Section Ⅱ LESSON 1 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION
维度一：品句填词
1.A （大量） of clouds gathered in the sky， signaling an approaching storm.
2.He noticed an （不平常的） silence in the house， which was usually full of laughter.
3.The （太阳能的） panels on the roof generate enough energy to power the house.
4.This （物种） of butterfly is unique to the island and can’t be found anywhere else.
5.She （擦） the tears from her eyes and smiled bravely.
6.The number of birds in the area has significantly d due to habitat loss.
维度二：词形转换
1.A （vary） and ancient food culture should be famous worldwide.
2.This rare bird has become an （endanger） species.
3.Every mother has （affect） for her children.
4.They demanded the （restore） of all their lost lands.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.The old traditions are （消失）.
2.We’ll （彻底消灭） any enemy that dares to invade our territory.
3.Your health （处境危险） if you don’t stop smoking.
4.Don’t always （把你的失败归咎于他人）.Sometimes you yourself are to blame.
5.You’d better go there by train.The train ticket is （比……便宜三倍） the airplane ticket.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
When Barton’s wife started working at Elephant’s World， which works to rescue badly treated elephants just outside Kanchanaburi in Thailand， Barton wondered what would happen if he were to play some slow classical music to these animals.
For Barton’s 50th birthday， his wife convinced （说服） the management at Elephant’s World to allow them to bring a piano into the place.However， Barton’s personal project to play music to these elephants was not one he entered without a few doubts.
As Barton recalls， the night before moving his instrument into the wilderness of the Elephant’s World， he wondered how the elephants would react to the music：“I contemplated what it would be like to play for the elephants.Would they listen， or would it be dangerous？”
Moving a piano into nature is not easy.As Barton says， “Moving our piano from Bangkok to the wilderness of the mountains in Kanchanaburi was challenging， but we made it.”
Now Barton is convinced that the universal language of music is a perfect treatment for elephants who have worked for humans all their lives， and have sadly ended up being blind or disabled.
This pianist has carefully observed the reactions of the elephants to the type of music played.“Their breathing actually slows down when I play， which tells me they are relaxed and happy，” he says.“An 80-year-old elephant， Ampan， who is almost totally blind， enjoys Beethoven’s slow ‘Moonlight Sonata’ movement.He will walk away if I play Schubert， rather than Beethoven， which he loves！”
This musician adds，“I feel happy to live with elephants and enjoy getting to know them.I feel it worthwhile to play the piano for them， especially if it brings comfort to those who have had stressful lives or live in darkness.”
1.What is the purpose of Barton’s personal project？（ ）
A.To remind people to save more wildlife. B.To calm these badly treated elephants.
C.To convince his wife to play the piano. D.To erase others’ doubts about his love.
2.What does the underlined word “contemplated” in paragraph 3 mean？（ ）
A.Gave up. B.Showed off.
C.Suffered from. D.Thought about.
3.Why does Barton mention the aged elephant Ampan？（ ）
A.To compare two great musicians from Europe. B.To discuss the hardship the elephant had faced.
C.To show elephants have their own loved music. D.To explain why he prefers to play classical music.
4.What does Barton want to say in the last paragraph？（ ）
A.The work gives him a sense of achievement. B.He manages to get over the difficulties he met.
C.Playing the piano in the wild makes little sense. D.Staying with wild elephants is quite stressful.
Ⅱ.完形填空
An elderly woman rushed into action when she saw what she believed was a（n） 5 baby hedgehog （刺猬） on the side of a 6 in England.
After a night without seeing the fuzzy （毛茸茸的） ball move or eat， the 7 lover rushed it to a wildlife hospital in Cheshire.
“The lady 8 with a box.She said she had 9 this baby hedgehog on the roadside and it was cold and she 10 it up with a brush，” the wildlife hospital manager Janet Kotze said.“I took the box from her and 11 it.I couldn’t believe what I was seeing.I 12 ：‘It’s not a hedgehog.Perhaps it’s some other kind of fuzzy animal.’”
As soon as she picked up the fuzzy ball， Kotze realized it wasn’t 13 at all.“ 14 with the weight， I could feel that it wasn’t a hedgehog or any animal at all，” Kotze said.“I put it back and said to the lady， ‘It’s 15 a bobble （绒线球） off a bobble hat.’”
The lady was very embarrassed， according to Kotze， 16 whether the manager was “ 17 ” before walking out of the hospital with her box and bobble.
“She was very 18 — the kind soul had thought she was rescuing a weak baby hedgehog， but her care and love knew no bounds，” Kotze said.“I don’t think she’ll make the same 19 again.I think she’ll check next time.”
