一般现在时
语法点1. 一般现在时的定义
一般现在时运用语境：
表示习惯性、经常性的动作（日常生活等）
e.g. I often go to school early in the morning.
我经常早上很早去上学
表示客观事实和普遍真理（数理化、天文、地理等）
e.g. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东方升起，从西方落下
表示现在存在的状态（能力、情绪、职业等）
e.g. My father is a worker.
我的爸爸是一名工人
语法点2. 一般现在时的形式
谓语动词是be动词
肯定句 I am... He / She / It is... We / You / They are...
疑问句 Am I... Is he / she / it... Are we / you / they...
否定句 I am not... He / She / It is not... We / You / They are not...
谓语动词是实义动词（以eat为例）
肯定句 I eat. He / She / It eats. We / You / They eat.
疑问句 Do I eat Does he / she / it eat Do we / you / they eat
否定句 I don’t eat. He / She / It doesn’t eat. We / You / They don’t eat.
语法点3. 什么是第一，第二，第三人称
第一人称： “我” 和 “我们”
单数：I 我
复数：we 我们
第二人称： “你” 和 “你们”
单数：you 你
复数：you 你们
注：在英语中，you 的单数和复数形式一样
第三人称： “他/她/它” 和 “他们”
单数：he 他；she 她；it 它；my teacher 我的老师；Millie 米莉；his father 他爸爸，等
复数：they 他/她/它们；my classmates 我的同学们；her parents 她的父母，等
【规律总结】
除了I, we, you之外的其他所有的人称都是第三人称
语法点4. 各人称在一般现在时中的动词变化
谓语动词是be动词
人称 主语示例 Be动词 肯定句例句
第一人称 I, we am I am a student. 我是一个学生
第二人称 you, you are You are my friend. 你是我的朋友
第三人称复数 they, the boys are They are in the park. 他们在公园里
第三人称单数 he, she, it, Daniel, a dog is She is from Suzhou. 她来自苏州
谓语动词是实义动词
人称 主语示例 动词规则 肯定句例句
第一人称 I, we 动词原形 I like apples. 我喜欢苹果
第二人称 you, you 动词原形 You study hard. 你（们）努力学习
第三人称复数 they, the boys 动词原形 The boys play football. 男孩子们踢足球
第三人称单数 he, she, it, Daniel, a dog 动词第三人称单数形式 He has lunch. 他吃午饭
语法点5. 一般现在时的助动词Do
助动词do的作用
辅助实义动词（如like, work, eat等）进行否定和疑问
助动词do的形式
第一人称、第二人称、第三人称复数 → do
e.g. I don’t like it.
我不喜欢它
第三人称单数 → does
e.g. Does she like it
她喜欢它吗？
【注】在否定句和疑问句中，do跟随人称进行变化后，后面的动词必须为原形
e.g. He doesn’t play basketball.
他不打篮球
e.g. Does you father work today
你爸爸今天上班吗？
语法点6. 实义动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则（三单）
规则 变化方式 三单形式
绝大多数动词 直接加 -s work → works use → uses like → likes
以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾 加 -es fix → fixes wash → washes teach → teaches do → does
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾 y变为i，再加 -es study → studies carry → carries fly → flies
以“元音字母 + y”结尾 直接加 -s play → plays buy → buys
特殊变化 单独记忆 have → has be → is
语法点7. 一般现在时的否定形式
含有be动词的否定句
在be动词后直接加not
e.g. I am not a teacher.
我不是一名老师
e.g. He is not at home.
他不在家
e.g. They are not my classmates.
他们不是我的同班同学
【注】缩写形式
I am not... = I’m not...
He is not... = He’s not...
They are not... = They’re not...
含有实义动词的否定句
先确定助动词的形式do / does，再加not，动词用原形
e.g. I do not like coffee.
