Section Ⅲ Grammar —— 定语从句
①Do you remember the teacher who taught us English？
②This is the place where he used to live.
③Mr Zhang， who came to see me yesterday， is an old friend of mine.
④The boy failed the English exam again， which made him upset.
⑤A young man had a new girlfriend， whom he wanted to impress.
【我的发现】
1.限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有 的作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确，因而 被省略，否则句意就 。
2.非限制性定语从句在句中主要起 的作用，非限制性定语从句与主句之间往往有 隔开，独立存在，省略也不会影响整个句子的意思。
一、限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句，它所修饰的词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或事、物。限制性定语从句与被修饰词之间的关系密切，对其起限定作用，因此不可缺少，否则会影响全句的意义。限制性定语从句前不用逗号。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who，whom，that，which，whose；关系副词有where， when， why。
The gift （that/which） I gave to her is a pet dog.
我给她的那份礼物是一只宠物狗。（The gift 在后面从句中相当于gave的宾语成分，所以关系代词that/which可以省略）
A man who is lazy can’t learn much.
一个懒人学不了多少东西。（A man 在后面从句中相当于主语成分，所以who不能省略）
They are the people whose houses were destroyed in the earthquake.
他们是房子在地震中被摧毁的那些人。
This is the place where/in which my father works.
这是我爸爸工作的地方。
She still remembered the days when/during which she was studying in China.
她仍然记得在中国学习的那一段日子。
Could you give me the reason why/for which you were late for school？
你能给我解释一下你为什么迟到吗？
【即时演练1】 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
①September is the month students go back to school after a summer vacation.
②（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings， Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life， with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
③The reason he won the first place in the competition is that not only did he follow the teacher’s advice， but he also trained hard.
二、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句与被修饰词之间的关系松散，不能对其起限定作用，而是提供有用的补充。在口语中用停顿表示，在书面表达中用逗号与句子的其他部分分开，因此句中的关系代词不能省略。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who，whom，which，whose，as；关系副词有where， when。
I gave her a gift， which is a pet dog.
我给了她一份礼物，礼物是一只宠物狗。（先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时，用which而不用that）
He didn’t win the championship， which I hadn’t expected.
他没获得冠军， 这一点是我没预料到的。（which引导非限制性定语从句可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子的含义）
He is a very lazy man， who can’t learn much.
他是个很懒的人，学不了什么东西。
He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother， whom he loved and respected as his own mother.
他急于想去医院看望他的继母， 他把他的继母当作亲生母亲一样热爱和尊敬。
After graduation， I decided to stay in Chongqing， where I spent my childhood and four years of college life.
毕业后， 我决定留在重庆， 在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。
He will come here tomorrow， when he will be free.
他明天有空的时候会来这里。
【即时演练2】 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
①（2024·全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska， became a national monument in 1978， took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
②（2023·全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with is surroundings，” her fable begins， borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
③On the 1，100-kilometer journey， the man Cao Shengkang， lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident， crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
④It was a great joy to work with all these people， every one of is such a nice person.
三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
1.在句中作用不同
（1）限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用， 使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。
Do you remember the boy who played football yesterday？
你还记得昨天踢足球的那个男孩吗？
（2）非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切， 只是对其作一些附加说明，不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。
Mr Wang， who gave a speech yesterday， is an expert in the hospital.
王先生是这家医院的一位专家，昨天做了一个演讲。
2.外在表现形式不同
限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开； 而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切， 所以可以用逗号将其与主句隔开。
This is the place where he used to live.
这是他曾经居住的地方。
They went back to London，which was their hometown.
他们回到了伦敦，那里是他们的家乡。
3.先行词内容有所不同
大多数限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语， 而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句， 此时非限制性定语从句常由which 引导。
A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages， which surprises all the people present.
一个五岁的男孩会说两门外语，这让在场的人都很吃惊。
4.关系词的使用情况有所不同
（1）that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句
误：He gave his mother a smartphone for her birthday， that pleased her a lot.
正：He gave his mother a smartphone for her birthday， which pleased her a lot.
他送给母亲一部智能手机作为生日礼物，这让她很高兴。
名师点津
值得注意的是，不少学生误认为只有which 才能引导非限制性定语从句，这个观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指人，则用who， which或whose引导；如果先行词指物，可用which引导；先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时，可用when， where引导。
We’ll graduate in June， when we will be free.
我们将于六月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。
Last Sunday they reached Nanjing， where a conference was to be held.
他们上周日到达了南京， 有个会议要在那里举行。
（2）关系代词替代情况不同
关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替， 但whom在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。
This is the girl （whom/who） I met in the street.
这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。
This is Jack， whom you haven’t met before.