5.（ ）A.angry B.noisy C.wet D.sick
6.（ ）A.tree B.road C.hill D.river
7.（ ）A.animal B.food C.baby D.sports
8.（ ）A.went by B.went off C.came in D.came across
9.（ ）A.found B.bought C.kept D.fed
10.（ ）A.wound B.picked C.woke D.gave
11.（ ）A.filled B.opened C.shook D.locked
12.（ ）A.replied B.explained C.thought D.promised
13.（ ）A.alive B.easy C.happy D.safe
14.（ ）A.Regularly B.Unusually C.Significantly D.Obviously
15.（ ）A.hardly B.nearly C.actually D.hopefully
16.（ ）A.showing B.asking C.learning D.examining
17.（ ）A.joking B.lying C.nodding D.laughing
18.（ ）A.shy B.slow C.smart D.sweet
19.（ ）A.effort B.decision C.mistake D.change
Section Ⅱ LESSON 1 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION
基础知识自测
维度一
1.mass 2.unusual 3.solar 4.species 5.wiped
6.decreased
维度二
1.varied 2.endangered 3.affection 4.restoration
维度三
1.dying out 2.wipe out 3.is at risk 4.blame your own failure on others 5.three times cheaper than
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了巴顿在妻子工作的大象保护区为大象弹奏古典音乐的故事。巴顿发现音乐能让大象放松快乐，尤其能为那些生活压力大或失明的大象带来安慰，他认为音乐是治愈大象的完美方式。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Barton wondered ...these animals、第五段和最后一段可推知，Barton的个人项目的目的是让这些被虐待的大象平静下来。
2.D 词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Barton在考虑给大象弹奏音乐会是什么情况，即他在“思考”。因此画线词contemplated与D项Thought about同义。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第六段中An 80-year-old elephant ...which it loves！可推知，Barton提到年老的大象Ampan是为了表明大象有自己喜欢的音乐。
4.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，Barton在最后一段想说这份工作给了他成就感。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读： 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国一位老妇人在路边捡到了一个“小刺猬”，送到医院却被告知是一顶泡泡帽上的泡泡球的故事。
5.D 根据第二段中的rushed it to a wildlife hospital可知，老妇人以为小刺猬生病了。
6.B 根据第三段中的this baby hedgehog on the roadside可知，老妇人是在路上看到的小刺猬。
7.A 根据最后一段中的she was rescuing a weak baby hedgehog可知，她是动物爱好者。
8.C 根据上文中的rushed it to a wildlife hospital in Cheshire可知，老妇人拿着盒子走进了医院。go by流逝；go off爆炸；come in进来；come across偶遇。
9.A 根据空后的this baby hedgehog on the roadside and it was cold可知，她在路边发现了这只小刺猬。
10.B 根据空后的it up with a brush可知，他用柴枝捡起了小刺猬。
11.B 根据下句I couldn’t believe what I was seeing.可知，经理打开了盒子。
12.C 根据空后的It’s not a hedgehog.Perhaps it’s some other kind of fuzzy animal.可知，这里是经理心里的想法。
13.A 根据下句中的I could feel that it wasn’t a hedgehog or any animal at all可知，这个东西不是活物。
14.D 根据空后的with the weight， I could feel that it wasn’t a hedgehog or any animal at all可知，根据重量经理明显感到根本不是活物。
15.C 根据空后的a bobble off a bobble hat可知，这个东西实际上是一顶泡泡帽上的泡泡。
16.B 根据空后的whether the manager was可知，老妇人在询问经理。
17.A 根据上段中的a bobble off a bobble hat可知，经理告知了真相，老妇人询问是不是在“开玩笑”。
18.D 根据空后的the kind soul可知，老妇人十分可爱善良。
19.C 根据第四段最后一段可知，老妇人错把毛球看成了小刺猬，犯了一个错误。
3 / 3Section Ⅱ LESSON 1 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION
Extinctions， where entire species① are wiped② out， are not unusual③ in our Earth’s history.In fact， over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct.In the last 500 million years， there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended.These include the third mass④ extinction， known as the “Great Dying”， which killed 90% to 96% of all species.And the fifth event， which occurred 66 million years ago， caused the death of the dinosaurs.The reasons for extinctions are varied⑤.According to scientists， they include volcanic eruptions， asteroids⑥ hitting the Earth from space， changes in sea levels， the decrease⑦ of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming.Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth’s sixth mass extinction.This time， human activity will be to blame⑧.
Although it is not unusual for species to die out⑨ naturally， the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US， looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes， that is， the “background extinction rate”. [1]They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，000 times faster than normal. There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out： air and water pollution， forests being destroyed， factory farming and overfishing.It is clear that human activity has negatively affected⑩ all other species on Earth， including animals and plants.
[1]本句是一个主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句；1，000 times faster than normal是倍数表达法。
If a sixth mass extinction occurs， scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.Of course， as we humans depend on so many species for our survival， we would also be at risk of dying out.Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants.[2] Without forests， we would have no air to breathe， and without clean water we would be unable to survive.
Can a sixth extinction be avoided？ Experts say that it is not yet too late， if we take action now.[3]This would mean we have to significantly change the way we live. For example， we need to take steps to save endangered species， including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be protected.We need to change how we work and travel by using cleaner， more natural sources of energy， such as wind and solar energy.We also need to improve our farming methods to reduce water， air and land pollution.In short ， if we want to survive， we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it.