我不喜欢咖啡
【注】缩写形式
I do not... = I don’t
She does not... = She doesn’t
语法点8. 一般现在时的疑问形式
含有be动词的疑问句
将be动词（is, am, are）提到句首
e.g. Am I late
我迟到了吗？
e.g. Is she a doctor
她是一位医生吗？
e.g. Are you students
你们是学生吗？
含有实义动词的疑问句
在句首加助动词do或does（根据人称）
e.g. Do you like English
你喜欢英语吗？
e.g. Does he eat apples
他吃苹果吗？
语法点9. 一般现在时的使用场景
表示现在经常发生或习惯性的动作，常与表示时间或频率副词的状语连用
e.g. She usually gets up at 6:30
她通常在6:30起床
表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等
e.g. He likes meat, but he doesn’t eat vegetables.
他喜欢肉类，但是他不吃蔬菜
表示客观真理（永远为一般现在时）
e.g. The earth is round.
地球是圆的
表示按照时刻表或安排等预计要发生的动作，局限于表示“来，去，开始，停止”等意义的词
e.g. The train arrives at 10:00.
火车在10:00到达（火车每天以相同的时刻表时间到达，普遍存在，用一般现在时）
*在if. unless. as soon as, when, once, until等引导的时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时（主将从现原则）
e.g. I will call you back as soon as I arrive in Suzhou.
我一到了苏州就会给你回电话
【注】除了主将从现原则之外，还有主情（情态动词）从现，主祈（祈使句）从现
e.g. You can do well in the exam if you study hard.
如果你努力学习，就会在考试中表现的好（can为情态动词）
e.g. Tell me if you arrive home.
如果你到家了就告诉我
语法点10. 一般现在时连用的时间状语（标志词）
often, always, usually, sometimes, every day, seldom, once a week, at weekends, on Mondays, three times a year等
语法专项练习
一、单项选择 (共30题)
My brother ______ TV every evening.
A. watch B. watches C. is watching D. watched
— ______ your sister like English
— Yes, she does.
A. Do B. Does C. Is D. Are
Tom ______ to school by bike.
A. go B. goes C. is going D. went
If it ______ tomorrow, we will stay at home.
A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining
The sun ______ in the east. This is a fact.
A. rise B. rises C. rose D. is rising
— What ______ you usually do on weekends
— I often play football.
A. do B. does C. are D. is
She ______ a lot of friends at school.
A. have B. has C. is having D. had
Mike ______ his homework after school.
A. doesn't do B. don't do C. doesn't does D. don't does
— When ______ your father ______ work
— At 8:00 every morning.
A. do; start B. does; starts C. does; start D. do; starts
I ______ my room every Sunday.
A. clean B. cleans C. am cleaning D. cleaned
He ______ like playing basketball.
A. don't B. doesn't C. isn't D. aren't
— ______ they often go to the park
— Yes, they do.
A. Do B. Does C. Are D. Is
My mother ______ breakfast for me every morning.
A. make B. makes C. is making D. made
We ______ any classes on Sunday.
A. don't have B. doesn't have C. aren't have D. isn't have
— What time ______ your brother get up
— At 6:30.
A. do B. does C. is D. are
She ______ to music after dinner.
A. listen B. listens C. is listening D. listened
I ______ a letter to my friend once a month.
A. write B. writes C. am writing D. wrote
— Where ______ your parents work
— They work in a hospital.
A. do B. does C. are D. is
He ______ his teeth twice a day.
A. brush B. brushes C. is brushing D. brushed
— ______ your father a teacher
— Yes, he is.
A. Do B. Does C. Is D. Are
They ______ to the cinema every Friday.
A. go B. goes C. are going D. went
— How ______ your uncle go to work
— By car.
A. do B. does C. is D. are
My sister ______ swimming very much.
A. like B. likes C. is liking D. liked
— ______ you have a computer
— Yes, I do.
A. Do B. Does C. Are D. Is
He ______ his homework at home.
A. doesn't do B. don't do C. doesn't does D. don't does
— What ______ your mother do
— She is a nurse.
