Besides B．Therefore
C．However D．Anyway
4．A．assistant B．customer
C．student D．reporter
根据“it didn't quite happen like that”可知，句意发生了转折，然而(however)并没有顾客排队买书。故选C项。
根据上文中的“The book signing(签名售书) was in a beautiful bookstore.”可知，这是一场在书店的签名售书活动，此处指的是没有买书的顾客(customer)。故选B项。
√
√
5．A．immediately B．surprisingly
C．formally D．increasingly
6．A．schedule B．holiday
C．journey D．diet
根据上文语境可知，没有一个顾客来，再结合空后的anxious可知，此处指随着时间一分一秒地过去，作者越来越(increasingly)焦虑。故选D项。
√
√
根据下文“I woke up at 5：30 a．m.every day and had two hours of writing before work.”可知，作者每天起床很早，在上班之前进行两小时的写作，由此可知，作者日常安排(schedule)非常紧张，故选A项。
7．A．challenged B．worried
C．annoyed D．touched
8．A．believed B．wondered
C．forgot D．admitted
根据文章最后一段中的“My prayer of asking for the words to touch just one person's life...”可知，此处应选touch(感动)。
根据上文语境可知，作者希望能够有人买他的书，但是，签名售书活动非常失败，没有顾客来买书。因此，作者想知道(wonder)为什么这么失败，似乎自己的人生是个笑话。故选B项。
√
√
9．A．delighted B．frightened
C．discouraged D．amazed
10．A．better B．worse
C．easier D．wiser
没有顾客来买书，因此作者渐渐气馁(discouraged)了。故选C项。
没有顾客来买书，作者最后很气馁，都准备离开了，因此，作者感觉没有比这更糟糕(worse)的了。故选B项。
√
√
11．A．cheat B．express
C．hide D．lose
12．A．agreement B．exchange
C．shock D．demand
根据下文的“...introduced myself and my book.While listening，they nodded in from time to time.”可知，作者向这对夫妇介绍自己的书并得到了他们的认可，由此可推知，作者隐藏起(hide)之前的糟糕情绪。故选C项。
根据上文的“While listening，they nodded...”可知，这对夫妇非常赞同(agreement)。故选A项。
√
√
13．A．sadness B．fear
C．anger D．excitement
14．A．go through B．get over
C．look into D．focus on
根据上文的“We'll take the book.”和“My heart beat fast...”及上文“签售会没有读者前来买书”可推知，这对夫妇要买作者的书令作者很激动(excitement)。故选D项。
根据上文的 “‘We lost our son five months ago，’ she said with watery eyes.”可知，这对夫妇希望通过读作者的书克服失去儿子的痛苦。故选B项。
√
√
15．A．answered B．ruined
C．repeated D．delivered
根据上文的“My prayer of asking for”可知，此处指终于有人买作者的书，他的愿望得以实现，与“asking for”相呼应，此处是对祈求的回应(answer)。故选A项。
√
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校英语戏剧俱乐部外籍指导教师Jim因疫情滞留英国。复学在即，作为俱乐部负责人，你给Jim写一封电子邮件，请他推荐一名外籍指导教师，内容包括：
1．条件及要求；
2．表示感谢并提醒注意防护。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours，
Li Hua
How are you doing I hope everything's OK with you.
Our school's drama club plans to start practising.Since you're away in Britain，we need a drama teacher to be in your place.Would you please recommend one for us He or she should be a native English speaker，currently in Beijing，and experienced in both directing and teaching.
Thank you for your help.Please take care of yourself.Remember to wear a mask when necessary.
Best wishes.
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was a child，I lived in a house with a beautiful garden full of different flowers，and roses were the most beautiful of them.There was nothing I enjoyed more than sitting in the garden with my mother，reading stories to me.When I was in primary school and old enough to read，I enjoyed reading stories aloud to her.
I will never forget one day when I had been picked to be the princess in the school play.For weeks my mother had practised my lines so hard with me.But however easily I acted at home，as soon as I stepped on stage，every word disappeared from my head.Finally，my teacher took me aside.She explained that she had written a narrator's (叙述者) part to the play，and asked me to change my role.Her word，kindly expressed，still hurt，especially when I saw my part go to another girl.
I didn't tell my mother what had happened that day.But she sensed my pain.Instead of suggesting we practice my lines，she asked if I wanted to take a walk in the garden.
It was May and roses were blossoming and，under the trees，we could also see yellow dandelions (蒲公英) in the grass，as if a painter had painted our garden with red，yellow and green.I watched my mother casually bend down by one dandelion.
“I think I'm going to dig up all these weeds，” she said，pulling it up by its roots.“From now on，we'll have only roses in this garden.”
“But I like dandelions，” I protested.“All flowers are beautiful — even dandelions.”
My mother looked at me seriously.“Yes，every flower is beautiful in its own way，isn't it？” she asked thoughtfully.I nodded，pleased that I had won her over.
“And that is true of people too，” she added.“Not everyone can be a princess，but there is no shame in that.”
Realizing that she had guessed my pain，I started crying as I told her what had happened.She listened and smiled reassuringly.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
“But you can make a good narrator，” she said with encouragement in her eyes._______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It reminded me of how much I loved to read stories aloud to her. Mother enlightened me that the narrator's part was equally crucial，whose wise words inspired me with courage and confidence.But on the point of the performance，I suddenly felt nervous backstage again，my palms sweaty and kneels soft.Just then，my teacher came over to me，handing me a dandelion from my mother.Looking at it，I knew my mother was out there for me，which calmed me down.
Paragraph 2：
After successful performance in the play，I took home the dandelion carefully.________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Upon arriving home，I made the dandelion into a dried flower. Witnessing what I was busy doing，my mother watched me fondly and delightedly.With the well preserved dandelion，I participated in various school plays，rehearsed different roles and made spontaneous speeches ever since.Gradually，I've become really good at performing and public speaking，seldom feeling nervous onstage now.Every time I see it，I am reminded of this unforgettable experience and the profound wisdom.
返回
谢 谢 观 看
UNIT 4 Exploring literature(共69张PPT)
UNIT 4 Exploring literature
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
内容索引
课时精练
3
语法探究
1
知识拾遗
2
语法探究
新知导学
情态动词
[教材示例]
观察黑体部分并感悟规律
1．“What shall I read？”
2．You might have asked yourself this question more than once.
3．If you are not sure what to read，you can get ideas from different sources，but it is also important to develop your own taste.
4．To start with，ask your friends，parents and teachers to recommend what books you ought to read.
5．Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily.
6．You could also read book reviews in newspapers，in magazines or online.
7．A book review can often tell you whether a book is worth reading or not.
8．These ideas should point you in the right direction.
9．However，you must also decide for yourself what kind of books to read.
10．You do not have to read a book just because everyone recommends it.
11．Over time，you may find yourself better able to seek out books to your taste and enjoy reading all the more.
[我的发现]
情态动词可以表示__________(句1、 句3、 句6)、_____(句5、句7)、_______(句4、句9 、句10)和_______(句2、句 8 、句11)。
请求/建议
能力
必要性
可能性
语法精讲
一、概述
情态动词本身有一定的词义，通常跟动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的看法或主观设想。常见的情态动词主要有：can，could，may，might，must，ought to，need，shall，should，will，would 等。
二、情态动词的基本用法
1．can与could的用法
(1)表示能力，此时could 是can 的过去式。
My grandmother can do some shopping on the Internet，but she couldn't last year.
我奶奶会网购了，但是去年她还不会。
[名师点津] 在一般过去时中，was/were able to 通常表示能做并且已经做了的事，could 仅表示能力。
I was able to swim to the bank when the ship sank.
当船下沉时，我已经游到岸边了。
I could lift the heavy box.
我能把那个沉重的盒子举起来。
(2)表示可能性，一般用于疑问句和否定句中，can't/couldn't 意为“不可能”。
Can this news be true？这则消息可能是真的吗？
Your story can't/couldn't be true.
你的故事不可能是真的。
(3)表示请求和许可，could表示更委婉的语气。
—Can/Could I go now
—Yes，you can.
——我现在可以走了吗？
——是的，你可以。
(4)表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“有时会”。
As we all know，anyone can make mistakes.
我们都知道，任何人都可能犯错。
2．may与might的用法
(1)表示允许、许可。might在语气上比may更委婉。
May/Might I play the computer games after supper
晚饭后我可以玩电脑游戏吗？
(2)表示可能性，用于肯定句。
I think he may come tomorrow.
我认为明天他可能会来。
3．must与need的用法
(1)表示必要性。must意为“必须”，其否定式为mustn't(不准，禁止)。need 意为“需要”，其否定式为needn't(不必)。
You mustn't do that，because you must keep your word.
不准你那么做，因为你必须得遵守诺言。
You needn't do it if you don't want to.
如果你不想做，你就不必做。
(2)must表示可能性，只能用在肯定句中，意为“一定，准是”。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.
辛苦工作了一整天，你一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)
(3)must表示感彩，意为“偏偏，偏要”，常指令人不快的事情。
The car must break down just when I was about to start.
我正要出发时车偏偏抛锚了。
4．will与would的用法
(1)表示意志、意愿和决心。will指现在，would指过去。
I will never do that again.我再也不那样做了。
They said that they would fight against the haze.