[2]本句是一个并列句。and连接两个并列分句，其中without与no构成双重否定。
[3]本句是一个主从复合句。mean后的we have to significantly change the way we live为宾语从句，其中，we live为定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
①species n.物种，种
②wipe vt.擦；拭
wipe out 彻底毁灭
③unusual adj.异常的；不平常的
④mass adj.大量的
⑤varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
⑥asteroid n.小行星
⑦decrease n.减少；减少的量vi.& vt.减少
⑧blame vt.责怪，指责
be to blame 对（某事）负有责任
⑨die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝
⑩affect vt.影响
up to 多达
depend on 依赖，依靠
be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁
take action 采取行动
take steps 采取措施
endangered adj.濒危的
solar adj.太阳光（能）的
in short 总之
参考译文
物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。事实上，曾经存在的物种中90%以上现在都已经灭绝。在过去的五亿年中，地球上出现过五次生物几乎全部灭绝的情况。这其中包括称为“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝，那期间 90%至 96%的物种灭亡了。6，600 万年前发生的第五次灭绝导致了恐龙的灭亡。关于灭绝的原因各不相同。科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。许多科学家认为地球的第六次大灭绝即将来临。这一次，人类活动是主要原因。 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。 2015年在美国布朗大学和杜克大学的科学家进行的一项研究，调查了物种自然状态下灭亡的速度，即“背景灭绝率”。他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1，000倍。这么多物种正在消亡的原因有很多：空气和水污染、森林被毁、工厂化畜牧和过度捕捞。显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。 研究该问题的科学家们相信，如果发生第六次灭绝，地球上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。当然，由于人类的生存依赖很多种物种，我们也有可能濒临灭绝。我们的世界和我们的生命依赖于动植物之间的自然平衡。没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。 第六次灭绝可以避免吗？专家说，如果我们现在采取行动还为时不晚。这意味着我们必须极大地改变我们的生活方式。例如，采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的物种，包括建立动植物的特殊保护区。通过使用更清洁、更自然的能源，例如风能和太阳能来改变我们的工作和出行方式。我们还需要改进耕作方式，减少水、空气和土地污染。简而言之，如果我们想要生存，就需要停止破坏我们生活的星球并开始保护它。
Step One：Pre-reading
How much do you know about extinction？ Answer the following questions according to your knowledge.
1.How many times up to today has life on Earth almost died out？
2.About what percent of all species on Earth became extinct during the mass extinction known as the “Great Dying”？
3.What do scientists think will cause the next mass extinction？
Step Two：While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.
What’s the main idea of the text？（ ）
A.Six secret processes in the history of mankind.
B.Some ways for man to save birds from extinction.
C.Some measures to avoid extinction of the human race.
D.The characteristics and preventive measures of the sixth extinction.
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What is one of the reasons for extinction？（ ）
A.Earthquakes.
B.Changes in sea levels.
C.Rise in oxygen.
D.Drop in temperature.
2.What are scientists mainly concerned about as to species’ dying out？（ ）
A.Results. B.Ways.
C.Numbers. D.Rates.
3.What does the author mainly tell us in paragraph 3？（ ）
A.What a sixth mass extinction is.
B.The reasons for a sixth mass extinction.
C.How a sixth mass extinction will happen.
D.The consequences of a sixth mass extinction.
4.How can we avoid the sixth extinction？（ ）
A.By producing more species.
B.By stopping destroying the planet.
C.By taking action to protect ourselves.
D.By moving to another planet immediately.
Ⅲ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Step Three：Post-reading
Ⅰ.品课文佳句
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence to list the reasons for extinctions.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that develop the passage by listing figures.
3.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to develop the passage by using parallel structures.
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1.These include the third mass extinction， known as the “Great Dying”， which killed 90% to 96% of all species.
句式分析
自主翻译：
2.Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally， the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.
句式分析
自主翻译：
3.If a sixth mass extinction occurs， scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.
句式分析
自主翻译：
Ⅲ.讨论
1.What text type is this piece of writing？ What is its communicative purpose？
2.What ways of argument does the writer use to convince readers？ Are you convinced？ Why or why not？
核心词汇集释
1.wipe out 彻底毁灭
教材原句 Extinctions， where entire species are wiped out， are not unusual in our Earth’s history.
物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。
【用法】
wipe ...with ... 用……擦……
wipe away 擦掉，擦干
wipe sth off/from ... 把某物从……处擦掉（消除掉）
wipe up 擦拭；擦干净
【佳句】 The small village was completely wiped out by the floods.（环境描写）
这个小村庄被洪水彻底摧毁了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①These measures will help to wipe poverty in rural areas.
②He wiped his plate clean a piece of bread.
【写美】 完成句子
③She bent down and using a dry cloth. （动作描写）
她弯下腰，用一块干布把鞋上的泥土擦掉。
2.decrease n.减少；减少的量 vi.& vt. 减少
教材原句 According to scientists， they include volcanic eruptions， asteroids hitting the Earth from space， changes in sea levels， the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming.
科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。
【用法】
（1）decrease to ... 减少到……
decrease by ... 减少了……
decrease from ...to ... 从……减少到……
（2）on the decrease 正在减少
【佳句】 The temperature decreased by 10 degrees overnight， causing everyone to wear warmer clothes.
温度在一夜之间下降了10度，每个人穿上了更暖和的衣服。
【练透】 补全句子
①The number of people aged 50 and under will （减少了超过30%） during the time.
②As far as I know， the members of the association （减少到300）.
