Unit 20 科技发展
训练1
Ⅰ.A
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”,引发交通事故的问题,纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer(短信分析器)的技术来识别司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。
1.A 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.”以及第二段中“Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse.”可知,虽然美国大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机,可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”,与此相符。故选A。
2.B 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, e-mailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws.”可知,Textalyzer能够确定司机是否使用了手机发短信、发邮件以及有其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B 选项意为“司机是否使用了手机。”与此相符,故选B。
3.D 代词指代题。根据句中的“We need something on the books that can change people’s behaviour…”可知,something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, ‘people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cellphone’.”可知,人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律时。受到法律的约束和惩罚,司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D。
4.B 主旨大意题。纵观全文,第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机,可是问题却越来越严重”;第三段解释了该行为产生的部分原因;第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法,即利用Textalyzer技术来识别司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机;最后一段讲述的是相关人士呼吁该项技术只有成为法律才能真正改变人们的行为。文章整体是围绕关键字眼“Textalyzer”展开论述的,故从B和D中选。B选项(发短信还是在开车 防范短信分析器。)适合做文章的标题。故选B。D项偏离主题,故排除。
B
【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了科技对人类交流的积极和消极影响。科技在为人类的沟通和交流提供便利的同时,有时也被认为切断了人们与周围人的联系。
5.C 细节理解题。文章第一段中“Specifically, the Internet and mobile devices have completely changed the way people interact with each other.”可知从根本上影响人类互动的因素是移动设备。故选C项。
6.B 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“In business, office employees and managers use technology to send e-mails to one another, which is considered a communication skill.”以及“On social media, just share a few of your images and people start communicating about your images according to their viewpoint.”以及“With the outbreak of COVID-19, in order to work on the projects, the students use their phones to reach their teachers and classmates.”可知,第二段是在三种情况(商业、社交媒体和疫情)中阐述了科技帮助人们构建了更加新的、必要的交流技能。故选B。
7.B 细节理解题。根据第三段“In his research he finds that almost 60 per cent of people feel disconnected from others around when they are on their phones.”可知Lucas发现的内容是:大约60%的人在使用手机时感觉自己与周围的人隔绝。故选B。
8.D 推理判断题。根据第二段“Undoubtedly, technology is helping people build newer and necessary communication skills.(毫无疑问,技术正在帮助人们建立更加新的、必要的沟通技能。)”和第三段首句“However, technology is sometimes considered to disconnect people from others around them.(然而,科技有时被认为切断了人们与周围人的联系。)”可知,作者从正反两方面分析了科技对人类交流产生的影响,因此作者的态度是客观的。故选D。
Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在妈妈85岁生日时送了她一个iPad,自此母亲开始努力学习使用它,想跟上科技发展。
1.E 根据后文“Otherwise, she’d one day find herself in a computerized kitchen, ‘unable to open a can of soup’.(否则,有一天她会发现自己在一个电脑化的厨房里,‘连一罐汤都打不开’。)”可知,母亲认为自己一定要学会使用平板电脑。E选项“And she believed that she must keep up with technology.(并且她认为她必须跟上科技的发展。)”符合题意,故选E。
2.G 根据前文“Our first task was e-mail. She quickly learned the fundamentals.”可知,本段是讲述母亲学习电子邮件的经历。G选项“But she couldn’t see the point of e-mailing when she could phone or visit in person.(但是当她可以打电话或亲自拜访时,她不明白发电子邮件有什么意义。)”符合题意,故选G。
3.D 根据前文“One Saturday she called because she was having trouble logging onto Netflix.(一个周六,她打来电话,因为她无法登录Netflix。)”可知,下文应该讲述作者给母亲解答问题。D选项“I suggested it might require an update.(我的意思是它可能需要更新。)”符合题意,故选D。