他们说会与雾霾作斗争的。
(2)表示请求。would表示更委婉的语气。
Will/Would you please take a message for me
你能帮我捎个口信吗？
(3)表示习惯性的动作，意为“总是；习惯于”。will指现在，would指过去。
Fish will die without water.没有水鱼儿就会死。
We would sit around Grandpa after supper，listening to his stories.
过去，晚饭后我们总会坐在爷爷周围，听他讲故事。
[名师点津] used to也表示过去的习惯性动作，往往指后来停止了的动作。
He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening.
他过去常在晚间到森林附近散步。(而现在已不在那里散步了)
5．shall的用法
(1)shall在疑问句中，表示建议或征求对方的意见。
What shall I/we do next？我/我们下一步该做什么？
When shall my brother be able to leave hospital
我哥哥什么时候可以出院？
(2)shall表示承诺或要求。
You shall go with me.你跟我走。
You shall have a new dress for your birthday.
你在生日时会得到一件新衣服。
(3)用于正式文件、法律、规章制度等，表示规定。
Students shall not use calculators during exams.
学生在考试中不得使用计算器。
6．should与ought to的用法
(1)should表示义务或建议，意为“应该”，其同义词是ought to。
You should/ought to go to class right away.
你应该立刻去上课。
(2)should与ought to也可以表示主观判断，意思是“可能会，应该会”。
It's nine o'clock now.My mother should come back.
现在九点钟了，我妈妈应该回来了。
7．dare与need的用法
dare和need既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。
(1)dare和need作情态动词时，多用于疑问句、否定句中。
I dare not walk through the wood at night.
夜间我不敢在小树林里走。
You needn't worry about it.
你没有必要担心。
(2)dare作实义动词时，在否定句、疑问句中动词不定式符号to可以省略。need作实义动词时，后可接名词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式等，有人称、时态和数的变化。
The children don't dare (to) make a sound while their parents are sleeping.
孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢弄出一点声音。
The bike needs repairing.＝The bike needs to be repaired.
这辆自行车需要修理。
三、情态动词＋have done的用法
1．should/ought to have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldn't/ought not to have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。
You should/ought to have told me about it earlier.
关于这件事你本应该早点告诉我的。
You shouldn't/ought not to have said such words to your parents.
你本不应该给你父母说这样的话。
2.needn't have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。
You needn't have walked so quickly since time was enough.
你本来不必走这么快的，时间很充足。
3．could have done表示“本来可以做某事而事实上未做到”。
I could have come on time，but my car broke down on the way.
我本来可以准时到的，但是我的车在路上坏了。
4．may/might have done表示“可能发生过某事”或“本来也许可以做某事(实际上没做)”。
You might have given him more help，but you were so busy.
你也许可以给他提供更多帮助的，但你太忙了。
体系构建
返回
情态动词 基本用法 1．can与could的用法
2．may与might的用法
3．must与need的用法
4．will与would的用法
5．shall的用法
6．should与ought to的用法
7．dare与need的用法
情态动词＋have done的用法 1．should/ought to have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”。
2．needn't have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。
3．could have done表示“本来可以做某事而事实上未做到”。
4．may/might have done表示“可能发生过某事”或“本来也许可以做某事(实际上没做)”。
知识拾遗
1 particular adj.特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的
(教材原句)Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials.
尤其是教师，能在有趣的阅读材料方面提出建议。
(1)in particular 尤其，特别
be particular about/over... 对……挑剔，讲究
(2)particularly adv. 特别是，格外，异乎寻常地
[佳句背诵] The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters.科学家们对月球的远端特别感兴趣，因为它有许多深深的环形山。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①The boy likes anything to do with nature __ particular.
②We are ____________ (particular) grateful to him for his timely help.
③Mary is going on a diet，so she is very particular ___________ food.
◎能力提升——微写作
④作为客人，我们应该注意我们的行为，尤其是餐桌礼仪。
As guests，we should pay attention to our behaviour，___________________
_________．
in
particularly
over/about
table manners in
particular
[语境串记] Betty is very particular about/over food.However，she likes the food cooked by her grandma in particular. Actually，her grandma is particularly good at cooking.
贝蒂很挑食。然而，她特别喜欢吃她奶奶做的饭。实际上，她的奶奶特别擅长烹饪。
2 mean adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的
(教材原句)The book's main character is Scrooge，a rich but mean old man.
这本书的主角是斯克罗吉，一个富有但吝啬的老人。
(1)be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄
(2)mean v. 意味着；打算，意欲
mean to do sth. 打算/有意做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
be meant for... 专门为……
[佳句背诵] This collection of short stories is meant for English beginners.
这本短篇小说集是为英语初学者编写的。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①Don't be so mean __ your relatives.
②Missing the flight means _______(wait) for another three hours.
③This book is meant ___ designers，but is read by people of all walks of life.
◎能力提升——微写作
④我并非有意让你在这等那么长时间。
I ________________________________ for such a long time.
to
waiting
for
didn't mean to keep you waiting here
维度一 单词拼写
1．All the ___________ (收藏品)will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym.
2．They will be ___________ (运送)to Paris by air tomorrow.
3. There are stories about his __________(慷慨) and the massive amounts of money he gave to charities.
4. These issues will be discussed more fully in the next _______(部分).
5．Have you read the _______ (章节)on the legal system
随堂演练
collections
transported
generosity
section
chapter
维度二 单句语法填空
1．Wherever she goes，she is particular ___________ what she eats.
2．Her husband is very mean ___________ money.
3．His suggestion put forward at the conference is worth ___________ (consider).
4．The national park has__ large collection of wildlife，ranging from butterflies to elephants.
5．She began to be ___ the stage when she was a teenager.
about/over
about/with
considering
a
on
维度三 完成句子
1．我无意伤害他。 这只是个误会。(mean)
________________________．It was just a misunderstanding.
2．我不怎么讲究着装，我的妻子却很在乎我穿什么。(particular)
___________________________________ while my wife minds what I wear.
3．他在电脑上搜索地方新闻文章时碰到了这篇报道。(come across)
He ___________________ while he was doing a computer search of local news articles.
返回
I didn't mean to hurt him
I am not particular about/over my clothes
came across this story
课时精练
维度一 单句语法填空
1．It is strange that such a famous poet ______ be so rude to a lady.
2．You ____ come here on time，or you'll be fined next time.
3．I ________ have cooked so much food.Nobody was hungry.
4．He told me he ______ be free tonight.
5．I __________ finish reading the novel tomorrow，but I am not sure about it.
6．You _____ to have given him some advice.He was too upset at that time.
7．It is a long time since we met last time.You ______ come and see me more often.
基础达标
should
must
needn't
would
may/might
ought
should
8．She was so frightened that she didn't dare __________(breathe) a word of it to anyone else.
9．He finished all the work himself；in fact，he _____ have asked his friends for help.
10．You _____ feel all the training a waste of time，but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.
to breathe
could
may
维度二 语法与写作
1．走了这么久，她一定累了。
_________________ after such a long walk.
2．当她在这所大学学习时，她常在图书馆做作业。
_________________________ in the library when she studied in the university.
3．我想了又想，但我记不起我在哪里买的词典。
I have searched my memory，but I ________________ where I have bought the dictionary.
4．我们本可以共同面对困难，可你为什么不告诉我呢？
__________________________________ together，but why didn't you tell me
5．他现在会骑自行车了，但几星期前他不会。
He can ride a bike now，but __________________________．
She must be tired
She would do her homework
can not remember
We could have faced the difficulty
he couldn't a few weeks ago
维度三 语法与语篇
Lucy can 1.__________________________________(能演奏各种各样的乐器).Actually，she 2.____________________(会弹钢琴) when she was 8 years old.She also keeps taking exercise every day because she 3.______________(必须保持苗条).“You shall get fat soon if you don't take exercise every day.” She usually says to her friends.
However，last week，she found that she 4.___________________(或许增重了) because of lack of time and her husband suggested that she 5.__________________(应该减肥).One night after supper，she walked quickly to go dancing at the park.On her way，she thought that the dancing 6._______________(一定已经开始了) and the coach could have taught many new moves，but the coach was absent that night，so she was regretful.
play many kinds of musical instruments
could play the piano
must keep slim
might put on weight
should lose weight
must have begun
素能提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas
This book takes you through waves of emotion as you start to understand the main character，the 9-year-old boy Bruno.The story taking place during the Holocaust(大屠杀)，we witness the horror from the boy's viewpoint.You'll be shocked by some of the surprising aspects of the book as the boy befriends one of the boys on the other side of the fence.
The Book Thief
The story is about a young girl named Liesel who has to live with foster parents(养父母)during World WarⅡ.On the way to her new home，her brother dies，setting the sad tone for the story.There is hope，however，when Liesel discovers her love for reading and shares her stolen books with her neighbors during bombing attacks with a Jewish man hidden in her basement.
The Fault in Our Stars
This is probably the most touching book that makes you cry，as it records the experiences of teens who are dying of cancer and living their last days in love.Their life is tragic and jarring at the same time as we watch their health deteriorate(恶化).The real tragedy is the love between the main characters，who know that it is certain to “die”．
A Child Called “It”
It's one of the saddest stories of abuse in recent decades.A Child Called “It” is based on the true story of Dave Pelzer，a boy from California who suffered at the hands of his sadistic(施虐狂的) family.The tears will come from both sadness and the inspiration tied to Dave's fight for survival in an environment where he is considered useless.