【写美】 翻译句子
③由于它们的栖息地遭到破坏，一些稀有动物的数量正在减少。（decrease n.）
3.blame vt.责怪，指责 n.责备；指责
教材原句 This time， human activity will be to blame.这一次，人类活动是主要原因。
【用法】
（1）blame sb for （doing） sth某人因（做了）某事而受到责备
blame sth on ... 把某事归咎于……
be to blame （for ...） 应（为……）承担责任；
该（为……）受责备
（2）take the blame for sth 对某事负责任
lay/put the blame on sb 把责任归咎于某人
【佳句】 “Was I to blame for all these embarrassments？ ” I guiltily thought to myself.（心理描写）
“这些尴尬都怪我吗？”我内疚地想。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed the breakdown of the school computer network.
②You should take the blame what you have done.
③The police blamed the traffic accident Tom’s careless driving.
【写美】 完成句子
④He realised that he the misunderstanding between him and his friend.
他意识到他和朋友之间的误解应归咎于他。
4.die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝
教材原句 Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally， the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。
【用法】
die away （声音、风、光等）慢慢变弱；渐渐消失
die down （兴奋、火等）渐弱；渐息；平息
be dying for sth/to do sth 迫切想要（做）某事
die of 因……而死（一般指死于内因，如疾病、饥饿、情感原因等）
die from 因……而死（一般指死于外因，如外伤、车祸、污染等）
【佳句】 The old language is dying out， with only a few elderly speakers remaining in the village.这种古老的语言正在消亡，村里只剩下几位老年人会说这种语言。
【练透】 用适当的介词或副词填空
①This species has nearly died because its habitat is being destroyed.
②The sound of the engine died as the car drove into the distance.
③It is reported that many fishes in the river die serious pollution.
【写美】 词汇升级
④Having been walking for nearly an hour， I am eager for a good sleep in bed.
→Having been walking for nearly an hour， I a good sleep in bed.
重点句型解构
◇句型公式：倍数表达法
教材原句 They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，000 times faster than normal.他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1，000倍。
【用法】
常见的倍数表达法：
（1）A＋be＋倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than＋B
（2）A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋B
（3）A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词（size/weight/length/...）＋of＋B
（4）A＋be＋倍数＋what从句
【品悟】 The new library is three times bigger than the old one， providing more space for students.（地点介绍）
新图书馆比旧图书馆大三倍，为学生提供了更多空间。
【写美】 完成句子/句型转换
①Their newly-built school is almost .
他们新建的学校几乎是老学校的两倍大。
②Jack’s coat is three times as expensive as mine.
→Jack’s coat is mine.
→Jack’s coat is mine.
→Jack’s coat is mine.
Section Ⅱ LESSON 1 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION
【文本透析·剖语篇】
Step One
1.Five times.
2.90%－96%.
3.Human activity.
Step Two
Ⅰ.D
Ⅱ.1－4 BDDB
Ⅲ.1.entire 2.unusual 3.mass 4.blame 5.negatively
6.occurs 7.survival 8.risk 9.destroying 10.endangered
Step Three
Ⅰ.1.According to scientists， they include volcanic eruptions， asteroids hitting the Earth from space， changes in sea levels， the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming.
2.（1）In fact， over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct.
（2）In the last 500 million years， there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended.
（3）These include the third mass extinction， known as the “Great Dying”， which killed 90% to 96% of all species.
（4）And the fifth event， which occurred 66 million years ago， caused the death of the dinosaurs.
（5）They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，000 times faster than normal.
3.（1）Without forests， we would have no air to breathe， and without clean water we would be unable to survive.
（2）We need to change how we work and travel by using cleaner， more natural sources of energy， such as wind and solar energy.We also need to improve our farming methods to reduce water， air and land pollution.In short， if we want to survive， we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it.
Ⅱ.1.这其中包括称为“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝，那期间90%至96%的物种灭亡了。
2.虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。
3.研究该问题的科学家们相信，如果发生第六次灭绝，地球上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。
Ⅲ.1.This piece of writing is an exposition （说明文）.The purpose of the writing is to explain what the sixth mass extinction is and its effects and call on people to take action to prevent it from happening.
2.The writer uses ways such as citing ideas from experts or authorities，giving examples and using data.I believe that if we take action now， it is not too late to save other species from extinction.The black robins were saved from extinction when only a few remained， so I think it is possible to save any species if we take action right now.
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①out ②with ③wiped the dirt off/from her shoes
2.①decrease by more than 30% ②have decreased to three hundred ③Because of the destruction of their habitats， the number of some rare animals is on the decrease.
3.①for ②for ③on ④was to blame for
4.①out ②away ③from ④am dying for
重点句型解构
①twice the size of the old one ②three times the price of； three times what I have paid for； twice more expensive than
9 / 9(共80张PPT)
Section Ⅱ LESSON 1 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION
目 录
01
篇章助解·释疑难
02
文本透析·剖语篇
03
核心知识·巧突破
04
课时检测·提能力
篇章助解·释疑难
Extinctions， where entire species① are wiped② out， are not unusual
③ in our Earth’s history.In fact， over 90 percent of all species that ever
lived are now extinct.In the last 500 million years， there have been five
times when life on Earth has almost ended.These include the third mass④
extinction， known as the “Great Dying”， which killed 90% to 96% of
all species.And the fifth event， which occurred 66 million years ago，
caused the death of the dinosaurs.The reasons for extinctions are varied
⑤.According to scientists， they include volcanic eruptions， asteroids⑥
hitting the Earth from space， changes in sea levels， the decrease⑦ of the
oxygen content of the sea and global warming.Many scientists say we are
now entering the Earth’s sixth mass extinction.This time， human activity
will be to blame⑧.
