Unit 16 饮食与文化
训练1
Ⅰ.A
【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章从作者自身经历出发,引出食物浪费的话题,进而阐明食物浪费的危害,作者最后给出了减少食物浪费的措施。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段开头可知,作者尽量留意不浪费食物,但根据下文“But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much…”可知作者最后加班到很晚。然后朋友们打电话邀请作者共进晚餐,于是作者把鸡肉放在冰箱里了。几天过后,芝麻菜坏了。更糟糕的是,作者不假思索地买了太多芝麻菜,因此可知,作者有时无意地浪费了食物。故选B。
2.B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一、二句“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem.”可知,生产无人食用的食物会浪费水、燃料和其他用于种植食物的资源。这就使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题,即食物浪费会对环境造成危害,故选B。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第三句“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.”可知,Curtin是华盛顿DC Central Kitchen的首席执行官,而DC Central Kitchen是回收食物并将其转化为健康的膳食的一家公司,也就是说它将不需要的食物做成饭,故选D项。
4.A 细节理解题。从文章最后一段 Curtin 所说的话“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat…”可知,他认为每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用,无论是在每周购物时不购买超过必要数量的食物,还是要求餐厅不要提供你不会吃的配菜。由此可知A选项(只购买所需的东西)为正确选项。
B
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物和文化之间的联系。
5.A 推理判断题。根据第一段的三个问句以及“There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think.”可知,作者想在第一段中表达食物和文化之间的联系。故选A。
6.A 代词指代题。根据第三段中“On a larger scale, food is an important part of culture. Traditional cuisine is passed down from one generation to the next. It also operates as an expression of cultural identity.”可知,it指代上文traditional cuisine。故选A。
7.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中“In China, harmony is a vital quality in almost every aspect of life. This is reflected in Chinese cuisine, where almost every flavour is used in a balanced way creating delicious dishes with flavours that go well together.”可知,中国菜有丰富的菜肴,风味各异,故选D。
8.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The European colonization of the Americas brought European ingredients and cooking styles to the US.”可知,美洲的欧洲殖民者把他们家乡的烹饪原料和烹饪方式带到了美国。故选B。
Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英式美食炸鱼薯条的诞生过程。
1.D 根据下文“Both Lancashire and London claim to be the first to invent this famous meal.”及下文介绍英式美食炸鱼薯条的诞生过程可知,D项(那么,这道英国菜是如何、什么时候、在哪里产生的呢 )符合题意。
2.B 根据上文“Chips were a cheap, basic food of the industrial north while fried fish was introduced in London’s East End.”和下文“So was born our national dish of fish and chips!”可知,B项(人们很快决定把炸鱼和薯条放在一起。)符合上下文文意。
3.G 根据前文“Both Lancashire and London claim to be the first to invent this famous meal.”和下文“However in London, it is said that Joseph Malin, a Jewish immigrant, opened a fish and chip shop in Cleveland Way…”可知,G项(兰开夏郡的第一家炸鱼薯条店被认为于1863年开业。)符合上下文语境。
4.F 根据上文“Fish and chips became vital to the diet of the ordinary people.”可知,对于普通人来说,炸鱼薯条成为重要的饮食。F项(有些商店不得不雇用门卫来在繁忙时控制排队的人。)承接上文,符合题意。
5.E 根据上文“In 1999, the British consumed nearly 300 million servings of fish and chips. That equates to six servings for every man, woman and child in the country.”可知,英国人很喜欢吃炸鱼薯条,E项(现在在英国大约有8500家炸鱼薯条店。)符合语境。
训练2
Ⅰ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者和妻子的一个传统就是做节日点心,开车在镇上转一圈,给朋友们送去自己做的美食。
1.B 根据下文“…our sweets meant a lot to many.”可知,作者所做的甜食对别人来说意义重大,作者获得了很大的满足感,故选B。imagination想象; satisfaction满足; sympathy同情; declaration宣布。
2.A 根据下文“Her husband, who had been…continuous medical obstacles, had just fallen and broken his hip, and needed a(n)…”可知,作者的朋友的丈夫遇到了意外,这让作者的朋友很难过,但是作者的甜食给她带来了安慰,甜食和机会产生了很意外的联系,故选A。connection联系; behaviour行为; observation观察; assignment分派。
3.C 根据本句“…before she was ready to go to sleep.”可知,邻居睡觉之前作者肯定需要送到点心,那么也就是要出现在邻居家门口,故选C。take in吸收,欺骗; throw out扔掉; show up出现;break down破裂。
4.D 根据前文“drive around town to deliver them”可知,作者是为城镇周围的人送点心,因此此处指邻居,故选D。doctor医生; boss老板; colleague同事; neighbour邻居。
5.B 根据“expecting something”可知,前面的事情应该已经做完了,所以应该是已经吃完饭了,故选B。check检查; finish完成; purchase购买; order点(菜)。
6.A 根据“just…dinner”及下文“…our sweets meant a lot to many.”可知,作者的朋友们期待吃点甜食。故填A。sweet甜的; cheap便宜的; expensive昂贵的; beautiful美丽的。
7.C 根据下文“…our sweets meant a lot to many.”可知,作者做的节日点心是有意义的;再根据“our surprise”是一个例子可知,这里邻居在网上讨论的应该是圣诞节意味着什么,故选C。admit承认; demand要求; mean意味着; command命令。
8.A 根据“our surprise”以及“…what Christmas…”可知,作者送的点心对于邻居来说是完美的例子,说明了圣诞节意味着什么,故选A。perfect完美的; mysterious神秘的; boring无聊的; stubborn顽固的。
9.C 根据前文“One friend was not at home when we called.”可知,作者是在打电话告知朋友,故选C。write写; yell叫喊; ring给……打电话; sob抽噎。
10.B 根据前文“make holiday snacks and drive around town to deliver them”可知,作者要留下的是点心,故选B。pressure压力; snack点心; chance机会; information信息。
11.D 根据本句“She told us she was on her way…”以及“She said that she really needed a hug.”可知,她还没有回来,问作者是否可以等一下她,给她一个拥抱,故选D。pass通过; live居住; leave离开; wait等待。