4.A 根据后文“So we downloaded the library app and signed her up for an e-card.(所以我们下载了图书馆应用程序,为她注册了一张电子卡片。)”可知,母亲很爱读书。A选项“Mum is a reader.(妈妈是个爱读书的人。)”符合题意,故选A。
5.C 根据后文“‘I’ve made a resolution,’ she announced. ‘I’m going to learn how to operate every piece of technology in the apartment—including the TV remote.’(‘我下定决心了,’她宣布。‘我要学习如何操作公寓里的每一件科技产品——包括电视遥控器。’)”可知,这是母亲在跟作者聊天。C选项“Yesterday, she FaceTimed me.(昨天,她和我视频聊天。)”符合题意,故选C。
训练2
Ⅰ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个女孩送给Rachel一个很特殊的礼物,后来Rachel把这个故事发布到社交媒体上,许多人为之感动,大家纷纷为学校献出爱心。
1.B 根据“one gift from a girl”可知,是学生送给了她很多礼物。shower意为“大量地给”,符合语境。help帮助;comfort安慰;supply提供。
2.A 根据后文中“…as an unusual new year present for her teacher.”可知,尤其是一个女孩送的一件礼物融化了(melt)她的心。cure治愈;change改变;break破坏。
3.C 根据后文“but”可知,这个女孩非常(badly)想送给Rachel点什么,但她没有什么可以给的。hesitantly犹豫不决地;casually随意地;hardly几乎不。
4.A 根据后文“She took…”可知,这个女孩先是打开(open up)谷类早餐食物,然后挑出里面的葡萄干。ask for索要;give away赠送;put aside保留。
5.D 根据本句动作描写“pick every dried grape”可知,她花时间(time)从谷类食物中挑出葡萄干,重新包装,作为送给老师的不同寻常的新年礼物。courage勇气;chance机会;lesson课程。
6.C 根据前文“her free breakfast cereal(谷类食物)”可知,她将葡萄干重新包装(repackage),作为送给老师的不同寻常的新年礼物。unwrap拆开;cook烹饪;separate分离。
7.A 根据前文大意,并结合后文“…hoping to help people gain some…”可知,Rachel在Facebook上发布了这个美好的(nice)故事。funny有趣的;imaginary虚构的;old旧的。
8.B 根据后文“…because even when this youngster had nothing to offer, she was still willing to…”可知,从这个女孩的身上我们可以得知:要对自己所拥有的心怀感激(appreciation)。sympathy同情;confidence信心;desire欲望。
9.B 根据前文提及的女孩送给老师她最喜欢的葡萄干并结合后文“her favourite dried grapes”可知,即使这个孩子没有什么可以给的,她仍然愿意献出(sacrifice)她最喜欢的葡萄干。enjoy喜欢;collect收集;keep保持。
10.C 受到这种美好行为的启发,许多人联系校长进行捐款(donation)。preparation准备工作;appointment约定;requirement要求。
11.D 根据后文“offering gifts to both the students and me”可知,Rachel说,“你们向学生和我提供礼物的慷慨(generosity),以及你们对我们学校的捐款并没有被忽视。我们都深受感动。”curiosity好奇心;trouble困难;experience经历。
12.B 根据后文“We are all deeply moved.”可知,大家的所作所为没有被忽视(unnoticed)。unchecked不受限制的;unexpected意外的;uncovered无覆盖的。
13.D 根据后文“of love”可知,此处指这一友好的、简单的爱的行动(act)。hope希望;word单词;trick诡计。
14.A 根据前文“carry it with you and continue to”可知,要继续向你们遇到的每一个人传播(spread)爱和善意。teach教;explain解释;declare宣布。
15.C 根据第一段中“left for their new year vacation”可知,不仅仅是在这个节日(holiday)期间。graduation毕业;autumn秋天;school学校。
Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一位中国科学家利用中国北方的被动式温室的原理改进加拿大的温室技术,从而节约了能源和取暖费用。
1.is called 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,设空处是从句的谓语部分,动词call与从句主语who指代的scientist之间是被动关系,陈述事实用一般现在时,因而需用一般现在时的被动语态,be动词用第三人称单数形式is。故填is called。
2.to plant 考查非谓语动词。短语use sth to do sth表示“用……去做……”,因而设空处需填入不定式。故填to plant。
3.wasting 考查非谓语动词。without为介词,后面需接动名词形式作宾语。故填wasting。
4.methods 考查名词复数。method为可数名词,此处表示复数含义,故用复数形式,故填methods。
5.commonly 考查副词。设空处修饰过去分词seen,应该用副词形式。故填commonly。
6.An/One 考查冠词或数词。根据语境判断此处修饰第一次出现的名词词组electric motor,应该用不定冠词表示泛指,因为electric以元音音素开头,因而用an,也可用数词one表示“一个”,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填An/One。
7.absorbed 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,句子谓语动词是allows,设空处需填入非谓语形式作heat的后置定语,heat和动词absorb之间是被动关系,因而需填过去分词形式。故填absorbed。
8.In 考查介词。短语in this way表示“用这种方法,这样”,句中缺少介词in,位于句首,首字母大写。故填In。
9.which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为wall,指物,在从句中作主语,因而用which引导。故填which。
10.grew 考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处为句子谓语动词,根据last year可知,用一般过去时,动词grow的过去式是grew。故填grew。Unit 20 科技发展
训练1
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted(分心)driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.”