Although it is not unusual for species to die out⑨ naturally， the rate
at which this is now happening is cause for concern.A 2015 study by
scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the
US， looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes， that
is， the “background extinction rate”. [1]They found that human activity is
causing species to die out 1，000 times faster than normal. There is a long
list of reasons why so many species are dying out： air and water
pollution， forests being destroyed， factory farming and overfishing.It is
clear that human activity has negatively affected⑩ all other species on
Earth， including animals and plants.
[1]本句是一个主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句；1，000 times
faster than normal是倍数表达法。
①species n.物种，种
②wipe vt.擦；拭
wipe out 彻底毁灭
③unusual adj.异常的；不平常的
④mass adj.大量的
⑤varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
⑥asteroid n.小行星
⑦decrease n.减少；减少的量vi.& vt.减少
⑧blame vt.责怪，指责
be to blame 对（某事）负有责任
⑨die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝
⑩affect vt.影响
If a sixth mass extinction occurs， scientists who have studied the
issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die
out.Of course， as we humans depend on so many species for our
survival， we would also be at risk of dying out.Our world and our lives
depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants.[2] Without
forests， we would have no air to breathe， and without clean water we
would be unable to survive.
Can a sixth extinction be avoided？ Experts say that it is not yet too
late， if we take action now.[3]This would mean we have to significantly
change the way we live. For example， we need to take steps to save
endangered species， including setting up special areas where plants and
animals can be protected.We need to change how we work and travel by
using cleaner， more natural sources of energy， such as wind and solar
energy.We also need to improve our farming methods to reduce water， air
and land pollution.In short ， if we want to survive， we need to stop
destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it.
[2]本句是一个并列句。and连接两个并列分句，其中without与no
构成双重否定。
[3]本句是一个主从复合句。we have to significantly change the way
we live为宾语从句，其中we live为定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
up to 多达
depend on 依赖，依靠
be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁
take action 采取行动
take steps 采取措施
endangered adj.濒危的
solar adj.太阳光（能）的
in short 总之
参考译文
物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。事实
上，曾经存在的物种中90%以上现在都已经灭绝。在过去的五亿年
中，地球上出现过五次生物几乎全部灭绝的情况。这其中包括称为
“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝，那期间 90%至 96%的物种灭亡了。6，600 万
年前发生的第五次灭绝导致了恐龙的灭亡。关于灭绝的原因各不相
同。科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面
变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。许多科学家认为地球的第六次大
灭绝即将来临。这一次，人类活动是主要原因。
虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。
2015年在美国布朗大学和杜克大学的科学家进行的一项研究，调
查了物种自然状态下灭亡的速度，即“背景灭绝率”。他们发现人类
活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1，000倍。这么多物种正
在消亡的原因有很多：空气和水污染、森林被毁、工厂化畜牧和
过度捕捞。显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影
响，包括动物和植物。
研究该问题的科学家们相信，如果发生第六次灭绝，地球上多达
四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。当然，由于人类的生存依赖很多种物
种，我们也有可能濒临灭绝。我们的世界和我们的生命依赖于动植物
之间的自然平衡。没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，
我们将无法生存。
第六次灭绝可以避免吗？专家说，如果我们现在采取行动还
为时不晚。这意味着我们必须极大地改变我们的生活方式。例
如，采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的物种，包括建立动植物的特殊保护
区。通过使用更清洁、更自然的能源，例如风能和太阳能来改变
我们的工作和出行方式。我们还需要改进耕作方式，减少水、空
气和土地污染。简而言之，如果我们想要生存，就需要停止破坏
我们生活的星球并开始保护它。
文本透析·剖语篇
Step One：Pre-reading
How much do you know about extinction？ Answer the following
questions according to your knowledge.
1. How many times up to today has life on Earth almost died out？
Five times.
2. About what percent of all species on Earth became extinct during the
mass extinction known as the “Great Dying”？
3. What do scientists think will cause the next mass extinction？
90%－96%.
Human activity.
Step Two：While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.
What’s the main idea of the text？（ ）
A. Six secret processes in the history of mankind.
B. Some ways for man to save birds from extinction.
C. Some measures to avoid extinction of the human race.
D. The characteristics and preventive measures of the sixth extinction.
√
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. What is one of the reasons for extinction？（ ）
A. Earthquakes.
B. Changes in sea levels.
C. Rise in oxygen.
D. Drop in temperature.
√
2. What are scientists mainly concerned about as to species’ dying out？
（ ）
A. Results. B. Ways.
C. Numbers. D. Rates.
3. What does the author mainly tell us in paragraph 3？（ ）
A. What a sixth mass extinction is.
B. The reasons for a sixth mass extinction.
C. How a sixth mass extinction will happen.
D. The consequences of a sixth mass extinction.
√
√
4. How can we avoid the sixth extinction？（ ）
A. By producing more species.
B. By stopping destroying the planet.
C. By taking action to protect ourselves.
D. By moving to another planet immediately.
√
Ⅲ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Step Three：Post-reading
Ⅰ.品课文佳句
1. Read the passage carefully and find the sentence to list the reasons for
extinctions.