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本小说。
1．Which book is a love story
A．The Book Thief.
B．A Child Called “It”．
C．The Fault in Our Stars.
D．The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas.
细节理解题。根据第三部小说中的“teens who are dying of cancer and living their last days in love”和“The real tragedy is the love between the main characters”可知，The Fault in Our Stars讲的是爱情故事。故选C项。
√
2．Who may be considered unpopular in the family
A．Liesel's brother.
B．The 9-year-old boy Bruno.
C．A young girl named Liesel.
D．Dave Pelzer，a boy from California.
细节理解题。根据第四部小说中的“one of the saddest stories of abuse” “Dave Pelzer，a boy from California who suffered at the hands of...”“sadness”以及“in an environment where he is considered useless”可知，Dave Pelzer在家中备受虐待，被认为一无是处，不受欢迎。故选D项。
√
推理判断题。根据第一本小说中的“waves of emotion”，第二本小说中的“her brother dies，setting the sad tone for the story”，第三本小说中的“This is probably the most touching book that makes you cry”以及最后一本小说中的“The tears will come from both sadness and the inspiration”可知，这四部小说的共同之处是它们都充满了强烈的感情。故选C项。
3．What do the four novels have in common
A．They all have a sad ending.
B．They are all connected with wars.
C．They are all emotionally powerful.
D．They all expose the dark side of society.
√
B
At thirteen，I was diagnosed (诊断) with a kind of attention disorder.It made school difficult for me.When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks，I could not.
In my first literature class，Mrs Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it，all within 45 minutes.I raised my hand right away and said，“Mrs Smith，you see，the doctor said I have attention problems.I might not be able to do it.”
She glanced down at me through her glasses，“You are not different from your classmates，young man.” I tried，but I didn't finish the reading when the bell rang.I had to take it home.
In the quietness of my bedroom，the story suddenly all became clear to me.It was about a blind person，Louis Braile.He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education.But Louis didn't give up.Instead，he invented a reading system of raised dots (点)，which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.
Wasn't I the “blind” in my class，being made to learn like the “sighted” students？My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance.I completed the task within 40 minutes.Indeed，I was not different from others；I just needed a quieter place.If Louis could find his way out of his problem，why should I ever give up
I didn't expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs Smith，so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day — with an “A” on it.At the bottom of the paper were these words，“See what you can do when you keep trying.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者患有一种注意力障碍的病症，不能集中精力于所做的事情，当他想放弃时，受到Louis Braile的故事和Smith老师的激励，终于克服困难很好地完成了答卷并得到了老师的认可。
4．What problem did the author meet when he was in class
A．He didn't like the teacher.
B．He was not fond of literature.
C．The classroom was too noisy.
D．He couldn't focus his attention in class.
细节理解题。根据第一段“13岁时，我被诊断出患有某种注意力障碍。这让我在学校感到很困难。当班上的其他人都在专注于任务时，我却不能”可知，作者患有一种注意力障碍的病症，他在课堂上无法集中注意力，故选D。
√
5．What can we learn about Louis Braile from the passage
A．He managed to cure his blindness.
B．He got a good education at school.
C．He made an invention which helped the blind.
D．He couldn't see and read for the whole life.
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“相反，他发明了一个凸点阅读系统，为盲人打开了一个全新的知识世界”可知，Louis Braile发明了盲文来帮助盲人。故选C。
√
6．What's Mrs Smith's attitude to the author in the classroom
A．She encouraged him.
B．She looked down on him.
C．She sympathized (同情) him.
D．She was angry with him.
观点态度题。根据最后一段“当我把论文交给Smith老师的时候，我并没有期待什么。所以，当我第二天收到她给我的答卷时，我感到非常惊讶，因为论文上有一个‘A’。下面有这样一句话：‘看看当你不断尝试的时候你能做什么。’”可知，Smith老师给了作者一个“A”，并且附上留言，可见Smith老师对他是鼓励的，故选A。
√
7．What can we learn from the passage
A．How to be a great teacher.
B．Keep trying，and you can do it.
C．What you should do as a blind.
D．Ways to overcome attention disorder.
推理判断题。通读全文，本文讲述了作者受到Louis Braile的故事和Smith老师的激励战胜自己的疾病，完成答卷并得到老师的认可的故事。根据“If Louis could find his way out of his problem，why should I ever give up ”和“At the bottom of the paper were these words，‘See what you can do when you keep trying.’”可知，本文告诉我们，持续努力，你会成功的。故选B。
√
C
“A serious attack on the fantasy story for children comes from those who do not wish children to be frightened，” writes C．S.Lewis in an essay named Three Ways of Writing for Children.Those who say that children must not be frightened mean two things.Firstly，they mean that we mustn't do anything likely to give children fears，and secondly，they want to keep out of their minds that they are born into a world of death，violence，wounds，good and evil (邪恶).C.S.Lewis says he agrees with the first reason，but not the second.
He goes on to remark，“Since it is so likely that they will meet cruel enemies，let them at least hear of brave fighters and heroic courage.By limiting your child to perfect and nice stories of child life in which nothing alarming ever happens，they would fail to face fears and hardships.” “It would be nice，” he continues，“ if no little boy in bed ever hears a frightening sound. But if he is to be frightened，I think St.George，or any bright hero in armor，is a better comfort than the idea of the police.”
Bruno Bettelheim，a well-known child psychologist，also points out that fantasy stories provide children with a valuable education about good and evil. He believes that all children have many personal fantasies filled with fears and fantasy stories that comfort them and offer solutions.Happy endings tell them that solutions and hope are real and model the kind of happy life children want to find.
A good fantasy suggests rather than teaches possible answers to life.It's believed that reading fantasies quickens the ability to get and put ideas from books to reality.It's what good literature does — it makes life larger.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了幻想文学对儿童的好
处——可以帮助他们克服恐惧、提高解决实际问题的能力。
8．According to the first paragraph，C.S.Lewis thinks that____．
A．children shouldn't read any fantasy story because it is bad
B．adults shouldn't do things that may frighten their children
C．death and badness should be kept out of children's minds
D．writing a fantasy story is the best way of writing for children
√
细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，C.S.Lewis认为成年人不应该做可能吓到孩子的事情。故选B项。
9．What probably is St.George according to the text
A．He is a policeman in real life.
B．He is a murderer caught by the police.
C．He is a brave man in a fantasy novel.
D．He is a frightening person in a story.
√
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，St.George是幻想小说里的一个勇敢的人物。故选C项。
10．Why should children read fantasy literature according to Bruno Bettelheim
A．Because it encourages children to have a lot of fantasies.
B．Because it helps children overcome fears and find solutions.
C．Because it teaches children to write their own fantasy stories.
D．Because it gives children a happy memory when they grow up.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，Bruno Bettelheim认为孩子们要读幻想故事(文学)，因为它能帮助孩子克服恐惧，找到解决办法。故选B项。
11．It can be inferred from the text that ____．
A．good literature can give readers more valuable stories
B．fantasies can improve one's ability to solve problems
C．personal fantasies can help children get away from danger
D．most children can understand what fantasy literature is
推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，幻想文学可以提高一个人解决问题的能力。故选B项。
√
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
While you are travelling abroad，cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic(语言的) mistakes，which can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals. 1
·Touching Someone
2 In Mediterranean countries，if you don't touch someone's arm when talking to them or if you don't greet them with kisses or a warm hug，you'll be considered cold.But backslap(拍背) someone who isn't a family member or a good friend in Korea，and you'll make them uncomfortable.In Thailand，the head is considered sacred—never even pat a child on the head.
·Talking over Dinner
In some countries，like China，Japan and some African nations，the food is the thing，so don't start chatting about your day's adventures while everyone else is digging into dinner. 3 It's not because your group is unfriendly，but because meal times are for eating，not talking.
·Removing Your Shoes or Not
Take off your shoes when arriving at the door of a London dinner party and the hostess will find you uncivilized，but fail to remove your shoes before entering a home in Asia，Hawaii，or the Pacific Islands and you'll be considered disrespectful.So，if you see a row of shoes at the door，start undoing your laces. 4
Once you are on the ground of a different country，remain highly sensitive to native behavior. 5 And don't feel offended(冒犯) if something seems offensive—like queue jumping.After all，this is a global village，and we are all very different.
A．Personal space varies as you travel the globe.
B．Asians consider removing shoes impolite at home.
C．Never be completely surprised by anything.
D．The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his idea.
E．Look out for the following cultural mistakes and try to avoid them.
F．If not，keep the shoes on.
G．You'll likely be met with silence.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当你出国旅行时，文化错误比语言错误更严重，这会导致严重的误解甚至是个人之间的厌恶感。文章给出了一些需要避免的文化错误。
While you are travelling abroad，cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic(语言的) mistakes，which can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals.___________________________________
__________________________
E．Look out for the following cultural mistakes and try to avoid them.