“Big change requires big ideas,” he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behaviour, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: they want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: an officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, e-mailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws.
“We need something on the books that can change people’s behaviour,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state’s 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cellphone.”
( )1.Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers’ texting in the US
A.Ineffective. B.Unnecessary.
C.Inconsistent. D.Unfair.
( )2.What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out
A.Where a driver came from.
B.Whether a driver used their phone.
C.How fast a driver was going.
D.When a driver arrived at the scene.
( )3.What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to
A.Advice. B.Data.
C.Tests. D.Laws.
( )4.What is a suitable title for the text
A.To drive or not to drive Think before you start
B.Texting and driving Watch out for the Textalyzer
C.New York banning hand-held devices by drivers
D.The next generation cellphone: the Textalyzer
B
Technology is more than an abstract concept associated with advanced tools and systems. It also shapes the way people behave, grow and develop, both within their own lives and in their relationships with others. While technology has developed over thousands of years, the last century has seen an explosion in technology that has influenced fundamental changes in how humans see the world and interact with others. Specifically, the Internet and mobile devices have completely changed the way people interact with each other. There has been a debate going on whether technology is benefiting human communication or ruining it.
Undoubtedly, technology is helping people build newer and necessary communication skills. In business, office employees and managers use technology to send e-mails to one another, which is considered a communication skill. On social media, just share a few of your images and people start communicating about your images according to their viewpoint. With the outbreak of COVID-19, in order to work on the projects, the students use their phones to reach their teachers and classmates.
However, technology is sometimes considered to disconnect people from others around them. With cellphones, most people think that it’s easier and more convenient to text instead of meeting in person. Lucas Lengacher, an undergraduate from Huntington University, claims in his article that at least 42.91% people respond to messages immediately yet only 2.83% people don’t check their phones in the morning. In his research he finds that almost 60 per cent of people feel disconnected from others around when they are on their phones.
( )5.Which has basically influenced human interaction according to the passage
A.People’s value.
B.Social systems.
C.Mobile devices.
D.Communication skills.
( )6.How is the idea of Paragraph 2 supported
A.By analysing data.
B.By providing cases.
C.By defining a concept.
D.By making comparisons.
( )7.What does Lucas’ research find
A.Phones are getting more and more popular.
B.Phones disconnect us when we are together.
C.People are eager for personal communication.
D.People communicate less because of physical distance.
( )8.What is the author’s attitude to technology
A.Disappointed. B.Positive.
C.Doubtful. D.Objective.
Ⅱ 阅读七选五
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For her 85th birthday, I gave my mother an iPad. She’d never used a computer. She had a trying relationship with her TV remote control and a poor track record with her cell.
She was interested in a tablet because she knew people who had them. 1. Otherwise, she’d one day find herself in a computerized kitchen, “unable to open a can of soup”.
Our first task was e-mail. She quickly learned the fundamentals. 2.
Next, we tackled Netflix. Mum was a movie lover with an appetite for thrillers. She was astonished by the amount of thrillers that Netflix has on offer. One Saturday she called because she was having trouble logging onto Netflix. 3. “They probably have fewer people working as it’s a long weekend,” she told me.
She learned to Zoom and FaceTime. She experimented with podcasts. She started e-mailing her grandchildren.