According to scientists， they include volcanic eruptions， asteroids
hitting the Earth from space， changes in sea levels， the decrease of the
oxygen content of the sea and global warming.
2. Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that develop the
passage by listing figures.
（1）In fact， over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now
extinct.
（2）In the last 500 million years， there have been five times when
life on Earth has almost ended.
（3）These include the third mass extinction， known as the “Great
Dying”， which killed 90% to 96% of all species.
（4）And the fifth event， which occurred 66 million years ago，
caused the death of the dinosaurs.
（5）They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，
000 times faster than normal.
3. Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to develop the passage
by using parallel structures.
（1）Without forests， we would have no air to breathe， and without
clean water we would be unable to survive.
（2）We need to change how we work and travel by using cleaner，
more natural sources of energy， such as wind and solar energy.We also
need to improve our farming methods to reduce water， air and land
pollution.In short， if we want to survive， we need to stop destroying the
planet that we live on and start to protect it.
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1. These include the third mass extinction， known as the “Great Dying”，
which killed 90% to 96% of all species.
句式分析
自主翻译：
这其中包括称为“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝，那期间90%至
96%的物种灭亡了。
2. Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally， the rate at
which this is now happening is cause for concern.
句式分析
自主翻译：
虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人
担忧。
3. If a sixth mass extinction occurs， scientists who have studied the issue
believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.
句式分析
自主翻译：
研究该问题的科学家们相信，如果发生第六次灭绝，地
球上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。
Ⅲ.讨论
1. What text type is this piece of writing？ What is its communicative
purpose？
This piece of writing is an exposition （说明文）.The purpose of the
writing is to explain what the sixth mass extinction is and its effects and
call on people to take action to prevent it from happening.
2. What ways of argument does the writer use to convince readers？ Are
you convinced？ Why or why not？
The writer uses ways such as citing ideas from experts or authorities，
giving examples and using data.I believe that if we take action now， it is
not too late to save other species from extinction.The black robins were
saved from extinction when only a few remained， so I think it is possible
to save any species if we take action right now.
核心知识·巧突破
核心词汇集释
1. wipe out 彻底毁灭
教材原句 Extinctions， where entire species are wiped out， are not
unusual in our Earth’s history.
物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。
【用法】
wipe ...with ... 用……擦……
wipe away 擦掉，擦干
wipe sth off/from ...把某物从……处擦掉（消除掉）
wipe up 擦拭；擦干净
【佳句】 The small village was completely wiped out by the floods.
（环境描写）
这个小村庄被洪水彻底摧毁了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①These measures will help to wipe poverty in rural areas.
②He wiped his plate clean a piece of bread.
out
with
【写美】 完成句子
③She bent down and using a dry
cloth. （动作描写）
她弯下腰，用一块干布把鞋上的泥土擦掉。
wiped the dirt off/from her shoes
2. decrease n.减少；减少的量 vi.& vt. 减少
教材原句 According to scientists， they include volcanic eruptions，
asteroids hitting the Earth from space， changes in sea levels， the
decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming.
科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变
化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。
【用法】
（1）decrease to ... 减少到……
decrease by ... 减少了……
decrease from ...to ... 从……减少到……
（2）on the decrease 正在减少
【佳句】 The temperature decreased by 10 degrees overnight， causing
everyone to wear warmer clothes.
温度在一夜之间下降了10度，每个人穿上了更暖和的衣服。
【练透】 补全句子
①The number of people aged 50 and under will
（减少了超过30%） during the time.
②As far as I know， the members of the association
（减少到300）.
decrease by more than
30%
have decreased to
three hundred
【写美】 翻译句子
③由于它们的栖息地遭到破坏，一些稀有动物的数量正在减少。
（decrease n.）
Because of the destruction of their habitats， the number of some rare
animals is on the decrease.
3. blame vt.责怪，指责 n.责备；指责
教材原句 This time， human activity will be to blame.这一次，人类活
动是主要原因。
【用法】
（1）blame sb for （doing） sth某人因（做了）某事而受到责备
blame sth on ... 把某事归咎于……
be to blame （for ...） 应（为……）承担责任；该（为……）受责备
（2）take the blame for sth 对某事负责任
lay/put the blame on sb 把责任归咎于某人
【佳句】 “Was I to blame for all these embarrassments？ ” I guiltily
thought to myself.（心理描写）
“这些尴尬都怪我吗？”我内疚地想。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed the breakdown
of the school computer network.
②You should take the blame what you have done.
③The police blamed the traffic accident Tom’s careless driving.
for
for
on
【写美】 完成句子
④He realised that he the misunderstanding between
him and his friend.
他意识到他和朋友之间的误解应归咎于他。
was to blame for
4. die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝
教材原句 Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally，
the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.虽然物种的自
然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。
die away （声音、风、光等）慢慢变弱；渐渐消失
die down （兴奋、火等）渐弱；渐息；平息
be dying for sth/to do sth 迫切想要（做）某事
die of 因……而死（一般指死于内因，如疾病、饥饿、情感原因等）
die from 因……而死（一般指死于外因，如外伤、车祸、污染等）
【用法】
【佳句】 The old language is dying out， with only a few elderly
speakers remaining in the village.