A. do B. does C. is D. are
Everyone in my class ______ English.
A. like B. likes C. is liking D. are liking
Neither I nor my brother ______ playing computer games.
A. enjoy B. enjoys C. are enjoying D. is enjoying
Reading books ______ me relaxed.
A. make B. makes C. are making D. is making
Five days ______ not enough for the trip.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
二、填空题 (共30题)
用所给动词的一般现在时形式填空
She ____________ (like) apples very much.
They ____________ (not go) to school on Sunday.
My father ____________ (watch) TV every evening.
— ______ he ______ (play) football
— Yes, he does.
We ____________ (have) lunch at school.
The cat ____________ (sleep) on the chair.
I ____________ (not like) rainy days.
He ____________ (do) his homework after school.
— ______ they ______ (speak) English
— Yes, they do.
My mother ____________ (cook) dinner for us.
The students ____________ (read) English every morning.
She ____________ (not have) a brother.
— ______ your sister ______ (work) here
— Yes, she does.
They ____________ (play) basketball on the playground.
He ____________ (not live) in Nanjing.
I ____________ (want) to buy a new book.
We ____________ (study) hard at school.
— ______ it ______ (rain) often here
— Yes, it does.
She ____________ (help) her mother at home.
My brother ____________ (not play) computer games.
They ____________ (be) from China.
He ____________ (go) to the park on Sunday.
— ______ you ______ (know) the answer
— Yes, I do.
The dog ____________ (run) fast.
I ____________ (not watch) TV in the morning.
She ____________ (sing) very well.
We ____________ (love) our school.
— ______ he ______ (have) a pen
— Yes, he does.
They ____________ (not do) their homework in the evening.
My father ____________ (drive) a car to work.
三、汉译英 (共10题)
请将下列句子翻译成英语，注意使用一般现在时
我爸爸不喜欢咖啡。
.
她每天步行上学吗？
我们星期天不去公园。
.
鸟儿在天空中飞翔。
.
他经常在晚上读故事书。
.
我们周末经常去公园。
.
你哥哥在哪里工作？
.
他们不说日语。
.
地球绕着太阳转。
.
我妈妈每天做家务。
.
答案与解析
一、单项选择答案与解析
B。主语My brother是第三人称单数，动词用三单形式watches。
B。主语your sister是第三人称单数，疑问句用Does开头。
B。主语Tom是三单，动词用goes。
B。在if引导的条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。主语it是三单，故用rains。
B。"太阳从东方升起"是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The sun是三单，动词用rises。
A。主语you是第二人称，疑问句用Do开头。
B。主语She是三单，动词用has。
A。主语Mike是三单，否定句用doesn't do。
C。主语your father是三单，疑问句用Does开头，后面动词用原形start。
A。主语I是第一人称，动词用原形clean。
B。主语He是三单，否定句用doesn't。
A。主语they是复数，疑问句用Do开头。
B。主语My mother是三单，动词用makes。
A。主语We是第一人称复数，否定句用don't have。
B。主语your brother是三单，疑问句用Does开头。
B。主语She是三单，动词用listens。
A。主语I是第一人称，动词用原形write。
A。主语your parents是复数，疑问句用Do开头。
B。主语He是三单，动词用brushes。
C。此处询问身份，用be动词Is。
A。主语They是复数，动词用原形go。
B。主语your uncle是三单，疑问句用Does开头。
B。主语My sister是三单，动词用likes。
A。主语you是第二人称，疑问句用Do开头。
A。主语He是三单，否定句用doesn't do。
B。询问职业，主语your mother是三单，疑问句用Does开头。
B。不定代词Everyone作主语，视作三单，动词用likes。
