新沪教版八年级上册英语期中测验A卷（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025学年第一学期学业质量发展阶段性训练
沪教版八年级英语期中测验A卷
本试卷共16页，七大题，满分90分。考试用时100分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名。
2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动后的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、涂改液和修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、语法选择（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从 1~15 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。
Learning About Great Inventions
Have you ever wondered how 1 favorite inventions changed the world Last month, our class started a project about great inventions like the wheel, the telephone and the Internet. Each student had to pick one invention and share 2 interesting facts about it.
At first, I thought it would be easy, but I soon found it 3 challenging than I expected. I chose the telephone invented by Alexander Graham Bell. I 4 three books and watched two documentaries about it so far. The more I learned, the more I realized how important this invention is.
When I presented my project, I was a little nervous. I was afraid I might forget some key points. But my teacher told me, “Don’t worry. Just speak clearly, and your classmates will understand.” I tried my best, and to my surprise, everyone listened carefully. After my talk, some classmates asked me questions, like how Bell 5 the idea for the telephone. I answered them patiently, and I even showed them a picture of the first telephone.
There 6 a small exhibition of our projects in the classroom last week. Many students stopped by my desk to look at my work. I felt proud when they said my project was good. Some even said it was 7 interesting than theirs.
This project not only taught me a lot about inventions, 8 also helped me improve my speaking skills. I now know that every great invention starts with a small idea. If we keep thinking and trying, we 9 maybe create something new one day.
Next term, we will learn about more inventions. I’m looking forward to it. I want to know who invented the light bulb and 10 it took to make it. I also want to visit a science museum to see real old inventions 11 with my own eyes.
Inventions make our life 12 easier and more convenient. Without them, the world would be a very different place. Every time I use my mobile phone or turn on the light, I think about the inventors. They spent years working on their ideas, and their hard work paid off.
As 10 weeks 13 since we started the project, I can say it was one of the most meaningful experiences this year. I will keep learning about inventions and maybe even try 14 a small invention myself someday. Who knows My invention might help others 15 the future!
1. A. yourself B. your C. yours D. you
2. A. some B. any C. little D. few
3. A. much B. more C. most D. very
4. A. am reading B. read C. will read D. have read
5. A. get B. gets C. got D. will get
6. A. is B. was C. are D. were
7. A. more B. much C. most D. very
8. A. and B. so C. or D. but
9. A. can B. must C. should D. need
10.A. how long B. how far C. what D. how much
11.A. careful B. carefully C. care D. careless
12.A. a B. an C. the D. /
13.A. pass B. passed C. have passed D. are passing
14.A. to make B. making C. make D. made
15.A. for B. on C. at D. in
二、完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 16~25 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。
An Unforgettable Invention Class
Last Friday, our school held an invention class. All students were excited because we could create our own small inventions. I 16 to make a water-saving device for my home, as my mom often complains about wasting water when washing dishes.
At first, I thought it would be simple. I prepared some plastic bottles, glue and a small pipe. But when I started putting them together, I met a 17 . The pipe didn’t fit into the bottle, and the glue didn’t stick well. I felt a little upset and wanted to give up.
Just then, my classmate Tom came over. He noticed my problem and 18 to help me. He suggested using a hotter glue gun and cutting the pipe a little smaller. We worked together 19 . Tom held the bottle while I applied the glue. After several tries, the pipe finally fit!
Our teacher, Ms. Wang, walked around to check our progress. When she saw my device, she smiled and said, “This is a great idea! It’s practical and helpful.” She also gave me some advice on how to make it more beautiful. I followed her tips and painted the bottle blue.
By the end of the class, I finished my water-saving device. When I 20 it to my mom that night, she was very happy. She tried it right away and said, “It works! We can save a lot of water now.” I felt so 21 of myself.
This invention class taught me a lot. It wasn’t just about making something new, but also about 22 problems and working with others. When we face difficulties, giving up is not the answer. Asking for help and trying again can lead to success.