12.D 根据“She told us she was on her way…”可知,她在返回家的路上,说明她是从其他地方返回来的,故选D。reserve保留; travel旅游; recover恢复; return返回。
13.B 根据本句“continuous medical obstacles”可知,这是一件不好的事情,说明她的丈夫身体有问题,故选B。settle定居; suffer遭受; enjoy享受; pick选择。
14.C 根据本句“broken his hip”可知,需要进行的是手术,故选C。occasion场合; honour荣耀; operation手术; gesture手势。
15.D 根据前文“We gave her hugs.”可知,作者给了朋友安慰和支持,故选D。sponsor赞助; attract吸引; embarrass使尴尬; support支持。
Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国菜的历史、评价标准以及富有中国特色的饮食文化。
1.and 考查连词。上文的the endless variety of natural materials以及空后的methods of preparation employed in Chinese cuisine共同担当本句的主语,为并列关系,所以用连词and。故填and。
2.universal 考查形容词。修饰名词popularity,用形容词形式。故填universal。
3.which 考查定语从句。句中先行词为the three key elements,在非限制性定语从句中作介词by的宾语,只能用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4.activities 考查名词复数。根据上文的a series of可知,其后名词为可数名词的复数形式。故填activities。
5.consists 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上文的are often surprised可知,本句时态为一般现在时;主语为a typical dinner,是单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;动词短语consist of无被动语态。故填consists。
6.are served 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知,本句为一般现在时;主语为beer and wine,两种东西,视作复数,且和动词serve之间存在被动关系。所以空处为一般现在时的被动语态。故填are served。
7.to convey 考查非谓语动词。句中用不定式作目的状语,表示“为了”。故填to convey。
8.However/Nevertheless 考查副词。上文意为“在互相敬酒时,人们通常会把酒喝干,以表示他们是真诚和快乐的。”;而结合下文“对于外宾来说,喝一点而不是喝光是可以接受的。”可知,上下文之间存在转折关系,空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填However/Nevertheless。
9.particularly 考查副词。修饰形容词strange用副词形式。故填particularly。
10.taken 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词,所以空处用非谓语动词形式。句中fine food and good drink与take之间存在被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填taken。Unit 16 饮食与文化
训练1
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
( )1.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A.We pay little attention to food waste.
B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
C.We waste more vegetables than meat.
D.We have good reasons for wasting food.
( )2.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A.Moral decline.
B.Environmental harm.
C.Energy shortage.
D.Worldwide starvation.
( )3.What does Curtin’s company do
A.It produces kitchen equipment.
B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C.It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.
( )4.What does Curtin suggest people do
A.Buy only what is needed.
B.Reduce food consumption.
C.Go shopping once a week.
D.Eat in restaurants less often.
B
Have you ever wondered what the food you eat every day can tell you about where you come from Have you ever wondered why people from different parts of the world eat different types of food Do you ever ask yourself why certain foods or culinary (烹饪的) traditions are so important to your culture There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think.
On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our cultures. It becomes a part of who each of us is. Many of us associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us.
On a larger scale, food is an important part of culture. Traditional cuisine is passed down from one generation to the next. It also operates as an expression of cultural identity. Immigrants bring the food of their countries with them wherever they go and cooking traditional food is a way of preserving their culture when they move to new places.
In China, harmony is a vital quality in almost every aspect of life. This is reflected in Chinese cuisine, where almost every flavour is used in a balanced way creating delicious dishes with flavours that go well together. The cuisine of the United States also reflects its history. The European colonization of the Americas brought European ingredients and cooking styles to the US.
As the world becomes more globalized, it is easier to access cuisines from different cultures. We should embrace our heritage(传统)through our culture’s food but we should also become more informed about other cultures by trying their foods. It’s important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it.
( )5.What does the author want to express in Paragraph 1
A.A link between food and culture.
B.Connections between food and the growth of people.
C.Different types of food.
D.Concerns about food and culture.
( )6.What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.Traditional food.
B.Traditional culture.
C.One generation.
D.Childhood.
( )7.How do people feel about Chinese food
A.It is rich in all kinds of vitamins.