B。neither...nor...连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，与my brother一致，用三单形式enjoys。
B。动名词短语Reading books作主语，视作三单，动词用makes。
B。表示时间、金钱、距离的复数名词作主语时，常被视为一个整体，谓语动词用三单形式。
二、填空题答案与解析
likes。主语She是三单。
don't go。主语They是复数。
watches。主语My father是三单。
Does; play。主语he是三单，疑问句用Does，动词用原形play。
have。主语We是复数。
sleeps。主语The cat是三单。
don't like。主语I是第一人称。
does。主语He是三单。
Do; speak。主语they是复数，疑问句用Do，动词用原形speak。
cooks。主语My mother是三单。
read。主语The students是复数。
doesn't have。主语She是三单。
Does; work。主语your sister是三单，疑问句用Does，动词用原形work。
play。主语They是复数。
doesn't live。主语He是三单。
want。主语I是第一人称。
study。主语We是复数。
Does; rain。主语it是三单，疑问句用Does，动词用原形rain。
helps。主语She是三单。
doesn't play。主语My brother是三单。
are。主语They是复数。
goes。主语He是三单。
Do; know。主语you是第二人称，疑问句用Do，动词用原形know。
runs。主语The dog是三单。
don't watch。主语I是第一人称。
sings。主语She是三单。
love。主语We是复数。
Does; have。主语he是三单，疑问句用Does，动词用原形have。
don't do。主语They是复数。
drives。主语My father是三单。
汉译英答案
My father doesn't like coffee.
Does she walk to school every day
We don't go to the park on Sunday.
Birds fly in the sky. (此句描述的是一种普遍的自然现象和客观事实，用一般现在时。主语"Birds"为复数，动词用原形。)
He often reads storybooks in the evening.
We often go to the park on weekends. (此句描述经常性的习惯，用一般现在时。主语"We"是复数，动词用原形"go"。)
Where does your brother work
They don't speak Japanese.
The earth moves around the sun.
My mother does housework every day.一般现在时
语法点1. 一般现在时的定义
一般现在时运用语境：
表示习惯性、经常性的动作（日常生活等）
e.g. I often go to school early in the morning.
我经常早上很早去上学
表示客观事实和普遍真理（数理化、天文、地理等）
e.g. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东方升起，从西方落下
表示现在存在的状态（能力、情绪、职业等）
e.g. My father is a worker.
我的爸爸是一名工人
语法点2. 一般现在时的形式
谓语动词是be动词
肯定句 I am... He / She / It is... We / You / They are...
疑问句 Am I... Is he / she / it... Are we / you / they...
否定句 I am not... He / She / It is not... We / You / They are not...
谓语动词是实义动词（以eat为例）
肯定句 I eat. He / She / It eats. We / You / They eat.
疑问句 Do I eat Does he / she / it eat Do we / you / they eat
否定句 I don’t eat. He / She / It doesn’t eat. We / You / They don’t eat.
语法点3. 什么是第一，第二，第三人称
第一人称： “我” 和 “我们”
单数：I 我
复数：we 我们
第二人称： “你” 和 “你们”
单数：you 你
复数：you 你们
注：在英语中，you 的单数和复数形式一样
第三人称： “他/她/它” 和 “他们”
单数：he 他；she 她；it 它；my teacher 我的老师；Millie 米莉；his father 他爸爸，等
复数：they 他/她/它们；my classmates 我的同学们；her parents 她的父母，等
【规律总结】
除了I, we, you之外的其他所有的人称都是第三人称
语法点4. 各人称在一般现在时中的动词变化
谓语动词是be动词
人称 主语示例 Be动词 肯定句例句
第一人称 I, we am I am a student. 我是一个学生
第二人称 you, you are You are my friend. 你是我的朋友
第三人称复数 they, the boys are They are in the park. 他们在公园里
第三人称单数 he, she, it, Daniel, a dog is She is from Suzhou. 她来自苏州
谓语动词是实义动词
人称 主语示例 动词规则 肯定句例句
第一人称 I, we 动词原形 I like apples. 我喜欢苹果
第二人称 you, you 动词原形 You study hard. 你（们）努力学习
第三人称复数 they, the boys 动词原形 The boys play football. 男孩子们踢足球
第三人称单数 he, she, it, Daniel, a dog 动词第三人称单数形式 He has lunch. 他吃午饭
语法点5. 一般现在时的助动词Do
助动词do的作用
辅助实义动词（如like, work, eat等）进行否定和疑问
助动词do的形式
第一人称、第二人称、第三人称复数 → do
e.g. I don’t like it.
