Unit 4 Natural Disasters 重点词句清单-2025-2026学年人教版高中英语必修第一册

必一 Unit4 Natural Disasters 重点词句讲义
词形转换
disaster n.灾难；灾害→disastrous adj.灾难性的
rescue n.&vt.营救；救援→rescuer n.救援者
destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭→destruction n.摧毁；毁灭→ destructive adj. 破坏(或毁灭)性
die vi. &vt. 死 →death n.死；死亡；死亡事件→dead adj.死的→deadly adj.致命的
affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→affection n.喜爱
shelter n.避难处vt.保护vi.躲避(风雨或危险)→sheltered adj.有遮蔽物的;受庇护的
ruin n. &v. 破坏；毁坏→ruins n.废墟；残垣断壁→ruinedadj.毁坏的；严重受损的
shock n.震惊v.(使)震惊→shocking adj.使人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊的
electricity n.电；电→electric adj.电的；用电的；电动的→electronic adj.电子的
breath n.呼吸→breathe vi. &vt.呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的;上气不接下气的
effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力→effortless adj.不需费力的；容易的
wise adj.充满智慧的；明智的→wisdomn..智慧；才智
suffer vt.遭受 vi.( 因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→sufferer n.受难者；患病者→suffering n.疼痛；[pl.]痛苦
volcano 火山→volcanic adj.火山的
erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n..爆发；突发
survive vi..生存vt.幸存→survivor n.幸存者；生还者→survival n.生存；幸存
power n.电力供应；能量→powerful adj.强有力的；强大的→powerless adj.无影响力的;无权势的
calm adj. 镇静的vt.使平静→calmly adv.镇定地；平静地→calmness n.平静；镇静
deliver vt.&vi.递送；传送→delivery n.递送；传送；分娩
summary n.总结；概括；概要→summarize vt.&vi.总结；概括
effect n.影响；结果；效果→effective adj.有效的→effectively adv.有效地→effectiveness n.有效性→ineffective adj.无效果的；不起作用的
long adj.长的→length n.长；长度→lengthenv.加长；(使)变长
重点词组和词块（注：有下划线的词组为单词表词组）
Listening and Speaking (P48-P49)
natural disasters 自然灾害
volcanic eruption 火山喷发
Day and night 夜以继日(地)
get away from 从...逃离
the magnitude of the earthquake 地震的等级
flood-hit area 洪灾区
set up shelter建立避难所
flood...with...用·……充满
come/go to one’s rescue来/去营救某人
do/cause damage to对.....造成损
Reading and Thinking(P50-P51)
be damaged in an earthquake 在地震中受损
be unsafe to drink 喝着不安全
get severely injured 严重受伤
at least(=at the least) 至少
smelly gas 难闻的气味
run out of从……跑出来
as usual像往常一样；照例
as if似乎；好像；仿佛
come to an end结束
cut across横穿；抄近路穿过
lie in ruins 沦为废墟
nothing but 没有，仅仅
the number of ,,,的数量
a number of 大量的，许多的
blow the bricks away 把砖块吹走
(be ) in shock震惊，吃惊
dig out the trapped挖出被困者
bury the dead掩埋死者
build shelters for the survivors为幸存者建造避难所
start to revive itself开始自我复苏
get up on one’s feet站起来
tireless efforts 不懈努力
be built upon/on the earthquake ruins 建在地震废墟上
be/become a home to是....的家园
in times of disaster 在灾难时刻
stay positive 保持积极的心态
Discovering Useful Structure-Reading for writing (P52-P55)
37.a terrible experience 一次可怕的经历
38.volunteer to help 自愿帮忙
39.provide the supplies to the disaster area 向灾区提供物资
40.collect the supplies from around the country 从全国各地收集物资
41.wake up 醒来；叫醒
42.put up shelters搭建避难所
43.in the open air露天；在户外
44.write a thank-you letter to sb.给某人写感谢信
45. be buried in the ruins被埋在废墟里
46. make a safety list of列一个…的安全清单
47.remember to do sth 记得要做某事
48.remember doing sth 记得做过某事
49.tap on a pipe or whistle for help 轻敲管道或吹口哨寻求帮助
50.keep...from doing sth.【=stop/prevent... ( from)doing sth..】阻止...做某事
51.hold on 坚持
52.cover your head with your hands 用双手捂住头
53. a lucky dog幸运儿
54. give instruction给予指导
55. call an emergency number打紧急电话
56. stay/keep calm保持冷静
57. have an emergency kit prepared备好应急包
58. emergency supplies 应急物资
59.be trapped in a destroyed building被困在一幢被毁的建筑物内
60.keep/have...on hand 持有；现有；随时可取
61.release a news report 发布新闻报道
62.the most powerful earthquake 最强烈的地震
63.in the past 40 years在近40年的时间里
64.crash into撞到；冲入
65.sweep away消灭；彻底消除
66.off the west coast of (= on the west coast of )在…...... 西海岸附近
67. run to safety跑到安全
Assessing Your Progress-Video Time(P56-P58)
rescue worker 救援人员
out of gratitude 出于感激
a symbol of 一个....的象征
suffer from illness 遭受疾病的折磨
重点句子
Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat...(P50 第一段第四行）
鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食...
解析：too...to 太...而不能...（表示否定意义）例. I hate it when she calls me at work-I’m always too busy to carry on a conversation with her. 我讨厌她在工作时给我打电话-我总是太忙了，没时间和她交谈。
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!（P50 第二段第一行）
仿佛世界末日即将来临!
解析：as if（=as though)似乎；好像；仿佛
引导表语从句(sound/look/seem/feel... + as if 表语从句)The dark clouds are gathering quickly. It looks as if it is going train. 乌云正在迅速聚集。看起来好像要下雨了
引导方式状语从句 Marty was so anxious that he felt as if he were sitting on pins and needles.马蒂非常焦虑，他感觉自己如坐针毡。
Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross.（P50第三段第四行）
大多数桥梁不是坍塌了，就是无法安全通行了。
解析：主语+be + adj.(+ for sb.) ) +不定式
句子主语与不定式之间是被动关系，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
该结构中常见的形容词有easy，hard，difficult，impossible，pleasant，interesting，dangerous ，comfortable 等。
动词不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语，并由for引出。
如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则要加上适当的介词。
The Book of Songs is difficult for children under the age of Six to read.《诗经》对六岁以下的孩子来说很难读懂。 The room is pleasant to live in. 这个房间住着很舒适。
Fishermen，tourists，hotels，homes，and cars were swept awayby huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reacheda magnitude of 9.0.(P54 第一段第九行）
渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9.0级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。
解析：过去分词(短语)作定语
过去分词(短语)作定语时，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。它所修饰的名词或代词与之构成被动关系。
单个的过去分词作定语时，常常置于其所修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，常常置于其所修饰的名词之后。例.The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人现在在医院受到良好的照料。
Many students are interested in the story-sharing meeting held by the student union of our school.
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filing my home. (P54第二段16行）
当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。
解析：be doing...when....正在做……，这时(突然)...本句型表示在做某事的同时，突然发生另外一件事。I was watching the football match when he came in.我正在看足球赛，这时他突然进来了。
归纳拓展
be about to do...when...正要做...，这时（突然）...
I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.我正要放弃，这时我的父亲走过来鼓励我坚持下去。
had just done...when...刚做完...,这时（突然）...
Those survivors had just escaped from the damaged house when it fell down.那些幸存者刚刚从被破坏了的房子里逃出来，他就倒塌了。