B.It balances the dishes of different countries.
C.It is extremely crucial to balance people’s daily life.
D.It contains abundant dishes with various flavours.
( )8.What can we learn about food from this passage
A.It binds us to the society, holding a special and personal value for us.
B.The European colonists in the Americas brought the ingredients and cooking styles from their hometown to the US.
C.In Chinese culture, harmony in cuisine is of little significance.
D.We should refuse the cuisines in other cultures.
Ⅱ 阅读七选五
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ahh… Fish, chips and mushy peas! There is nothing more British than fish and chips. Freshly cooked, boiling hot fish and chips, topped with salt and seasoned with vinegar, packed in newspaper and eaten out of doors on a cold and wintry day—it simply cannot be beaten!
1. Both Lancashire and London claim to be the first to invent this famous meal. Chips were a cheap, basic food of the industrial north while fried fish was introduced in London’s East End. 2. So was born our national dish of fish and chips!
3. Mr Lees sold fish and chips from a wooden shelter in the market. Later he moved the business to a permanent shop across the road. However in London, it is said that Joseph Malin, a Jewish immigrant, opened a fish and chip shop in Cleveland Way within the sound of Bow Bells in the 1860s.
Fish and chip shops were originally small family businesses, often run from the front room of the house and were commonplace by the late 19th century. Through the latter part of the 19th century and well into the 20th century, the fish and chip trade expanded greatly to satisfy the needs of the growing industrial population of Great Britain. Fish and chips became vital to the diet of the ordinary people. 4.
In 1999, the British consumed nearly 300 million servings of fish and chips. That equates to six servings for every man, woman and child in the country. 5. That’s eight for every one Burger King restaurant, making British fish and chips the nation’s favourite takeaway.
A.It quickly became a favourite of the workers.
B.People soon decided to put fried fish and chips together.
C.John Lees owned a restaurant and sold the famous pairing.
D.So how, when and where did this British dish come about
E.There are now around 8,500 fish and chip shops across the UK.
F.Some shops had to employ doormen to control the queue at busy times.
G.The first fish and chip shop in Lancashire is thought to have opened in 1863.
训练2
Ⅰ 完形填空
A tradition for my wife and me is to make holiday snacks and drive around town to deliver them to about 15 friends. We do this over two days and gain a lot of 1 , seeing people and wishing them well. Last night kindness had a strange 2 with opportunity.
First, we 3 to deliver treats to our 95-year-old 4 right before she was ready to go to sleep. Next, we delivered treats to friends who had just 5 dinner and were expecting something 6 to eat. An eighty-five-year-old neighbour was talking with friends online about what Christmas 7 and he said that our surprise was the 8 example.
One friend was not at home when we called. She was cool on the phone when we 9 to let her know we were leaving some 10 for her. She told us she was on her way and asked if we would 11 . She said that she really needed a hug. She told us that she had just 12 from the ER (急诊室). Her husband, who had been 13 continuous medical obstacles, had just fallen and broken his hip, and needed a(n) 14 . We gave her hugs. From being a perfect dessert after a good meal to 15 a friend who was worried about her husband, our sweets meant a lot to many.
( )1.A.imagination B.satisfaction
C.sympathy D.declaration
( )2.A.connection B.behaviour
C.observation D.assignment
( )3.A.took in B.threw out
C.showed up D.broke down
( )4.A.doctor B.boss
C.colleague D.neighbour
( )5.A.checked B.finished
C.purchased D.ordered
( )6.A.sweet B.cheap
C.expensive D.beautiful
( )7.A.admitted B.demanded
C.meant D.commanded
( )8.A.perfect B.mysterious
C.boring D.stubborn
( )9.A.wrote B.yelled
C.rang D.sobbed
( )10.A.pressure B.snacks
C.chances D.information
( )11.A.pass B.live
C.leave D.wait
( )12.A.reserved B.travelled
C.recovered D.returned
( )13.A.settling B.suffering
C.enjoying D.picking
( )14.A.occasion B.honour
C.operation D.gesture
( )15.A.sponsoring B.attracting
C.embarrassing D.supporting
Ⅱ 语法填空
With five thousand years of creative efforts, the Chinese cuisine has become increasingly popular. Modern China enjoys a worldwide reputation as the “kingdom of cuisine”.
The endless variety of natural materials 1. methods of preparation employed in Chinese cuisine stand out unequaled in the world, which may account for the 2. (universe) popularity of Chinese restaurants and cooking overseas. The three key elements, by 3. Chinese cooking is judged, are known as “colour, aroma and taste”. They are achieved by combining a series of delicate 4. (activity).
Visitors to China are often surprised when a typical diner for a table of eight people 5. (consist) of cold and hot dishes, with soup and steamed rice. Often beer and wine 6. (serve) as well. When toasting each other, people usually dry up their glasses 7. (convey) the message that they are sincere and joyful. 8. , it is quite acceptable for a foreign guest to take a little instead of emptying the glass. While the custom strikes a foreign visitor as 9. (particular) strange, it shows one key aspect that fine food and good drink, 10. (take) in the company of good friends, make up one of our supreme pleasures in life.
