Section Ⅵ Grammar —— 主谓一致
①Following Jane’s way of studying chimps， our group are all going to visit them in the forest.
②Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.
③Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.
④Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.
⑤Ten hours has passed since I came here.
【我的发现】
1.句①中的group强调成员，故其后谓语动词用 形式；句③中的family和句④中的group强调整体，故其后谓语动词用 形式。
2.句②中的主语为动词-ing形式，故其谓语动词用第三人称 形式。
3.表示时间、距离、金额、度量衡等的名词作主语时，常表示一个整体概念，谓语动词用 形式，如句⑤。
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.动词-ing形式、动词不定式、从句或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
听音乐使我在忙碌了一天之后得到放松。
Everything is in a complete mass， which drives people crazy.
所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。
名师点津
what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。
What he said is far from the truth.
他的话与事实相差太远了。
What the school needs are qualified teachers.
这个学校需要的是合格的老师。
2.主语后跟with， together with， as well as， like， but， except， along with， rather than， including， in addition to等引导的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher as well as his students was very excited.
老师和他的学生们都很兴奋。
I think Tom， rather than you is to blame for the accident.
我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故受到责备。
3.and， both ...and ...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting-room.
她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。
The poet and writer has produced many works.
这位诗人兼作家创作了许多作品。
4.定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
I will always treasure the moments that were full of pleasures.
我将永远珍惜那些充满欢乐的时光。
5.“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each， every， no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.
很多父母都不得不经历同样的痛苦过程。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday.
每个男孩和女孩都希望参加周日举行的聚会。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①She is proud that both her children （has） a gift for music.
②Regular exercise， along with proper diets， （benefit） our health in the long run.
③The scenery on the small island which （be） surrounded by the sea is very beautiful.
④When classical music rather than pop （be） played， diners spent more money.
⑤Men and women （be） unequal in physical strength.
二、意义一致原则
意义一致原则指不论主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作构成集体的每个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family， class， team， group， public， committee， government， audience等。
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.
这个班由25名男生和20名女生组成。
The class are doing experiments.
全班学生都在做实验。
2.个别集体名词，如people， police， cattle等作主语，谓语动词必须用复数形式。
How many people were present at the meeting？
有多少人参加了会议？
The cattle are grazing at the foot of the hill.
牛群正在山脚下吃草。
3.单复数同形的名词作主语时，根据其意义是单数概念还是复数概念来判断谓语用单数还是复数，如means，sheep， deer， works等。
Every means has been tried many times.
每一种办法都已经被尝试过很多次了。
All possible means have been tried many times.
所有可能的方法都试过很多次了。
This works was built in 1982.
这座工厂是1982年建的。
4.单数概念的复数形式名词（如学科、机构、书名、剧名、国名等） 作主语时，谓语通常用单数形式，如：physics，mathematics/maths，economics，politics，gymnastics，the United States，the United Nations，A Dream in Red Mansions， Anderson’s Fairy Tales等。
Mathematics seems to be difficult to me.
数学对我而言似乎很难。
The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book.
《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的书。
5.“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all， some， half， most， the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
About one third of the books are worth reading.
这些书中大约有1/3值得阅读。
Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.
昨天只做了60% 的工作。
All of this is wonderful， but the best part of this film is the acting.
所有这些都很精彩，但这部电影最精彩的部分是表演。
6.“the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The old are taken good care of here.
老年人在这里被照顾得很好。
7.a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.
＝Quantities of time have been wasted on the project.
大量的时间被浪费在这个项目上。
8.“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of students have gone for an outing.
许多学生去远足了。
The number of the students is increasing year after year.
学生的数量正逐年增加。
9.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.
对于一个男孩来说，3，000美元是一笔大数目。
10.以-s/-ics结尾的学科名词及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Bad news travels quickly.
[谚]坏事传千里。
【即时演练2】 单句语法填空
①Most of the food we buy （process） in some way.
②Two fifths of the land in that district （be） covered by trees and grass.
③With hi-tech， a huge amount of time and energy （save） up to now.
④The majority of students in my school （be） admitted to famous universities every year.
⑤The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials， the rest of which （be） saved for other purposes.