这是杰克，你以前没见过。
名师点津
在限制性定语从句中， 先行词指人时可用that 代替who/whom， 但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时， 不可用that 代替who/whom。
误：She has a sister， that is a teacher.
正：She has a sister， who is a teacher.
她有一个姐姐，她是一位老师。
（3）关系代词省略情况不同
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略， 非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省略。
This is the book （which/that） he lost yesterday.
这就是他昨天丢的那本书。
The book， which he lost yesterday， has been found.
他昨天丢了这本书，但现在已经找到了。
【即时演练3】 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
①Have you ever been to Xi’an， I left ten years ago.
②The weather turned out to be very good， was more than we could expect.
③I’ll find a nice girl， I want to marry.
④I’ll come at ten， I’ll be free.
⑤I still remember the days （ ） I spent in Beijing.
⑥All the neighbours admire this family， the parents are treating their child like a friend.
四、which和as引导非限制性定语从句的异同
1.相同点
两者引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，位于主句之后有时可互换。
The meeting was put off， as/which was exactly what we wanted.
会议被推迟了，这正是我们所希望的。
2.区别
（1）as可以放在主句前或后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后。
As is known to all， fish can’t live without water.
众所周知，没有水，鱼儿无法生存。
She told me she won the match， which was a lie.
她告诉我她赢得了比赛，这是一个谎言。
（2）as表示“正如”时，常用的结构有as we know/as is known to all （众所周知）， as often happens （正如常发生的那样）， as is often the case （情况常常如此）， as we all can see （正如我们看到的）， as is announced/expected/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/reported（据宣布/期望/想象/提到/说/展示/报道）， as the saying goes （俗话说）等。这些结构常放在句首，偶尔也可以放在句中或句末。
As is known to all， China is a developing country.
众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
As the saying goes，“All roads leads to Rome.”
俗话说：“条条大路通罗马。”
【即时演练4】 选词填空（as， which）
①Kate was late for school， often happened.
②He didn’t say anything at the meeting， seemed very strange.
③My brother enjoyed playing basketball， he really plays well.
④（2023·全国甲卷）Yet， the form of the fable still has values today， Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
维度一：单句语法填空
1.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating （纪念） Tang Xianzu， is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon， William Shakespeare’s hometown.
2.Occasions are quite rare my parents share their opinions with me.
3.Can you tell me a situation body language is the only form of communication？
4.We went through a period communication is difficult in the earthquake-stricken area.
5.It is reported that two schools， both of are being built in our hometown， will open next year.
6.Mark was a student at this university from 2018 to 2022， during time he studied hard and was elected chairman of the Students’ Union.
7.In China there is Mid-Autumn Festival， people admire the moon and eat mooncakes.
8.Signs and posters should be put up in areas smoking is not allowed.
9.He is one of the students are good at classical music.
10.The rain washed away the track， prevented the train from running.
维度二：语法与写作
1. yesterday， we should be confident of our future.
正如老师昨天说的那样，我们要对我们的未来充满信心。
2.In our class， we have many students .
我们班有很多作文写得好的学生。
3.Hard work is the only way your success.
努力工作是引导你成功的唯一办法。
4.The sun heats the Earth， for plants to grow.
太阳温暖了地球，使得万物得以生长。
5.I will keep you informed if the place the speech contest is decided.
如果我们举办演讲比赛的地点定下来，我会通知你的。
维度三：语段练习
Last Sunday， we went to the Confucius Temple， 1. （它坐落于曲阜市）.It has a history of more than 2，000 years.We visited the Xing Tan， 2. （孔子授课的地方）.Also，we saw many stone inscriptions 3. （它们有着悠久的历史和巨大的价值）.This is a meaningful visit 4. （我从中学到了很多）.
Section Ⅲ Grammar —— 定语从句
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.限定制约 不能 不完整 2.补充说明 逗号
即时演练1
①when ②which/that ③why
即时演练2
①which ②where ③who ④whom
即时演练3
①which ②which ③whom ④when ⑤that/which ⑥where
即时演练4
①as ②as/which ③which ④as
【素养提升·重练习】
维度一
1.who 2.when 3.where 4.when 5.which 6.which 7.when 8.where 9.who 10.which
维度二
1.As the teacher said 2.whose compositions are well written 3.that leads to 4.which makes it possible 5.where we’re to have
维度三
1.which lies in Qufu City/the city of Qufu
2.where Confucius taught his lessons
3.which/that have a long history and are of great value
4.where/from which I have learned a lot
6 / 6(共36张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Grammar —— 定语从句
目 录
01
重难语法·要攻克
02
素养提升·重练习
重难语法·要攻克
①Do you remember the teacher who taught us English？
②This is the place where he used to live.