根据空前内容可知，当你出国旅行时，文化错误比语言错误更严重，这会导致严重的误解甚至是个人之间的厌恶感。再根据下文主要介绍了需要避免的文化错误可知，E项(注意下面的文化错误，尽量避免它们)符合文意。
______________________________________________ In Mediterranean countries，if you don't touch someone's arm when talking to them or if you don't greet them with kisses or a warm hug，you'll be considered cold.But backslap(拍背) someone who isn't a family member or a good friend in Korea，and you'll make them uncomfortable.In Thailand，the head is considered sacred—never even pat a child on the head.
A.Personal space varies as you travel the globe.
根据本段的内容可知，在不同的国家，你的一些行为会给当地人带来误解。A项(个人空间随着你的环球旅行而变化)符合文意。
In some countries，like China，Japan and some African nations，the food is the thing，so don't start chatting about your day's adventures while everyone else is digging into dinner._______________________________ It's not because your group is unfriendly，but because meal times are for eating，not talking.
G．You'll likely be met with silence.
根据本段的“It's not because your group is unfriendly，but because meal times are for eating，not talking.”可知，不是因为你的团队不友好，而是因为吃饭时间是为了吃饭，而不是为了说话。G项(你可能会遇到沉默)符合文意。
Take off your shoes when arriving at the door of a London dinner party and the hostess will find you uncivilized，but fail to remove your shoes before entering a home in Asia，Hawaii，or the Pacific Islands and you'll be considered disrespectful.So，if you see a row of shoes at the door，start undoing your laces._________________________
F．If not，keep the shoes on.
根据本段的小标题Removing Your Shoes or Not(脱鞋子还是不脱)和空前句“So，if you see a row of shoes...，start undoing your laces.”可知，F项(如果不是，请穿着鞋子)符合文意。
Once you are on the ground of a different country，remain highly sensitive to native behavior.______________________________________And don't feel offended(冒犯) if something seems offensive—like queue jumping. After all，this is a global village，and we are all very different.
C．Never be completely surprised by anything.
根据空后句“And don't feel offended(冒犯) if something seems offensive—like queue jumping.”可知，空处也是一个否定的祈使句。C项(永远不要对任何事情感到惊讶)符合文意。
Ⅲ.语法填空
In science fiction，space 1.___________(describe) as a silent，empty place but things are different.In fact，all of the equipment 2.____(use) to keep a space station functioning can be so noisy 3.____ the astronauts working there cannot talk with one another 4._____(easy)—they have to shout.The high levels of sound may affect their work，and can sometimes even mean that they are 5._______(able) to sleep.In addition，they must face other problems in space. Scientists have found over 70，000 items of rubbish 6.__________ still remain in orbit(轨道) around the earth.Most of them are 7._______(small) than a tennis ball，but they still threaten(威胁) the 8._____(safe) of exploring in space.Even a small piece of metal could cause a terrible disaster if it hit a manned spacecraft.
is described
used
that
easily
unable
that/which
smaller
safety
Although generally astronauts do make an effort 9.________(bring) most of their rubbish home，they don't always manage it.And they don't just leave their rubbish in space either.There is even a broken camera behind on 10.____ moon.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空中有很多噪音，以至于在那里工作的宇航员彼此之间交谈不容易，有时甚至意味着他们不能睡觉，并且太空中还有许多太空垃圾。
to bring
the
1．答案：is described
2．答案：used
考查动词的时态和语态。space与describe之间是被动关系，用被动语态，表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时。综上所述，应该使用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is described。
查非谓语动词。all of the equipment与use之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填used。
3．答案：that
4．答案：easily
5．答案：unable
考查状语从句。so...that...如此……以至于……，是固定用法，故填that。
考查词性转换。修饰动词短语talk with用副词，故填easily。
考查词形转换。作be动词后的表语，用形容词；且根据语境可知，此处指不能睡觉，故填unable。
6．答案：that/which
7．答案：smaller
8．答案：safety
考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词items of rubbish，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，故填that/which。
考查形容词的比较级。由“than a tennis ball”可判断这里需要使用比较级，故填smaller。
考查词性转换。此处作threaten的宾语，且前面有定冠词the，所以用名词，故填safety。
9．答案：to bring
10．答案：the
考查非谓语动词。make an effort to do sth.“努力做某事”，是固定用法，故填to bring。
返回
考查冠词。表示世界上独一无二的事物，用定冠词。故填the。
谢 谢 观 看
UNIT 4 Exploring literature(共111张PPT)
UNIT 4 Exploring literature
背话题金句，写高分文章
1．The school library provides a variety of original works，hoping they will meet the needs of different students.
学校图书馆提供各类原著作品，希望它们能够满足不同学生的需求。
2．I hold the view that if we students want to know as many great works of literature as we can，we had better read the original work.
我认为我们学生如果想尽可能多地了解伟大的文学作品，最好还是读原著。
3．Some classic works not only offer us joy and excitement，but also encourage us to think critically.
一些经典作品不但让我们喜悦和兴奋，而且鼓励我们批判性地思考。
4．The literature book always reflects a country's history，so the students can know about the country's culture in the certain time.They will broaden their vision.
文学书总是反映出一个国家的历史，所以学生可以了解这个国家在特定的时间的文化。他们会开阔视野。
5．The literature books always describe the characters to get over all kinds of difficulties and get successfully in the end.Their stories are the best examples to teach students become the strong persons.
文学书籍总是描述人物克服各种各样的困难，最终获得成功。他们的故事是教导学生成为强大的人的最好的例子。
单元话题导入
What is classic literature？Classics are the antiques① of the literary② world.They are novels，plays and poems that were written a long time ago and were so well written that people still read them nowadays.They are examples of great writing and wisdom③，and even those written centuries ago can still be found in bookshops and libraries today.
Because a lot of classics were written so long ago，their language characteristics④ are quite different from those of modern works.This makes them difficult for some people to read，so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.Many people do not read them，because they think classics are old and boring and have nothing to do with⑤ life today.
However，if this is true，why do we still find these classics in bookshops and libraries？They have not disappeared and still have a place in the world. Why else would many films adapted from⑥ them be successful？In 1995，an award-winning film based on⑦ Jane Austen's novel Emma came out⑧.Nobody would bother to⑨ make these classic novels into films if they had nothing to do with contemporary⑩ life.
什么是古典文学？经典著作是文学世界的古董。它们是很久以前写的小说、戏剧和诗歌，写得非常好，直到今天人们还在阅读它们。它们是伟大的作品和智慧的典范，即使是几个世纪前写的作品，今天仍然可以在书店和图书馆里找到。
阅读助手：
①antique n．古董，文物
②literary adj.文学的
③wisdom n．智慧，才智
④characteristic n．特征，特点
⑤have nothing to do with与……无关
⑥adapt from根据……改编
⑦be based on以……为基础，基于；改编自
⑧come out出版
⑨bother to do sth.费心去做某事
⑩contemporary adj.当代的，现代的
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
内容索引
整体预习
1
语篇理解
2
课时精练
5
夯实双基
3
互动探究
4
整体预习
The wonder of literature①
A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held② it to his ear【1】．Suddenly he heard strange，low，musical sounds.These sounds seemed to be from another world and the child listened to them with wonder. Then the man explained that the child heard nothing strange③，and that the shell caught a range of④ sounds too faint for human ears.What amazed the child was not a new world，but the unnoticed music of the old.
【1】be doing...when...意为“正在做……这时突然……”，when 为并列连词，表示“这时”，相当于and at this/that time。
①literature n．文学，文学作品
②hold (held，held) vt.拿；抱；握住；举行
hold sth. to one's ear把……放在耳边
hold up举起；支撑；耽搁
③nothing strange 没有什么奇怪的
④range n．一系列，范围
vi.变化，变动，包括(各种不同的人或物)
a range of一系列，各种
in/within range of在……范围内
out of/beyond the range of超出……的范围
原文呈现
名师圈点
Some such experience as this lies in store for us⑤ when we begin the study of literature.Let a little song appeal to⑥ the ear，or a great book to the heart，and we discover a new world，a world of dreams and magic.To enter and enjoy this new world，we need to love literature，and make an effort to⑦ explain it.Behind every book is a man，behind the man is the race，and behind the race are the natural and social environments【2】．
【2】本句是并列句。三个分句都是完全倒装句。表示处所或方位的介词短语置于句首时，句子要把谓语整体移到主语之前。
⑤in store (for sb.)即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着 (某人)
⑥appeal vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n．吸引力；申诉；呼吁
appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣
⑦make an effort/efforts to do sth.努力做某事
make every effort to do sth.竭尽全力做某事
原文呈现
名师圈点
We must know all these，if the book is to speak its whole message.In a word，we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and understand literature【3】．The first step is to determine⑧ some of its significant⑨ qualities.
【3】句中where引导定语从句，修饰先行词point。当先行词是point，situation，stage，case等表示抽象地点的名词，且引导词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句常用where来引导。
⑧determine vt.确定；决心；支配 vi.决心
determined adj.坚决的，果断的，有决心的
determination n．决心，果断
⑨significant adj.有重要意义的，显著的
significance n．重要性，意义
原文呈现
名师圈点
The first quality of literature is its description of truth and beauty.Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive⑩ human soul brings them to our attention，just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds【4】．A hundred men may pass a field and see only dead grass；but a poet stops，looks deeper，sees truth and beauty，and writes，“Yesterday's flowers am I．”One who reads it is capable of seeing the beauty that was hidden from his eyes before.