三、就近一致原则
就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1.由or， either ...or ...， neither ...nor ...， not only ...but also ...， not ...but ...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
要么是你要么是你的一名学生要参加明天的会议。
2.由there， here引导的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There are three books and a pen on the desk.
桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。
【即时演练3】 完成句子
①Not only Tom and Mary but also .
不仅汤姆和玛丽喜欢踢足球，我也喜欢。
②In front of the hotel .
在旅馆前面矗立着一棵大树
③Nobody but those invited by Dr.Li .
除了李医生邀请的人以外，谁也不许进入病房。
④Either you or Jack the manager.
不是你就是杰克即将代替经理的职位。
⑤Not only his parents but also his elder brother .
不仅他的父母，他的哥哥也去颐和园了。
维度一：基础题型练
1.In the Ming Dynasty， the center was the Forbidden City， surrounded in concentric （同心的） circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes （permit） to live closer to the center of the circles.
2.In the last five years， Cao （walk） through 34 countries in six continents ...
3.Water， which （be） a clear liquid， has many uses.
4.Neither he nor I （be） able to persuade her to change her mind.
5.A load of food and water （send） to the disaster area.
6.The writer and poet （be） to give us a speech on English study next week.
7.Palm doesn’t have a talent for music， but he （make） up for it with hard work.
8.The smile on her face （indicate） that she is willing to help us.
9.Some of the stamps belong to me， while the rest （be） my father’s.
10.The famous writer along with his parents （be） to visit our town next week.
维度二：语法与写作
1.A large quantity of storybooks for the children.
（学校）为孩子们买了大量的故事书。
2.Neither the students nor the teacher .
学生和老师都不知道她没到场的原因。
3.Many a student when the accident happened.
当事故发生时，许多学生在现场。
4.The number of people who know the secret .
知道这个秘密的人数量很有限。
5. when we worked together， and laughed together.
我们一起工作，一起欢笑的日子一去不复返了。
6.Every hour and every minute .
每一小时每一分钟都很重要。
7. a variety of goods on sale in the shop.
商店里有各种各样的商品出售。
8.A large amount of clean water every day.
每天大量的清洁水被浪费。
9.A number of new houses there.
那里建了许多新房子。
10.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow .
把不太重要的事情留到明天处理通常是可以接受的。
11.21% of the atmosphere .
百分之二十一的大气是氧气。
12.The committee the proposal at the next meeting.
委员们同意在下次会议中讨论建议。
维度三：语法与语篇
Our school library， along with many other buildings，1. （与其他学校的非常不同）.2. （有两间电脑室）， three art rooms， a meeting room and a reading room in the library.3. （书的数量很多）， and maybe 4. （有10万册） in it.It is said that all the books cost our school 200，000 dollars.Maybe 5. （20万美元对每个学生来说都是一笔大数目）.In the era of knowledge explosion，the number of the students 6. （渴求知识的） is increasing day by day.Nowadays， our library has been developed into a multifunctional building.There are 50 computers in it.7. （许多学生喜欢上网） at weekends here.
Section Ⅵ Grammar —— 主谓一致
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.复数 单数
2.单数
3.单数
即时演练1
①have ②benefits ③is ④was ⑤are
即时演练2
①is processed ②is ③has been saved ④are ⑤were
即时演练3
①I am fond of playing football ②stands a tall tree ③is allowed to enter the patient’s room ④is about to take the place of ⑤has gone to the Summer Palace
【素养提升·重练习】
维度一
1.were permitted 2.has walked 3.is 4.am 5.has been sent 6.is 7.makes 8.indicates 9.are 10.is
维度二
1.have been bought
2.knows the reason why she didn’t turn up
3.was on the spot
4.is very limited
5.Gone are the days
6.is important
7.There are
8.is wasted
9.have been built
10.is often acceptable
11.is oxygen
12.agree to discuss
维度三
1. is very different from other schools’
2.There are two computer rooms
3.The number of the books is large
4.there are 100，000 books
5. 200，000 dollars is large to every student
6.who has a thirst for knowledge
7.Many a student likes to surf the Internet
5 / 5(共36张PPT)
Section Ⅵ
Grammar —— 主谓一致
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
素养提升·重练习
1
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
①Following Jane’s way of studying chimps， our group are all going
to visit them in the forest.
②Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.
③Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family
begins to wake up and move off.
④Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the
afternoon and she is right.
⑤Ten hours has passed since I came here.
【我的发现】
1. 句①中的group强调成员，故其后谓语动词用 形式；句③
中的family和句④中的group强调整体，故其后谓语动词用
形式。
2. 句②中的主语为动词-ing形式，故其谓语动词用第三人称
形式。
3. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量衡等的名词作主语时，常表示一个整
体概念，谓语动词用 形式，如句⑤。
复数
单数
单数
单数
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个
原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1. 动词-ing形式、动词不定式、从句或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词
常用单数。
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
听音乐使我在忙碌了一天之后得到放松。
Everything is in a complete mass， which drives people crazy.
所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。
名师点津
what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表
示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。
What he said is far from the truth.
他的话与事实相差太远了。
What the school needs are qualified teachers.
这个学校需要的是合格的老师。
2. 主语后跟with， together with， as well as， like， but， except，
along with， rather than， including， in addition to等引导的短语
时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher as well as his students was very excited.
老师和他的学生们都很兴奋。
I think Tom， rather than you is to blame for the accident.
我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故受到责备。
3. and， both ...and ...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形
式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动
词用单数形式。
Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting-room.
她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。
The poet and writer has produced many works.
这位诗人兼作家创作了许多作品。
4. 定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持
一致。
I will always treasure the moments that were full of pleasures.
我将永远珍惜那些充满欢乐的时光。
5. “many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
each， every， no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动
词仍用单数。
Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.
很多父母都不得不经历同样的痛苦过程。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday.
每个男孩和女孩都希望参加周日举行的聚会。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①She is proud that both her children （has） a gift for music.
②Regular exercise， along with proper diets， （benefit）
our health in the long run.
③The scenery on the small island which （be） surrounded by the
sea is very beautiful.
④When classical music rather than pop （be） played， diners
spent more money.
⑤Men and women （be） unequal in physical strength.
have
benefits
is
was
are
二、意义一致原则
意义一致原则指不论主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义
决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1. 集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若
被看作构成集体的每个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名
词有：family， class， team， group， public， committee，
government， audience等。
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.
这个班由25名男生和20名女生组成。
The class are doing experiments.
全班学生都在做实验。
2. 个别集体名词，如people， police， cattle等作主语，谓语动词必须
用复数形式。
How many people were present at the meeting？
有多少人参加了会议？
The cattle are grazing at the foot of the hill.
牛群正在山脚下吃草。
3. 单复数同形的名词作主语时，根据其意义是单数概念还是复数概念
来判断谓语用单数还是复数，如means，sheep， deer， works等。
Every means has been tried many times.
每一种办法都已经被尝试过很多次了。
All possible means have been tried many times.
所有可能的方法都试过很多次了。
This works was built in 1982.
这座工厂是1982年建的。
4. 单数概念的复数形式名词（如学科、机构、书名、剧名、国名等）
作主语时，谓语通常用单数形式，如：physics，
mathematics/maths，economics，politics，gymnastics，the United
States，the United Nations，A Dream in Red Mansions， Anderson’s
Fairy Tales等。
Mathematics seems to be difficult to me.
数学对我而言似乎很难。
The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book.
《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的书。
5. “分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单
复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all， some， half，
most， the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表
达的意义。
About one third of the books are worth reading.
这些书中大约有1/3值得阅读。
Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.
昨天只做了60% 的工作。
All of this is wonderful， but the best part of this film is the acting.
所有这些都很精彩，但这部电影最精彩的部分是表演。
6. “the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数
形式。
The old are taken good care of here.
老年人在这里被照顾得很好。
7. a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数，谓语动
词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；quantities of后
无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.
＝Quantities of time have been wasted on the project.
大量的时间被浪费在这个项目上。
8. “a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of students have gone for an outing.
许多学生去远足了。
The number of the students is increasing year after year.
学生的数量正逐年增加。
9. 表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通
常用单数形式。
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.
对于一个男孩来说，3，000美元是一笔大数目。
10. 以-s/-ics结尾的学科名词及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Bad news travels quickly.
[谚]坏事传千里。
【即时演练2】 单句语法填空
①Most of the food we buy （process） in some way.