③Mr Zhang， who came to see me yesterday， is an old friend of mine.
④The boy failed the English exam again， which made him upset.
⑤A young man had a new girlfriend， whom he wanted to impress.
1. 限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有 的作用，使该词
的含义更具体，更明确，因而 被省略，否则句意就
。
2. 非限制性定语从句在句中主要起 的作用，非限制性定
语从句与主句之间往往有 隔开，独立存在，省略也不会影响
整个句子的意思。
限定制约
不能
不完
整
补充说明
逗号
【我的发现】
一、限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语
从句，它所修饰的词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或事、物。限制
性定语从句与被修饰词之间的关系密切，对其起限定作用，因此不可
缺少，否则会影响全句的意义。限制性定语从句前不用逗号。引导限
制性定语从句的关系代词有who，whom，that，which，whose；关系
副词有where， when， why。
The gift （that/which） I gave to her is a pet dog.
我给她的那份礼物是一只宠物狗。（The gift 在后面从句中相当于gave
的宾语成分，所以关系代词that/which可以省略）
A man who is lazy can’t learn much.
一个懒人学不了多少东西。（A man 在后面从句中相当于主语成分，
所以who不能省略）
They are the people whose houses were destroyed in the earthquake.
他们是房子在地震中被摧毁的那些人。
This is the place where/in which my father works.
这是我爸爸工作的地方。
She still remembered the days when/during which she was studying in
China.
她仍然记得在中国学习的那一段日子。
Could you give me the reason why/for which you were late for school？
你能给我解释一下你为什么迟到吗？
【即时演练1】 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
①September is the month students go back to school after a
summer vacation.
②（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings， Beijing is also a
place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern
life， with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with
historical buildings of the past.
③The reason he won the first place in the competition is that not
only did he follow the teacher’s advice， but he also trained hard.
when
which/that
why
二、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句与被修饰词之间的关系松散，不能对其起限定
作用，而是提供有用的补充。在口语中用停顿表示，在书面表达中用
逗号与句子的其他部分分开，因此句中的关系代词不能省略。引导非
限制性定语从句的关系代词有who，whom，which，whose，as；关系
副词有where， when。
I gave her a gift， which is a pet dog.
我给了她一份礼物，礼物是一只宠物狗。（先行词为物，引导非限制
性定语从句时，用which而不用that）
He didn’t win the championship， which I hadn’t expected.
他没获得冠军， 这一点是我没预料到的。（which引导非限制性定语
从句可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子的含义）
He is a very lazy man， who can’t learn much.
他是个很懒的人，学不了什么东西。
He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother， whom he loved
and respected as his own mother.
他急于想去医院看望他的继母， 他把他的继母当作亲生母亲一样热爱
和尊敬。
After graduation， I decided to stay in Chongqing， where I spent my
childhood and four years of college life.
毕业后， 我决定留在重庆， 在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年大学
生活。
He will come here tomorrow， when he will be free.
他明天有空的时候会来这里。
【即时演练2】 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
①（2024·全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States
national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern
Alaska， became a national monument in 1978， took the
honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
which
②（2023·全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of
America all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with is
surroundings，” her fable begins， borrowing some familiar words from
many age-old fables.
③On the 1，100-kilometer journey， the man Cao
Shengkang， lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car
accident， crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
④It was a great joy to work with all these people， every one
of is such a nice person.
where
who
whom
三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
1. 在句中作用不同
（1）限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用， 使该词
的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意
就不完整。
Do you remember the boy who played football yesterday？
你还记得昨天踢足球的那个男孩吗？
（2）非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切， 只是对其作一些
附加说明，不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句
的意义仍然完整。
Mr Wang， who gave a speech yesterday， is an expert in the hospital.
王先生是这家医院的一位专家，昨天做了一个演讲。
2. 外在表现形式不同
限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句
隔开； 而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切， 所以可以用
逗号将其与主句隔开。
This is the place where he used to live.
这是他曾经居住的地方。
They went back to London，which was their hometown.
他们回到了伦敦，那里是他们的家乡。
3. 先行词内容有所不同
大多数限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词
或短语， 而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，
此时非限制性定语从句常由which 引导。
A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages， which surprises all
the people present.
一个五岁的男孩会说两门外语，这让在场的人都很吃惊。
4. 关系词的使用情况有所不同
（1）that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句
误：He gave his mother a smartphone for her birthday， that pleased her
a lot.
正：He gave his mother a smartphone for her birthday， which pleased
her a lot.
他送给母亲一部智能手机作为生日礼物，这让她很高兴。
名师点津
值得注意的是，不少学生误认为只有which 才能引导非限制性定语从
句，这个观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指
人，则用who， which或whose引导；如果先行词指物，可用which引
导；先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时，可用
when， where引导。
We’ll graduate in June， when we will be free.