【4】本句是复合句。主句是“主系表”结构的句子。until引导时间状语从句；as引导方式状语从句，意为“正如”。
⑩sensitive adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的
be sensitive to对……敏感
a sensitive human soul 一个敏锐的人类灵魂
reflect vt.&vi.反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思，思考
capable adj.有能力，有才能；能力强的
be capable of 能够
be able to 能够
原文呈现
名师圈点
The second quality of literature is its appeal to our feelings and imagination.Its attraction lies more in what it awakens in us than what it says.When Christopher Marlowe's Doctor Faustus asks in the presence of Helen，“Was this the face that launched a thousand ships？” he opens a door through which our imagination enters a new world，a world of love，beauty and heroism.
lie in在于
awaken vt.&vi.唤起，被唤起；(使) 醒来
Christopher Marlowe克里斯托弗·马洛(英国诗人、剧作家)
Doctor Faustus浮士德博士(《浮士德博士的悲剧》中的主人公)
launch vt.使(船)下水；开始从事；发动
launch a ship让船起航
launch a campaign发起运动
原文呈现
名师圈点
The third quality of literature，coming out of the other two，is its permanence .To achieve this，it should contain two elements：universal interest and personal style. Good literature reflects the most basic of human nature —love and hate，joy and sadness，fear and hope.It also takes on a personal style—no writer can describe human life without reflecting his own life and experiences.
In summary ，literature is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty，the written record of man's thoughts and feelings，and the history of the human soul.
permanence n．永久，持久性
permanent/ p m n nt/adj.永久的；持久的
contain vt.包含，含有，容纳
contain two elements包含两种要素
human nature人性
human beings人类
take on承担；呈现；雇用；录用
summary n．总结，概括，概要
summarize vi & vt.总结；概述
in summary总的来说
the written record 书面记录
原文呈现
名师圈点
(Adapted from William J．Long's English Literature：Its History and Its Significance for the Life of the English-Speaking World)
be adapted from改编自
原文呈现
名师圈点
译文参考
文学的奇迹
一个孩子和一个男子正在海滩上散步，这时孩子突然发现了一个贝壳，并把它放在耳边。突然，他听到了奇怪的、低沉的音乐声。这些声音似乎来自另一个世界，孩子惊奇地听着它们。随后男子解释说其实孩子听到的声音并没有什么奇怪的，只不过是贝壳捕捉到了各种对人的耳朵来说太微弱的声音而已。令孩子惊讶的不是一个新的世界，而是不为人注意的古老音乐。
当我们开始学习文学时，我们可能就会有一些类似这样的体验。让一首小曲愉悦我们的耳朵，让一部巨著触动我们的心灵，这样我们便会发现一个全新的世界，一个充满梦想和魔力的世界。要进入和享受这个新世界，我们需要热爱文学，并努力去解释它。每一本书的背后都是人，人的背后是种族，种族的背后是自然和社会环境。如果这本书要传递完整的信息，我们就必须理解所有这些内容。总之，我们现在已经到了一个我们希望享受和理解文学的地步。第一步是确定它的一些重要品质。
文学的第一个品质是它对真理和美的描述。有些真与美一直不为人所察觉，直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意，这就正如贝壳把那些被人忽视的声音呈现出来一样。一百个人路过一片田野时，眼中所见的可能都只是枯草；而一位诗人则会停下脚步，看得更透，他看到真与美，并且写下这样的诗句：“昨日我曾是鲜花。”读到这句诗的人可以发现他们曾视而不见的美。
文学的第二个品质是它吸引了我们的感情和想象力。它的吸引力更多地在于它唤醒了我们什么，而不是它说了什么。当克里斯托弗·马洛笔下的浮士德博士当着海伦的面问道，“这就是让一千艘战船起航的那张面孔吗？”他便打开了一扇门，通过这扇门我们的想象力进入了一个新世界，一个充满爱、美和英雄主义的新世界。
文学的第三个品质，也是来自另外两个品质的，就是它的持久性。要做到这一点，它应该包含两个要素：普遍兴趣和个人风格。好的文学反映人性中最基本的东西——爱和恨，欢乐和悲伤，恐惧和希望。它也呈现了一种个人风格——如果不反映个人生活和经历，一个作家就不能描述出人类的生活。
总之，文学是以真和美的形式表达生命，是人的思想和感情的书面记录，是人类灵魂的历史。
改编自威廉·J.朗恩的《英国文学：它的历史及其对英语世界生活的意义》。
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语篇理解
一、整体理解
1．The text mainly tells us ____．
A．the definition of the literature
B．the truth and beauty of literature
C．some significant qualities of literature
D．some wonderful experiences of literature
√
2．Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A．Starting to introduce literature.
Para.2 B．The first quality of literature—description of truth and beauty.
Para.3 C．The story of a child and a man.
Para.4 D．The second quality of literature—appeal to our feelings and imagination.
Para.5 E．The summary of literature.
Para.6 F．The third quality of literature—permanence.
二、细节理解
Read the text carefully and choose the best answers.
1．The author mentions the story of a child and a man in the first paragraph to ____．
A．show that the boy was interested in music
B．lead in the topic of the passage
C．show that the man was knowledgeable
D．tell us that nature was full of wonders
√
2．What is needed most if we want to fully understand a book
A．The writer's personal life.
B．The main characters' life story.
C．The writer's race.
D．The natural and social environments the writer lives in.
3．What does the word “it” in the sentence “One who reads it is capable of seeing the beauty that was hidden from his eyes before.” refer to
A．The dead grass.
B．The poem.
C．The quality of literature.
D．The truth and beauty.
√
√
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．Some people are too sensitive to find truth and beauty in the real world.
B．Literature appeals to our feelings and imagination through what it says.
C．A writer can express his own life and experiences through literature.
D．We can create good literature only by imagining.
√
三、培养批判性思维
No.Good literature must reflect the most basic of human nature.
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Are all the works of literature good literature？Why
_______________________________________________________________
四、难句解构
1．Then the man explained that the child heard nothing strange，and that the shell caught a range of sounds too faint for human ears.
[句式分析] 此句为主从复合句。其中有两个that引导的宾语从句，作动词explain的宾语。第一个that可以省略，但第二个that不能省略。
[尝试翻译] _____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
四、难句解构
随后男子解释说其实孩子听到的声音并没有什么奇怪的，只不过是贝壳捕捉到了各种对人的耳朵来说太微弱的声音而已。
2.What amazed the child was not a new world，but the unnoticed music of the old.
[句式分析] 本句的主语为what 引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语。not...but...意为“不是……，而是……”。
[尝试翻译] _____________________________________________________
____
令孩子惊讶的不是一个新的世界，而是不为人注意的古老音乐。
3．Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention，just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds.
[句式分析] 此句为主从复合句。其中until 引导时间状语从句；as 引导方式状语从句，翻译为“正如……，如同……一样”。
[尝试翻译] _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
有些真与美一直不为人所察觉，直到有一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意，这就正如贝壳把那些被人忽视的声音呈现出来一样。
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夯实双基
1．the wonder of __________ 文学的奇妙之处
2．a _________ human ____ 一个敏锐的灵魂
3．______ a thousand ships 让一千艘船起航
4．contain two _________ 包含两个元素
5．_________ interest 共同的兴趣
6．________ of classic literature 古典文学的特征
7．a favourite ______ 一位受人欢迎的作者
8．the important _____ 一个重要的话题
9．Charles Dickens' _____ 查尔斯·狄更斯的小说
10．the ______ class 上层社会，上流人
核心单词
literature
sensitive
soul
launch
elements
universal
features
author
issue
novel
upper
11．the generation ____ 代沟
12．the historical ________ 历史背景
13．a ________ period 一个特定的时期
gap
context
specific
1．______ vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n．吸引力；申诉；呼吁
→appealing adj.吸引人的
2．_________ vt.确定；决心；支配 vi.决心
→determined adj.坚决的
→determination n．决心
3．___________ adj. 有重要意义的，显著的
→significantly adv.有重大意义地；显著地；明显地
→significance n．意义；含义
4．________ vt. 描述，描写
→description n. 描述，说明，形容
拓展单词
appeal
determine
significant
describe
5．_________ adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的
→sensible adj.理智的，合理的
6．_______ vt.&vi.反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思
→ reflection n. 反映；映射；沉思
7．______ adj.醒着的
→awaken vt.&vi.唤起，被唤起；(使) 醒来
8．___________ n．永久，持久性
→permanent adj.永久的，永恒的
→permanently adv.永久地，长期不变地
9．_______ vt.包含，含有，容纳
→container n．容器；集装箱
sensitive
reflect
awake
permanence
contain
10．_________ adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的
→universally adv.普遍地
11．________ n．总结，概括，概要
→summarize v．总结，概述；vi.作总结；作概括
12．________ adj.特定的；明确的，具体的
→specifically adv.特意，专门地；明确地，具体地
universal
summary
specific
第一组 汉译英
1．致力，专心，献身 _________________
2．即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人) ________________
3．有能力做某事 ______________________
4．总的来说 __________
5．凭借，利用 _______
6．吸引，呼吁，恳求 _________
重点短语
devote oneself to
in store (for sb.)
be capable of (doing) sth.
in summary
draw on
appeal to
第二组 英译汉
7．have nothing to do with... _______________________________
8．in that _____
9．in the presence of... ___________
10．with wonder _________
11．feel like _______________________
12．make the best of _________
与……毫不相干，与……没有关系
因为
在……面前
充满好奇
想要；摸上去像；感到像
充分利用
根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子
1．“be doing...when...”句式
A child and a man ______________________________(正在海滩上散步，那时) the child found a shell and held it to his ear.
