《英语》（八年级上册）
Unit 6 Birdwatching
Grammar
I. Teaching aims and learning objectives
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. use to-infinitive to express purpose in the context;
2. use some verbs with objects and to-infinitives in the context;
3. learn to talk about where to visit in our hometown using to-infinitives.
II. Teaching contents
1. New words and phrases: in order to, write down, for any reason
2. New structures: We ask people not to catch birds for any reason.
Max tells funny jokes and often makes me laugh.
She saw a baby panda drink her mother’s milk.
Millie and Amy herd someone sing in the park.
He also encouraged us to describe the birds.
III. Focus of the lesson and predicted area of difficulty
Understand and use some verbs with objects and to-infinitives, especially some verbs in this structure with infinitives without to.
IV. Teaching procedures
A Using to-infinitives for purpose
Step 1 Lead-in
1. Free talk
T: Have you ever watched the program “Dad, where are we going”?
S: Yes!
T: What do you think of this programme?
S: There are always funny stories between fathers and children.
T: Yeah, I also like this program because it tells us both interesting and moving stories between fathers and children when they travel to different places.
Show and talk
Show some pictures about the programme and talk about them.
T: Now, look at this picture. Why did they go to the seaside?
S: They went to the seaside to go fishing.
T: How about this one? Why did children go to the market?
S: They went to the market to buy some food.
【设计意图】通过情境创设，激发学生学习兴趣，唤醒旧知，为新知学习做好铺垫，引入本课主题。
Step 2 Presentation
1. Explain to-infinitives
T: In these two sentences, we use “to go fishing” and “to buy some food” to express our purposes. That’s what we are going to learn today.
2. Find the to-infinitives
T: There are also some sentences with to-infinitives for purpose in the reading part. Can you find them out?
S1: Now the Chinese government has made laws to prevent all these things in Zhalong.
S2: The members of our Birdwatching Society go to study the birds in Zhalong.
S3: Every year, a lot of tourists go to Zhalong to watch the birds.
3. Explain “in order to”
T: Don’t forget this sentence: Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings. It also expresses the purpose.
T: Actually, “in order to” carries the same meaning as “to”. However, it is more formal than “to”.
T: Now let’s look at this example: Fathers started early in order to get to Zhalong in time. And we can also change the sentence like this: In order to get to Zhalong in time, fathers started early.
T: Pay attention: Don’t forget a comma to separate the two sentences when ‘in order to’ comes to the beginning of the sentence.
【设计意图】系统讲解to do sth和in order to do sth的用法。
Step 3 Practice
1. Describe the pictures with “to-infinitives”
T: Since we have known the grammatical rules, let’s practice making sentences with
“to-infinitives” and “in order to”. For example: The children play football to keep fit in the
first picture.
T: What about the second one? Where are the children now?
S: In the cave.
T: Why do the children go into the cave?
S: The children go into the cave to look for treasure.
2. Describe the pictures with “in order to”
T: Now, fathers and children have come to the north-east China. It’s so cold there. How do they keep warm?
S: They must put on more coats.
T: Can you make a sentence with “in order to”?
S: They put on more coats in order to keep warm.
T: It’s so cold that they are afraid of catching a cold, right?
S: Yes!
T: So they put on more coats in order not to catch a cold. Pay attention to the negative meaning.
【设计意图】利用学生们喜爱的节目来操练to do sth和in order to do sth的用法。
B Using verbs + object + to-infinitives
Step 1 Presentation
1. Explain to-infinitives as object complement
(1) Find to-infinitives
T: In fact, there are more sentences with “to-infinitives” in the article. Can you find them out?
S1: We are now inviting them to help us.
S2: We need more people to count and describe the birds.
T: Pay attention to the structures: “invite sb. to do sth.” and “need sb. to do sth.”.
(2) Work out the rule
T: Let’s work out the rule: verbs + object + to-infinitives. Verbs of this kind include “tell,
ask, invite, need, and want”. Do you know how to express a negative meaning?
S: We can add “not” in front of “to do sth.”.
T: Perfect! That is “tell, ask, invite, need, and want” + sb. not to do sth. .
(3) Fill in the blanks and check the answers
T: Something interesting is happening between fathers and children. Do you want to know?
S: Yeah!
T: Let’s fill in the blanks to see what happened to them.
The villagers invited fathers and their children (come) to dinner in their homes.
The members of the Birdwatching Society teach children (count) the birds.
Cunzhang told children (not play) near the lake.
Children helped their fathers _____(do) the housework.
2. Explain to-infinitives without “to” as object complement
(1) Show some examples
T: This time fathers and children had a good time in the zoo. What did they see? Let’s go and have a look.
T: They watched a monkey ride a bike.
They saw an elephant play football.
They saw a tiger jump through rings.
The zookeeper let /made the dolphins play some tricks.
They heard many people shout excitedly.
(2) Work out the rules:
T: From these examples, we have known that we can use some verbs with infinitives without “to”. Let’s sum up the verbs together.
T: Among all children, I think the boy Stone is the most energetic. So we often see Stone run quickly, right? But now, he isn’t running. Just now I saw Stone playing football with his father and Kimi. So when an action often happens, we can use the structure: see sb. do sth.; or when we see the whole process of an action, we can use the structure: see sb. do sth. However, when we see part of an action or when the action is in progress, we use the structure like this: see sb. doing sth.