Later, Ms. Wang 23 all our inventions to the whole school. Many teachers and students praised my water-saving device. A few even asked me how to make it. I was happy to share my experience with them.
I will never forget this 24 . It made me realize that everyone can be an inventor if they have a good idea and keep trying. Even small inventions can make a big difference to our lives. This experience is 25 to me, and I will keep exploring new ideas in the future.
16.A. decided B. refused C. forgot D. hated
17.A. plan B. problem C. surprise D. gift
18.A. refused B. afforded C. agreed D. offered
19.A. angrily B. carelessly C. carefully D. quickly
20.A. bought B. taught C. lent D. showed
21.A. shy B. worried C. proud D. sad
22.A. finding B. creating C. solving D. avoiding
23.A. introduced B. sold C. hid D. broke
24.A. class B. trip C. party D. game
25.A. useless B. valuable C. boring D. difficult
三、阅读理解（共 15 小题，每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。
(A)
The Yongle Dadian: A Treasure of Ancient Encyclopaedias
When we talk about great encyclopaedias in history, the Yongle Dadian from China must be mentioned. As one of the largest encyclopaedias ever made, it carries rich knowledge from ancient China and shows the wisdom of Chinese scholars.
The Yongle Dadian was completed in 1408 during the Ming Dynasty, under the order of Emperor Yongle. It took over 2,000 scholars nearly five years to finish this huge project. Unlike modern encyclopaedias that are organized in alphabetical order, the Yongle Dadian was arranged by subjects such as history, art, science, and literature. It collected more than 7,000 ancient books, covering almost all fields of knowledge at that time. In total, the encyclopaedia had over 11,000 volumes, and each volume was as thick as a brick. Imagine carrying just one volume—it would take a lot of strength!
Sadly, most copies of the Yongle Dadian were lost over time. Some were destroyed in wars, while others were damaged by natural disasters. Today, only about 400 volumes remain in museums around the world, including the National Library of China. These remaining volumes are still valuable because they keep many ancient works that would have been forgotten otherwise. For example, some parts of the Yongle Dadian record old farming techniques and traditional Chinese medicine recipes that are still useful for researchers today.
The Yongle Dadian is more than just an encyclopaedia. It is a symbol of China’s long history of collecting and passing on knowledge. Just like modern online encyclopaedias help us learn easily today, the Yongle Dadian helped ancient scholars share ideas and preserve wisdom. It reminds us that no matter how technology changes, the importance of recording knowledge never fades.
26.When was the Yongle Dadian completed
A. In 1400. B. In 1408.
C. In the 15th century. D. In the 16th century.
27.How were the entries in the Yongle Dadian organized
A. By alphabetical order. B. By the time of writing.
C. By the size of books. D. By different subjects.
28.Why are the remaining volumes of the Yongle Dadian still valuable
A. They are very thick and heavy.
B. They were made of expensive materials.
C. They keep many lost ancient works.
D. They were ordered by an emperor.
29.What can we learn from the Yongle Dadian
A. Modern encyclopaedias are better than ancient ones.
B. Recording knowledge is always important.
C. All ancient books were collected in it.
D. It was easy to carry its volumes.
(B)
Fibonacci Numbers: Nature’s Secret Code
Have you ever looked at a sunflower and wondered why its seeds are arranged in a spiral Or noticed how the petals of a lily are grouped The answer lies in Fibonacci numbers—a special sequence that appears everywhere in nature, from tiny flowers to huge pinecones.
Fibonacci numbers were named after an Italian mathematician called Fibonacci, who lived in the 12th century. He first introduced the sequence in a math problem about rabbit reproduction. The sequence starts with 0 and 1, and each number after that is the sum of the two previous ones: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21... and so on. At first glance, this might seem like just a simple math pattern, but nature loves it!
Let’s look at some examples. Many flowers have petals that follow Fibonacci numbers. A lily has 3 petals, a buttercup has 5, and a daisy often has 34 or 55 petals. Pinecones are another great example—if you count the spirals on a pinecone, you’ll find the number is usually a Fibonacci number, like 8 or 13. Even the way tree branches grow follows this sequence: a young tree grows one main branch in the first year, another in the second, and then branches grow based on the sum of the previous two years’ growth.