我不喜欢它
第三人称单数 → does
e.g. Does she like it
她喜欢它吗？
【注】在否定句和疑问句中，do跟随人称进行变化后，后面的动词必须为原形
e.g. He doesn’t play basketball.
他不打篮球
e.g. Does you father work today
你爸爸今天上班吗？
语法点6. 实义动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则（三单）
规则 变化方式 三单形式
绝大多数动词 直接加 -s work → works use → uses like → likes
以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾 加 -es fix → fixes wash → washes teach → teaches do → does
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾 y变为i，再加 -es study → studies carry → carries fly → flies
以“元音字母 + y”结尾 直接加 -s play → plays buy → buys
特殊变化 单独记忆 have → has be → is
语法点7. 一般现在时的否定形式
含有be动词的否定句
在be动词后直接加not
e.g. I am not a teacher.
我不是一名老师
e.g. He is not at home.
他不在家
e.g. They are not my classmates.
他们不是我的同班同学
【注】缩写形式
I am not... = I’m not...
He is not... = He’s not...
They are not... = They’re not...
含有实义动词的否定句
先确定助动词的形式do / does，再加not，动词用原形
e.g. I do not like coffee.
我不喜欢咖啡
【注】缩写形式
I do not... = I don’t
She does not... = She doesn’t
语法点8. 一般现在时的疑问形式
含有be动词的疑问句
将be动词（is, am, are）提到句首
e.g. Am I late
我迟到了吗？
e.g. Is she a doctor
她是一位医生吗？
e.g. Are you students
你们是学生吗？
含有实义动词的疑问句
在句首加助动词do或does（根据人称）
e.g. Do you like English
你喜欢英语吗？
e.g. Does he eat apples
他吃苹果吗？
语法点9. 一般现在时的使用场景
表示现在经常发生或习惯性的动作，常与表示时间或频率副词的状语连用
e.g. She usually gets up at 6:30
她通常在6:30起床
表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等
e.g. He likes meat, but he doesn’t eat vegetables.
他喜欢肉类，但是他不吃蔬菜
表示客观真理（永远为一般现在时）
e.g. The earth is round.
地球是圆的
表示按照时刻表或安排等预计要发生的动作，局限于表示“来，去，开始，停止”等意义的词
e.g. The train arrives at 10:00.
火车在10:00到达（火车每天以相同的时刻表时间到达，普遍存在，用一般现在时）
*在if. unless. as soon as, when, once, until等引导的时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时（主将从现原则）
e.g. I will call you back as soon as I arrive in Suzhou.
我一到了苏州就会给你回电话
【注】除了主将从现原则之外，还有主情（情态动词）从现，主祈（祈使句）从现
e.g. You can do well in the exam if you study hard.
如果你努力学习，就会在考试中表现的好（can为情态动词）
e.g. Tell me if you arrive home.
如果你到家了就告诉我
语法点10. 一般现在时连用的时间状语（标志词）
often, always, usually, sometimes, every day, seldom, once a week, at weekends, on Mondays, three times a year等
语法专项练习
一、单项选择 (共30题)
My brother ______ TV every evening.
A. watch B. watches C. is watching D. watched
— ______ your sister like English
— Yes, she does.
A. Do B. Does C. Is D. Are
Tom ______ to school by bike.
A. go B. goes C. is going D. went
If it ______ tomorrow, we will stay at home.
A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining
The sun ______ in the east. This is a fact.
A. rise B. rises C. rose D. is rising
— What ______ you usually do on weekends
— I often play football.