2．what引导主语从句
_____________________(使孩子感到惊奇的) was not a new world，but the unnoticed music of the old.
典型句式
were walking on the beach when
What amazed the child
3．完全倒装句式
_______________________________________________(每一本书的背后都是人，人的背后是种族)，and behind the race are the natural and social environments.
4．where引导的定语从句
In a word，we have now reached a point ______________________________
__________________(我们希望了解并欣赏文学).
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Behind every book is a man，behind the man is the race
where we wish to enjoy and understand literature
互动探究
1 devote oneself to...致力，专心，献身
(教材原句)...whatever I have devoted myself to，I have devoted myself to completely...
凡是我要投入做的事，我都全身心投入了……
(1)devote vt. 献身于，专心致志于
devote...to (doing)... 把……用在/献给(做)...
(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的
be devoted to 致力于，献身于；忠诚于
(3)devotion n. 奉献
[佳句背诵] Devoting herself to the research，the woman has little time to go home.
由于致力于研究工作，这位妇女几乎没有时间回家。
[名师点津] 短语devote...to...中的to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①Neighbors devoted their spare time to ________(help) others rebuild homes.
②She got the prize for her _________(devote) to the poor children.
③I have personally been _______ (devote) to this cause for many years.
◎能力提升——微写作
④我们每个人都应该致力于建设一个和谐的社会。
Everyone of us should ___________________________________________．
helping
devotion
devoted
be devoted to building a harmonious society
[语境串记] Mrs White，a devoted friend of mine，devoted all her time and energy to her career，and her devotion to children made us vote for her.
怀特夫人，我的一个忠诚的朋友，她把所有的时间和精力都献给了她的事业，她对孩子们的关爱使我们投票选了她。
2 “be doing...when...”句式
(教材原句)A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.一个孩子和一个男子正在海滩上散步，这时孩子突然发现了一个贝壳，便把它拿起来放在耳边。
be doing...when...
“(某人)正在做……这时(突然)……”，when 为并列连词，表示“那时”，相当于and at this/that time。when作并列连词的句式还有：
正要做……这时(突然)……
had just done...when... 刚做完……这时(突然)……
[佳句背诵] I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.
我正想着这件事，这时听到有人叫我的名字。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①I was about _______ (give) up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
②She was on the point of opening the window ______ someone knocked at the door.
③I ____________(finish) my exam paper when the bell rang.
◎能力提升——微写作
④上周一，我正在街上散步，那时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。
Last Monday，___________________________________________________
_____________．
to give
when
had finished
I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle
3 appeal vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n．吸引力；申诉；呼吁
(教材原句)Let a little song appeal to the ear，or a great book to the heart，and we discover a new world，a world of dreams and magic.
让一首小曲愉悦我们的耳朵，让一部巨著触动我们的心灵，这样我们便会发现一个全新的世界，一个充满梦想和魔力的世界。
(1)appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁
appeal to sb.to do sth. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事
appeal for 恳求；呼吁
(2)make an appeal to sb.for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁
make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事
(3)appealing adj. 有吸引力的，有感染力的
[佳句背诵] In addition，most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.
此外，大多数报纸几乎没有吸引大众读者的内容。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①If you appeal to me ___ help，I will give you a hand without hesitation.
②The Prime Minister appealed to young people ______ (use) their vote.
③While this sounds highly _________(appeal)，it does not work.
◎能力提升——微写作
④为建造这座桥，我们呼吁村民捐款。
We ___________________________________ money to build the bridge.
for
to use
appealing
made an appeal to the villagers for
4 完全倒装句式
(教材原句)Behind every book is a man，behind the man is the race，and behind the race are the natural and social environments.
每一本书的背后都是人，人的背后是种族，种族的背后是自然和社会环境。
此句为完全倒装句。表示处所、方位的介词短语置于句首，句子使用完全倒装句。
完全倒装用法总结如下：
(1)表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come，go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词。
(2)副词away，down，up，in，off，out，over，round 等位于句首时，其后也用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常是表示动态的不及物动词。
(3)状语或表语置于句首时。为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，句子完全倒装。
(4)there be句型。该句型中的be可以替换成表示“存在”的动词，如live，exist，lie，stand，seem，rise，remain，happen等。句型结构为“there＋存在类动词＋主语”。
[佳句背诵] In front of our house lies a river where we used to swim.
我们家前面有一条河，过去我们常常在那儿游泳。
[名师点津] here，there引起的完全倒装句的主语只能是名词，若主语为代词，则不倒装。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①Between you and your dreams ______ (stand) a lot of hard work.
②Present at the evening party _____ (be) our English teachers yesterday.
③Nowadays there _____ (live) a famous doctor named Zhong Nanshan in China.
◎能力提升——微写作
④在我们学校的教学楼旁边有一座图书馆，它于2009年建成。
By the side of the teaching building of our school __________________，which was completed in 2009.
stands
were
lives
stands the library
5 where引导的定语从句
(教材原句)In a word，we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and understand literature.总之，我们现在已经到了希望了解并欣赏文学的地步。
当先行词是stage，point，case，situation，position，job，business，scene等表示抽象地点的名词，并且定语从句缺状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。
[佳句背诵] You can join in some social activities where you can make some new friends.
你可以参加一些社交活动，在那里你可以结交一些新朋友。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①He gets into a situation ______it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
②After graduation she reached a stage ______she needed to decide what to do.
◎能力提升——微写作
③今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者不能正确使用语言的情况。
Today，we'll discuss a number of cases _______________________________
__________________．
where
where
where beginners of English fail to use the language properly
6 determine vt.确定；支配；决心； vi.决心
(教材原句)The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities.
第一步是要确定文学的一些重要品质。
(1)determine to do sth. 决定做……(表示动作)
(2)determined adj. 坚决的，决定了的
be determined to do sth. 决心做……(表示状态)
(3)determination n. 决心
with determination 坚决地，果断地
[佳句背诵] Though Tom was stubborn，they determined to persuade him to travel together.
虽然汤姆很固执，他们还是决定说服他一起去旅行。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①From his ___________(determine) look，we can know his confidence.
②There were many diving spots in the area and Larry was determined ________ (visit) all of them.
③Chinese players have the _____________ (determine)to win more gold medals in the next Olympic Games.
◎能力提升——微写作
④无论发生什么事，她都已经决定把真相说出来。
No matter what happens，she _______________________________________
________．
determined
to visit
determination
has determined to/has been determined to tell the truth
[语境串记] He is well known as a determined man because he always fights his illness with determination.I determined to learn from him.
众所周知，他是一个意志坚定的人，因为他总是坚定地与疾病作斗争。我决心向他学习。
7 significant adj.有重要意义的，显著的
(1)It is significant that... 很明显……
(2)significance n. 意义，重要性
be of significance to... 对……有重要意义
attach significance to... 认为……重要(to为介词)
be of great significance＝be very significant 非常重要；有重大意义的
(3)significantly adv. 显著地；重大地
[佳句背诵] Wearing masks is of great significance/significant for preventing COVID-19.戴口罩对预防新冠肺炎很重要。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①In my view，practicing handwriting is ___great significance to the students' growth.
②As time goes by，I attach greater ____________ (significant) to doing what I am doing now.
③The two sets of figures are not _____________ (significant) different.
◎能力提升——微写作
④他们在这篇文章中提出的解决方法非常重要。
The solution they put forward in this article is _____________________．
of
significance
significantly
of great significance
8 sensitive adj.感觉敏锐的，体贴的，敏感的，灵敏的
(教材原句)Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention，just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds.有些真与美一直不为人所察觉，直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意，这就正如贝壳把那些被人忽视的声音呈现出来一样。
(1)be sensitive to... 对……敏感
be sensitive about... 神经过敏的，易生气的
(2)sensible adj. 明智的，意识到的
be sensible of 意识到……，认识到……
[佳句背诵] The classroom teacher must be sensitive to a child's needs.
课堂教师必须理解孩子的需求。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①I am not in favor of her.She is very sensitive __ what people think of her.
②I think the ________ (sense) thing would be to take a taxi home.
③The Stock Exchange is very _________(sense) to political change.
◎能力提升——微写作
④我知道鱼是一种冷血动物，因此对水温非常敏感。
I have learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore ____________________ water temperature.
to
sensible
sensitive
is very sensitive to
9 reflect vt. & vi.反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思
(1)reflect...in... 在……中映出……的影像
be reflected in 倒映在；反映在
reflect on/upon sth. 反省/认真思考某事
(2)reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像；沉思
on reflection 再三考
[佳句背诵] The lake is calm and clear，and an old tower is reflected in the water.
湖面平静清澈，一座古塔倒映在水面上。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①English writing is the ___________(reflect) of students' English level.
②She could see her face _________(reflect) in the car's windshield.
③On ___________(reflect)，we decided to buy that house.