Why does nature use Fibonacci numbers Scientists believe it’s because this sequence helps plants grow in the most efficient way. For sunflowers, the spiral arrangement of seeds allows the maximum number of seeds to fit in the flower head. This means the plant can reproduce more successfully. For pinecones, the spiral pattern protects the seeds and helps them spread easily when they fall.
Next time you go outside, take a moment to look for Fibonacci numbers. You’ll be surprised how many places you find them—they’re nature’s own secret code!
30.Who introduced Fibonacci numbers to the world
A. A Greek scientist. B. A French inventor.
C. A Chinese scholar. D. An Italian mathematician.
31.What is the rule of the Fibonacci sequence
A. Each number is double the previous one.
B. Each number is the sum of the two before it.
C. Each number is half of the next one.
D. Each number is three more than the previous one.
32.Which of the following has petals in a Fibonacci number
A. A lily. B. A rose.
C. A tulip. D. A violet.
33.Why do plants use Fibonacci numbers
A. To grow in the most efficient way. B. To look more beautiful.
C. To attract more insects. D. To live longer.
(C)
Smart Homes: Making Life Easier with IoT
Imagine waking up in the morning, and your bedroom lights slowly turn on to mimic sunlight. While you’re getting dressed, your smart fridge sends you a message: “We’re out of milk!” Then you use your phone to turn on the air conditioner at home, so it’s cool when you return from school. This isn’t a scene from a science fiction movie—it’s life in a smart home, made possible by the Internet of Things (IoT).
The IoT refers to the network of everyday objects connected to the internet. In a smart home, devices like lights, fridges, thermometers, and even door locks are part of this network. They can “talk” to each other and be controlled remotely. For example, a smart thermometer can learn your daily routine and adjust the temperature automatically. If you forget to turn off the lights when you leave home, you can do it with a tap on your phone.
Smart homes don’t just make life more convenient—they also help save energy. A smart light bulb can turn off by itself when no one is in the room, and a smart washing machine can run during off-peak hours to reduce costs. Some smart homes even have flood sensors: if water leaks from a pipe, the sensor will send an alert to your phone, so you can fix the problem quickly and avoid big damage.
Of course, smart homes also have some challenges. For example, if the internet connection is lost, some devices may stop working. There’s also the issue of privacy—since smart devices collect data about your habits, it’s important to choose reliable brands to keep your information safe.
Despite these small problems, smart homes are becoming more popular. They show how digital technology can improve our daily lives. As IoT develops, we can expect even more amazing changes—maybe one day, our homes will be able to predict our needs before we even ask!
34.What is the IoT according to the passage
A. A type of smart phone.
B. A science fiction movie.
C. A new kind of electricity.
D. A network of internet-connected objects.
35.How can a smart thermometer help in a smart home
A. It can send messages about milk.
B. It can fix water leaks.
C. It can adjust the temperature automatically.
D. It can turn off the lights.
36.What is one advantage of smart homes besides convenience
A. They are very cheap to build.
B. They help save energy.
C. They don’t need internet.
D. They collect data about everyone.
37.What is a challenge of smart homes
A. Lost internet may stop devices.
B. They can’t predict needs.
C. Smart devices are too big.
D. They are difficult to clean.
(D)
The Wheel: An Invention That Changed the World
If someone asked you to name the most important inventions in history, what would you say The telephone The computer Or maybe the wheel While the wheel may seem simple today, it was one of the most game-changing inventions ever made—it transformed how humans travel, trade, and build.
The first wheel was invented about 5,500 years ago in Mesopotamia. But surprisingly, it wasn’t used for transportation at first. Early humans used wheels to make pottery: they attached a flat disk to a stick, and spun it to shape clay into bowls and jars. It took about 300 years before people realized the wheel could help with transportation. They attached wheels to wooden carts, which made it much easier to carry heavy goods—before that, people had to carry things on their backs or use animals like horses.