我们将于六月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。
Last Sunday they reached Nanjing， where a conference was to be held.
他们上周日到达了南京， 有个会议要在那里举行。
（2）关系代词替代情况不同
关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替， 但whom
在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。
This is the girl （whom/who） I met in the street.
这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。
This is Jack， whom you haven’t met before.
这是杰克，你以前没见过。
在限制性定语从句中， 先行词指人时可用that 代替who/whom， 但在
非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时， 不可用that 代替who/whom。
误：She has a sister， that is a teacher.
正：She has a sister， who is a teacher.
她有一个姐姐，她是一位老师。
（3）关系代词省略情况不同
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略， 非限制性定语从句
的所有关系词均不可省略。
This is the book （which/that） he lost yesterday.
这就是他昨天丢失的那本书。
The book， which he lost yesterday， has been found.
他昨天丢了这本书，但现在已经找到了。
【即时演练3】 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
①Have you ever been to Xi’an， I left ten years ago.
②The weather turned out to be very good， was more than we
could expect.
③I’ll find a nice girl， I want to marry.
④I’ll come at ten， I’ll be free.
⑤I still remember the days （ ） I spent in Beijing.
⑥All the neighbours admire this family， the parents are
treating their child like a friend.
which
which
whom
when
that/which
where
四、which和as引导非限制性定语从句的异同
1. 相同点
两者引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内
容，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，位于主句之后有时可互换。
The meeting was put off， as/which was exactly what we wanted.
会议被推迟了，这正是我们所希望的。
2. 区别
（1）as可以放在主句前或后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导
的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后。
As is known to all， fish can’t live without water.
众所周知，没有水，鱼儿无法生存。
She told me she won the match， which was a lie.
她告诉我她赢得了比赛，这是一个谎言。
（2）as表示“正如”时，常用的结构有as we know/as is known to all
（众所周知）， as often happens （正如常发生的那样）， as is often
the case （情况常常如此）， as we all can see （正如我们看到的），
as is announced/expected/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/reported（据宣
布/期望/想象/提到/说/展示/报道）， as the saying goes （俗话说）
等。这些结构常放在句首，偶尔也可以放在句中或句末。
As is known to all， China is a developing country.
众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
As the saying goes，“All roads leads to Rome.”
俗话说：“条条大路通罗马。”
【即时演练4】 选词填空（as， which）
①Kate was late for school， often happened.
②He didn’t say anything at the meeting， seemed very
strange.
③My brother enjoyed playing basketball， he really plays
well.
④（2023·全国甲卷）Yet， the form of the fable still has values
today， Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
as
as/which
which
as
素养提升·重练习
维度一：单句语法填空
1. （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating （纪
念） Tang Xianzu， is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，”
add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon， William Shakespeare’s hometown.
2. Occasions are quite rare my parents share their opinions with me.
who
when
3. Can you tell me a situation body language is the only form of
communication？
4. We went through a period communication is difficult in the
earthquake-stricken area.
5. It is reported that two schools， both of are being built in our
hometown， will open next year.
6. Mark was a student at this university from 2018 to 2022，
during time he studied hard and was elected chairman of the
Students’ Union.
where
when
which
which
7. In China there is Mid-Autumn Festival， people admire the
moon and eat mooncakes.
8. Signs and posters should be put up in areas smoking is not
allowed.
9. He is one of the students are good at classical music.
10. The rain washed away the track， prevented the train from
running.
when
where
who
which
维度二：语法与写作
1. yesterday， we should be confident of our
future.
正如老师昨天说的那样，我们要对我们的未来充满信心。
2. In our class， we have many students
.
我们班有很多作文写得好的学生。
3. Hard work is the only way your success.
努力工作是引导你成功的唯一办法。
As the teacher said
whose compositions are well
written
that leads to
4. The sun heats the Earth， for plants to
grow.
太阳温暖了地球，使得万物得以生长。
5. I will keep you informed if the place the
speech contest is decided.
如果我们举办演讲比赛的地点定下来，我会通知你的。
which makes it possible
where we’re to have
维度三：语段练习
Last Sunday， we went to the Confucius Temple， 1.
（它坐落于曲阜市）.It has a history of
more than 2，000 years.We visited the Xing Tan， 2.
（孔子授课的地方）.Also，we saw many stone
inscriptions 3.
（它们有着悠久的历史和巨大的价值）.This is a meaningful visit
4. （我从中学到了很多）.
which lies in
Qufu City/the city of Qufu
where Confucius
taught his lessons
which/that have a long history and are of great value
where/from which I have learned a lot
THANKS
演示完毕 感谢观看