这种古老的语言正在消亡，村里只剩下几位老年人会说这种语言。
【练透】 用适当的介词或副词填空
①This species has nearly died because its habitat is being
destroyed.
②The sound of the engine died as the car drove into the
distance.
③It is reported that many fishes in the river die serious
pollution.
out
away
from
【写美】 词汇升级
④Having been walking for nearly an hour， I am eager for a good sleep
in bed.
→Having been walking for nearly an hour， I a good
sleep in bed.
am dying for
重点句型解构
◇句型公式：倍数表达法
教材原句 They found that human activity is causing species to die out
1，000 times faster than normal.
他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1，000倍。
常见的倍数表达法：
（1）A＋be＋倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than＋B
（2）A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋B
（3）A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词（size/weight/length/...）＋of＋B
（4）A＋be＋倍数＋what从句
【用法】
【品悟】 The new library is three times bigger than the old one，
providing more space for students.（地点介绍）
新图书馆比旧图书馆大三倍，为学生提供了更多空间。
【写美】 完成句子/句型转换
①Their newly-built school is almost .
他们新建的学校几乎是老学校的两倍大。
②Jack’s coat is three times as expensive as mine.
→Jack’s coat is mine.
→Jack’s coat is mine.
→Jack’s coat is mine.
twice the size of the old one
three times the price of
three times what I have paid for
twice more expensive than
课时检测·提能力
维度一：品句填词
1. A （大量） of clouds gathered in the sky， signaling an
approaching storm.
2. He noticed an （不平常的） silence in the house， which
was usually full of laughter.
3. The （太阳能的） panels on the roof generate enough energy
to power the house.
mass
unusual
solar
4. This （物种） of butterfly is unique to the island and can’t
be found anywhere else.
5. She （擦） the tears from her eyes and smiled bravely.
6. The number of birds in the area has significantly d due to
habitat loss.
species
wiped
ecreased
维度二：词形转换
1. A （vary） and ancient food culture should be famous
worldwide.
2. This rare bird has become an （endanger） species.
3. Every mother has （affect） for her children.
4. They demanded the （restore） of all their lost lands.
varied
endangered
affection
restoration
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. The old traditions are （消失）.
2. We’ll （彻底消灭） any enemy that dares to invade our
territory.
3. Your health （处境危险） if you don’t stop smoking.
4. Don’t always （把你的失败归咎
于他人）.Sometimes you yourself are to blame.
5. You’d better go there by train.The train ticket is
（比……便宜三倍） the airplane ticket.
dying out
wipe out
is at risk
blame your own failure on others
three times cheaper
than
Ⅰ.阅读理解
When Barton’s wife started working at Elephant’s World， which
works to rescue badly treated elephants just outside Kanchanaburi in
Thailand， Barton wondered what would happen if he were to play some
slow classical music to these animals.
For Barton’s 50th birthday， his wife convinced （说服） the
management at Elephant’s World to allow them to bring a piano into the
place.However， Barton’s personal project to play music to these
elephants was not one he entered without a few doubts.
As Barton recalls， the night before moving his instrument into the
wilderness of the Elephant’s World， he wondered how the elephants
would react to the music：“I contemplated what it would be like to play
for the elephants.Would they listen， or would it be dangerous？”
Moving a piano into nature is not easy.As Barton says， “Moving
our piano from Bangkok to the wilderness of the mountains in Kanchanaburi was challenging， but we made it.”
Now Barton is convinced that the universal language of music is a
perfect treatment for elephants who have worked for humans all their lives， and have sadly ended up being blind or disabled.
This pianist has carefully observed the reactions of the elephants to
the type of music played.“Their breathing actually slows down when I
play， which tells me they are relaxed and happy，” he says.“An 80-
year-old elephant， Ampan， who is almost totally blind， enjoys
Beethoven’s slow ‘Moonlight Sonata’ movement.He will walk away
if I play Schubert， rather than Beethoven， which he loves！”