◎能力提升——微写作
④我好好地反省了自己，努力寻找自己自身的不足。
I _______________________ well，trying to find my own shortcomings.
reflection
reflected
reflection
reflect on/upon myself
10 capable adj.有能力，有才能，能力强的
(教材原句)One who reads it is capable of seeing the beauty that was hidden from his eyes before.
读到这句诗的人可以发现曾视而不见的美。
(1)be capable of... 有能力……
(2)capability n. 才能，能力；容量
(3)“能够做某事”的表达：
be able to do sth. (人)能够做某事
enable sb.to do sth. 能使人做某事
[佳句背诵] The research shows the preschool children are capable of thinking in abstract terms.研究表明，学龄前儿童具有抽象思维的能力。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①People experience differences in physical and mental __________ (capable) depending on the time of day.
②Every student in the class is capable ___ passing the exam.
③His failure in this exam will ______ (able) him to study hard.
◎能力提升——微写作
④你要确保你的声音足够大，以使每个人都能听到。
You just need to make sure that your voice is loud enough _________________
__________．
capability
of
enable
to enable everyone
to hear you
11 draw on/upon凭借，利用
(教材原句)No doubt drawing on his own experiences，Cao Xueqin gives a detailed description of what life was like at that time.曹雪芹无疑是根据自己的经历，详细地描写了当时的生活。
draw near 靠近；临近
draw in (日)渐短；(车、船等)到站
draw out (日)渐长；使畅所欲言
draw up 起草，制定；(车辆等)停下
[佳句背诵] I think you can draw on this account by cheque in payment of goods.
我认为你可用支票提款支付购物费用。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①The train drew __ and all the passengers got off.
②He did not know the true story，so he drew___ his imagination.
③It's important to draw ___ a child's potential capacities.
◎能力提升——微写作
④一旦我们制定了目标，我们应该坚持下去，直到我们完成它。
Once ______________________，we should stick to them until we complete them.
in
on
out
our goals are drawn up
维度一 单词拼写
1．Can you guess the meaning of the word from the _______(上下文)
2．I did hear that the Bank of England had ______(发行) two notes in this amount.
3．Asia，though still far behind，is narrowing the ____(差距).
4．I received a letter __________ (含有) some important information about the project.
5．She already had a lot of experience and _________ (因此)seemed the best candidate for the job.
context
issued
gap
containing
therefore
随堂演练
维度二 单句语法填空
1．During the discussion he draw ________ historical evidence to support his point of view.
2．He appealed ___voters to go to the polls(投票处) tomorrow.
3．It is of great ____________ (significant) that he changed his will only days before his death.
4．Below is a ___________ (describe) of a simple scientific experiment.
5．Can you see the __________ (reflect) in the glass
upon/on
to
significance
description
reflection
维度三 完成句子
1．一天，奶牛正在吃草，那时突然开始下起了大雨。(be doing...when...)
One day，the cow _______________________________________．
2．站在桌旁的是他的妻子。(完全倒装)
____________________ his wife.
3．那时候我们已到了黑人读者比白人读者还要多的阶段。(where引导定语从句)
At that time __________________________ we had more black readers than white ones.
was eating grass when it began to rain heavily
Beside the table stands
we had reached a point where
返回
课时精练
维度一 根据汉语或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式
1．Don't be so _________(敏感的)—I am not speaking ill of you.
2．The program is designed to ______(吸引) to the teenagers.
3．The museum ________(含有) a collection of valuable cultural relics.
4．Set a ________(明确的) aim and try our best for it，and we will certainly achieve it.
5．The purpose of the literature activity was to _______(唤起) the interest in foreign culture.
6．The main _______(特色，特征) of the author's works is the use of his own experience.
基础达标
sensitive
appeal
contains
specific
awaken
feature
7．The lecture aims to help students know more about modern Chinese __________(文学，文学作品).
8．It rained and t________ the significant performance was postponed.
9．Li Bai was a great poet，whose poems r________ the beauty of nature.
10．We are working on narrowing the g___ between the rich and the poor.
literature
herefore
eflected
ap
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．Equipped with arms，the soldiers determined ________ (fight) against the terrorists.
2．The president was devoted to ________ (create) a peaceful world.
3．Tony，you should reflect ________ what you did during your English class.
4．You reach a point _____ medicine can't help.
5．I believe my son is capable __ being admitted to Zhejiang University.
6．It creates an atmosphere which visitors find so _________ (appeal).
7．Mike shows great _____________(determine) to learn English.
8．On no account can we ignore the ____________ (significant) of education.
to fight
creating
on/upon
where
of
appealing
determination
significance
维度三 完成句子
1．这位教授毕生致力于研究艾滋病的治疗方法。(devote)
The professor ______________________________ the treatment of AIDS.
2．我正要出去，这时有人来拜访我。(be about to do...when)
I ________________________ someone came to visit me.
3．这个年轻人陷入了一个不得不求助他人的境地。(where引导定语从句)
The young man got into a situation _________________________________．
devoted all his life to researching
was about to go out when
where he had to turn to others for help
4．为了改变这种糟糕的状况，他决心找一份兼职工作。(determine)
To change the terrible situation，___________________________________．
5．让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。(what引导主语从句)
_________________ was not what he said but the way that he said it.
he was determined to find a part-time job
What surprised me
维度四 课文语法填空
We can get a lot of benefits 1._____ reading literature，as reading literature 2._______(create) a world of dreams and magic for us.3.________ (enjoy) and understand literature，we should know some of its 4.___________ (significance) qualities.The first is its description of truth and beauty 5.___________ will remain unnoticed 6.______ some sensitive human souls bring them to our attention.The second quality is 7.___(it) appeal to our feelings and imagination.The third is its permanence，which contains two elements：universal interest and 8.________(person) style.In summary，literature is the 9.__________(express) of life in forms of truth and beauty，the 10._______ (write) record of man's thoughts and feelings，and the history of the human soul.
from
creates
To enjoy
significant
which/that
unless
its
personal
expression
written
素能提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
There are many different types of poems.
Many people have heard about haiku.In fact，most of us are taught at one point or another—usually in elementary school or high school—to write one of our very own.Actually，haiku is a form of poetry made up of three non-rhyming lines.They often express feelings and thoughts about nature； however，you could write a poem about any subject you like in this form.
One of the poetic favorites is pastoral(田园的)poetry because it means wonderful senses of peace and harmony.Examples of this form include Keats's Ode on a Grecian Urn.Like the haiku，nature is often at the center of this type of poem as well.In general，pastoral poetry will focus on describing a rural(乡村的)place，but the terms will be peaceful.You feel at ease after reading this type of poem.Many pastoral poems are written about shepherds.
Are you familiar with the term“ballad”？Probably you are，because people sometimes refer to songs—particularly romantic ones—as ballads.In fact，ballad poems are frequently sung or at least they are intended to be sung，and they are often about love.Often，these ballads will tell stories and they tend to be of a mystical nature.
A limerick is a poem that is often silly or funny，written in five lines with AABBA rhyme(押韵).Often，a limerick tells a short，humorous story.This type of poem has been popular for hundreds of years，particularly in the English language.When limericks first became popular，they often expressed ideas that were dirty，but today limericks express all sorts of ideas.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同种类的诗歌。
1．What do we learn about haiku poems
A．They rhyme.
B．They're very short.
C．They have seven lines.
D．They're hard to write.
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细节理解题。根据第二段可知，实际上，俳句是一种由三行不押韵的诗句组成的诗歌形式。即俳句是非常短的诗歌形式。故选B。
2．How do poems like Ode on a Grecian Urn most probably sound
A．Funny. B．Sad.
C．Relaxing. D．Encouraging.
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推理判断题。根据第三段前两句可知，田园诗是最受欢迎的诗歌之一，因为它意味着美妙的和平与和谐的感觉。这种形式的例子包括济慈的诗歌《希腊古瓮颂》。再根据第三段后半部分可知，一般来说，田园诗的重点是描述一个乡村，但用词是平和的。读过这类诗之后，你会感到轻松自在。由此可知，《希腊古瓮颂》是一首田园诗，所以这种诗歌让人感到轻松自在。故选C。
3．Who are most likely to write limericks
A．Song writers.
B．Famous poets.
C．Humorous people.
D．People admiring nature.
推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，五行打油诗通常讲述一个短小幽默的故事。由此可推知，幽默的人最有可能写五行打油诗。故选C。
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4．What's the best title for the passage
A．Topics of Poems B．History of Poems
C．Origin of Poems D．Forms of Poems
标题归纳题。阅读文章内容，并根据第一段“There are many different types of poems.”可知，本文介绍了不同种类的诗歌，“诗歌的形式”最适合作文章标题。故选D。
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B
Preparing for a medical emergency involving your pet is always best accomplished before the event takes place.This series is designed to help guide you through the important decisions about first aid，as well as how and when to transport your pet quickly and safely to a veterinary hospital or emergency access.
has provided this complete reference book online for you to skim through，expanding your knowledge of the dog's and cat's first aid.However，we encourage you to buy the book to keep in your home or car as a quick reference during an emergency.
This book is an emergency preparedness ready reference for dogs and cats. Wise preventive measures，intelligent use of first aid principles，coupled with recognition of abnormal symptoms and treatment of disorders，diseases，and problems，lead to effective health care.
A working knowledge of this information will help you get rid of some potentially dangerous circumstances and help you prepare for emergency situations.