Once the wheel was used for carts, trade began to grow. Farmers could transport their crops to faraway markets, and merchants could sell goods across different regions. This helped villages and cities connect, and even led to the development of new roads. The ancient Romans, for example, built stone roads that were strong enough for wheeled carts. Some of these roads are still used today!
The wheel’s influence didn’t stop there. Over time, it became part of many other inventions: windmills which used wheels to grind grain, clocks which used wheels to keep time, and even modern machines like cars and trains. Without the wheel, the Industrial Revolution might not have happened—factories relied on wheel-powered machines to make goods quickly.
Today, we still use wheels everywhere: in bikes, planes, and even 3D printers. It’s hard to imagine a world without the wheel. This simple invention shows that sometimes the most basic ideas can have the biggest impact on human history.
38.Where was the first wheel invented
A. In China. B. In Italy.
C. In Rome. D. In Mesopotamia.
39.What was the first use of the wheel
A. To carry heavy goods. B. To build roads.
C. To make pottery. D. To power windmills.
40.How did the wheel help trade grow
A. It made it easier to transport goods.
B. It created new markets.
C. It made goods cheaper.
D. It stopped merchants from traveling.
四、阅读填空（共 5 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 5 分）
阅读短文及文后选项，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Different Ways of Counting: From Ancient Times to Today
Counting is something we do every day—we count money, count the days until a holiday, or count how many books we have. But have you ever thought about how people counted before the numbers we use today (1, 2, 3...) existed Different cultures developed different counting methods, and each tells a story about how people understood numbers.
In ancient times, the simplest way to count was using “one-to-one correspondence.” This meant using objects like stones or sticks to represent things. For example, if a farmer had 5 sheep, he would put 5 stones in a bag—each stone stood for one sheep. 41 This method was easy to understand, but it had a problem: if you wanted to count 100 sheep, you needed 100 stones, which was hard to carry.
Later, ancient civilizations began to create symbols for numbers. The ancient Egyptians used hieroglyphs to represent numbers: a single line for 1, a horseshoe for 10, and a coil of rope for 100. 42 They carved these symbols on stone walls or wrote them on papyrus, which is a type of ancient paper, to keep records of crops and taxes.
In China, ancient people used “counting rods” for counting. These were small sticks made of wood or bamboo. People arranged the sticks in different patterns to represent numbers from 1 to 9. 43 Counting rods were very useful for math problems—ancient Chinese mathematicians used them to solve equations and calculate areas of fields.
The numbers we use today are called Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3...), but they were actually invented in ancient India. Around the 3rd century BCE, Indian scholars created symbols for each number from 0 to 9. 44 Later, Arab traders brought these symbols to Europe, and they spread around the world. The invention of the number 0 was especially important—it made it easier to write large numbers and do math.
Today, we use Arabic numerals almost everywhere. But it’s important to remember the different counting methods from the past. 45 They show how humans have always found ways to understand and use numbers, no matter where or when they lived.
A. These symbols were simple and easy to write.
B. Each method was a smart solution to the problem of counting.
C. If a sheep was sold, he would take out one stone.
D. This method was used for over 2,000 years in China.
E. For example, a symbol that looked like a “U” stood for 10.
五、语篇填词（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分）
阅读下面短文，并根据短文大意及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。在填写答案时，要求写出完整单词（每空限填一词）。
Using Encyclopaedias to Learn About Smart Devices
Last week, our teacher asked us to connect these two topics: find information about a smart device from an encyclopaedia and write a short introduction. I chose smart thermometers—I wanted to know how they help save energy.
First, I went to the school library to find a print encyclopaedia. The “Science and Technology” section had a clear entry about smart home devices. I read slowly, noting key points: smart thermometers can “learn” people’s daily habits and adjust the temperature automatically. I was c (46) not to miss details—like how they connect to the Internet of Things (IoT) to share data with other devices. Once I almost mixed up “thermometer” with “thermostat,” but the encyclopaedia’s pictures helped me tell them apart.