This musician adds，“I feel happy to live with elephants and enjoy
getting to know them.I feel it worthwhile to play the piano for them，
especially if it brings comfort to those who have had stressful lives or live
in darkness.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了巴顿在妻子工作的大象
保护区为大象弹奏古典音乐的故事。巴顿发现音乐能让大象放松快
乐，尤其能为那些生活压力大或失明的大象带来安慰，他认为音乐
是治愈大象的完美方式。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了巴顿在妻子工作的大象
保护区为大象弹奏古典音乐的故事。巴顿发现音乐能让大象放松快
乐，尤其能为那些生活压力大或失明的大象带来安慰，他认为音乐
是治愈大象的完美方式。
1. What is the purpose of Barton’s personal project？（ ）
A. To remind people to save more wildlife.
B. To calm these badly treated elephants.
C. To convince his wife to play the piano.
D. To erase others’ doubts about his love.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Barton wondered ...these
animals、第五段和最后一段可推知，Barton的个人项目的目的是让这
些被虐待的大象平静下来。
√
2. What does the underlined word “contemplated” in paragraph 3
mean？（ ）
A. Gave up. B. Showed off.
C. Suffered from. D. Thought about.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Barton在考虑给
大象弹奏音乐会是什么情况，即他在“思考”。因此画线词
contemplated与D项Thought about同义。
√
3. Why does Barton mention the aged elephant Ampan？（ ）
A. To compare two great musicians from Europe.
B. To discuss the hardship the elephant had faced.
C. To show elephants have their own loved music.
D. To explain why he prefers to play classical music.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段中An 80-year-old
elephant ...which it loves！可推知，Barton提到年老的大象Ampan是
为了表明大象有自己喜欢的音乐。
√
4. What does Barton want to say in the last paragraph？（ ）
A. The work gives him a sense of achievement.
B. He manages to get over the difficulties he met.
C. Playing the piano in the wild makes little sense.
D. Staying with wild elephants is quite stressful.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，Barton在最后一段
想说这份工作给了他成就感。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空
An elderly woman rushed into action when she saw what she believed
was a（n） 5 baby hedgehog （刺猬） on the side of a 6 in
England.
After a night without seeing the fuzzy （毛茸茸的） ball move or
eat， the 7 lover rushed it to a wildlife hospital in Cheshire.
“The lady 8 with a box.She said she had 9 this baby
hedgehog on the roadside and it was cold and she 10 it up with a
brush，” the wildlife hospital manager Janet Kotze said.“I took the box
from her and 11 it.I couldn’t believe what I was seeing.I 12 ：
‘It’s not a hedgehog.Perhaps it’s some other kind of fuzzy
animal.’”
As soon as she picked up the fuzzy ball， Kotze realized it
wasn’t 13 at all.“ 14 with the weight， I could feel that it
wasn’t a hedgehog or any animal at all，” Kotze said.“I put it back
and said to the lady， ‘It’s 15 a bobble （绒线球） off a bobble
hat.’”
The lady was very embarrassed， according to Kotze， 16
whether the manager was “ 17 ” before walking out of the hospital
with her box and bobble.
“She was very 18 — the kind soul had thought she was rescuing
a weak baby hedgehog， but her care and love knew no bounds，” Kotze
said.“I don’t think she’ll make the same 19 again.I think she’ll
check next time.”
语篇解读： 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国一位老妇人在
路边捡到了一个“小刺猬”，送到医院却被告知是一顶泡泡帽上的
泡泡球的故事。
语篇解读： 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国一位老妇人在
路边捡到了一个“小刺猬”，送到医院却被告知是一顶泡泡帽上的
泡泡球的故事。
5. A. angry B. noisy C. wet D. sick
解析： 根据第二段中的rushed it to a wildlife hospital可知，老妇人
以为小刺猬生病了。
6. A. tree B. road C. hill D. river
解析： 根据第三段中的this baby hedgehog on the roadside可知，老
妇人是在路上看到的小刺猬。
7. A. animal B. food C. baby D. sports
解析： 根据最后一段中的she was rescuing a weak baby hedgehog可
知，她是动物爱好者。
√
√
√
8. A. went by B. went off
C. came in D. came across
解析： 根据上文中的rushed it to a wildlife hospital in Cheshire可
知，老妇人拿着盒子走进了医院。go by流逝；go off爆炸；come in进
来；come acros偶遇。
9. A. found B. bought C. kept D. fed
解析： 根据空后的this baby hedgehog on the roadside and it was cold
可知，她在路边发现了这只小刺猬。
√
√
10. A. wound B. picked
C. woke D. gave
解析： 根据空后的it up with a brush可知，他用柴枝捡起了小
刺猬。
11. A. filled B. opened
C. shook D. locked
解析： 根据下句I couldn’t believe what I was seeing.可知，经理打
开了盒子。
√
√
12. A. replied B. explained
C. thought D. promised
解析： 根据空后的It’s not a hedgehog.Perhaps it’s some other
kind of fuzzy animal.可知，这里是经理心里的想法。
13. A. alive B. easy C. happy D. safe
解析：A 根据下句中的I could feel that it wasn’t a hedgehog or any
animal at all可知，这个东西不是活物。
√
√
14. A. Regularly B. Unusually
C. Significantly D. Obviously
解析： 根据空后的with the weight， I could feel that it
wasn’t a hedgehog or any animal at all可知，根据重量经理明显
感到根本不是活物。
15. A. hardly B. nearly
C. actually D. hopefully
解析： 根据空后的a bobble off a bobble hat可知，这个东西实际上
是一顶泡泡帽上的泡泡。
√
√
16. A. showing B. asking
C. learning D. examining
解析： 根据空后的whether the manager was可知，老妇人在询
问经理。
17. A. joking B. lying
C. nodding D. laughing
解析： 根据上段中的a bobble off a bobble hat可知，经理告知了真
相，老妇人询问是不是在“开玩笑”。
√
√
18. A. shy B. slow C. smart D. sweet
解析： 根据空后的the kind soul可知，老妇人十分可爱善良。
19. A. effort B. decision
C. mistake D. change
解析： 根据第四段最后一段可知，老妇人错把毛球看成了小刺
猬，犯了一个错误。
√
√
THANKS
演示完毕 感谢观看