4. So we downloaded the library app and signed her up for an e-card. Now she regularly downloads e-books herself. When they are not immediately available, she puts them on hold and forgets about them.
We speak on the phone every day. Now, we also FaceTime, Zoom and e-mail. She powers through e-books, marveling (惊叹) that she can check them out in the middle of the night. She watches TV series. She knows what’s trending. But she has not yet successfully surfed the Net.
I can’t wait for the day when we can sit down in person and surf the Net together. Meanwhile, it’s great to see how much her confidence has grown. 5. “I’ve made a resolution,” she announced. “I’m going to learn how to operate every piece of technology in the apartment—including the TV remote.”
A.Mum is a reader.
B.Reading is difficult.
C.Yesterday, she FaceTimed me.
D.I suggested it might require an update.
E.And she believed that she must keep up with technology.
F.So it’s apparent that e-mail is by no means important in our daily life.
G.But she couldn’t see the point of e-mailing when she could phone or visit in person.
训练2
Ⅰ 完形填空
The school where Rachel teaches serves free meals to its students. Before her adoring students left for their new year vacation, they 1 her with lots of gifts. But one gift from a girl, in particular, 2 her heart.
This girl wanted to get Rachel something so 3 , but had nothing to give. So rather than offer nothing, she 4 her free breakfast cereal(谷类食物) at school.
She took the 5 to pick every dried grape, the favourite part of her breakfast, out of her cereal and 6 them as an unusual new year present for her teacher.
Rachel posted the 7 story on Facebook, hoping to help people gain some 8 for what they have in their lives—because even when this youngster had nothing to offer, she was still willing to 9 her favourite dried grapes. Inspired by the kind gesture, many people contacted the school headmaster to make 10 .
“It makes me so proud of my kids that they have touched your hearts along with mine,” Rachel said. “Your 11 in offering gifts to both the students and me and your donations to our school have not gone 12 . We are all deeply moved. My wish for all of you is to remember this kind and simple 13 of love from one of my school babies and carry it with you and continue to 14 love and kindness to everyone you meet—not just during this 15 season.”
( )1.A.helped B.showered
C.comforted D.supplied
( )2.A.melted B.cured
C.changed D.broke
( )3.A.hesitantly B.casually
C.badly D.hardly
( )4.A.opened up B.asked for
C.gave away D.put aside
( )5.A.courage B.chance
C.lesson D.time
( )6.A.unwrapped B.cooked
C.repackaged D.separated
( )7.A.nice B.funny
C.imaginary D.old
( )8.A.sympathy B.appreciation
C.confidence D.desire
( )9.A.enjoy B.sacrifice
C.collect D.keep
( )10.A.preparations B.appointments
C.donations D.requirements
( )11.A.curiosity B.trouble
C.experience D.generosity
( )12.A.unchecked B.unnoticed
C.unexpected D.uncovered
( )13.A.hope B.word
C.trick D.act
( )14.A.spread B.teach
C.explain D.declare
( )15.A.graduation B.autumn
C.holiday D.school
Ⅱ 语法填空
A Chinese scientist, who 1. (call) Dong Jianyi, has helped Canadian greenhouse technology move forward, curiously by moving backwards.
He uses only materials and the laws of thermodynamics (热力学) 2. (plant)vegetables even in winter, without 3. (waste) a single watt. His Freshpal Farms is believed to be the largest “passive greenhouse” in Canada.
Growing vegetables in China’s cold north needs special 4. (method), and passive greenhouses that don’t use electricity are 5. (common) seen in that part of the country.
His 300-foot long, 30-foot wide greenhouse is constructed out of a steel frame with two plastic roofs. 6. electric motor allows operators to deal with a special blanket to trap heat 7. (absorb) during the day. 8. this way, the 10,000-square-foot inner space can be kept at 28℃ compared to outside December temperatures of around -7℃.
On the north side lies a 24-inch thick clay wall, 9. catches light more easily from a south-lying sun. At night the clay radiates heat into space, further ensuring the plants can survive winter temperatures that can fall to -35℃.
Last year Dong 10. (grow) 29,000 pounds of tomatoes alone while saving $30,000 in energy and heating costs.