It includes information on what to do and what not to do in specific emergency situations.The authors encourage careful reading and occasional rereading.We have tried to make this book easy to understand，avoiding technical terms as often as possible，but defining them in context when they are necessary.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。如果你的宠物狗或猫生病了或需要实施急救怎么办？文章给你推荐了一本既可以在网上浏览也可以购买的参考书。
5．What's the purpose of this passage
A．To introduce a book，a reference about first aid for dogs and cats.
B．To introduce a website.
C．To introduce a working knowledge.
D．To encourage careful reading.
写作目的题。纵观全文可以看出，文章介绍了一本(可以在网上浏览，也可以购买的)关于宠物狗、宠物猫疾病诊断及急救的参考书。
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6．Why are we advised to buy the book
A．Because it's very cheap.
B．Because it contains a working knowledge of information about dogs and cats.
C．Because it contains information on specific emergency situations.
D．Because you can keep it at hand and find knowledge of the dog's or cat's first aid in case of an emergency.
细节理解题。由第二段可知，如果买下这本书放在家里或者车里，就可以在狗或猫遇到紧急情况的时候，在书中查阅到有关知识，以便实施急救。
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细节理解题。由最后一段可知，该书理解起来不容易，由此判断C项表述错误。
7．Which is NOT true about the book
A．It can enlarge the readers' knowledge of the dog's and cat's first aid.
B．It contains the knowledge of recognition of abnormal symptoms of dogs and cats.
C．Although it contains a lot of technical terms，it is easy to understand.
D．You can read it on .
√
8．What does the underlined word “veterinary” mean in Paragraph 1
A．应急的 B．兽医的
C．紧急的 D．资助的
词义猜测题。由前文的“transport your pet...to...(将你的宠物送到……)”可知动物病了，肯定是送到宠物医院，所以该单词的意思是“兽医的”。
√
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
The American book Who Moved My Cheese has been a bestseller all over the world.It tells a story which happened between mice and people. 1
The book tells us that when facing changes in our lives，like a new school or new friends，don't be afraid. 2 The book gives an example of a change at school.A school is changing from having two terms to three terms because there are too many students.Several teenagers are talking about this. Most of them are unhappy and worried.But Chris laughs and tells a story about two mice，two little people and some cheese.
The four are in a maze (迷宫) looking for the cheese.Here，cheese means something important in life，like moving to a new class or getting into college. 3 The mice realize that they can't change what has happened and have to find more cheese.This means finding different dreams.The little people，however，can't do this. 4
After Chris finishes the story，his friends understand one thing： 5 His friends understand how this can be used in the changes all teenagers face，such as doing well at school or having good relationships or just feeling good about yourself.
A．I bought one last week and found it very interesting.
B．Instead，use these changes to make a better life.
C．However，some strange things happened in a school.
D．Its author Spencer Johnson has written the book just for teenagers.
E．To get more cheese，move in a new direction quickly.
F．But they find the cheese is gone.
G．They are afraid of the change so they find no cheese.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本美国畅销书《谁动了我的奶酪？ 》。
The American book Who Moved My Cheese has been a bestseller all over the world.It tells a story which happened between mice and people.__________
___________________________________________________
D．Its author Spencer Johnson has written the book just for teenagers.
前文提到“《谁动了我的奶酪？ 》讲述了一个发生在老鼠和人之间的故事。”是该书的内容简介，D选项“该书的作者斯宾塞·约翰逊专门为青少年写了这本书。”为本书作者的介绍，与前文对应。故选D项。
The book tells us that when facing changes in our lives，like a new school or new friends，don't be afraid.______________________________________
_________The book gives an example of a change at school.A school is changing from having two terms to three terms because there are too many students.Several teenagers are talking about this.Most of them are unhappy and worried.But Chris laughs and tells a story about two mice，two little people and some cheese.
B．Instead，use these changes to make a
better life.
前文提到“这本书告诉我们，当我们面对生活中的变化时，比如新学校或新朋友，不要害怕。”B项“取而代之的是，利用这些变化来创造更好的生活。”与前文的变化对应，“changes”与前文呼应。故选B项。
The four are in a maze (迷宫) looking for the cheese.Here，cheese means something important in life，like moving to a new class or getting into college. _______________________________The mice realize that they can't change what has happened and have to find more cheese.This means finding different dreams.The little people，however，can't do this.
F．But they find the cheese is gone.
前文提到“在这里，奶酪意味着生活中重要的事情，比如搬到一个新的班级或进入大学。”生活中出现了新变化，奶酪自然就不见了，后文提到“必须找到更多的奶酪。”F项“但是他们发现奶酪不见了。”承上启下。故选F项。
The mice realize that they can't change what has happened and have to find more cheese.This means finding different dreams.The little people，however，can't do this._______________________________________________
G．They are afraid of the change so they find no cheese.
前文提到“小人找不到奶酪”，G项“他们害怕变化，所以找不到奶酪。”解释前文小人找不到奶酪的原因。故选G项。
After Chris finishes the story，his friends understand one thing：_______
__________________________________________ His friends understand how this can be used in the changes all teenagers face，such as doing well at school or having good relationships or just feeling good about yourself.
E．To get more cheese，move in a new direction quickly.
根据空格前文可知，此处总结文章主旨，结合全文可知，当生活中出现变化时，我们需要快速融入环境。E项“为了得到更多的奶酪，快速地朝新的方向前进。”与文章的主旨相对应。故选E项。
Ⅲ.完形填空
When I was in high school，I watched as many of my friends got excited about applying to universities，eagerly waited for the results，and happily shared which four-year university they were going to attend.
I never experienced anything like that，because I was going to a community college，a place I've 1 a lot.It's a place for people who aren't sure what they want to do or those who were not 2 in high school.I felt some jealousy when my friends went away to universities.In the end， 3 ，community college turned out to be a great place for me.
I 4 English as my main subject，and many of my professors were writers who were passionate about what they are doing.My class was 5 ，with only 16 students，and it allowed me to get close to my professors and get 6 regularly. Having professors who really knew me brought 7 like being able to edit the magazine，organize student poem reading，and be 8 in writing competitions on campus.Although in the first year I sometimes felt 9 for not having the traditional university experience，I was so glad that I was close to home to have the 10 of my family.
I got all of my units done quickly and was able to graduate a term earlier，which 11 me an extraordinary amount of money and time.I'm so 12 that I can get a jump on finishing college，stay close to my family，have 13 relationships with professors.I got a great education and was 14 prepared for my work.There are many ways to finish school，and everyone has to decide what's 15 for them.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了自己去社区大学前后心态的转变以及在社区大学的亲身经历，告诉我们完成学业有很多种方法，每个人都必须决定什么对自己是最好的。
1．A．dreamed of B．heard of
C．stopped by D．cared about
2．A．successful B．responsible
C．confident D．independent
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根据下文“It's a place for people who aren't sure what they want to do or those who were not in high school.”可知社区大学是一个我听过很多次的地方。故选B。
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根据“for people who aren't sure what they want to do ”可知社区大学也是为那些在高中不怎么成功的人准备的地方。故选A。
3．A．therefore B．thus
C．however D．besides
4．A．wrote B．studied
C．spoke D．read
√
根据“community college turned out to be a great place for me”可知与上文形成转折，因此要用副词however。故选C。
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根据“as my main subject”可知我学习的专业是英语。故选B。
5．A．well-behaved B．newly set-up
C．mixed-graded D．small-sized
6．A．jobs B．presentations
C．advice D．entertainment
√
根据“with only 16 students”可知班级规模很小。故选D。
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根据“and it allowed me to get close to my professors ”可知我可以经常从教授那里得到建议。故选C。
7．A．opportunities B．risks
C．choices D．services
8．A．active B．patient
C．interesting D．gifted
根据“like being able to edit the magazine，organize student poem reading...”可知是获得了许多机会。故选A。
短语be active in“对……很积极，积极参加”，根据“like being able to edit the magazine，organize student poem reading...”可知我还积极参加校园写作比赛。故选A。
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9．A．stressed B．nervous
C．relieved D．regretful
10．A．support B．expectation
C．spirit D．belief
根据“ in the first year”和上文“ I felt some jealousy when my friends went away to universities.”可知在第一年我有时会为没有传统的大学经历而感到遗憾。故选D。
根据“I was so glad that...”可知还有家人的支持。故选A。
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11．A．gave B．saved
C．cost D．prepared
12．A．surprised B．thankful
C．certain D．relaxed
根据“I got all of my units done quickly and was able to graduate a term earlier”可知这为我节省了大量的金钱和时间。故选B。
根据“...I can get a jump on finishing college，stay close to my family...”可知对此我很感激。故选B。
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13．A．formal B．serious
C．nervous D．strong
14．A．never B．almost
C．hardly D．fully
根据上文“...and it allowed me to get close to my professors and get regularly”可知我与教授们关系很好。故选D。
短语be fully prepared for“为……做好充分准备”，根据“I got a great education ”可知也为工作做好了充分的准备。故选D。
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15．A．toughest B．happiest
C．best D．luckiest
根据“and everyone has to decide”以及上文作者的经历，可知每个人都必须决定什么对自己是最好的。故选C。
返回
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谢 谢 观 看
UNIT 4 Exploring literature