A. do B. does C. are D. is
She ______ a lot of friends at school.
A. have B. has C. is having D. had
Mike ______ his homework after school.
A. doesn't do B. don't do C. doesn't does D. don't does
— When ______ your father ______ work
— At 8:00 every morning.
A. do; start B. does; starts C. does; start D. do; starts
I ______ my room every Sunday.
A. clean B. cleans C. am cleaning D. cleaned
He ______ like playing basketball.
A. don't B. doesn't C. isn't D. aren't
— ______ they often go to the park
— Yes, they do.
A. Do B. Does C. Are D. Is
My mother ______ breakfast for me every morning.
A. make B. makes C. is making D. made
We ______ any classes on Sunday.
A. don't have B. doesn't have C. aren't have D. isn't have
— What time ______ your brother get up
— At 6:30.
A. do B. does C. is D. are
She ______ to music after dinner.
A. listen B. listens C. is listening D. listened
I ______ a letter to my friend once a month.
A. write B. writes C. am writing D. wrote
— Where ______ your parents work
— They work in a hospital.
A. do B. does C. are D. is
He ______ his teeth twice a day.
A. brush B. brushes C. is brushing D. brushed
— ______ your father a teacher
— Yes, he is.
A. Do B. Does C. Is D. Are
They ______ to the cinema every Friday.
A. go B. goes C. are going D. went
— How ______ your uncle go to work
— By car.
A. do B. does C. is D. are
My sister ______ swimming very much.
A. like B. likes C. is liking D. liked
— ______ you have a computer
— Yes, I do.
A. Do B. Does C. Are D. Is
He ______ his homework at home.
A. doesn't do B. don't do C. doesn't does D. don't does
— What ______ your mother do
— She is a nurse.
A. do B. does C. is D. are
Everyone in my class ______ English.
A. like B. likes C. is liking D. are liking
Neither I nor my brother ______ playing computer games.
A. enjoy B. enjoys C. are enjoying D. is enjoying
Reading books ______ me relaxed.
A. make B. makes C. are making D. is making
Five days ______ not enough for the trip.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
二、填空题 (共30题)
用所给动词的一般现在时形式填空
She ____________ (like) apples very much.
They ____________ (not go) to school on Sunday.
My father ____________ (watch) TV every evening.
— ______ he ______ (play) football
— Yes, he does.
We ____________ (have) lunch at school.
The cat ____________ (sleep) on the chair.
I ____________ (not like) rainy days.
He ____________ (do) his homework after school.
— ______ they ______ (speak) English
— Yes, they do.
My mother ____________ (cook) dinner for us.
The students ____________ (read) English every morning.
She ____________ (not have) a brother.
— ______ your sister ______ (work) here
— Yes, she does.
They ____________ (play) basketball on the playground.
He ____________ (not live) in Nanjing.
I ____________ (want) to buy a new book.
We ____________ (study) hard at school.
— ______ it ______ (rain) often here
— Yes, it does.
She ____________ (help) her mother at home.
My brother ____________ (not play) computer games.
They ____________ (be) from China.
He ____________ (go) to the park on Sunday.
— ______ you ______ (know) the answer
— Yes, I do.
The dog ____________ (run) fast.
I ____________ (not watch) TV in the morning.
She ____________ (sing) very well.
We ____________ (love) our school.
— ______ he ______ (have) a pen
— Yes, he does.
They ____________ (not do) their homework in the evening.
My father ____________ (drive) a car to work.
三、汉译英 (共10题)
请将下列句子翻译成英语，注意使用一般现在时
我爸爸不喜欢咖啡。
.
她每天步行上学吗？
我们星期天不去公园。
.
鸟儿在天空中飞翔。
.
他经常在晚上读故事书。
.
我们周末经常去公园。
.
你哥哥在哪里工作？
.
他们不说日语。
.
地球绕着太阳转。
.
我妈妈每天做家务。
.