②Two fifths of the land in that district （be） covered by trees and
grass.
③With hi-tech， a huge amount of time and energy
（save） up to now.
④The majority of students in my school （be） admitted to
famous universities every year.
⑤The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials， the rest of
which （be） saved for other purposes.
is processed
is
has been saved
are
were
三、就近一致原则
就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的
单复数。
1. 由or， either ...or ...， neither ...nor ...， not only ...but
also ...， not ...but ...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最
近的主语保持一致。
Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due
tomorrow.
要么是你要么是你的一名学生要参加明天的会议。
2. 由there， here引导的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近
的主语保持一致。
There are three books and a pen on the desk.
桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。
【即时演练3】 完成句子
①Not only Tom and Mary but also .
不仅汤姆和玛丽喜欢踢足球，我也喜欢。
②In front of the hotel .
在旅馆前面矗立着一棵大树
③Nobody but those invited by Dr.Li
.
除了李医生邀请的人以外，谁也不许进入病房。
I am fond of playing football
stands a tall tree
is allowed to enter the patient’s
room
④Either you or Jack the manager.
不是你就是杰克即将代替经理的职位。
⑤Not only his parents but also his elder brother
.
不仅他的父母，他的哥哥也去颐和园了。
is about to take the place of
has gone to the Summer
Palace
素养提升·重练习
培育学科素养
2
维度一：基础题型练
1. In the Ming Dynasty， the center was the Forbidden City， surrounded
in concentric （同心的） circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
Citizens of higher social classes （permit） to live
closer to the center of the circles.
2. In the last five years， Cao （walk） through 34
countries in six continents ...
3. Water， which （be） a clear liquid， has many uses.
were permitted
has walked
is
4. Neither he nor I （be） able to persuade her to change her
mind.
5. A load of food and water （send） to the disaster
area.
6. The writer and poet （be） to give us a speech on English study
next week.
7. Palm doesn’t have a talent for music， but he （make）
up for it with hard work.
am
has been sent
is
makes
8. The smile on her face （indicate） that she is willing to
help us.
9. Some of the stamps belong to me， while the rest （be） my
father’s.
10. The famous writer along with his parents （be） to visit our
town next week.
indicates
are
is
1. A large quantity of storybooks for the children.
（学校）为孩子们买了大量的故事书。
2. Neither the students nor the teacher
.
学生和老师都不知道她没到场的原因。
3. Many a student when the accident happened.
当事故发生时，许多学生在现场。
4. The number of people who know the secret .
知道这个秘密的人数量很有限。
have been bought
knows the reason why she
didn’t turn up
was on the spot
is very limited
维度二：语法与写作
5. when we worked together， and laughed
together.
我们一起工作，一起欢笑的日子一去不复返了。
6. Every hour and every minute .
每一小时每一分钟都很重要。
7. a variety of goods on sale in the shop.
商店里有各种各样的商品出售。
8. A large amount of clean water every day.
每天大量的清洁水被浪费。
Gone are the days
is important
There are
is wasted
9. A number of new houses there.
那里建了许多新房子。
10. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow
.
把不太重要的事情留到明天处理通常是可以接受的。
11.21% of the atmosphere .
百分之二十一的大气是氧气。
12. The committee the proposal at the next meeting.
委员们同意在下次会议中讨论建议。
have been built
is often
acceptable
is oxygen
agree to discuss
Our school library， along with many other buildings，1.
（与其他学校的非常不
同）.2. （有两间电脑室），
three art rooms， a meeting room and a reading room in the
library.3. （书的数量很
多）， and maybe
is
very different from other schools’
There are two computer rooms
The number of the books is large
维度三：语法与语篇
4. （有10万册） in it.It is said that all the
books cost our school 200，000 dollars.Maybe 5.
（20万美元对每个学生来说都是一笔大数
目）.In the era of knowledge explosion，the number of the students
6. （渴求知识的） is increasing day
by day.Nowadays， our library has been developed into a multifunctional
building.There are 50 computers in it.7.
（许多学生喜欢上网） at weekends here.
there are 100，000 books
200，000 dollars is
large to every student
who has a thirst for knowledge
Many a student likes to surf the
Internet
谢谢观看！