Next, I checked an online encyclopaedia for more examples. It said some smart thermometers can send alerts to phones if the temperature is too high or low. I also learned they help families save about 15% of their energy bills—this fun fact made my introduction more interesting. I wrote it down in my notebook, making sure the numbers were correct.
When I f (47) writing, I showed it to my classmate Lucy. She’s good at digital topics, and she said my facts matched what she learned from her encyclopaedia. We even talked about how encyclopaedias are more reliable than random websites—their information is checked by experts, just like our textbook says.
On presentation day, my teacher praised me. This experience made me r (48) encyclopaedias are useful for all subjects. Now, whenever I have questions about what we learn in class, I first think to look up answers in an encyclopaedia.
Last weekend, I helped my mom find information about smart fridges using an online encyclopaedia. We learned they can remind users when food runs out—my mom said this would s (49) her a lot of time. I also shared how to tell if online encyclopaedia entries are reliable. My mom was surprised I knew so much, and I felt proud to help her.
Encyclopaedias aren’t just for school projects—they’re tools to understand the world around us. Next, I want to use them to learn about the h (50) of the wheel. I’m sure it will be as fun as this project, and I can’t wait to apply what I learn in our next class discussion!
六、完成句子（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）
根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。
51.我们可以在百科全书的 “文化与艺术” 板块中查找莱昂纳多 达 芬奇的词条。
We can Leonardo da Vinci’s entry in the “Culture and Arts” section of an encyclopaedia.
52.科学家认为，恐龙大约在 6600 万年前突然灭绝了。
Scientists think dinosaurs suddenly about 66 million years ago.
53.在使用在线百科全书时，我们应该核实信息的来源，确保其可靠。
When using online encyclopaedias, we should the source of information to it’s reliable.
54.莱昂纳多 达 芬奇出生于1452 年的意大利乡村，从小就展现出天赋。
Leonardo da Vinci in the countryside of Italy in 1452 and showed talent from an early age.
55.在斐波那契数列中，每个数字都是它前面两个数字的总和。
In the Fibonacci sequence, each number is the the two numbers before it.
七、书面表达（共 1 题，满分 15 分）
在 Unit 1 中，我们学习了如何查阅百科全书以及撰写百科条目（encyclopaedia entry）。请你选择一个你感兴趣的主题（如一种动物、一位发明家、一项传统技艺等），参考课本中 “Leonardo da Vinci” 和 “Dinosaurs” 的条目结构，写一篇 80 词左右的百科条目。
要求：
1.包含该主题的基本信息（如时间、地点、类别等）。
2.介绍 1-2 个核心特点或重要内容。
3.语言客观，只陈述事实，不加入个人观点。
4.不得使用真实校名、姓名等信息。
答案
一、语法选择
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C
6.B 7.A 8.D 9.A 10.A
11.B 12.D 13.C 14.A 15.D
二、完形填空
16.A 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.D
21.C 22.C 23.A 24.A 25.B
三、阅读理解
26. B 27. D 28. C 29. B
30. D 31. B 32. A 33. A
34. D 35. C 36. B 37. A
38. D 39. C 40. A
四、阅读填空
41. C 42. E 43. D 44. A 45. B
五、语篇填词
46. careful 47. finished 48. realize 49. save 50. history
六、完成句子
51. look up 52. died out 53. check; make sure 54. was born 55.sum of
七、书面表达（范文）
Tea
Tea is a popular hot drink around the world. It is made from the leaves of the tea plant. Tea first appeared in China over 4,000 years ago. People began to grow and drink tea during the Shang Dynasty.
There are many types of tea. For example, green tea keeps more natural nutrients, while black tea is fermented. Tea is not just a drink—it is part of culture. In China, people have tea ceremonies to show respect to guests. In Britain, afternoon tea is a traditional custom.
Today, tea is drunk in almost every country. It helps people relax and is loved by millions of people.
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