【设计意图】通过图片设计的不同情境，让学生直观感知语言结构在句中的实际运用。通过对比、分析，激发学生的自主探究意识。
Step 2 Practice
1. A game
T: Boys and girls, as you have learned much today, maybe you will be a little bit tired. Let’s play a game. I have prepared something surprising for you. Which one would you like to choose?
T: You are lucky to choose “Correct the mistakes”. Do you know how to make the right corrections?
T: Let’s do some practice of “Sentence pattern transformation”.
T: Some exercises of “Multiple Choice” for you. Would you like to have a try?
T: You are lucky to see fathers and children again. Can you tell me what they are doing using the given phrases?
2. Free talk
T: Good news for you! It’s said that the scene of the program “Dad, where are going”will
be filmed in our hometown, Yangzhou. Then some problems will follow: What places can
they visit? What can they do here? What food can they eat? Do you have any good
suggestions? Let’s have a discussion.
T: There is much to see and to do in our hometown. For example, Jinghua Shopping Mall is so modern and large. They can go there to …
T: If they are interested in local colours, Dongguang Street is a good place to go. They can go there to enjoy …
T: The Slender West Lake is so famous that every year many tourists come to visit it. In order
to…, they can go to the Slender West Lake. And we often see people …
3. Make a dialogue in pairs
T: Now each pair introduces one place to the fathers and children using what we have learned
today.
【设计意图】通过游戏选择的方式来训练巩固已学知识，练习形式设计多样化，激发学生学习的兴趣，寓教于乐。创造活动，激发学习兴趣，既是对语言知识的学以致用，也能让学生理论联系实际做出真实的回应，提高学生的实际语用能力。
Step 3 Sum up
T: Let's have a summary.
Use to-infinitives for purpose (用动词不定式表目的): to =in order to
Verb + object +to-infinitive (动词+宾语+动词不定式）
ask, (tell, want …)+ sb. +(not)to + do+ sth.
let, (make, have…)+sb. +do+ sth.
help +sb. +(to) +do +sth.
【设计意图】在下课之前及时总结本节内容，帮助学生巩固知识。
V. Homework
Can you imagine (想象) a special experience when showing fathers and children around our city? Please write a short passage (around 70 words) about it using as many “to-infinitives” that we learned today as possible.
课件27张PPT。Unit 6 Birdwatching GrammarDad, where are we going?They went to the seaside . to go fishingWhy did they go to seaside? They went to the market to buy some food.Why did children go to the market? We often useWork out the rules1. They went to the seaside to go fishing. 2. They went to the market to buy some food. to watchto studyto preventin order to haveFind more with to-infinitives for purposeis more formal than Work out the rulesIn order to = toFathers started early in order to get to Zhalong in time.In order to get to Zhalong in time , fathers started early.Describe the pictures with to-infinitivesE.g.: The children play football
to keep fit. play football/keep fit go into the cave
/look for treasureThe children go into the cave to
look for treasure. put on more coats/keep warmThey put on more coats in order to keep warm. put on more coats
/not catch a coldThey put on more coats in order not to catch a cold.Describe the pictures with in order toMore sentences with to-infinitives:invite sb to do sthneed sb to do sthtell, ask, get,
invite, need, want … + sb to do sth+ sb not to do sth verbs + object + to-infinitivesHow to express a negative (否定的) meaning?tell, ask, get,
invite, need, want … Work out the rule1. The villagers invited fathers and their children
_________ (come) to dinner in their homes.
2. The members of the Birdwatching Society
teach children ________ (count ) the birds.
3. He told children _________ (not play)
near the lake.
4. Children helped their fathers ________ (do)
the housework. What happened to fathers and children?to cometo countnot to play(to) dohelp sb (to) do sthThey watched a monkey ride a bike.They saw an elephant play football. The zookeeper let/made dolphins play some tricks.They saw a tiger jump through rings.They heard many people shout excitedly.What did fathers and children see in the zoo? make
let
have
We can use some verbs with infinitives without “___”.sb do sthsee
hear
watch
noticesb do sthtoPay attention:I often see Stone ___
quickly in the programme. (run) see sb do sth Just now I saw Stone _______ football
happily. (play)see sb doing sth runplayingABCDWhich one to choose?Correct the mistakesThe boss made the workers
to work for more than 8 hours.
My father asked me spend more time on Maths.
She often hears someone to sing in the park.to spendSentence pattern transformationHe went to the library because he wanted to borrow some books. (同义句)
2. The teacher tells the students to play in the playground. (否定句) The teacher tells the students not to play in the playground.He went to the library
some books (in order) to borrow1. My parents told me___ out too late last week.
A. not stay B. not staying C. not to stay D. stayed
2. What can we do _____ wild birds?
A. protect B. protecting C. to protect D. protects
3. _______ a book in the library, enter a key word into
the computer.
A. To find B. Find C. To write D. Write
4. Did you see him ______ a toy plane this morning?
A. made B. make C. be making D. to make
Multiple choiceadvice/give grandma
a giftplay fewer games
/protect eyesMake sentences with to-infinitivesWhat places can they visit?
What can they do here?
What food can they eat?Coming to YangzhouMake a dialogue in pairs Summary1. Use to-infinitives for purpose. (用动词不
定式表目的）
to = in order to
2. Verb + object + to-infinitive (动词+宾语+
动词不定式）
a. ask, (tell, want …) + sb + (not) to + do + sth
b. let, (make, have …) + sb + do + sth
c. help + sb + (to) + do + sth
Can you imagine (想象) a special experience when showing fathers and children around our city? Please write a short passage (around 70 words) about it using as many to-infinitives that we learned today as possible.
